Oil Refinery Process

Yogyakarta/ 10 November 2012

DIT. PENGOLAHAN PERTAMINA Tlp : 021-381-5481 Email : [email protected]

Materi Presentasi
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Gambaran umum Proses proses utama di kilang Konfigurasi proses kilang Feed dan spesifikasi Product dan spesifikasi Tantangan ke depan

Gambaran umum

Crude Oil

Marketable Product
Pengolahan (Refining)

SLC Duri ALC Nigeria dll

LPG Gasoline Kerosene / Avtur ADO Fuel Oil C2=, C3=, C4= Wax, Asphalt, Aromatic, coke

Alur pengolahan minyak (oil)

Upstream Downstream

Trading
Commercial Customer

Exploration

Production

Refining

Primary Distribution
Pipeline Transportation Barge & Vessel Transportation

Terminalling

Retail Customer
Marketing Demand Forecast

Geophysical Evaluation & Design Field Development Drilling Operations

Crude Oil & Gas Production Gathering & Processing

Refining of Crude Product Blending

Inventory Management Product Blending Truck Dispatch

Price Setting Customer Service Demand Fulfillment

Transportation & Storage

Typical Crude & product Distribution

200

LPG
HOMC Import 20 Natural Gas

: 30

Fuel Product - Mogas - Gasoil -IDO : 190 : 250 : 8 - Kerosene : 150

Export
7

Contractor 100 Exchange Crude

300

100

-IFO

67

Indonesian Crude Production 1,000.0 700

200

Export, Exchange, Repayment

Product - Aviation - Pertamax - Pertadex : 33 : : 7 3 0.2

- Pertamax Plus :
Pertamina production & Government Entlitement 600 500

Petrochemical (Excl. LPG )

400 400

- Total

: 41

Import Crude

Miscellineous - Total : 120.0

Unit : MBCD

Ref. Fuel & Loss - Total : 7.5 % Vol on Crude

Kilang Pengolahan Minyak Milik PERTAMINA

I
170

II
132.5 125 348

253.5

10

VII V

III

Dalam MBPSD

RU I : Pangkalan Brandan RU II : Dumai

RU III : Plaju RU IV : Cilacap

RU V : Balikpapan RU VI : Balongan RU VII : Kasim

7

Asia pacific major refineries

Refiners Shell

Controlled* total capacity (KBD) 1,272

Influenced** capacity (KBD)

Number of refineries
14 11

555 285
2 6

Exxon Mobil Caltex (including

LG-Caltex)

1,801

1,047
1,115 1031 370 782 670

SK Pertamina PTT
Nippon Mitsubishi

485
4

Idemitsu

Cosmo Oil
BP

599
247

285
3 3 1 1

Petronas
SPC Petron

298
285 180

* Majority controlled and manned by company ** Minority ownership Source: Facts EWCI; company website

Proses proses utama di kilang

Proses proses utama di Oil Refinery

No
1 2 3 4

Jenis Proses
Persiapan Pemisahan Treating Konversi Desalter

Unit Proses

Tujuan Proses
Menurunkan water, menurunkan garam Pemisahan primer berdasar titik didih Pemurnian Perengkahan, pembentukan / reforming Perbaikan kualitas Polymerisasi, aromatisasi, Filtrasi

5 6

Perbaikan Kualitas Prosesproses Lain

Crude Distilling Unit (CDU), High Vakum Unit (HVU) Hydrotreating dan demetalisasi (HDS, ARHDM, DHDT, DHDT), Amine Absorber, Hydrocracker, Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), RFCC, Delayed Coker, Visbreaker, Platforming, H2 Plant. Hydrotreater (HDS) Polymerisasi, Isomerisasi Penex,Totaray), MDU

10

Konfigurasi proses kilang

11

Tipikal refinery process flow diagram

12

RU II Dumai
GAS L.NAP LPG LPG L.NAP H.NAP HCU 212 L.KERO H.KERO ADO TO LOMC CRUDE CDU DMI KERO TO PREMIUM ADO LPG GAS LVGO HVU HVGO EXCESS GAS S.RES GAS TO LSWR SRN CRUDE CDU SPK KERO ADO LPG NAPHTHA DCU LCGO HCGO COKE L.RES TO LSWR DHDT NAPHTHA L.KERO H.KERO TO PREM. TO LOMC BTM HCU 212 H2P 701/702 HOMC BTM NHDT LPG L.NAP H.NAP L.KERO H.KERO ADO HOMC H.NAP L.NAP LPG

NRU

H.NAP

PL-I

SRN

PL -II

13

RU III Plaju

14

RU IV Cilacap

15

RU V Balikpapan

16

RU VI Balongan

17

RU VII Kasim

18

PERBANDINGAN YIELD KILANG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN PRODUK BERNILAI JUAL TINGGI DAN KOMPETISI
Refinery comparison Production capacity, kbpd

Nelson Complexity Index - Yield indicator (higher number, high value yields)

RU IV Cilacap RU V Balikpapan RU II Dumai RU III Plaju / Musi RU VI Balongan RU VII Kasim 10

348 260 170 118 125 1.0

3.5 3.3

7.9
4.9 10.6

Indonesia average South Korea avg Taiwan average UK average Japan average India average US average China average Reliance India** 430 305 170 152 132 128 83 580

4.7 5.0 5.9 9.0 7.7

International competitors

3.8
10.7 3.6 14.0

KILANG DENGAN KOMPLEKSITAS TINGGI AKAN MENGHASILKAN FRAKSI RINGAN LEBIH BESAR DAN PRODUCT VALUE LEBIH TINGGI
Simple / Hydroskimming Fuel Gas LPG / Propane Gasoline Fraksi Ringan Refinery configuration type Units present

Gas plant Reformer Distillation

Typical light product yield* % volume

30 50 70 75 85 Coker Alky FCC

Topping Hydroskimming FCC FCC/alky Coking

Crude oil

Kerosene / Avtur

Solar / Diesel Residual fuel

Distillation

Reformer

Complex / Cracking

Yields Gas/ LPG Gasoline Kerosene / Avtur Solar / Diesel Residue

* Actual yield is also dependent on the crude type/quality

Simple (%v) 2.11 16.51 20.22 21.32 39.84

Complex (%v) 9.56 44.58 8.95 20.44 16.47

Total

100.00

100.00

Source:

McKinsey

Feed dan Spesifikasi

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Crude Oil ( minyak bumi) :

Terdiri atas senyawa C (1 - 40an ) dan H Didefinisikan dengan crude assay (boiling point cut, sifat fisik) Mengandung impurities (S, N, metals) Dikategorikan sebagai : parafinik, naphthenik, aromatik.

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Komposisi desain feed (crude) RUs

RU UNIT OPERASI DUMAI RU II SUNGAI PAKNING JENIS CRUDE KOMPOSISI CRUDE ( % V) 80% 20% 90% 10%

SLC DURI SLC LIRIK SLC RAMBA ALC ARJUNA ATTAKA HANDIL BEKAPAI SLC WIDURI SLC DURI WALIO

RU III RU IV

CDU I - VII CDU I CDU II

100% 50% 50% 60% 40% 70% 30% 20% 80% 100%

RU V

CDU IV CDU V

RU VI RU VII

CDU CDU

TABEL. SPESIFIKASI FEED PRIMARY PROCESSING NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 PARAMETER SALT CONTENT SULFUR N + 2A Asphalthenes Vanadium Nickel Mercury TAN UNIT ptb % WT % vol % wt ppm wt ppm wt ppb mgKOH/mg max 25 max 25 max 0.7 max 0.1 UP II SPK UP III max 7 max 0.1 UP IV max 8.7 max 0.1 min 80 max 0.71 max 0.45 max 0.5 max 20 max 25 max 0.62 UP V max 7.8 max 0.1 UP VI max 10 max 0.1

Produk dan Spesifikasi

25

Marketable products :
Produk
LPG Gasoline Jet Fuel / Kero ADO/Solar

No. Atom C
C3 C4 C4 C12 C8 C12 C12-C18

Spesifikasi kritis
Kadar C3&C4, RVP, bau, C2, korisifitas ON, distilasi/EP, RVP, S, aromat, korisifitas Freezing point, smoke point, flash point Cetane Index, distilasi/EP, S, korosifitas Viskositas, Sg

Fuel Oil / Residu > C25

26

Spesifikasi produk LPG

NO. 1. 2. ANALISA Specific Gravity at 60 / 60 F Komposisi : C2 C3 + C4 C5 + ( C5 and heavier ) 3. 4. 5. R.V.P at 100 F Weathering Test at 36 F Total Sulphur % vol % vol % vol psig % vol grains/100 cuft ASTM D - 1267 ASTM D - 1837 ASTM D - 2784 METODA ASTM D - 1657 ASTM D - 2163 97.0 95 0.8 2.0 145 15 +) MIN MAX To Be Reported

6.
7. 8.

Copper Corrosion 1 hours/100 F

Ethyl or Buthyl Mercaptan Added Water Content mL / 1000 AG

ASTM D - 1838

50 *)

No. 1

Visual

No free water

+) Sebelum ditambah ethyl atau buthyl mercaptan *) Tidak dilakukan di Laboratorium Ref. Dirjen Migas no. No. 26525.K/10/DJM.S/2009

27

Spesifikasi produk premium (hal 1 dari 2)

NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ANALISA Research Octane Number Colour Dyes content Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 oC Distillation : 10 % Vol. recovery 50 % Vol. recovery 90 % Vol. recovery End Point Residue 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Doctor Test or No. 9 Existent Gum Induction Period Mercaptan Sulphur Density at 15 oC Oksigenat content R.V.P at 100 oF mg/100 mL Minutes % wt Kg/m3 % vol kPa
oC oC oC oC

METODA ASTM D-2699 Visual gr/100 L ASTM D-130 ASTM D-86

MIN 88.0 Yellow 75 -

MAX -

0.13 No. 1 74 125 180 215 2.0 Negative 4.0 0.0020 780,0 11 69

% vol IP-130 ASTM D-381 ASTM D-525 ASTM D-3227 ASTM D-4052 Mixing ASTM D-323

240 715,0 -

13.
14.

Lead Content
Total Sulphur

g/L
% wt

ASTM D-5059
ASTM D-2622

0.013
0.10

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Spesifikasi produk Solar

NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Appearance Density 15 C Strong Acid Number Total Acid Number Ash Content Cetane Index Colour ASTM Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 100 C Distillation, T90 Pour Point Sediment Visc. Kinematic at 40 C Water Content Flash Point PMcc Total Sulphur * C C % wt cSt mg / kg C % wt No. ASTM kg / m mg KOH/g mg KOH/g % wt ANALISA METODA Visual ASTM D - 1298 ASTM D - 664 ASTM D - 664 ASTM D - 482 ASTM D - 4737 ASTM D - 1500 ASTM D - 130 ASTM D - 86 ASTM D - 97 ASTM D - 473 ASTM D - 445 ASTM D - 1744 ASTM D - 93 ASTM D - 2622
OR

MIN

MAX

Clear & Bright 815 48 2.000 55 870 NIL 0.6 0.01 3.0 No. 1 370 18 0.01 5.000 500 0.35

ASTM D - 1552 16. Conradson Carbon Residue % wt ASTM D - 4530 0.1

*) Ref. : SK Dirjen Migas No. 3675 K/24/DJM/2006. Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 5312/14/DJM.T/2008. Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 1470/04/DJM.0/2009.

29

Spesifikasi produk Kerosene

NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. ANALISA Density 15 C Burning Test ( Dry Char ) Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 C Distilation : End Point Recovery at 200 C 5. 6. 7. 8. Flash Point Abel Odour & Colour Smoke Point Total Sulphur mm % wt C % vol C IP - 170 ASTM D -1322 ASTM D -1266 kg / m mg / kg Class METODA ASTM D - 1298 IP - 10 ASTM D - 130 ASTM D - 86 18 38.0 Marketable 15 0.20 310 MIN MAX 835 40 No. 1

Ref. : Dirjen Migas No. 17K/72/DDJM/1999 Tgl. 16 April 1999

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Tantangan ke depan

31

Tantangan ke depan

Lingkungan yang berubah : 1. 2. 3. 4. Harga crude yang cenderung tinggi. Tuntutan kinerja standart global. Regulasi produk yang berubah. Tuntutan lindungan lingkungan yang semakin ketat.

Tuntutan terhadap Pengolahan : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Menaikkan kehandalan kilang. Mengurangi losses dan refinery fuel. Mengoptimalkan produksi. Memenuhi regulasi pemerintah. Menurunkan biaya-biaya.

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Tipikal Struktur Biaya Bidang Pengolahan

Biaya Refinery Fuel; 3.6% Biaya Depresiasi; 0.9% Biaya Interest; 0.1%

Biaya Pengolahan; 2.4%

Biaya Angkutan; 0.9%

Bahan Baku; 92.1%

Trend Karakteristik Bisnis Pengolahan Oil & Gas

Terima kasih atas perhatiannya

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