Manual

Power Q Plus
MI 2392
Instruction manual
Version 1.0, Code No. 20 750 815
CONTENTS
Contents
1 Power Q Plus MI 2392 ................................................................................................ 5
1.1 MAIN FEATURES .......................................................................................................... 5
1.2 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................ 6
1.3 APPLICABLE STANDARDS .......................................................................................... 7
2 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 8
2.1 FRONT PANEL .............................................................................................................. 8
2.2 CONNECTOR PANEL ................................................................................................... 9
2.3 BOTTOM VIEW ............................................................................................................10
2.4 ACCESSORIES ............................................................................................................11
2.4.1 Standard accessories.................................................................................. 11
2.4.2 Optional accessories................................................................................... 11
3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................... 12
3.1 MEASURING SYSTEM.................................................................................................12
3.2 MEASUREMENTS ........................................................................................................12
3.2.1 Voltage ........................................................................................................ 12
3.2.2 Current ........................................................................................................ 12
3.2.3 Frequency ................................................................................................... 12
3.2.4 Power (W, VA, VAR) ................................................................................... 13
3.2.5 Power factor ................................................................................................ 13
3.2.6 Cosinus φ.................................................................................................... 13
3.2.7 Energy (Wh, VAh, VArh) ............................................................................. 13
3.2.8 Voltage harmonics ...................................................................................... 14
3.2.9 Current harmonics....................................................................................... 14
3.3 LOGGINGS...................................................................................................................14
3.3.1 Voltage, current logger ................................................................................ 14
3.3.2 Power logger ............................................................................................... 14
3.3.3 Harmonics logger ........................................................................................ 14
3.3.4 Inrushes ...................................................................................................... 15
3.3.5 Voltage events ............................................................................................ 15
3.4 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................16
3.5 COMMUNICATION .......................................................................................................16
3.6 DISPLAY.......................................................................................................................16
3.7 NON - VOLATILE MEMORY .........................................................................................16
3.8 DC POWER SUPPLY ...................................................................................................16
3.8.1 Inserting batteries into the instrument ......................................................... 16
3.9 MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................18
3.9.1 Batteries ...................................................................................................... 18
3.9.2 Power supply considerations....................................................................... 19
3.9.3 Cleaning ...................................................................................................... 19
3.9.4 Periodic calibration...................................................................................... 19
3.9.5 Service ........................................................................................................ 19
3.9.6 Troubleshooting .......................................................................................... 19
4 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 20
4.1 INSTRUMENT MAIN MENU .........................................................................................21
4.2 SETUP MENU...............................................................................................................21
4.2.1 Instrument info ............................................................................................ 22
2
CONTENTS
4.2.2 Measuring setup.......................................................................................... 23

4.2.3 Communication ........................................................................................... 24
4.2.4 Time & Date ................................................................................................ 25
4.2.5 Language .................................................................................................... 25
4.2.6 Clear............................................................................................................ 26
4.3 SETTING DISPLAY CONTRAST AND BACKLIGHT ....................................................26
4.3.1 Setting contrast ........................................................................................... 26
4.3.2 Activating backlight...................................................................................... 27
5 U, I, F......................................................................................................................... 27
5.1 U,I,f METER FUNCTION.............................................................................................28
5.1.1 U,I,f – METER tabular screen ..................................................................... 28
5.1.2 U,I,f – SCOPE1 (single graph) screen ........................................................ 29
5.1.3 U,I,f – SCOPE2 (dual graph) screen ........................................................... 30
5.2 U,I,f LOGGER FUNCTION............................................................................................31
5.2.1 U,I,f – LOGGER SETUP screen ................................................................. 31
5.2.2 U,I,f – LOGGER RUN screens .................................................................... 32
5.2.3 U,I,f – LOGGER STOP1 screens................................................................ 33
5.2.4 U,I,f – LOGGER STOP2 screens................................................................ 35
6 POWER..................................................................................................................... 36
6.1 POWER METER FUNCTIONS .....................................................................................36
6.1.1 Power meter................................................................................................ 37
6.1.2 Power scope ............................................................................................... 38
6.2 POWER LOGGER FUNCTION.....................................................................................38
6.2.1 Power logger setup screen.......................................................................... 39
6.2.2 Power logger run screens ........................................................................... 40
6.2.3 Power logger stop screens.......................................................................... 41
7 HARMONICS ............................................................................................................ 43
7.1 HARMONICS METER FUNCTION................................................................................43
7.1.1 HARMONICS METER (tabular) screen....................................................... 44
7.1.2 HARMONICS SCOPE1 (single graph) screen ............................................ 45
7.1.3 HARMONICS SCOPE2 (dual graph) .......................................................... 45
7.2 THD LOGGER FUNCTION ...........................................................................................46
7.2.1 THD LOGGER SETUP screen.................................................................... 47
7.2.2 THD LOGGER RUN screens ...................................................................... 48
7.2.3 THD LOGGER LOG1 screens .................................................................... 49
7.2.4 THD LOGGER LOG2 screens .................................................................... 50
8 INRUSHES ................................................................................................................ 51
8.1 INRUSH LOGGER SETUP SCREEN............................................................................51
8.2 INRUSH LOGGER RUN SCREENS .............................................................................52
8.3 INRUSH LOGGER LOG1 SCREEN ..............................................................................53
8.4 INRUSH LOGGER LOG2 SCREEN ..............................................................................54
9 VOLTAGE EVENTS.................................................................................................. 56
9.1 VOLTAGE EVENTS LOGGER SETUP SCREEN .........................................................56
9.2 VOLTAGE EVENTS LOGGER RUN SCREEN .............................................................57
9.3 VOLTAGE EVENTS LOGGER STOP SCREENS .........................................................58
10 PHASE DIAGRAM .................................................................................................... 59
10.1 U – I PHASE DIAGRAM SCREEN ...............................................................................59
10.2 SYMMETRY PHASE DIAGRAM SCREEN....................................................................60
11 ENERGY ................................................................................................................... 60
11.1 ENERGY SETUP FUNCTION.......................................................................................60
3
CONTENTS
11.2 ENERGY RUN SCREEN...............................................................................................61

11.3 ENERGY stop SCREEN ...............................................................................................62
12 MEMORY LIST.......................................................................................................... 63
13 CONNECTION TO THE POWER SYSTEMS............................................................ 64
13.1 general recomMendations.............................................................................................64
13.2 Measuring set-up for current measurement ..................................................................66
14 THEORY AND INTERNAL OPERATION.................................................................. 67
14.1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................67
14.2 MEASUREMENT METHODS........................................................................................67
14.3 U,I,f ...............................................................................................................................67
14.4 POWER ........................................................................................................................68
14.5 HARMONICS ................................................................................................................70
14.6 INRUSHES ...................................................................................................................71
14.7 VOLTAGE EVENTS......................................................................................................72
14.8 PHASE DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................73
14.9 ENERGY.......................................................................................................................74
15 PowerQ Link PC SOFTWARE ................................................................................. 75
15.1 System requirements ....................................................................................................75
15.2 Installing PowerQ Link ..................................................................................................75
15.2.1 Install PowerQ Link software....................................................................... 75
15.2.2 Configure Power Link software ................................................................... 75
15.3 Connecting Power Q Plus instrument to PC ....................................................................76
15.4 Introducing PowerQ Link screen ...................................................................................76
15.5 Downloading data .........................................................................................................77
15.6 displaying data ..............................................................................................................80
15.6.1 Available functionalities............................................................................... 80
15.6.2 Scope graph................................................................................................ 81
15.6.3 Harmonics graph......................................................................................... 83
15.6.4 Logging graph ............................................................................................. 84
15.6.5 RMS Table .................................................................................................. 85
15.6.6 Phase diagram ............................................................................................ 86
15.6.7 Data table.................................................................................................... 87
15.6.8 Voltage events ............................................................................................ 88
4
GENERAL INFORMATION
1 Power Q Plus MI 2392
The Power Q Plus MI 2392 is a portable multifunction instrument for measurement and
analysis of three-phase power systems.
Fig. 1.1: Instrument MI2392 – Power Q Plus
1.1 MAIN FEATURES
• Comprehensive real time monitoring, logging and analysis of 3 phase (3ϕ) power
systems.
• Wide range of functions:
True RMS voltage,
True RMS current,
Power (Watt, VAr and VA),
Power factor,
Vector diagram,
Energy,
Power scope,
Harmonics analysis,
Inrushes,
Anomalies.
• In logging mode the measured values are logged for later analysis.
• Special logging modes for monitoring the quality of the observed supply system:
Waveforms,
Inrushes.
5
GENERAL INFORMATION
• Scope mode for displaying waveforms, both in real time and for stored waveform
analysis.
• Harmonics distortion analysis up to 50th harmonic, both on-line and on recorded
data.
• Energy monitoring and analysis.
• Internal rechargeable batteries.
• RS232 communication port for connection to a PC.
• Windows software for data analysis and instrument control.
1.2 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
General
To ensure operator safety while using the Power Q Plus MI 2392 and to minimize the risk
of damage to the instrument, please note the following general warnings:
The instrument has been designed to ensure maximum operator safety. Usage in
a way other than specified in this manual may increase the risk of harm to the
operator!
Do not use the instrument and/or any accessories if there is any damage visible!
The instrument contains no user serviceable parts. Only an authorized dealer

can carry out service or adjustment!
All normal safety precautions have to be taken in order to avoid risk of electric
shock when working on electrical installations!
Only use approved accessories which are available from your distributor!
Instrument contains rechargeable NiCd or NiMh batteries. The batteries should
only be replaced with the same type as defined on the battery placement label or
in this manual. Do not use standard batteries while power supply
adapter/charger is connected, otherwise they may explode!
Hazardous voltages exist inside the instrument. Disconnect all test leads,
remove the power supply cable and switch off the instrument before removing
battery compartment cover.
During very long charging (>16 h) in hot (40 °C) environment the battery holder
screw might reach maximum allowed temperature for metal part of handle. In
such environment it is advisable not to touch the battery cover during or
immediately after the charging.
Maximum voltage between single phase and neutral input is 550 VRMS (only one
phase input is used). Maximum voltage between multiple phase inputs and
neutral is 320 VRMS (three phase supply system).
6
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.3 APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Plus
The Power Q MI 2392 is designed in accordance with the following European
standards:
Safety:
• EN 61010-1 : 2001
Electromagnetic compatibility (emission and immunity):
• EN 61326 : 2002
Measurements according to the European standards:
• EN 61000-4-30 class B : 2003

• EN 50160 : 1999
Mark on your equipment certifies that this equipment meets the requirements of the EU
(European Union) concerning safety and interference causing equipment regulations
7
DESCRIPTION
2 DESCRIPTION
2.1 FRONT PANEL
2
4
5 3
6
8 7
Fig. 2.1: Front panel
Front panel layout:
1. LCD Graphic display with LED backlight, 160 x 160 pixels.

2. F1 – F4 Function keys.
3. ARROW keys Move cursor and select parameters.
4. ENTER key Confirms new settings, starts recording procedure.
5. MENU key Opens configuration menu.
6. ESC key Exits any procedure.
7. LIGHT key LCD backlight on/off (backlight automatically turns off after 30
seconds if no key action occurs).
If the LIGHT key is pressed for more then 1.5 seconds,
CONTRAST menu is displayed, and the contrast can be
adjusted with the LEFT and RIGHT keys.
8. ON-OFF key Turns on/off the instrument.
8
DESCRIPTION
2.2 CONNECTOR PANEL

1
2 • Use safety test leads only!

• Max. permissible voltage between voltage
input terminals and ground is 600 VRMS !
Fig. 2.2: Connector panel
Connector panel layout:
1 ....... Clamp-on current transformers/Current transformers (I1, I2, I3) input

terminals.
2 ....... Voltage (L1, L2, L3, N) input terminals.
1
2
Fig. 2.3: External power socket
1 ....... External power socket.

2 ....... DB9 - RS232 serial connector.
9
DESCRIPTION
2.3 BOTTOM VIEW
1 1
Fig. 2.4: Bottom view
Bottom view layout:
1. Screws (unscrew to open the instrument).

2. Battery compartment.
3. Battery compartment screw (unscrew to replace the batteries).
10
DESCRIPTION
2.4 ACCESSORIES
2.4.1 Standard accessories

See attached sheet for a list of standard accessories.
2.4.2 Optional accessories

See attached sheet for a list of optional accessories that are available on request from
your distributor.
11
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 MEASURING SYSTEM

Configuration 3-phase, 3xI, 3xU input
Sampling rate 5120 Hz @ 50 Hz
Basic calculation rates U,I,f 200 ms, no gaps
(METER, SCOPE, Harmonics 200 ms, 1.5/sec
LOGGER mode) Power 200 ms, no gaps
Energy 200 ms, no gaps
3.2 MEASUREMENTS
NOTE:
Error of voltage and current transducers is not considered in this specification!
3.2.1 Voltage
Input voltage range: Lx-N 550 VRMS (single phase), 320 VRMS (3 phase 4 wire)
Lx-Ly 550 VRMS
Input impedance: Lx-N 3 MΩ, Lx-Ly 3 MΩ
TRMS, AC+DC, Lx-N, Lx-Ly connection

Measuring (indication) range Resolution Accuracy Crest factor
Range 1: 3.0 (0.0) VRMS ÷ 70.0 VRMS ±(1 % + 0.5 V)
Range 2: 5.0 (0.0) VRMS ÷ 130.0 VRMS 0.1 V ±(1 % + 0.8 V) 1.4 min
Range 3: 10.0 (0.0) VRMS ÷ 300.0 VRMS ±(1 % + 1.5 V)
Range 4: 20.0 (0.0) VRMS ÷ 550.0 VRMS ±(1 % + 2.5 V)
3.2.2 Current
Input impedance : 1 MΩ
TRMS, AC+DC
Measuring (indication) range Resolution Accuracy Crest factor
Range 1: 4.0 (0.0) mVRMS ÷ 100 mVRMS ±(2 % + 0.3 A)
(4 ÷ 100) A* 0.1 A 2.3 min
Range 2: 0.04 (0.00) VRMS ÷ 1 VRMS ±(2 % + 3 A)
(40 ÷ 1000) A*
* with current clamp A1033
3.2.3 Frequency
Measuring range Resolution Accuracy
45.00 Hz ÷ 66.00 Hz 10 mHz ±(0.5 % + 0.02 Hz)
12
3.2.4 Power (W, VA, VAR)

Product of Measuring range Resolution
Urange, UinpK, (W, VA, Var) (W, VA, Var) Accuracy* Comment
Irange and IinpK
7 ÷ 999 0.000 k ÷ 0.999 k 1
1,000 ÷ 9,999 0.00 k ÷ 9.99 k 10
10,000 ÷ 999,999 0.0 k ÷ 999.9 k 100

1,000,000 ÷
0.000 M ÷ 9.999 M 1k Four
9,999,999
±(3 % + 3 dig) quadrant
10,000,000 ÷ results
0.00 M ÷ 99.99 M 10 k
99,999,999
100,000,000 ÷
0.0 M ÷ 999.9 M 100 k
999,999,999
1,000,000,000 ÷
0.000 G ÷ 9.999 G 1M
9,999,999,999
10,000,000,000 ÷
0.00 G ÷ 40.00 G 10 M
40,000,000,000
*Accuracies are valid if cos φ ≥ 0.40, PF ≥ 0.40, I ≥ 10 % IN and U ≥ 10 % UN, otherwise stated
accuracies should be multiplied by two.
3.2.5 Power factor

Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Comment
0.00 ÷ 0.39 0.01 ±0.06 Four quadrant results
3.2.6 Cosinus φ
Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Comment
3.2.7 Energy (Wh, VAh, VArh)

Product of Measuring range Resolution
Urange, UinpK, (Wh, VAh, Varh) (Wh, VAh, Accuracy* Comment
Irange and IinpK Varh)
7 ÷ 999 ±(3 % + 3 Wh)
1,000 ÷ 9,999 ±(3 % + 30 Wh)

0.000 k ÷ Four
40,000,000.000 k 1 quadrant
10,000 ÷ 999,999 ±(3 % + 300 Wh)
results
1,000,000 ÷
±(3 % + 3 kWh)
9,999,999
13
10,000,000 ÷
±(3 % + 30 kWh)
99,999,999
100,000,000 ÷
±(3 % + 300 kWh) Four
999,999,999 0.000 k ÷
1 quadrant
1,000,000,000 ÷ 40,000,000.000 k
±(3 % + 3 MWh) results
9,999,999,999
10,000,000,000 ÷
±(3 % + 30 MWh)
40,000,000,000
*Accuracies are valid if cos φ ≥ 0.40, PF ≥ 0.40, I ≥ 10 % IN and U ≥ 10 % UN, otherwise stated
accuracies should be multiplied by two.
3.2.8 Voltage harmonics

Measuring range Resolution Accuracy
UM > 3 % UN 0.1 % 5 % UM (3 % for DC)
UM < 3 % UN 0.1 % 0.15 % UN
UN: nominal voltage (TRMS)
UM: measured harmonic voltage hM: 1st ÷ 50th
3.2.9 Current harmonics

Harmonics range Resolution Accuracy
IM > 3 % IN 0.1 % 5 % IM (3 % for DC)
IM < 3 % IN 0.1 % 0.15 % IN
IN: nominal range (TRMS)
IM: harmonic current hM: 1st ÷ 50th
3.3 LOGGINGS
3.3.1 Voltage, current logger

Signals: selectable U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3
Interval: selectable, (1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30) sec, (1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30) min
Logger length: depends on selected interval (calculated time is displayed)
Displayed data: average, min and max value of interval
Accuracy: refer to chapter Technical specifications / Voltage, Current
3.3.2 Power logger

Signals: selectable L1, L2, L3,TOT
Displayed data: average, min and max value of interval (for all four quadrants)
Accuracy: refer to chapter Technical specifications / Power
3.3.3 Harmonics logger

Signals: selectable THDI1, THDI2, THDI3, THDU1, THDU2, THDU3
14

Displayed data: average, min and max value of interval (for all four quadrants)
Accuracy : refer to chapter Technical specifications / Voltage harmonics,
Current harmonics
3.3.4 Inrushes
Signals: selectable U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3
Interval: selectable, (10, 20, 100, 200) ms
Trigger channels: I1, I2, I3
Trigger level: selectable, 2 % ÷ 100 % of current range (in steps of 0.1 % of
current range),
Displayed data: average, min and max value of interval
Voltage
Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Crest factor
Range 1: 5.0 VRMS ÷ 70.0 VRMS ±(5 % + 1 V)
Range 2: 10.0 VRMS ÷ 130.0 VRMS ±(5 % + 1.5 V)
0.1 V 1.4 min
Range 3: 20.0 VRMS ÷ 300.0 VRMS ±(5 % + 3 V)
Range 4: 30.0 VRMS ÷ 550.0 VRMS ±(5 % + 5 V)
Current
Range 1: 4.0 (0.0) mVRMS ÷ 100 ±(5 % + 0.6 A)
mVRMS (4 ÷ 100) A
0.1 A 2.3 min
Range 2: 0.04 (0.00) VRMS ÷ 1 VRMS ±(5 % + 6 A)
(40 ÷ 1000) A
3.3.5 Voltage events

Signals: selectable U1, U2, U3
Swell limit: (1 % ÷ 35 %) .UN
Dip limit: (-35 % ÷ -1 %) . UN
Interruption limit: (1 % ÷ 20 %) . UN
Logging time: manual stop, (1, 2, 5, 10, 30) min,
(1, 2, 5, 10, 30, 50, 75) hour,
Hysteresis: 1 % of UN.
Voltage
Range 1: 5.0 VRMS ÷ 70.0 VRMS ±(5 % + 1 V)
Range 2: 10.0 VRMS ÷ 130.0 VRMS ±(5 % + 1.5 V)
0.1 V 1.4 min
Range 3: 20.0 VRMS ÷ 300.0 VRMS ±(5 % + 3 V)
Range 4: 30.0 VRMS ÷ 550.0 VRMS ±(5 % + 5 V)
15
3.4 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Working temperature range: -10 °C ÷ +55 °C
Storage temperature range: -20 °C ÷ +70 °C
Max. humidity: 95 % RH (0 °C ÷ 40 °C), non-condensing
Pollution degree: 2
Protection classification: double insulation
Over voltage category: voltage inputs: CAT III 600 V
Protection degree: IP 42
Dimensions: (220 x 115 x 90) mm
Weight (without accessories): 0.65 kg
External DC supply: 12 V, 400 mA min
Maximum power consumption: 360 mA
3.5 COMMUNICATION
Communication type: RS232 serial interface
Baud rate: 2400 baud ÷ 115200 baud
Connector: 9 pin D-type
3.6 DISPLAY
Display: graphic liquid crystal display with backlight, 160 x 160 dots.
3.7 NON - VOLATILE MEMORY

512 kB Flash
3.8 DC POWER SUPPLY

Internal 6 x 1.2 V NiCd or NiMh rechargeable AA batteries provide full operation for up
to 12 hours.
Nominal charging time is 16 hours. The charging time and the operating hours are
given for batteries with a nominal capacity of 2100 mAh.
Use only charger supplied by Metrel.

Disconnect power supply adapter if you use standard batteries.
3.8.1 Inserting batteries into the instrument

1. Make sure that the power supply adapter/charger and measurement leads
are disconnected and the instrument is off.
2. Insert batteries as shown in figure bellow (insert batteries correctly, otherwise
the instrument will not operate and the batteries could be discharged or
damaged).
16
Fig. 3.1: Battery placement
3. Turn the display side of the instrument lower than the battery holder (see
figure below) and put the cover on the batteries.
Fig. 3.2: Closing the battery holder
4. Screw the cover on the instrument.
If the instrument is not to be used for a long period of time remove all batteries
from the battery holder. The enclosed batteries can supply the instrument for approx.
12 hours.
Warnings!
• When battery cells have to be replaced, turn off the instrument before
opening battery compartment cover.
• Hazardous voltages exist inside the instrument. Disconnect all test leads
and remove the power supply cable before removing battery compartment
cover.
• Use only power supply adapter/charger delivered from manufacturer or
distributor of the equipment to avoid possible fire or electric shock.
• Rechargeable NiCd or NiMH batteries (size AA) are recommended. The
charging time and the operating hours are given for batteries with a
nominal capacity of 2100 mAh.
• Do not use standard batteries while power supply adapter/charger is
connected, otherwise they may explode!
• Do not mix batteries of different types, brands, ages, or charge levels.
• When charging batteries for the first time, make sure to charge batteries
for at least 16 hours before switching on the instrument.
17
3.9 MAINTENANCE
3.9.1 Batteries
Instrument contains rechargeable NiCd or NiMh batteries. These batteries should only
be replaced with the same type as defined on the battery placement label or in this
manual.
If it is necessary to replace batteries, all six have to be replaced. Ensure that the
batteries are inserted with the correct polarity; incorrect polarity can damage the
batteries and/or the instrument.
There may exist special environmental regulations concerning the disposal of the
batteries. These have to be followed.
PRECAUTIONS ON CHARGING NEW BATTERIES OR BATTERIES UNUSED FOR A
LONGER PERIOD
Unpredictable chemical processes can occur during charging new batteries or batteries
that were unused for a longer period of time (more than 3 months). NiMH and NiCd
batteries are affected to a various degree (sometimes called as memory effect). As a
result the instrument operation time can be significantly reduced at the initial
charging/discharging cycles.
Therefore it is recommended:
- To completely charge the batteries (at least 14h with in built charger).
- To completely discharge the batteries (can be performed with normal working with the
instrument).
- Repeating the charge/discharge cycle for at least two times (four cycles are
recommended).
When using external intelligent battery chargers one complete discharging /charging
cycle is performed automatically.
After performing this procedure a normal battery capacity is restored. The operation
time of the instrument now meets the data in the technical specifications.
NOTES
The charger in the instrument is a pack cell charger. This means that the batteries are
connected in series during the charging so all batteries has to be in similar shape
(similarly charged, same type and age).
Even one deteriorated battery (or just of an another type) can cause an improper
charging of the entire battery pack (heating of the battery pack, significantly decreased
operation time).
If no improvement is achieved after performing several charging/discharging cycles the
shape of individual batteries should be determined (by comparing battery voltages,
checking them in a cell charger etc). It is very likely that only some of the batteries are
deteriorated.
The effects described above should not be mixed with normal battery capacity
decrease over time. All charging batteries lose some of their capacity when repeatedly
charged/discharged. The actual decrease of capacity versus number of charging cycles
depends on battery type and is provided in the technical specification of batteries
provided by battery manufacturer.
18
3.9.2 Power supply considerations

When using the original power supply adapter/charger A1083 the instrument is fully
operational immediately after switching it on. The batteries are charged at the same
time, nominal charging time is 16 hours.
The batteries are charged whenever the power supply adapter/charger is connected to
the instrument. Inbuilt protection circuit controls the charging procedure and assure
maximal battery lifetime.
If the instrument is left without batteries and charger for more than 10 minutes, time and
date settings are reset.
3.9.3 Cleaning
To clean the surface of the instrument use a soft cloth slightly moistened with soapy
water or alcohol. Then leave the instrument to dry totally before use.
• Do not use liquids based on petrol or hydrocarbons!
• Do not spill cleaning liquid over the instrument!
3.9.4 Periodic calibration

To ensure correct measurement, it is essential that the instrument is regularly
calibrated. If used continuously on a daily basis, a six-month calibration period is
recommended, otherwise annual calibration is sufficient.
3.9.5 Service
For repairs under or out of warranty please contact your Metrel distributor for further
information.
3.9.6 Troubleshooting
If Esc button is pressed when switching on the instrument, the instrument will not start.
You have to remove batteries and put them back. After that the instrument starts
normally.
Manufacturer address:
METREL d.d.
Ljubljanska 77,
SI-1354 Horjul,
Slovenia
Tel: +(386) 1 75 58 200

Fax: +(386) 1 75 49 095
Email: [email protected]
http://www.metrel.si
19
OPERATION MANUAL
Operation manual
4 GENERAL
This section describes how to operate the instrument.
The instrument front panel consists of a graphic LCD display and keypad. Measured
data and instrument status are shown on the display.
Fig. 4.1: Keypad
Freezes display in METER and SCOPE functions.

Starts, stops and saves logging in LOGGER modes.
Switches to previous memory position in MEMORY LIST mode.
Switches between displaying available voltage, current and power signals in
METER, SCOPE and LOGGER (except POWER LOGGER) functions.
Switches between displaying available power signals in POWER LOGGER.
Clears currently selected memory position.
Saves frozen display in METER and SCOPE functions.
Clears just finished logging in LOGGER modes.
Selects or deselects channels in LOGGER setting modes.
Toggles between logging display and settings during logging function.
Switches to next memory position in MEMORY LIST mode.
Switches between SCOPE, METER and LOGGER screens.
Toggles between motor and generator signals in POWER LOGGER.
Shows currently selected memory position in MEMORY LIST mode.
Switches between displaying voltages, currents and voltage–current pairs in
SCOPE and LOGGER (except POWER LOGGER) functions.
Switches between displaying odd, even and all harmonics.
Scale displayed waveform by amplitude in SCOPE screens.
Scroll over individual harmonics in HARMONICS mode.
Scroll over memory positions in MEMORY LIST mode.
Select measuring mode or any other submenu.
Scale displayed waveform by base – time in SCOPE screens.
Scroll the cursor along logged data in LOGGER mode.
20
OPERATION MANUAL
Opens sub menu.
Exits any procedure.

Returns to the MAIN MENU.
Backlight on/off (Backlight automatically turns off after 30 seconds if no key
action occurs and instrument has only battery supply).
If the LIGHT key is pressed for more then 1.5 seconds, CONTRAST menu is
displayed, and the contrast can be adjusted with the LEFT and RIGHT keys.
Switches the instrument on and off.
4.1 INSTRUMENT MAIN MENU

After powering on the instrument the MAIN MENU is displayed. From this menu all
instrument functions can be selected.
To switch off the instrument ON-OFF key has to be pressed. All recorded data is saved
in non-volatile memory.
Fig. 4.2: MAIN MENU
Keys:
Select function from the MAIN MENU.
Enters selected function.
4.2 SETUP MENU

From the SETUP menu general instrument parameters can be reviewed, configured
and saved.
21
OPERATION MANUAL
Fig. 4.3: SETUP menu

Options:
Instrument info Information about the instrument.
Measuring setup Select measurement parameters.
Communication Select communication baud rate.
Time & Date Set time and date.
Language Select language.
Clear Clear memory or energy counters.
Keys:
Select function from the SETUP menu.
Enters the selected item.
Back to the MAIN MENU.
4.2.1 Instrument info

Basic information concerning the instrument can be viewed in this menu: company,
user data, serial number, firmware version and hardware version.
Fig. 4.4: INSTRUMENT INFO screen
22
OPERATION MANUAL
Keys:
Back to the SETUP menu.
4.2.2 Measuring setup
Fig. 4.5: MEASURING SETUP screen
Description
input voltage range Input voltage ranges (70 V, 130 V, 300 V and
U range
550 V)
Scaling factor for voltage inputs.
voltage By using this factor external voltage transformers or
transformation ratio dividers are taken into account, so readings are
related to the primary.
Example: for 11 kV / 110 V transformer the scaling
U inp.K factor has to be set to 100.
Standard and default value is 1(no external device is
used). At 300 V and 550 V range the U inp. K is
automatically set to 1.
Maximum value is limited to 4000.
Displayed full scale voltage range is Unomin. * Uinp.K..
Input current range (100 A - equivalent to 0.1 V
I range
input current range input signal, 1000 A - equivalent to 1 V input signal).
Scaling factor for current inputs.
current By using this factor external current transformers or
transformation ratio dividers are taken into account, so readings are
related to the primary.
I inp.K Standard and default value is 1 (no external device
is used).
Maximum value is limited to 2000.
Minimum value is 0.001.
Displayed full scale current range is Inomin. * Iinp.K..
frequency Frequency synchronisation input (U1, U2, U3, I1, I2
Sync synchronisation or I3). U1 is used by default.
input
23
OPERATION MANUAL
Method of connecting the instrument to 3 phase

systems.
type of voltage 4W: 3-phase 4-wire system (with neutral conductor).
Conn. All voltage and current inputs are used.
connection
3W: 3-phase 3-wire system (without neutral
conductor), 3 current transformers are used.
Default default measuring U range: 300 V; U inp.K: 1; I range: 1000 A;
parame parameters I inp.K: 1; Sync: U1; Conn: 4W
ters
Keys:
Change input voltage range.
Select measuring parameter.
Confirms the selected speed.
4.2.3 Communication
RS232 communication speed can be set in this menu.
Fig. 4.6: COMMUNICATION screen
Keys:
Change communication speed from 1200 baud to 115200 baud.
Confirms the selected speed.
24
OPERATION MANUAL
4.2.4 Time & Date

Time and date can be set in this menu.
Fig. 4.7: TIME & DATE screen

Keys:
Select hour, minute, second, day, mount or year to be set.
Change value of the selected item.
Confirms changes and returns to the SETUP menu.
Back to the SETUP menu without changing time and date.
4.2.5 Language
Different languages can be selected in this menu.
Fig. 4.8: LANGUAGE screen

Keys:
Select language.
Confirms the selected language.
25
OPERATION MANUAL
4.2.6 Clear
Instrument memory and energy counters can be cleared in this menu.
Fig. 4.9: CLEAR screen

Select “Memory” or “Energy counters” to be cleared.
Confirms the selected option.
4.3 SETTING DISPLAY CONTRAST AND BACKLIGHT

4.3.1 Setting contrast
Contrast can be set from any menu by pressing and holding the LIGHT key for 1.5 sec.
The CONTRAST dialog will open (see figure below).
Fig. 4.10: Example of CONTRAST dialog

Keys:
Change the contrast level.
Confirms set contrast and exits dialog box.
Exit dialog box without changes.
26
OPERATION MANUAL
4.3.2 Activating backlight
Backlight can be switched on/off anytime by pressing the LIGHT key. If backlight is lit
and there is no key activity during 30 seconds, backlight is switched off.
5 U, I, F
All important voltage, current and frequency parameters in a 3-phase system can be
observed in the U,I,f MENU. The results can be viewed in a tabelaric (METER) or two
graphic (SCOPE1, SCOPE2) forms.
The LOGGER function allows to log the signals over a predefined time frame. Maximal,
minimum and average values of each interval are stored.
All results can be saved to the instrument memory.
Fig. 5.1: U,I,f – menu
Options:
U,I,f Meter Tabular or graphic presentation of U,I,f quantities.
U,I,f Logger Histograms of U,I,f quantities.
Measuring setup Shortcut to the MEASURING SETUP menu.
Main Menu Back to the MAIN menu.
Keys:
Enters the U,I,f MENU.
Select measuring mode.
Enters selected function.
Back to the MAIN MENU.
27
OPERATION MANUAL
Switching between U,I,f - METER and U,I,f - LOGGER function can be performed by
pressing MENU key in any screen (METER, SCOPE or LOGGER).
If voltage and current results are out of input range, the results are shown in
inverted form.
5.1 U,I,F METER FUNCTION

The U,I,f - METER function consists of three sections:
− U,I,f - METER screen, data in tabular form,

− U,I,f - SCOPE1 screen, presentation of signals in graphical form, one graph,
− U,I,f - SCOPE2 screen, presentation of signals in graphical form, two graphs.
5.1.1 U,I,f – METER tabular screen

By entering U,I,f MENU from MAIN MENU the U,I,f - METER tabular screen is shown
by default (see figure below).
The display format and units (V, kV, A, kA) are automatically selected according to the
measured values. The following quantities are displayed:
• Phase-neutral RMS voltage (U1, U2, U3) or phase-phase RMS voltage (U12, U23,
U13),
• Phase RMS current (I1, I2, I3),
• Voltage and current total harmonic distortion (ThdU, ThdI),
• System frequency (Freq, shown in the column of selected synchronisation input).
Fig. 5.2: U,I,f - METER tabular screen
Keys:
Toggles between HOLD (the results are frozen on the display) and
RUN (results are updated once per second) modes.
Toggles between LL (phase-phase) and LN (phase-neutral) RMS
voltages.
Saves displayed values in non-volatile memory (in HOLD mode).
28
OPERATION MANUAL
Switches from METER tabular screen to SCOPE1 graphic (single

scope) screen.
Opens the dialog box for selecting U,I,f - METER, U,I,f - LOGGER
or MEASURING SETUP.
Back to the U,I,f - METER.
5.1.2 U,I,f – SCOPE1 (single graph) screen

This function displays signal waveforms together with their summary details (see figure
below).
Available signal combinations are:
UX single voltage (x = 1 ÷ 3).

IX single current (x = 1 ÷ 3).
UXIX single voltage and current pairs (x = 1 ÷ 3).
U1U2U3 all phase voltages.
I1I2I3 all phase currents.
Up to 10 signal periods of each signal can be observed.

The displayed signals are auto-scaled by default.
Fig. 5.3: U,I,f - SCOPE screen
Keys:
Selects U (voltages), I (currents) and U+I (voltage – current pairs)
for display.
29
OPERATION MANUAL
Switches from SCOPE1 single scope screen to SCOPE2 dual

scope screen.
Selects voltage and current combinations for display (see list of
available signal combinations).
Scale displayed waveform by amplitude.
Scale time base of displayed waveform. 32 ms is used by default.

If the scaling is set to display 32 ms and instrument is in HOLD
mode, further use of RIGHT & LEFT keys scrolls waveform
through its 10 periods.
Opens the dialog box to select U,I,f - METER, U,I,f - LOGGER,
MAIN MENU or MEASURING SETUP.
5.1.3 U,I,f – SCOPE2 (dual graph) screen

This function displays two signal waveforms together with the belonging summary
details for each waveform (see figure below).
UXIY single voltage and current pairs (x,y = 1 ÷ 3)
The U,I,f – dual screen feature allows viewing signal pairs of different sources
simultaneously thus enabling comparison of signals.
Up to 10 signal periods can be observed.
The displayed signals are auto-scaled by default.
Fig. 5.4: U,I,f – SCOPE (dual) screen
30
OPERATION MANUAL
Keys:
Toggles between upper graph U (voltages) and lower graph I
(currents).
Switches from SCOPE2 graphic (dual scope) screen to METER

tabular screen.
Selects between U1, U2, U3 for voltages and I1, I2, I3 for currents.
Scale displayed current waveform by amplitude.
Scale time base of displayed waveform. 32 ms is used by default.

If the scaling is set to display 32 ms and instrument is in HOLD mode,
further use of RIGHT & LEFT keys scrolls waveform through its 10 periods.
Opens the dialog box to select U,I,f - METER, U,I,f - LOGGER, MAIN
MENU or MEASURING SETUP.
5.2 U,I,F LOGGER FUNCTION

The U,I,f LOGGER function consists of 4 screen sections:
− U,I,f - LOGGER SETUP screen, logger parameters setup,
− U,I,f - LOGGER RUN screen, running histogram,
− U,I,f - LOGGER STOP1 screen, review of logged signals, one histogram,
− U,I,f - LOGGER STOP2 screen, review of logged signals, two histograms.
5.2.1 U,I,f – LOGGER SETUP screen

After selecting U,I,f LOGGER in U,I,f MENU the U,I,f – LOGGER setup screen is shown
(see figure below).
In this menu different logging parameters can be set.
Fig. 5.5: U,I,f – LOGGER setup screen
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OPERATION MANUAL
Settings:
Logging interval setup (from 1 sec to 30 min). Total
Interval
logging time is displayed in “Duration” field.
Selection of signals for logging.
Duration Total logging time (indicator only).

Actual time and date (can be set in SETUP menu, see
Time & Date
chapter 5.2.4).
Keys:
Starts logging. The U,I,f LOGGER RUN screen is displayed.
Toggles between ON (selected) and OFF (deselected) of highlighted

logging signal (if SIGNALS dialog box is opened).
Opens SIGNALS dialog box (if “Signals” is selected). In this dialog box
the individual signal can be selected for logging.
Select “Interval” and “Signals” options.
Scroll between voltages and currents (if SIGNALS dialog box is
opened).
Change interval period (in “Interval” setup).
Select individual U or I signal (in SIGNALS dialog box).
Returns to U,I,f MENU.
Returns to U,I,f MENU.

Closes the SIGNALS dialog box (if SIGNALS dialog box is open).
5.2.2 U,I,f – LOGGER RUN screens

When the user starts logging this screen opens automatically.
In this function signal histograms together with the belonging summary details are
displayed.
UXminUXmaxUXavg single voltage (x = 1 ÷ 3).

IXminIXmaxIXavg single current (x = 1 ÷ 3).
UXavgIXavg single voltage and current pairs (x = 1 ÷ 3).
U1avgU2avgU3avg all phase average voltages.
I1avgI2avgI3avg all phase average currents.
In the upper data field the following values are displayed:

- Minimum, maximum and average data of the last concluded interval,
- Elapsed time.
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OPERATION MANUAL
Data of all concluded intervals are displayed as a graphical histogram too. The latest
interval appears on the right and rolls to the left as new intervals are concluded and
displayed. The measurement is completed when the first interval data reaches the left
side of the display (after 150 intervals) or if stopped manually.
The displayed histograms are always auto-scaled by default. Unlike in the scope modes
the signals can not be scaled manually.
Fig. 5.6: U,I,f – LOGGER RUN screen
Keys:
Stops logging. U,I,f LOGGER STOP1 screens is opened. Otherwise the
logging is finished after completion of 150 intervals.
Selects displaying U (voltages), I (currents) and U+I (voltage – current
pairs).
Shows preset parameters (see figure below).
Selects voltage and current combinations for display (see list of available
signal combinations).
Fig. 5.7: U,I,f – LOGGER SETTINGS screen
5.2.3 U,I,f – LOGGER STOP1 screens
This function becomes active after a logging is completed or if logging is stopped by

user.
33
OPERATION MANUAL
The recorded signal trace can be scrolled and reviewed with a cursor.
UXminUXmaxUXavg single voltage (x = 1 ÷ 3)
UXavgIXavg single voltage and current pairs (x = 1 ÷ 3).
Data are displayed in graphical (logger histogram) and in numeric (interval data) form.
The following values can be displayed in the upper data field:
- Minimum, maximum and average data of the interval selected with the cursor,
- Elapsed time of the selected interval.
Complete trace of a selected signal can be viewed in the histogram.
The results can be saved to the instrument memory.
Fig. 5.8: U,I,f - LOGGER STOP1 screen
Keys:
Saves logged data to non-volatile memory.
Selects U (voltages), I (currents) and U+I (voltage–current pairs) for

display.
Clears logged values and returns to U,I,f LOGGER SETUP screen.
Switches between single and dual histogram display.
Selects voltage and current combinations for display (see table of

Scroll the cursor along logged data.
Opens the U,I,f MENU (described in chapter 6).
34
OPERATION MANUAL
5.2.4 U,I,f – LOGGER STOP2 screens

In this function two displayed histograms can be scrolled through with a cursor,
reviewed and compared.
UXminUXmaxUXavg single voltage (x = 1 ÷ 3).
Data are displayed in graphical (2 histograms) and in numeric (interval data) form.
The following values can be displayed in the upper data field:
- Minimum, maximum and average data of the interval selected with the cursor (of the
active histogram),
- Elapsed time of the selected interval (of the active histogram).
Complete trace of a selected signal can be reviewed in the active histogram.
The results can be saved to the instrument memory.
Fig. 5.9: U,I,f - LOGGER STOP2 screen
Keys:
Saves logged data to non-volatile memory (together with
histograms).
Toggles between upper (voltage) and lower (current) histograms.
Switches between dual and single histogram display.
Selects voltage and current combinations for display (see list of

Scroll the cursor along logged data (on the active histogram).
Opens the U,I,f MENU (described in chapter 6).
35
OPERATION MANUAL
6 POWER
Active power is divided into two parts: import (positive) and export (negative). Reactive
power and power factor are divided into four quantities: positive inductive (+i), positive
capacitive (+c), negative inductive (-i) and negative capacitive (-c). Neutral conductor
current (I0) is ignored when measuring in 3-wire connection.
Fig.6.1: POWER MENU screen
Options:
Power Meter Tabular or graphic presentation of power quantities.
Power Logger Histograms of power quantities.
Main Menu Back to the MAIN MENU.
Keys:
Select measuring mode.
Enters selected mode.
Back to the POWER METER.
To activate POWER MENU press the MENU key in any POWER METER screen.
inverted form.
6.1 POWER METER FUNCTIONS

The POWER METER function consists of two screen sections:
− POWER - METER screen, data in tabular form,
− POWER - SCOPE screen, graphic presentation of measured voltages or currents
with displayed quantities of P, Q and S.
36
OPERATION MANUAL
6.1.1 Power meter
By entering POWER from MAIN MENU the POWER METER tabular screen is shown
(see figure below).
Fig. 6.2: POWER METER screens
The display format and units are automatically ranged according to the measured
values. The following quantities are displayed:
• Active power for each phase (P) or total active power (PTOT),
• Reactive power for each phase (Q) or total reactive power (QTOT),
• Apparent power for each phase (S) or total apparent power (STOT),
• Phase RMS voltage (UL) and/or phase-to-phase RMS voltage (ULL),
• Phase RMS current (IL),
• Power factor for each phase (PF) or total power factor (PFTOT),
• Cosinus φ factor (cos), for each phase.
Keys:
Toggles between PHASE and TOTAL POWER screens.
Switches from METER to SCOPE screen
Opens the POWER MENU (described in chapter 7).
Returns to the MAIN MENU
37
OPERATION MANUAL
6.1.2 Power scope

This function displays selected phase voltage and current waveforms together with
values of P, Q and S (see figure below). The displayed signals are auto-scaled.
Fig. 6.3: POWER SCOPE screen
Keys:
Toggles between U and I traces.
Saves momentary quantity values in non-volatile memory (in HOLD

mode).
Changes from POWER SCOPE screen to POWER METER screen.
Toggles between phases.
Scale displayed waveform by amplitude.
Scale time base of displayed waveforms.

If this scaling is set to show 32 ms and instrument is in HOLD mode,
further usage of RIGHT & LEFT keys scrolls waveform through its
10 periods.
6.2 POWER LOGGER FUNCTION

The POWER LOGGER function consists of 4 sections:
− POWER LOGGER setup screen, logger parameters setup,
− POWER LOGGER screen, running histogram,
− POWER LOGGER STOP1 screen, review of logged signals, one histogram,
− POWER LOGGER STOP2 screen, review of logged signals, two histograms.
38
OPERATION MANUAL
6.2.1 Power logger setup screen
After selecting POWER LOGGER in POWER MENU the POWER LOGGER SETUP
screen is shown (see figure below).
Fig. 6.4: POWER LOGGER setup
Settings:
Logging interval setup (from 1 sec to 30 min). Total
Interval
logging time is displayed in “Duration” field.

Actual time and date (can be set in SETUP menu, see
Time & Date
chapter 5.2.4).
Keys:
Starts logging. The POWER LOGGER RUN screen is displayed.
Toggles between ON (selected) and OFF (deselected) for

highlighted logging signal (if SIGNALS dialog box is opened).
Opens SIGNALS dialog box (if “Signals” is selected). In this dialog
box the individual signals can be selected for logging.
Select “Interval” and “Signals” settings.
Select logging signal (in SIGNALS dialog box).
Change interval period (in INTERVAL setup).
Select logging signal (in SIGNALS dialog box).
39
OPERATION MANUAL
Returns to the POWER MENU.
Returns to the POWER MENU.
6.2.2 Power logger run screens

When the user starts logging, this screen opens automatically.
In this function signal histograms together with the belonging details are displayed.
Fig. 6.5: POWER LOGGER RUN screen (motor)
PXminPXmaxPXavg single phase active power (x = 1 ÷ 3).

QXiminQXimaxQXiavg single phase inductive reactive power (x = 1 ÷ 3).
QXcminQXcmaxQXcavg single phase capacitive reactive power (x = 1 ÷ 3).
SXminSXmaxSXavg single phase apparent power (x = 1 ÷ 3).
PFXiminPFXimaxPFXiavg single phase inductive power factor (x = 1 ÷ 3).
PFXcminPFXcmaxPFXcavg single phase capacitive power factor (x = 1 ÷ 3).
UXminUXmaxUXavg single phase voltage (x = 1 ÷ 3).
IXminIXmaxIXavg single phase current (x = 1 ÷ 3).
P1avgP2avgP3avg average active power for all phases.
Q1iavgQ2iavgQ3iavg average inductive reactive power for all phases.
Q1cavgQ2cavgQ3cavg average capacitive reactive power for all phases.
S1avgS2avgS3avg average apparent power for all phases.
U1avgU2avgU3avg average voltage for all phases.
I1avgI2avgI3avg average current for all phases.
PTOTminPTOTmaxPTOTavg total active power.
QiTOTminQiTOTmaxQcTOTavg total capacitive reactive power.
QcTOTminQcTOTmaxQcTOTavg total inductive reactive power.
STOTminSTOTmaxSTOTavg total apparent power.
ETOT total energy.
All signals can be displayed in GENERATOR (generated (-)) or MOTOR (absorbed (+))
mode.
40
OPERATION MANUAL
Data of all concluded intervals are displayed as a graphical histogram too. The latest
interval appears on the right and rolls to the left as new intervals are concluded and
displayed. The measurement is completed when the first interval reaches the left side
of the display (after 150 intervals) or if stopped manually.
The displayed histograms are always auto-scaled. Unlike in the scope modes the
signals can not be scaled manually.
Keys:
Stops logging. U,I,f LOGGER STOP1 screens is opened. Otherwise
the logging is finished after completion of 150 intervals.
Shows preset parameters.
Selects available combination of signals for display.

Changes from POWER LOGGER MOTOR screens to POWER
LOGGER GENERATOR screens.
6.2.3 Power logger stop screens

This function becomes active after a logging is complete.
The recorded signal trace can be scrolled through and reviewed with a cursor.
Fig. 6.6: POWER LOGGER MOTOR screen
PXminPXmaxPXavg single phase active power (x = 1 ÷ 3).

QXiminQXimaxQXiavg single phase inductive reactive power (x = 1 ÷ 3).
QXcminQXcmaxQXcavg single phase capacitive reactive power (x = 1 ÷ 3).
SXminSXmaxSXavg single phase apparent power (x = 1 ÷ 3).
PFXiminPFXimaxPFXiavg single phase inductive power factor (x = 1 ÷ 3).
PFXcminPFXcmaxPFXcavg single phase capacitive power factor (x = 1 ÷ 3).
UXminUXmaxUXavg single phase voltage (x = 1 ÷ 3).
IXminIXmaxIXavg single phase current (x = 1 ÷ 3).
P1avgP2avgP3avg average active power for all phases.
Q1iavgQ2iavgQ3iavg average inductive reactive power for all phases.
41
OPERATION MANUAL
Q1cavgQ2cavgQ3cavg average capacitive reactive power for all phases.

S1avgS2avgS3avg average apparent power for all phases.
U1avgU2avgU3avg average voltage for all phases.
I1avgI2avgI3avg average current for all phases.
PTOTminPTOTmaxPTOTavg total active power.
QiTOTminQiTOTmaxQcTOTavg total capacitive reactive power.
QcTOTminQcTOTmaxQcTOTavg total inductive reactive power.
STOTminSTOTmaxSTOTavg total apparent power.
ETOT total energy.
All signals can be displayed in GENERATOR (generated (-)) or MOTOR (absorbed (+))
mode.
Complete trace of selected signal can be viewed in the histogram.
Fig. 6.7: POWER LOGGER GENERATOR screen
Keys:
Selects P, Qi, Qc, S, PFi, PFc, TOT, U, I, ENG.
Clears logged values and returns to the POWER LOGGER SETUP

screen.
Changes from POWER LOGGER MOTOR screens to POWER
LOGGER GENERATOR screens.
Scroll cursor along logged data.
Data at cursor along with time is shown on the top lines.
42
OPERATION MANUAL
7 HARMONICS
Any periodic deviation of a pure sinusoidal voltage waveform can be presented with
sum of sinusoids of power frequency and its integer multiples. Power frequency is
called fundamental frequency. Sinusoidal wave with frequency k times higher that
fundamental (k is an integer) is called harmonic wave and is denoted with amplitude
and a phase shift (phase angle) to a fundamental frequency signal.
Calculation called discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) or its faster version fast Fourier
transformation (FFT) is used to translate a sequence of input data to sinusoidal
components.
Harmonics function displays the results of fast Fourier transformation (FFT) calculations
in numeric and graphic mode.
Fig. 7.1: HARMONICS MENU screen
Options:
Harmonics Meter Tabular or graphic presentation of harmonics quantities.
THD Logger Histograms of harmonics quantities.
Main Menu Back to the MAIN MENU.
Switching between HARMONICS METER and HARMONICS LOGGER function can be

performed by pressing MENU key in any screen (METER/SCOPE or LOGGER).
inverted form.
7.1 HARMONICS METER FUNCTION

HARMONICS METER function consists of three screen sections:
− HARMONICS - METER screens, data in tabular form,
43
OPERATION MANUAL
− HARMONICS - SCOPE1 screens, presentation of signals in graphical form, one

graph,
− HARMONICS - SCOPE2 screens, presentation of signals in graphical form, two
graphs.
7.1.1 HARMONICS METER (tabular) screen

By entering HARMONICS menu from MAIN MENU the HARMONICS – METER tabular
Fig. 7.2: HARMONICS METER tabular screen
The display format and units (V, kV, A, kA) are automatically selected according to the
measured values. The following quantities are displayed:
• Phase RMS voltage (UL) or phase-to-phase RMS voltage (ULL) for each phase,
• Phase RMS current (IL).
• Total harmonic distortion for voltage (ThdU) and current (ThdI).
th
• All / even / odd harmonics up to 50 in percentage of Unom / Inom or RMS.
Keys:
RUN (results are updated once per second) mode.
Selects U (voltages) or I (currents) harmonics view for display.

Switches from METER tabular screen to SCOPE1 graphic (single
scope) screen.
Shift through harmonic components.
Toggles between all / even / odd harmonics display.

Opens the HARMONICS MENU (described in chapter 8).
44
OPERATION MANUAL
7.1.2 HARMONICS SCOPE1 (single graph) screen

This function displays the results of fast Fourier transformation (FFT) calculations in
numeric and graphic mode. The displayed bar graph is auto-scaled by default.
Fig. 7.3: HARMONICS SCOPE (single) screen
The top line provides information about selected input (U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3), its RMS
value and value of cursor-pointed harmonic / DC value / THD in percentage and RMS
of nominal input value.
Graph consists of 52 bars - first bar showing DC value, next 50 showing harmonics and
52nd representing THD.
If one bar extends over visible range a marker (dot) is set above it.
Keys:
Selects U (voltage) or I (current) harmonics for display.
Switches from SCOPE1 graphic (single scope) screen to SCOPE2

graphic (dual scope) screen.
Scale displayed bar graph by amplitude for better viewing.
Move cursor between harmonic components.
7.1.3 HARMONICS SCOPE2 (dual graph)

This function displays U and I harmonics scopes in the same screen. Upper scope
shows voltage harmonics, lower shows current harmonics. The top line provides
45
OPERATION MANUAL
information about selected phase (U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3) - RMS value and value of cursor-
pointed harmonic / DC value / THD in percentage and RMS of nominal input value (see
figure below).
The displayed bar graphs are always auto-scaled.
Fig. 7.4: HARMONICS SCOPE (dual) screen

st
Each scope containing 52 bars - 1 bar showing DC value, next 50 showing harmonics
nd
and 52 representing THD.
If any bar extends over visible range a marker (dot) is set above it (see fig. 8.4,
Harmonics scope (dual) screen).
Keys:
Switches between display of voltage or current harmonics values.
Switches from SCOPE2 graphic (dual scope) screen to METER

tabular screen.
Scale selected bar graph (voltage or current) by amplitude.
Move cursor between harmonics components.
7.2 THD LOGGER FUNCTION

THD LOGGER function consists of 4 screen sections:
− THD - LOGGER SETUP screen, logger parameters setup,
− THD - LOGGER RUN screens, running histogram,
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OPERATION MANUAL
− THD - LOGGER STOP1 screens, review of logged signals, one bar graph,
− THD - LOGGER STOP2 screens, review of logged signals, two bar graphs.
7.2.1 THD LOGGER SETUP screen

After selecting THD LOGGER in HARMONICS MENU the THD LOGGER SETUP
Fig. 7.5: THD LOGGER SETUP
Settings:
Logging interval setup (from 1 sec to 30 min). Total logging
Interval:
time is displayed in “Duration” field.
Duration: Total logging time (indicator only).
Keys:
Starts logging. The THD LOGGER RUN screens is displayed.
Toggles between ON (selected) and OFF (unselected) for actual

logging channel (if SIGNALS dialog box is opened).
Select “Interval” and “Signals” settings.
If in SIGNALS dialog, scrolls between logging signals.
Change interval period (in INTERVAL setup).
If in SIGNALS dialog, scrolls between logging signals.
Opens the HARMONIC MENU (described in chapter 8).

Closes the SIGNALS dialog box (if SIGNALS dialog box is opened).
47
OPERATION MANUAL
7.2.2 THD LOGGER RUN screens

This screen opens automatically when the user starts logging.
In this function signal histograms together with the summary details are displayed.
Fig. 7.6: THD LOGGER RUN screen
thdUXavg (%) thdUXavg (V) thdUXmax (V) Single phase voltage THD and RMS values
(x = 1 ÷ 3).
thdIXavg (%) thdIXavg (A) thdIXmax (A) Single phase current THD and RMS values
(x = 1 ÷ 3).
thdU1avg (%) thdU2avg (%) thdU3avg (%) voltage THD values for all phases.
thdU1avg (V) thdU2avg (V) thdU3avg (V) voltage RMS values for all phases.
thdI1avg (%) thdI2avg (%) thdI3avg (%) current THD values for all phases.
thdI1avg (A) thdI2avg (A) thdI3avg (A) current RMS values for all phases.
In the upper data field the following values are displayed:

• Voltage and current THD values in percentage of Unom or Inom and RMS,
• Elapsed time.
Data of all concluded intervals are displayed as a graphical histogram. The latest
interval data appear on the right and rolls to the left as new intervals are concluded and
displayed. The measurement is completed when the first interval data reach the left
side of the display (after 150 intervals) or if stopped manually.
The displayed quantities are equal to shown in the data field.
Keys:
Stops logging. THD LOGGER STOP1 screen is displayed.
Selects U (voltages) or I (currents) THD histograms for display.
Selects available THD signals for display.
48
OPERATION MANUAL
7.2.3 THD LOGGER LOG1 screens

This function becomes active after a logging is completed.
The recorded signal trace can be scrolled and reviewed with a cursor.

(x = 1 ÷ 3).
(x = 1 ÷ 3).
Complete trace of selected signal can be viewed in the histogram. All data are
displayed graphically (logger scope) and in values (top line).
Fig. 7.7: THD LOGGER STOP1 screen

Keys:
Selects U (voltages) or I (currents) THD values for display.
Switches from THD - LOGGER STOP1 (single histogram) to THD -

LOGGER STOP2 (dual histogram).
Selects THD signals monitored during logging (voltage or current
THD values).
Scroll cursor along logged data.
Data at cursor position along with time is shown in the top line.
49
OPERATION MANUAL
7.2.4 THD LOGGER LOG2 screens

In this function two displayed histograms can be scrolled through with a cursor,
reviewed and compared.
(x = 1 ÷ 3).
(x = 1 ÷ 3).
Data are displayed in graphical (2 histograms) and in numeric form.
Complete trace of selected signal can be viewed on the active histogram. The cursor is
positioned to the selected interval and can be scrolled over all intervals.
Fig. 7.8: THD LOGGER STOP2 screen
Keys:
Selects U (voltages) or I (currents) THD values for display in upper

data field.
Clears logged values and returns to THD LOGGER SETUP screen.
Switches from THD LOGGER LOG2 screens to THD LOGGER

LOG1 screens.
Scroll the cursor along logged data on selected (active) logger
scope. Data at cursor along with time is shown on top line.
Returns to MAIN MENU.
50
OPERATION MANUAL
8 INRUSHES
High inrush currents of motors can cause breakers to trip or fuses to open. Maximum
expected current during the inrush might be 6 to 14 times greater then the full load
current of the motor.
This function is based on principle of logging data exceeding the set level with positive
or negative slope on any current input.
When such event (inrush) occurs, data after trigger and in pretriggering time (1/5 of
user selected "Duration" time) is logged until the end of selected "Duration" time.
The INRUSH LOGGER function consists of 4 screen sections:
− INRUSH - LOGGER SETUP screen, logger parameters setup,
− INRUSH - LOGGER RUN screens, running histogram,
− INRUSH - LOGGER STOP1 screens, review of logged signals, one histogram,
− INRUSH - LOGGER STOP2 screens, review of logged signals, two histograms.
inverted form.
8.1 INRUSH LOGGER SETUP SCREEN

By entering INRUSHES menu from the MAIN MENU the INRUSH LOGGER SETUP
Fig. 8.1: INRUSH LOGGER SETUP
Settings:
Logging interval setup (from 10 ms to 200 ms). Total
Interval
logging time is displayed in the “Duration” field.
Selection of signals that should be logged.
51
OPERATION MANUAL
Trigger set up:

- Current input for trigger source,
- Trigger level at which inrush logging will start,
- Trigger slope direction.
Keys:
Starts logging. INRUSH LOGGER RUN screens is displayed.

highlighted logging channel in CHANNELS and for highlighted
trigger source in TRIGGER dialog
Select “Interval”, “Signals” or “Trigger” settings.
If in “Signals” dialog, scroll between voltage and current values.
If in “Trigger” dialog, scroll between trigger source, trigger level and
trigger slope.
If “Interval” is selected, change interval period.
If “Signals” dialog is open, scroll through all channels.
If “Trigger” dialog is open, scroll through trigger sources / change
trigger level / change trigger slope.
Opens TRIGGER dialog box (if “Trigger” is selected). In this dialog
box the trigger channels can be selected, level and slope of the
trigger signal can be defined for triggering.
Closes the “Signals” or “Trigger” dialog box (if dialog box is open).
8.2 INRUSH LOGGER RUN SCREENS

This screen opens when the user starts logging.
This function displays signal waveforms together with their summary details (see figure
below).
UX single voltage (x = 1 ÷ 3).

IX single current (x = 1 ÷ 3).
U1U2U3 all phase voltages.
I1I2I3 all phase currents.
Up to 10 signal periods of each signal can be observed.

The displayed signals are auto-scaled.
52
OPERATION MANUAL
Fig. 8.2: INRUSH LOGGER RUN screen
Note: If user forces inrush logging to stop no data is recorded.

Logging of data only occurs when trigger is activated.
Keys:
Stops logging. INRUSH RECORD STOP1 screens opens.

for display.
Selects available signal combinations for display.
8.3 INRUSH LOGGER LOG1 SCREEN

The recorded signal trace can be scrolled through and reviewed with a cursor.
The following values can be displayed in the data fields:

- Minimum, maximum and average data of the interval selected with the cursor,
- Time relative to the trigger-event time.
Complete trace of selected signal can be viewed on the histogram. The cursor is
53
OPERATION MANUAL
Fig. 8.3: INRUSH RECORD LOG1 screen
Keys:

for display.
Clears logged values and returns to INRUSH LOGGER SETUP
screen.
Switches from INRUSH RECORD STOP1 screens to INRUSH
RECORD STOP2 screen.

Scroll the cursor along logged data.
Data at cursor along with the time is shown in the top line.
8.4 INRUSH LOGGER LOG2 SCREEN
Logged data can be reviewed and compared in two different histograms.
The data are displayed in graphical (2 histograms) and in numeric (interval data) form.
The following values can be displayed in the data fields:

- Minimum, maximum and average data of the interval selected with the cursor (of the
active histogram),
- Time relative to the trigger-event time.
Complete trace of selected signal can be viewed on the active histogram. The cursor is
54
OPERATION MANUAL
Fig. 8.4: INRUSH RECORD STOP2 screen
Keys:
Selects U (voltages), I (currents) or U+I (voltage – current pairs) for

display.
Clears screen values and returns to THD LOGGER SETUP screen.
Switches from THD LOGGER LOG2 screens to THD LOGGER LOG1

screens.

Scroll the cursor along logged data (in the active histogram).
Data at cursor along with the time relative to the trigger-event time is
shown in the top line.
Returns to the INRUSH SETUP menu.
55
OPERATION MANUAL
9 VOLTAGE EVENTS
Three voltage event parameters are logged in this function: dips, swells and
interruptions. They are called voltage anomalies.
Swell is a temporary voltage increase above upper voltage limit threshold+.
Dip is a temporary reduction of a voltage below lower voltage limit threshold-.
Interruption is a temporary reduction of a voltage below interruption limit.
If voltage results are out of input range, the results are shown in inverted form.
9.1 VOLTAGE EVENTS LOGGER SETUP SCREEN

By entering VOLTAGE EVENTS menu from MAIN MENU the VOLTAGE EVENTS
LOGGER SETUP screen is shown by default (see figure below).
Fig. 9.1: VOLTAGE EVENTS LOGGER setup screen

Settings:
Nominal voltage can be set from 1.0 V to max. voltage
Unom of selected voltage range (U range – see measuring
setup chapter).
Trshold+ Upper limit can be set from 1 % to 35 % of Unom (swell).
Trshold- Lower limit can be set from 1 % to 35 % of Unom (dip).
Interrupt Interruption limit can be set from 1 % to 20 % of Unom.
Available are: 1 min 2 min 5 min
10 min 30 min 1h
Duration 2h 5h 10 h
30 h 50 h 75 h
manual stop
Actual time and date (can be set in the SETUP menu,

Time, Date
described in chapter 5.2.4).
56
OPERATION MANUAL
Keys:
Starts logging. The VOLTAGE EVENTS LOGGER RUN screen is
displayed.
highlighted logging channel (if SIGNALS dialog box is opened).
Select settings in SETUP menu.
Change parameters of selected option.

Opens SIGNALS dialog box (if “Signals” is selected). In this
dialog box the individual signals can be selected for logging.
9.2 VOLTAGE EVENTS LOGGER RUN SCREEN

This screen opens when the user starts logging.
In run mode anomalies are counted and presented in a table form separately for swells,
dips and interruptions.
Current anomaly is framed.
Fig. 9.2: VOLTAGE EVENTS RUN screen
Keys:
Stops logging. LOGGER STOP screen is opened. Otherwise the
logging is finished after completion of 150 intervals.
Shows set parameters.
57
OPERATION MANUAL
9.3 VOLTAGE EVENTS LOGGER STOP SCREENS

Measured data are displayed in report form.
The following information are displayed for each anomaly:

- type of anomaly,
- voltage value,
- start and end time (hour:min:sec:msec year:month),
- duration.
Fig. 9.3: VOLTAGE EVENTS LOGGER STOP screen
Keys:
Selects swells, dips and interruptions for display (only if at least one
anomaly of that type was logged).
Clears logged values and returns to the VOLTAGE EVENTS
LOGGER SETUP screen.
Toggles between list of individual anomaly details and statistics of
all anomalies.
Selects anomalies of different phases for display.
Scroll through selected record of anomalies.
58
OPERATION MANUAL
10 PHASE DIAGRAM
The most common cause of incorrect measured or logged data is a faulty connection.
With the Power Q Plus instrument the user can check the connection before
measurement is performed.
This function displays:
- Graphical presentation of voltage and current phase angles of the measured

system,
- Symmetry of the measured system.
inverted form.
10.1 U – I PHASE DIAGRAM SCREEN
Fig. 10.1: PHASE DIAGRAM screen
Keys:
Switches between HOLD/RUN mode.
Selects U (voltages) and I (currents) for scaling.
If in HOLD mode, saves measured values in non-volatile memory.
Changes between line voltage & current vector diagram and

symmetry vector diagram
Scale selected signals by amplitude.
59
OPERATION MANUAL
10.2 SYMMETRY PHASE DIAGRAM SCREEN

Phase diagram (SYM) is intended for representing current and voltage symmetry
(balance) of the measuring system.
Supply voltage and current asymmetry arises when RMS values or phase angles
between consecutive phases are not equal.
Fig. 10.2: SYMMETRY PHASE DIAGRAM screen
11 ENERGY
This function includes thee energy counters:
- TOTAL COUNTER (all energy measured with the instrument),
- SUBTOTAL COUNTER (energy measured during last logging),
- LAST INTERVAL COUNTER (energy of last measured interval).
11.1 ENERGY SETUP FUNCTION

After selecting ENERGY menu from the MAIN MENU the ENERGY SETUP menu
Fig. 11.1: ENERGY SETUP screens
60
OPERATION MANUAL
Settings:
Interval Logging interval setup (from 1 min to 15 min).
Reset (YES) or not (NO) the SUBTOTAL counter at the
Reset SUBT
beginning of counting.
Counters Review TOTAL and SUBTOTAL counters.
Actual time and date (can be set in the SETUP menu,
Time, Date
described in chapter 5.2.4).
Keys:
Starts counting. The ENERGY COUNTER RUN screen is displayed.
Select settings in SETUP menu.
Change parameters of selected option.
Opens COUNTERS dialog box (if “Counters” is selected). In this

dialog box the TOTAL and SUBTOTAL counters can be reviewed.
11.2 ENERGY RUN SCREEN
This screen opens when the user starts energy counting. This function displays TOTAL,
SUBTOTAL and LAST INTERVAL counters.
Each counter includes three different energies:

- eP (active energy),
- eQpos (reactive positive energy),
- eQneg (reactive negative energy).
The following information are displayed for each counter:

- Start (time of the last reset of the counters);
- Duration (TOTAL, SUBTOTAL: duration of counting from the last reset of the
counters, LAST INTERVAL: duration of the actual period).
Fig. 11.2: ENERGY RUN screen
61
OPERATION MANUAL
Keys:
Stops energy counting.
Selects TOT (total), SUBT (subtotal) or L.INT (last interval) energy

counter for display.
11.3 ENERGY STOP SCREEN

This function becomes active after a counting is completed. The information is the
same as in ENERGY RUN screen.
The screen displays TOTAL, SUBTOTAL and LAST INTERVAL counters:
- eP (active energy),
- eQpos (reactive positive energy),
- eQneg (reactive negative energy).
The following information are displayed for each counter:
- Start (time of the last reset of the counters);
- Duration (TOTAL, SUBTOTAL: duration of counting from the last reset of the
counters, LAST INTERVAL: duration of the last period).
Fig. 11.3: ENERGY STOP screen
Keys:
Selects TOT (total), SUBT (subtotal) or L.INT (last interval) energy
counter for display.
Returns to the ENERGY SETUP menu.
62
OPERATION MANUAL
12 MEMORY LIST
In this menu the user can browse through all saved data.
By entering this menu a short information list is shown giving general information about
number of saved records, free memory space and currently browsed record.
If there is no record, number of saved records is 0. All other fields are blank.
Fig. 12.1: MEMORY LIST screen
Keys:
Clears current record.
Browse through records (next or previous record).
Shows current record.
When a selected record is opened the meanings of the function keys are the same as
in the function where the record was saved.
63
OPERATION MANUAL
13 CONNECTION TO THE POWER SYSTEMS
13.1 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

This instrument can be connected to the 3-phase system in 2 ways:
• 3-phase four-wire system L1, L2, L3, N; I1, I2, I3
• 3-phase three-wire system L12, L23, L31; I1, I2, I3
The actual connection scheme has to be defined in MEASURING SETUP menu (see
fig. below).
Fig. 13.1: Measuring configuration menu
When connecting the instrument it is essential that both current and voltage
connections are correct. In particular the following rules have to be observed:
Current clamp-on current transformers
• The arrow marked on the clamp-on current transformer has to point in the
direction of current flow, from supply to load.
• If the clamp-on current transformer is connected in reverse the measured
power in that phase would normally appear negative.
Phase relationships
• The clamp-on current transformer connected to current input connector I1 has
to measure the current in the phase line to which the voltage probe from L1 is
connected.
Wiring connections are shown in figures bellow.

In systems where voltage is measured at the secondary side of a voltage transformer
(say 11 kV / 110 V), a scaling factor of that voltage transformer ratio has to be entered
in order to ensure correct measurement.
64
OPERATION MANUAL
1. 3-phase 4-wire system (with neutral conductor)
Fig. 13.2: 3-phase 4-wire system
2. 3 phase 3-wire system (without neutral conductor)
Fig. 13.3: 3-phase 3-wire system
65
OPERATION MANUAL
I1 I2 I3
N
power plant
measuring instruments L1 L2 L3
A A A
high
voltage
L1 xA / 5A
L2 xA / 5A
L3 xA / 5A
Fig. 13.4: Connecting instrument to the existing current transformers in high voltage system
WARNING !
• The secondary of a current transformer must not be open when it is on a live circuit.
• An open circuit secondary can result in dangerously high voltage across the terminals.
13.2 MEASURING SET-UP FOR CURRENT MEASUREMENT

Measurement accessory Measured I range I inp. K Instrument
values Accuracy
A 1033 ≤ 100 A 100 A ±(3 % + 0.3 A)
1
Current clamp 1000 A > 100 A 1000A ±(3 % + 3 A)
A 1069 ≤ 10 A 100 A ±(3 % + 0.03 A)
0.1
Mini clamp 100 A > 10 A 1000A ±(3 % + 0.3 A)
A 1122 ≤ 0.5 A 100 A ±(3 % + 1.5 mA)
Mini clamp 5 A > 0.5 A 1000A 0.0075 * ±(3 % + 15 mA)
A 1037 ≤ 0.5 A 100 A ±(3 % + 1.5 mA)
3-Phase Curr. Transf. > 0.5 A 1000A 0.006 * ±(3 % + 15 mA)
A 1120, A 1099 ≤3A 100 A ±(3 % + 9 mA)
0.03
Flex kit 30 A >3A 1000A ±(3 % + 0.09 A)
A 1120, A 1099 ≤ 30 A 100 A ±(3 % + 0.09 A)
0.3
Flex kit 300 A > 30 A 1000A ±(3 % + 0.9 A)
A 1120, A 1099 ≤ 300 A 100 A ±(3 % + 0.9 A)
3
Flex kit 3000 A > 300 A 1000A ±(3 % + 9 A)
NOTE:
‘I inp. K’ value has to be multiplied with current transformer ratio, if it is presented.
* Out of range current results are shown in inverted form at currents over 7.5 A (A 1122)
and 6 A (A 1037), regardless of measurement function and range.
66
THEORY AND INTERNAL OPERATION
14 THEORY AND INTERNAL OPERATION
14.1 INTRODUCTION
This section contains basics theory of measuring functions and technical information of
Plus
the internal operation of the Power Q MI 2392, including descriptions of measuring
methods and logging principles.
14.2 MEASUREMENT METHODS

Measurement methods are based on the digital sampling of the input signals. Each
input (3 voltages and 3 currents) is sampled 1024 times in 10 cycles. Duration of this
cycle depends on the frequency at the synchronization input (one of the 3 voltage or
current inputs). At 50 Hz the cycle period is 20 ms.
Basic measured values are calculated at the end of each sampling period and the
results are available on the display or are logged.
Fast Fourier transform (FFT) based results are calculated 1,5 times / sec.
14.3 U,I,F
Voltage and current values are measured according to the following equation:
1 1024 2
Phase voltage: Ux = ∑ Ux j
1024 j=1
[V],
1 1024 2
Phase current: Ix = ∑ Ix j
1024 j=1
[A],
1 1024
Phase-to-phase voltage: Uxy = ∑ (Ux j − Uy j )2
1024 j=1
[V],
The instrument offers 4 voltage measurement ranges. Middle voltage (MV) and high
voltage (HV) systems can be measured with help of voltage transformers and voltage
factor U inp.K.
The instrument offers 2 current measurement ranges. Current values higher then
instrument input current range can be measured with help of current transformer and
current factor I inp.K.
Four wire (4W) and three wire (3W) measuring systems can be inspected with the
instrument.
67
3W
(three wire system)
L2 L2
U2
I2 I2
U23 U12
U23 U12
IN
I3 N I3
I1 I1
U3 U1
L3 U31 L1 L3 U31
L1
Fig.: 14.1
14.4 POWER
Power is measured according to the following equation:
1 1024
Phase active power: Px = ∑ Ux j ∗ Ix j
1024 j=1
[W]
Apparent and reactive power, voltage, crest factor and power factor are calculated
according to the following equation:
Phase apparent power: Sx = Ux ∗ Ix [VA],
Phase reactive power: Qx = Sx 2 − Px 2 [Var],
Ux max
Phase voltage crest factor: Ux cr = ,
Ux
Ix max
Phase current crest factor: Ix cr = ,
Ix
Phase cos φ: Cosϕ x = Cosϕ u x − Cosϕ i x ,
Px
Phase power factor: PFx = .
Sx
Total active, reactive and apparent power and total power factor are calculated
according to the following equation:
68
Total active power: Pt = P1 + P2 + P3 [VA],
Total reactive power: Qt = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 [Var],
Total apparent power: St = (Pt 2

+ Qt 2 ) [VA],
Pt
Total power factor: PFtot = .
St
Active power is divided into two parts: import (positive-motor) and export (negative-
generator). Reactive power and power factor are divided into four parts: positive
inductive (+i), positive capacitive (+c), negative inductive (-i) and negative capacitive (-
c).
Motor/generator and inductive/capacitive phase/polarity diagram:
P+ = 0 90 o P+ = Px
P- = Px P- = 0
Qi+ = 0 GENERATOR MODE MOTOR MODE Qi+ = Qx
Qi- = 0 Qi- = 0
Qc+ = Qx LOAD TYPE LOAD TYPE Qc+ = 0
Qc- = 0 Positive capacitive Positive inductive Qc- = 0
Pfi+ = na Pfi+ = Pfx
Pfi- = 1 (User = capacitive (User = inductive Pfi- = na
Pfc+ = Pfx generator) load) Pfc+ = na
Pfc- = na Pfc- = 1
o 0o
180
P+ = 0 P+ = Px
P- = Px GENERATOR MODE MOTOR MODE P- = 0
Qi+ = 0 Qi+ = 0
Qi- = Qx LOAD TYPE LOAD TYPE Qi- = 0
Qc+ = 0 Negative inductive Negative capacitive Qc+ = 0
Qc- = 0 Qc- = Qx
Pfi+ = na (User = inductive (User = capacitive Pfi+ = 1
Pfi- = Pfx generator) load) Pfi- = na
Pfc+ = 1 Pfc+ = na
Pfc- = na o Pfc- = Pfx
270
na – not available)
Fig.: 14.2
69
14.5 HARMONICS
Calculation called fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is used to translate AD converted
input signal to sinusoidal components. The following equation describes relation
between input signal and its frequency presentation. Upper limit of sum function in
equation (∞) is limited with a sampling rate. The highest harmonic frequency is
approximately half of sampling frequency.
∞
u( t) = c U0 + ∑ c Uk sin(n ⋅ 2π f 1t + ϕUn )
n= 0
c U0 − DC component
c Un − amplitude of n - ordered voltage harmonic
ϕUn − phase shift of n ordered voltage harmonic
f1 − fundamental freqency
Phase voltage and current THD values and phase voltage and current individual
harmonics are calculated according to the following equations:
50
∑ hn
2
Ux
n= 2
Phase voltage THD: THD Ux = ∗ 100 [%],
h1Ux
50
∑ hn
2
Ix
n= 2
Phase current THD: THDIx = ∗ 100 [%],
h1Ix
Phase voltage and current individual harmonics are presented in absolute and
percentage form. Percentage is calculated according to the following equations:
hnUx
Voltage individual harmonics: HnUx = ∗ 100 [%],
h1Ux
hnIx
Current individual harmonics: HnIx = ∗ 100 [%],
h1Ix
hn − n - ordered harmonic (voltage or current)
70
Voltage harmonics and THD
U hUn
FFT
1 2 3 4 5 6 50 n
t
200ms
Current harmonics and THD

I hIn
FFT
1 2 3 4 5 6 50 n
t
200ms
Fig.: 14.3
14.6 INRUSHES
Inrush measurement is intended for analysis of voltage and current fluctuations when
starting motors or other high power consumers. TRMS values per 10 ms (half period)
are measured and average of half period results is logged in each preset interval.
Inrush logger starts when the preset trigger occurs.
Measured signal
Inrush, fluctuation or other event
U or I
Inrush logger
U or I
Interval
values
Fig.: 14.4
71
Inrush logging starts when the trigger even occurs. Storage buffer is divided into pre-
buffer (measured values before trigger point) and post-buffer (measured values after
trigger point).
Triggering
Direction: rise
Direction: fall
t t
Input: I1, I2, I3, Ix - trigger channels

Level: predefined TRMS value
Direction: rise / fall
Pre-buffer and post-buffer
Total buffer
pre-buff. post-buff.
Start logging Stop logging

Trigger point
Pre-post - buffer: 20 / 80 % of total buffer

Pre - buffer is treated as negative time
Fig.: 14.5
14.7 VOLTAGE EVENTS

Voltage anomalies (swells, dips, interruptions) occur when a voltage falls out of
boundaries. The RMS voltages of each half input cycle are used for comparison. High
and low limits (threshold) are set as a percentage of the nominal voltage, and can be
between 1 % and 35 % over or under the nominal voltage. Interruption can be set
between 1 % and 20 % of the nominal voltage. For every voltage anomaly detected the
instrument stores:
• Date and time when the anomaly started,
• Minimum or maximum voltage during the anomaly,
• Duration of the anomaly.
Voltage anomaly recording is enabled on selected voltage inputs.
72
value of two half period (10 ms @ 50 Hz) cycles
U duration
swell value
highg limit
U nominal
low limit
interruption dip value
interrupt value
Fig.: 14.6
14.8 PHASE DIAGRAM

Phase diagram (U-I) is intended for vector – phase representation of voltages, and
currents concerning the measuring system. It is primarily used for checking proper
connection of measurement cables and current clamps.
U1
I1
I3 N
U2
U3 I2
Fig.: 14.7
Phase diagram (SYM) is intended for representation of current and voltage unbalance
(symmetry) of the measuring system. It is defined using the method of symmetrical
components (zero, positive and negative)
Supply voltage and current unbalance is defined as the ratio of the negative sequence
component to the positive sequence component.
73
U− negative sequence
asymU = ⋅ 100 % = ⋅ 100 %
U+ postive sequence
I− negative sequence
asymI = ⋅ 100 % = ⋅ 100 %
I+ postive sequence
14.9 ENERGY
Energy logger contains three different counters for active and reactive energy. Total
counter is intended for measuring energy over a wide time range. When the energy
logging starts it sums the energy to existent state of the counters. They can be cleared
only in the SETUP menu.
Subtotal counter is intended for measuring energy over a shorter time ranges. It can be
cleared or not when the logger starts.
Last integration period (IP) counter measures energy over preset interval, which can be
set from 1 to 15 minutes. It is reset at each start of the logging.
The logging can be interrupted with the STOP button and then continued with the
START button.
Energy TOTAL counter
eP
eQ+
eQ- t
Energy SUBTOTAL counter
eP
eQ+
eQ-
t
Reset subtotal counter (optional)
pause (STOP/START)
Energy LAST INTERVAL counter

eP
eQ+
eQ- Interval t
Last interval counter always starts from zero and it is reset after each interval.
Interval can be set from 1 to 15 min.
eP - active energy
eQ+ - positive reactive energy
eQ- - negative reactive energy
Fig.:14.8
74
PC SOFTWARE
15 PowerQ Link PC SOFTWARE

The Power Q Plus MI 2392 is supplied with a Windows software which can be used for:
• Downloading recorded data.
• Off-line analysis of recorded data.
The software also provides the necessary tools for including measured data in various
reports.
The minimum requirement for running the software is the ability of the PC to run
Windows 95.
15.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Computer system Pentium or compatible system with one free serial (RS 232) port
Operating system Windows 98/ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP
15.2 INSTALLING PowerQ Link

This section describes how to install and configure PowerQ Link software that allows
your computer to communicate with the instrument.
15.2.1 Install PowerQ Link software

Place the installation CD in the CD-ROM drive. The setup program will appear on the
screen. Click Install PowerQ Link. You will be prompted to choose the destination
folder into which the software will be installed The default folder is C:\Program
Files\PowerQLink. If you want to place the software into different folder, click Browse.
When you are finished click Next to start the installation. The installation program
places a shortcut into Windows Start menu.
15.2.2 Configure Power Link software

When the installation completes start PowerQ Link program.
First you should configure COM port and language. Choose COM Port from Settings
menu and select available COM port. Then choose Language from Settings menu and
select desired language for menus.
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15.3 CONNECTING Power Q Plus INSTRUMENT TO PC
9 pin female connector-

to serial port on PC
32
9 pin male connector-
RS 2
to PowerQ Plus
Fig. 15.1: Connecting instrument to PC
15.4 INTRODUCING PowerQ Link SCREEN
The basic opening screen is the starting point for all actions.
• Download of data.
• Analysis of downloaded or previously saved data.
le a
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am
Fi
t
e
le
D fo
p
ph
s
rt
D S
T
bl
ai
el
D
Fi
Li
io In
Po
FF
e RM
gr
n
et
Ta
ra
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ia
G
or
l
lo
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em
n
C
ow
as
t
M
ec
Ph
D
l
Se
Fig. 15.2: Main PowerQ Link toolbar buttons
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Fig. 15.3: Basic opening screen pull-down menus
15.5 DOWNLOADING DATA
Download procedure is divided into four steps:

1. Downloading list of memories.
2. Selecting memories for downloading.
3. Downloading selected memories.
4. Defining target file name.
To start downloading procedure select Download from File menu. If program

failes to connect to the instrument check if baud rate is set correctly (has to be equal
value on instrument and PC) and if serial cable is connected properly (see Port
section).
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Instrument communication PowerQ Link communication setup

setup
available
communication
speeds
Fig. 15.4: Setting baud rate and COM port
List of memories:
In this example the

user selected two
memories for
download: 1st row
with UIf screen and
7th row with THD
logging. PowerQ
Link will download
and save to file
only these two
memories.
Fig. 15.5: Memory list

Memory can be selected / deselected with left mouse click on appropriate row.
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During downloading program

will display Downloading data.
Fig. 15.6: Downloading data window
If any communication error occurs or user selects Abort downloading process button,
the program will display a note and offer three possibilities:
Abort – stop downloading without saving already downloaded data.
Retry – try to download problematical memory again.
Ignore – skip problematical memory and continue downloading.
When the data is downloaded it can be saved and displayed in PC software.
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Fig. 15.7: Downloaded memories
15.6 DISPLAYING DATA
15.6.1 Available functionalities

Graph RMS table Harm. graph Data in table Phase diagram
UIf
9 9 9 9 9
screen
Power
9 9 9 9 9
screen
Harmonics
9 9 9 9 9
screen
Phase diag.
9 9 9 9 9
screen
UIf
9 x x 9 x
logger
Power
9 x x 9 x
logger
THD
9 x x 9 x
logger
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NOTE:
Derived quantities like power and energy are calculated independently in the instrument
or PowerQ Link. Such operation makes possible to provide additional functionalities in
PowerQ Link. However, due to the differences in calculation algorithms and numerical
precisions the results could vary slightly.
Transferred logger values are not affected
15.6.2 Scope graph
Standard scope graph is reserved for instrument measurements: UIf screen, Power
screen, Harmonics screen, Phase diagram. That kind of graph represents raw voltage
and current data values scaled to x axis (time) and y axis (values in V and A). Each
type of signal has its own Y axis scale and data line in graph is scaled according to it.
Time axis is represented in miliseconds.
Fig. 15.8: Graph view
Signal table – list of all recorded signals. Selected rows are displayed in graph. To
select a signal the user has to click the proper row. Signal will be automatically added to
the graph. There are two columns in the table: the first column indicates phase (PH1 –
phase 1, etc.), in the other column are signal names. User can select up to 9 signals to
be displayed in the graph.
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Data cursor – Light red line that follows mouse cursor. Values of signal under cursor
are displayed in Values table and Cursor X value cell. Cursor can be hidden in Graph
details menu. It is important to understand that, because of PC graphic resolution, it is
not possible to display every point of data line in the graph (drawing routine skips some
points). Use zoom-in function to enlarge interesting part of graph to be sure that cursor
will display value of each point of data line.
Cursor X value – if data cursor is switched on, the value of X axis position will be
displayed in ms.
Values table – if data cursor is switched on the values of selected signals will be
displayed in this table. Text colors in the table matches line colors in the graph.
Zoom in and zoom out – To execute zoom function press and hold left mouse button
in the graph area while dragging the mouse. When the mouse button is released,
program will display enlarged selected part of the graph. To zoom out press right
mouse button inside graph area.
How to export data from scope window to other programs (for example to
Microsoft Excel)?
From Edit menu select Copy data. Run Excel and from its Edit menu select Paste. Only
selected signals in PowerQ Link will be copied. The same procedure is valid for graph
export as a picture.
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15.6.3 Harmonics graph
Harmonics graph function shows voltage and current harmonics in two separated
graphs: voltage graph and current graph. In each graph there are 52 bars on X axis: DC
st th
component, 1 – 50 harmonic and THD. This graph is functional for instrument
measurements: UIf screen, Power screen, Harmonics screen, Phase diagram.
Fig. 15.9: Harmonics graph
Data table – list of all recorded signals. Selected rows are displayed in graph. To select
a signal the user has to click the proper row. Signals will be automatically drawn. There
are two columns in the table: the first column shows phase (PH1 – phase 1, etc.), the
other column shows signal names. User can select up to 9 signals for display in the
graph.
Data cursor – Light red line that follows mouse cursor for selected signal.
How to export data from harmonics window to other programs (for example to
Microsoft Excel)?
From Edit menu select Copy data. Run Excel and from Edit menu select Paste. All
signals from the table will be copied. The same procedure is valid for graph export as a
picture.
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15.6.4 Logging graph

Standard logging graph is intended for instruments logging measurements: UIf logging,
THD logging, Inrush logging and Power logging. Each type of signal has its own Y axis
scale.
Fig. 15.10: Logging graph
Signal table – list of all recorded signals. Selected rows are displayed in graph. To
select a signal the user has to click the proper row. Signal will be automatically added to
the graph. There are two columns in the table: the first column indicates phase (PH1 –
phase 1, etc.), in the other column are signal names. User can select up to 9 signals to
be displayed in the graph.
Data Cursor – Light red line that follows mouse cursor. Values of signal under cursor
are displayed in Values table and Cursor X value cell. Cursor can be hidden in Graph
details menu. It is important to understand that, because of PC graphic resolution, it is
not possible to display every point of data line in the graph (drawing routine skips some
points). Use zoom-in function to enlarge interesting part of graph to be sure that cursor
will display value of each point of data line.
Cursor X value – if data cursor is switched on, the value of X axis position will be
displayed in ms.
Values table – if data cursor is switched on the values of selected signals will be
displayed in this table. Text colors in the table matches line colors in the graph.
Zoom in and zoom out – To execute zoom function press and hold left mouse button
in the graph area while dragging the mouse. When the mouse button is released,
program will display enlarged selected part of the graph. To zoom out press right
mouse button inside graph area.
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How to export data from scope window to other programs (for example to
Microsoft Excel)?
From Edit menu select Copy data. Run Excel and from its Edit menu select Paste. Only
selected signals in PowerQ Link will be copied. The same procedure is valid for graph
export as a picture.
15.6.5 RMS Table

RMS table displays counted RMS values for all three phases and totals of each
quantity.
Fig. 15.11: RMS Table
How to export data from RMS table to other programs (for example to Microsoft
Excel)?
From Edit menu select Copy data. Run Microsoft Excel and from its Edit menu select
Paste.
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15.6.6 Phase diagram
Phase diagram in two separated graphs represents voltage and current phase
angles and symmetry of the measured system.
Fig. 15.12: Phase diagram
Phase diagram can be copied as a picture by menu command Edit – Copy graph.
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15.6.7 Data table
All six signals are displayed in table form.
Fig. 15.13: Data table
Table can be copied to clipboard by menu command Edit – Copy data
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15.6.8 Voltage events
Voltage events function is intended for recording voltage events (dips, interruptions and
swells). For every event instrument saves the following information:
• Start and end time,

• Event type,
• Phase,
• Extreme value,
• Order number.
Fig. 15.14: Voltage events
Table can be copied to clipboard by menu command Edit – Copy data.
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Power Q Plus

4.2.2 Measuring setup.......................................................................................... 23

11.2 ENERGY RUN SCREEN...............................................................................................61

1 Power Q Plus MI 2392

Fig. 1.1: Instrument MI2392 – Power Q Plus

1.1 MAIN FEATURES

1.2 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

The instrument contains no user serviceable parts. Only an authorized dealer

1.3 APPLICABLE STANDARDS

• EN 61000-4-30 class B : 2003

2.1 FRONT PANEL

Fig. 2.1: Front panel

Front panel layout:

1. LCD Graphic display with LED backlight, 160 x 160 pixels.

2.2 CONNECTOR PANEL

2 • Use safety test leads only!

Fig. 2.2: Connector panel

Connector panel layout:

1 ....... Clamp-on current transformers/Current transformers (I1, I2, I3) input

Fig. 2.3: External power socket

1 ....... External power socket.

2.3 BOTTOM VIEW

Fig. 2.4: Bottom view

Bottom view layout:

1. Screws (unscrew to open the instrument).

2.4.1 Standard accessories

2.4.2 Optional accessories

3.1 MEASURING SYSTEM

TRMS, AC+DC, Lx-N, Lx-Ly connection

3.2.4 Power (W, VA, VAR)

1,000 ÷ 9,999 0.00 k ÷ 9.99 k 10

10,000 ÷ 999,999 0.0 k ÷ 999.9 k 100

3.2.5 Power factor

3.2.7 Energy (Wh, VAh, VArh)

1,000 ÷ 9,999 ±(3 % + 30 Wh)

3.2.8 Voltage harmonics

3.2.9 Current harmonics

3.3.1 Voltage, current logger

3.3.2 Power logger

3.3.3 Harmonics logger

Logger length: depends on selected interval (calculated time is displayed)

3.3.5 Voltage events

3.4 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

3.7 NON - VOLATILE MEMORY

3.8 DC POWER SUPPLY

Use only charger supplied by Metrel.

3.8.1 Inserting batteries into the instrument

Fig. 3.1: Battery placement

Fig. 3.2: Closing the battery holder

4. Screw the cover on the instrument.

3.9.2 Power supply considerations

3.9.4 Periodic calibration

Tel: +(386) 1 75 58 200

Fig. 4.1: Keypad

Freezes display in METER and SCOPE functions.

Opens sub menu.

Exits any procedure.

4.1 INSTRUMENT MAIN MENU

Fig. 4.2: MAIN MENU

Enters selected function.