Flynn Classification
Flynn Classification
Flynn Classification
Introduction to Multiprocessors
11.1 Introduction
A multiple processor system consists of two or more processors that are connected in a manner that allows them to share the simultaneous (parallel) execution of a given computational task. Two basic requirements are inevitable for the efficient use of the employed processors. These requirements are:
Low communication overhead among processors while executing a given task and A degree of inherent parallelism in the task.
11.1 Introduction
Typical sizes of some multiprocessor systems:
11.1 Introduction
The organization and performance of a multiple processor system are greatly influenced by the interconnection network used to connect them.
Single bus
M M M
Multi-bus system
P P P
11.1 Introduction
Multi-stage Interconnection Network
Crossbar system
SIMD:
Flynns Classification:
MISD:
MIMD:
Mode of Operation
Synchronous:
A single global clock is used by all components in the system (lock-step manner) No global clock required Hand shaking signals are used to coordinate the operation of asynchronous systems.
Asynchronous:
Control Strategy
Centralized: one central control unit is used to control the operations of the components of the system. Decentralized: the control function is distributed among different components in the system.
Switching Techniques
Circuit switching: a complete path has to be established prior to the start of communication between a source and a destination. Packet switching: communication between a source and a destination takes place via messages divided into smaller entities, called packets.
Topology
Describes how to connect processors and memories to other processors and memories. Static: direct fixed links are established among nodes to form a fixed network. Dynamic: connections are established when needed.
11.7 Summary
In this chapter, we have navigated through a number of concepts and system configurations related to the issues of multiprocessing. In particular, we have provided the general concepts and terminology used in the context of multiprocessors. A number of taxonomies for multiprocessors have been introduced and analyzed. Two memory organization schemes have been introduced:
Shared-memory Message passing
In addition, we have introduced the different topologies used for interconnecting multiple processors.