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    Waves Revision Booklet

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    Piyumi Gallage
    Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel as vibrations. They are made up of compressions and rarefactions and are detected by our ear drums. These vibrations are converted to electrical signals in the cochlea. Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases but not vacuums since there is no medium for the waves to propagate through. The average human can hear sounds between 200 Hz and 12 kHz.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Waves Revision Booklet

    Uploaded by

    Piyumi Gallage
    430 views4 pages
    Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel as vibrations. They are made up of compressions and rarefactions and are detected by our ear drums. These vibrations are converted to electrical signals in the cochlea. Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases but not vacuums since there is no medium for the waves to propagate through. The average human can hear sounds between 200 Hz and 12 kHz.

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    Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel as vibrations. They are made up of compressions and rarefactions and are detected by our ear drums. These vibrations are converted to electrical signals in the cochlea. Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases but not vacuums since there is no medium for the waves to propagate through. The average human can hear sounds between 200 Hz and 12 kHz.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    430 views4 pages

    Waves Revision Booklet

    Uploaded by

    Piyumi Gallage
    Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel as vibrations. They are made up of compressions and rarefactions and are detected by our ear drums. These vibrations are converted to electrical signals in the cochlea. Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases but not vacuums since there is no medium for the waves to propagate through. The average human can hear sounds between 200 Hz and 12 kHz.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Sound

    Sound waves are _____________ (transverse/longitudinal). They travel as


    _________ (vibrations/EM waves). They are made up of ________

    Waves Revision Booklet

    (compressions/extensions) and _________ (expansions/rarefactions) and


    are detected by our _________ (ear drums/pinna). These vibrations are
    converted to ________ (electrical/light) signals in the cochlea.
    Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases, but they cannot travel
    through vacuums - this is because a vacuum _____________________.
    Which of the following sounds are in the audible range for the average human?
    12 kHz 200 Hz 21 kHz

    0.5 kHz

    1 Hz 0.1 MHz 15 kHz 900 Hz

    Name:

    Class:

    Waves transfer ______ and information without transferring ______.


    Label each of the waves as either transverse of longitudinal.
    1 Second
    1 Second
    Calculate the time period and frequency of each of the above waves.
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________
    Which of the waves above has the highest pitch? Explain your answer.
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________
    Which of the waves is the loudest? Explain your answer.
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________

    Write a sentence about how each is defined. _____________________


    ___________________________________________________
    ___________________________________________________
    ___________________________________________________

    Diffraction
    A

    Wave
    Direction

    Properties of Waves

    Label the wavelength and amplitude on the wave, and complete the table below.
    Wave Property Definition
    Wavelength
    Amplitude

    Draw on the wavelength of both waves.


    Complete the above diagrams for both waves.

    Frequency

    Define diffraction:

    Time Period

    ____________________________________________________

    Complete the two equations and hence answer the following calculations.
    Frequency =

    Wave Speed =
    -7

    A radio wave has a time period of 5 x 10 s (0.0000005 s). Calculate the


    frequency and the wavelength. _______________________________
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________

    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________
    Why does one wave diffract more than the other?
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________

    Refractive Index

    Electromagnetic Spectrum

    Complete the two equations for calculating the refractive index:

    Refractive Index (n) = Speed of Light in Vacuum

    or

    sin i

    Complete the above table using the equation you have just completed. Use the space below
    for your calculations.

    Electromagnetic _______ travels as _______ waves and transfers _____


    from one place to another. All electromagnetic waves can travel through a
    vacuum, and they all travel at the same speed in a vacuum - the speed of
    _____. The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuous range of _________.
    The types of radiation that occur in each part of the spectrum have different
    uses and dangers, which depend on their wavelength and ________.
    Words: frequency radiation light energy wavelengths r transverse

    Substance

    Speed of Light (m/s)

    Refractive Index

    Air

    300 000 000

    1.0

    Water

    225 000 000

    Put the seven different sections of the EM spectrum in the table below, in
    order of increasing wavelength. Then complete the table.

    Perspex

    200 000 000

    Section

    Sources

    Gamma Rays

    Radioactive materials. Geiger-Mller tube.

    Sterilising food and medical


    equipment, radiotherapy.

    X-rays

    X-ray tubes.

    X-radiography.

    Ultraviolet

    UV lamps and the Sun. Skin, photographic


    film.

    Fluorescent tubes and UV


    tanning lamps.

    Visible

    Luminous objects.

    Eyes, photographic
    film, LDRs.

    Seeing, communication
    (optical fibres), photography.

    Infrared

    Hot objects.

    Skin, blackened
    thermometers.

    Infrared heaters, remote


    controls, thermal imaging.

    Microwaves

    Microwave transmitters and ovens.

    Microwave receivers.

    Mobile phone and satellite


    communication, cooking.

    Radio Waves

    Radio transmitters,
    TV transmitters.

    Radio and TV aerials.

    Long-, medium- and shortwave radio, TV.

    Glass

    1.5

    Diamond

    2.4

    A ray of light enters a glass block at 40 from the normal. The angle of refraction was 25.
    Calculate the refractive index of the glass. ________________________________
    ____________________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________________
    Complete the diagram:
    What use could we have for this situation?
    ____________________________________
    ____________________________________
    ____________________________________
    What other uses do we have for total internal reflection?
    ____________________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________________
    ____________________________________________________________

    Detectors

    Photographic film.

    Uses

    Hazards are associated with EM radiation. List some of the dangers below.
    Microwaves: ___________________________________________
    Infrared: _____________________________________________
    Ultraviolet: ____________________________________________
    Gamma-rays: ___________________________________________

    What causes light to refract? _____________________________

    Reflection & Refraction

    _________________________________________________

    Complete the equation for the law of reflection:

    Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection


    Using the law of reflection, and using a protractor, complete the

    follow-

    Air
    Glass

    Using the diagram below, explain what happens to a ray of


    light as it enters and exits a more optically dense medium.
    _____________________
    _____________________

    ing diagram:

    _____________________

    Air

    _____________________

    _________________________________________________
    Angle of incidence =

    Angle of reflection =

    Give the definition of a virtual image:


    _________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________

    What would happen if the angle of incidence was 0?


    _________________________________________________
    Glass
    Air

    What are the three properties of virtual image? Use the image to explain
    your answers. ________________________________________
    _________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________
    __________________________________
    __________________________________
    __________________________________
    __________________________________

    Glass
    Air

    Glass

    Air
    What is the name of the angle labelled C?
    ___________________________
    Explain, in as much detail as you can, what
    happens as the angle of incidence increases.

    _________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________

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