LED Seminar (Elko - Julio 2012)
LED Seminar (Elko - Julio 2012)
LED Seminar (Elko - Julio 2012)
STMicroelectronics
All trademarks and logos are the property of their respective owners. All rights reserved. They are used here only as conceptual examples.
Contents
1. LED Basics
2. Driving High Brightness LEDs in General Lighting Off-line LED Drivers DC-DC converters based solutions
STMicroelectronics
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Contents
1. LED Basics
2. Driving High Brightness LEDs in General Lighting Off-line LED Drivers DC-DC converters based solutions
STMicroelectronics
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The
LEDs drawbacks?
Thermal Management Cost ($/Lumens) Standardization
LED Potential
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Driving Techniques
R
VIN
IF
VF
IF =
VIN VF R
Resistor Limiting Strenght: Inexpensive, Simple Weakness: Current variation as VF changes Poor efficiency Heat generation on the current limiting resistor Application: Low Power LEDs where brightness resolution is not an issue Linear Control Method Strenght: Simple, high current accuracy Weakness: Poor efficiency Heat dissipation on the driver IC Application: EMI sensitive designs and projects where the drop between VIN and VF is minimum.
VIN
Feedback
VIN
Switching Control Method Strenght: High Efficiency, high current accuracy Weakness: Relatively expensive, Circuit complexity Application: Where heat and efficiency is an issue.
R
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LEDs Applications
Traffic signals
Road traffic signals Aviation Railway Navigation Emergency/police signals
Illumination
Architectural lighting Flashlights Machine vision General illumination Sign and marker lights Neon and bulb replacement Interior decoration lighting
LED Backlighting
Notebook Netbook LCD Panels General backlighting
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Contents
1. LED Basics
2. Driving High Brightness LEDs in General Lighting Off-line LED Drivers DC-DC converters based solutions 3. LED driving solutions for Signage 4. LED driving solutions for LCD Backlighting
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100
25
L6562A/AT/3H (HPF) + DC/DC for each LED string VIPer22A-E/25/27/53-E (Flyback) + TSM10xx VIPer12A/15/17 (Flyback) + TSM10xx
L6562A/AT (Buck-Boost) VIPer53-E (Buck) VIPerX2A//X7 (N.I. Flyback) + TSM10xx VIPerX2A/16 (Buck)
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Residential Lighting
STMicroelectronics
Non-Isolated
Isolated
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Benefits of LEDs in Street Lighting Longer lifespan and reduced maintenance costs over the expected practical lifetime of the luminaries (~15 years) An LED system, thanks to its directionality, illuminates more effectively the target area and thus significantly reduces inefficiencies due to unwanted or not useful lighted areas. Energy savings level of about 13% relative to the assumed 250W HPS baseline Improved night visibility due to better Color Rendering Index, higher color temperature and increased illuminance uniformity The "instant-on/instant-off" and dimming capability of LEDs offer additional intrinsic value through control strategies that can brighten and dim based on time of day, ambient light, or any other control parameters desired.
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PFC L6562AT
LLC L6599AT
48 V/130W
90W 250W
AC DC
R LED
R LED
DIMMING
12
ST Solution: EVL130W-STRLIG
48V-130W LED STREET LIGHTING SMPS
Demoboard available in Q4
Functionalities:
WIDE INPUT MAINS RANGE (85 to305 Vac) OUTPUT VOLTAGE: 48V @ 2.7 A EFFICIENCY: >90% @ 115Vac - FULL LOAD NO-LOAD CONSUMPTION: 0.3W @ 230Vac LONG LIFE, HIGH MTBF (NO ELCAPS) MAINS HARMONICS: ACCORDING TO EN61000-3-2, JEITA-MITI EMI: MEETS EN50022 CLASS B SAFETY: MEETS EN60950 MIXED PTH/SMT FOR LABOR COST REDUCTION 1 HEAT SINK ONLY REQUIRED (FOR INPUT BRIDGE) PCB DOUBLE LAYER 90x170 mm MAXIMUM HEIGHT: 30 mm
Key Products:
L6562AT (EXT. TEMP. RANGE -40150C) L6599AT (EXT. TEMP. RANGE -40150C) STB21NM60N STB8NM60N STTH3L06U STPS10150CG SEA05
Typical Applications:
LED Street lighting Hi-Reliability SMPS
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
ST Solution: EVL6562A-LED
Constant current modified Buck LED driver using the L6562A
Functionalities:
Input voltage 48V (+/- 20%) Output current (average): 0.35A Output ripple current < 140mA (+/- 20%) Output current setting / calibration Digital dimming Open / Short circuit protection No electrolytic capacitor
Key Products:
L6562A STPS2H100A STN3NF06
Typical Applications:
Street lighting Interior lighting Decorative lighting General lighting
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
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STTH1L06
400V
STP8NM50FP STPSC806D
80W LOAD
PF controller L6562A
PF controller L6562A
STF9NM50N
Design features:
HIGH POWER FACTOR BOOST CONVERTER: Transition mode operation Wide input voltage range 88V to 265V ac Regulated output voltage 400V MODIFIED BUCK CONVERTER: Continuous conduction mode operation Fix Off Time (FOT) network designed LED current setting 350mA, 700mA and 1A
STMicroelectronics
PWM GENERATOR
Microcontroller ST7LITEU05
PWM Generator Ordering code: STEVAL-ILL013V2 PWM GENERATOR: PWM frequency 250Hz 0% to 100% DC variation Input voltage 3.3V to 35V
Brightness Control
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ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL013V1
80W off-line LED driver with dimming based on L6562A
Functionalities:
80W LED driver LED current setting to 350mA, 700mA and 1A High efficiency (~90%) and high Power Factor Wide input voltage range 88V to 265V AC Universal PWM input for dimming (ext. board required) Not isolated SMPS Brightness regulation between 0% and 100% EMI filter implemented EN55015 and EN61000-3-2 compliant
Key Products:
L6562A STTH1L06A STF9NM50N STP8NM50 STPSC806D BUX87
Typical Applications:
Street lighting Interior lighting Decorative lighting
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
STEVAL-ILL013V1 Measurement
LOAD: LE UW E3B - OSTAR LED FROM OSRAM
Power Factor
1
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 85 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 230 240 265 700mA@6LEDs 350mA@12LEDs 1A@4LEDs
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.95 85 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 230 240 265
THD
12.00 10.00
100.00 90.00 80.00
Efficiency
Efficiency [%]
THD [%]
8.00 700mA@6LEDs 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 85 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 230 240 265 350mA@12LEDs 1A@4LEDs
70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 85 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 230 240 265 700mA@6LEDs 350mA@12LEDs 1A@4LEDs
STMicroelectronics
Up to 50W Applications: Transition Mode PFC in Isolated Flyback and Modified Buck Topology
48 V bus ac mains 88 264 Vac
L6562A
High-PF Flyback Converter
R LED G LED B LED
L6562A
Modified Buck CC regulator
L6562A
Modified Buck CC regulator
L6562A
Modified Buck CC regulator
DIMMING
DIMMING
DIMMING
ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL019V1
32W offline RGGB LED driver with individual LED channel brightness regulation Functionalities:
Input voltage (+/- 20%) 4 channels LED48V driver Constant LED current 350mA 0.35A Output current (average): LOAD: 5 to 13 LEDs per each channel Output ripple current < 140mA (+/- 20%) Rated output power: 32W (wide voltage range) Output current setting / calibration Rated output power: 42W (EU voltage range) Digital Isolateddimming SMPS Individual RGGB brightness regulation Open / Short circuit protection EN55015 and EN61000-3-2 No electrolytic capacitorcompliant
PCB double-side, 145 x 75 x 27 mm
Key Products:
L6562AD, STTH1R06U, P6KE300A, STTH3R02S STPS1H100A STTH102A STP7NK80ZFP STS4NF100 TL431AID
Typical Applications:
Decorative lighting Multicolor lighting Wall washing Street Lighting
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 265
THD
18 16 14 12 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 265 30 LEDs 20 LEDs
100.0 90.0 80.0
Efficiency
100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 265 30 LEDs 20 LEDs
Efficiency [%]
THD [%]
10 8 6 4 2 0
STMicroelectronics
LOAD: 30LEDs (9 blue LBW5SN; 6 + 7 green LTW5SN; 8 red LRW5SN) LOAD: 20LEDs (5 blue LBW5SN; 4 + 4 green LTW5SN; 7 red LRW5SN)
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10
11
12
13
LEDs
I led [m A ]
300 250 I led 200 150 100 50 0 12.1 15 17.9 20.8 23.7 26.7 29.7 32.7 35.6 38.7
LED average current 350mA Switching frequency 189kHz LED peak to peak current ripple 57.8mA
V led [V]
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ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL016V2
15W off-line TRIAC dimmable LED driver based on L6562AD and TSM1052 (USA Market - 115 V)
Application note: AN2711 Demoboard available in Q4/Q1
Functionalities:
120 V line (96 V to 132 Vrms) Vout is set at 40 V max Iout is set at 0.7 A maximum average current 0.7 minimum power factor, required for residential use 0.9 or greater power factor, required for commercial use Capable of FCC Class B conducted EMI Emitted acoustic noise less than 24 dBA Isolated output, "safe" voltage Dimmable with low-cost TRIAC based dimmer, average current down to less than 10% of maximum LED current Meets US DOE ENERGY STAR program requirements for SSL luminaires - version 1.0. Key Products:
L6562AD STPS10150CT STP5NK60ZFP TSM1052 AN2711
Typical Applications:
Residential lighting Commercial lighting
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
Efficiency measurement A high efficient LED driving system is mandatory in order to maximize illumination efficiency and reduce power dissipation
Efficiency measurements - Vin = 120 Vac Efficiency vs. conduction angle
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ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL027V1
18W single stage off-line LED driver based on L6562A
Functionalities: Buck-Boost topology Input voltage 48V (+/- 20%) Input voltage: 120VAC +/-10% Output current (average): 0.35A Provides 18W constant power to HBLED Output current 140mA 20%) Able toripple drive 14 to 20 < HBLED in (+/series Output current / calibration Open load and setting short load protection Digital dimming Soft-switching Open / Factor Short circuit Power > 0.8 protection No electrolytic capacitor Efficiency > 87% RoHS Compliant
Key Products:
L6562A STD5NM50 STTH1L06A
Functionalities:
40mm
Purpose & Positioning:
Suitable for solid state lighting solution which requires high power factor, high efficiency in the simplest way and at the lower cost
Typical Applications:
General lighting Residential lighting
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL026V1
3W not-isolated off-line LED driver based on VIPER22AS
Functionalities:
Functionalities:
Inputvoltage voltage48V 90 to 265 VRMS Input (+/20%) Provides 350mA constant current for LED Output current (average): 0.35A Able toripple drive current 3x1W LED in series high precision Output < 140mA (+/-with 20%) constant current ( +/- 5% tolerance) Output current setting / calibration Over temperature protection Digital dimming LED open circuit protection Open / Short circuit protection LED short circuit protection No electrolytic capacitor EN55015 & EN6100-3-2 compliant 230Vac Input version with no Electrolytic Cap.
Typical Applications:
General indoor lighting Halogen lamp replacement Downlight
Key Products:
VIPER22AS-E STTH1R06A
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
STEVAL-ILL026V1 - measurement
Cost effective and compact solution The circuit is able to protect itself from abnormal condition of open load operation In case of short circuit condition the VIPer works at minimum admissible duty cycle until the voltage applied to the Vdd pin falls below the shutdown voltage
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VIPER12A (*)
STEVAL-ILL005V1
85 to 265
3.5 to 15
AN1916
VIPER22A (*)
STEVAL-ILL001V1
350
3.5 to 28
Flyback dimmable
AN2042
VIPER17HN(*)
STEVAL-ILL017V1
176 to 265
500
7 Vmax
Not Isolated Flyback constant current source Buck constant current source
AN2811
VIPER22A
STEVAL-ILL026V1
85 to 265
350
0 to 40
AN2961
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L6562A
STEVAL-ILL016V2
120Vac20%
700mA
40Vmax
AN2711
L6562A
EVL6562A-35WFLB
90 to 265
700mA
48V
35W HP Flyback constant current source 80W PFC Boost + Modified buck converter 130W PFC Boost + LLC LED SMPS 18W single stage off-line LED driver 32W off-line RGGB LED driver
AN2838
L6562A
STEVAL-ILL013V1
85 to 265
350mA, 700mA or 1A
400V
AN2928 UM0670
L6562AT L6599AT
EVL130W-STRLIG
85 to 305
2.7A
48V
DRAFT
L6562A
STEVAL-ILL027V1
120Vac10%
350mA
54V
DRAFT
L6562A
STEVAL-ILL019V1
85 to 265
4x350mA
48V
DRAFT
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Contents
1. LED Basics
2. Driving High Brightness LEDs in General Lighting Off-line LED Drivers DC-DC converters based solutions
STMicroelectronics
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Basic Topologies
BOOST: (Vin<Vout)
CONVENTIONAL
DC SOURCE IN OUT
DC/DC
Converter
BUCK: (Vin>Vout)
CONVENTIONAL FLOATING
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BOOST
VOUT
ISW
Supported by:
VREF L6920D LED7706 LED7707 PM6600 STLD41 (in development)
1 VOUT = VIN 1 D
I SW
1 = IOUT 1 D
r=
VOUT
r2 I LED I SW,RMS = D 1+ 1 D 12
** DREAL>DIDEAL in the formula to compensate for losses. Always check the real duty cycle.
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High-side switch Load referenced to GND Low-side current sensing Supported by: STCF07 L497X L597X L598X Require external FET L6902 L6928
VREF
D VOUT = VIN 1 D
I SW
1 = IOUT 1 D
r=
**D =
r2 I LED I SW,RMS = D 1+ 1 D 12
** DREAL>DIDEAL in the formula to compensate for losses. Always check the real duty cycle.
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High-side switch Load referenced to GND High-side current sensing Negative output Supported by: L497X L597X L598X L6902
VREF
D VOUT = VIN 1 D
I SW
1 = IOUT 1 D
r= VOUT (1 D)2 I LED L f
**D =
r2 I LED I SW,RMS = D 1+ 1 D 12
** DREAL>DIDEAL in the formula to compensate for losses. Always check the real duty cycle.
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SEPIC
IOUT VOUT
ISW
Supported by:
VREF
LED7706 LED7707
D VOUT = VIN 1 D
I SW,RMS IOUT
I SW
1 = IOUT 1 D
**D =
** DREAL>DIDEAL in the formula to compensate for losses. Always check the real duty cycle.
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High-side switch Load referenced to GND Low-side current sensing Supported by:
VREF
VOUT = VIN D
I SW,RMS = I LED r2 D 1+ 12
I SW = IOUT
r=
**D = VOUT
VIN
VOUT (1 D) I LED L f
** DREAL>DIDEAL in the formula to compensate for losses. Always check the real duty cycle.
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ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL010V1
High-intensity LED driver with dimming based on L6902
Functionalities:
Buck topology Input voltage Vin: 8 V to 30 Vdc Designed for 350mA LEDs Fully dimmable board Easy modification for higher current Analog dimming Digital (PWM) dimming Maximum output voltage limited 5 LEDs can be driven with 700mA output current (Vf = 4.4V) 6 LEDs can be driven with 350mA output current (Vf = 4V)
Key Products:
L6902D STPS340U
Typical Applications:
Architectural lighting General Lighting Gaming Machine
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL023V1
High Efficiency Switching LED Driver for High Current LEDs based on L6726A
Functionalities:
Buck topology Input voltage Vin: 8V to 18V Output voltage (with Vin= 18 V): 2.5V to 14 V Output current ILED: 1A / 1.5A / 2.8A Analog dimming (with ILED= 0 A) : 0V to 2.5V Low level PWM signal: 0 V High level PWM signal: 2.8V to 3.8V (typ.: 3.3V) Duty cycle (at fdim = 200 Hz) : 0% to 99% Efficiency (with Vin =18 V and Vout = 12.6V): 94.8%
Key Products:
L6726A L78L06ACU STS8DNH3LL STPS1l30A TS821B
Typical Applications:
General lighting Architectural lighting Decoration lighting Reading lighting Cabinet Lighting
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
CN1
Vcc18V 1 2 3 U1 C1 22uF 3 IN L78L06AC OUT GND 2 1 Vcc6V C4 10uF C6 100nF U2 5 1N4148 R6 10R L6726A Boot 1 Boot C7 100nF R7 2 8 4 2R2 Phase R8 Lgate C5 D1 100nF TS821 R5 6k8 C3 82nF 2R2 4 3 D3 STPS1L30M 5 6 Q1 STS8DNH3LL Ugate 2 1 C8 4.7uF L1 Inductor 10uH C9 22uF R9 0R56 OUT-K OUT-A 8 7 P1 1 2 3 D2
8-18V K375A
6 7
Vcc
R2 1k1
R10 0R56
GND
40
1.225V R1 0.8V FB
VCC 2.8A
2.8A
FB
0.8V
R2
0.28V
Ploss
Rsen
TS821
Ploss
Rsen
GND
0.784W
GND
41
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Vdd
Vss PWM
ST7LITEU05
CLKIN NC
ICCCLK AIN2
RESET
ICC programming
43
VLX2 VOUT
STCF07
FB2 FB2S
RLC
NTC RX
Adjustable current in both modes True shutdown OVP(5.3V), OTP, SCP < 1A shutdown current QFN 4 x 4 x 1 mm 16 leads
Typical Application
LED Flashlight Camera flash
STMicroelectronics
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DRAIN
STCS05/1/2/A
FB
Load Disconnection
STMicroelectronics
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ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL014V1
Constant current controller for high brightness LEDs based on STCS1A
Functionalities:
Linear topology Input voltage (VIN): 4.5V to 40V Less than 0.5V voltage overhead Up to 1.5A output current Selectable PWM dimming (internal circuit/ ext input) Shutdown pin Open LED failure detection
Key Products:
STCS1APUR BAT46ZFILM TS3702IPT L78L05ABUTR
Typical Applications:
Advertising kiosk Backlight Automotive interior and exterior lighting Emergency vehicle warning lights Small appliances lighting General lighting
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
LED7706
STEVAL-ILL020V1
4.5V to 32V
AN2809
LED7707
STEVAL-ILL021V1
4.5V to 32V
AN2810
L6726A
STEVAL-ILL023V1
8V to 18V
1A / 1.5A / 2.8A
UM0677
STLD40D L6562A
STEVAL-TLL001V1 EVL6562A-LED
3V to 5.5V 48V
up to 20mA 350mA
AN2333 AN2928
48
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Contents
1. LED Basics
2. Driving High Brightness LEDs in General Lighting Off-line LED Drivers DC-DC converters based solutions
STMicroelectronics
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SMPS
Data Bus Flat Ribbon cable
Modular Concept
MAIN PROCESSOR
LED Block
Temperature Sensor
Circuit Block
MCU
Control Panel
SPI
LED Driver
OER/G/B
SPI
Brightness
Speed
Mode
LED Driver
SPI
DM
MAIN PROCESSOR
LE
LED Driver
Cluster
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Color Control:
Depends on three fundamental color components: Red, Green and Blue. The RGB components are used to get the desiderate colors according to the image data processing and the white point at different color temperatures. Color and temperature sensors are generally used.
White Point Area Color Gamut
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SPI Interface
Serial Out
Rext
Constant current
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Power MOS
V-LED
LED1 -----------> LED 16 LED17 ------> LED 32 LEDn ------> LEDn +16
STP16CP05
SDI SDO SDI
STP16CP05
SDO SDI
STP16CP05
SDO
REXT
REXT
OE LE
Micro
LE = Latch Enable
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ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL015V1
RGB LED Array based on STP24DP05 and STM32F103C6
Functionalities:
Two STP24DP05 with 16 RGB LEDs. STM32 MCU using a cost effective internal HS oscillator. JTAG interface for MCU firmware change/update. Mini USB connector for interconnection with PC GUI Test point to simplify electrical evaluation. Buttons and a knob to control the board. Error and Over-Temperature Flag for each LED driver. LED failure (Open and short) simulation Input voltage range 7.5V - 18V.
Key Products:
STP24DP05BTR STM32F103C6T6 ST1S10PUR LD3985M33R USBUF01P6
Typical Applications:
LED Diplay Scoreboards LCD Backlighting Traffic diplay and Road Signs
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
Order Code
Description
32 LEDs Array Reference Board
Feature
- Adjustable Brightness - Adjustable Blinking Speed - Animated Text - Animated Text - Adjustable Blinking Speed - GPS Interface - audio output for playback of the prerecorded .wav files - Adjustable Brightness - Adjustable Blinking Speed - Animated Text - Error Detection Feature - Adjustable Brightness - Adjustable Blinking Speed - Animated Text - Error Detection Feature - Adjustable Brightness - Adjustable Blinking Speed - Animated Text - PowerLED Driving - Adjustable Brightness -JTAG interface for C firmware change/update -Mini USB connector for PC GUI connection - Error Detection Feature
Application Notes
AN2241
Power Supply
Standard Supply Connector
STEVAL-ILL003V2
STP16DP05
STEVAL-ILL024V1 STEVAL-ILL025V1
Mother/slave board for LED display based on STM32. 16 x 32 LED matrix display unit
UM DRAFT
STP08DP05
STEVAL-ILL002V3
AN2415 AN2478
STP08DP05
STEVAL-ILL002V4
AN2415 AN2478
STP04CM05
RGB LED Reference Board OSTAR Projection Module Golden Dragon LEDs
AN2531
STP24DP05
STEVAL-ILL015V1
UM0574
STMicroelectronics
P/N
STP04CM05 STP08/16CP05 STPIC6D595 STP08/16DP05 STP16CPS05 STP16CPP05 STP16CPPS05 STP16DPP05 STP16DPPS05 STP16CPC05
VDD
Io
80400mA 5100mA 100/250 mA 5100mA 5100mA 3-40mA 3-40mA 3-40mA 3-40mA 5100mA 5-80mA
Key Features
Key Advantage
35.5V 3.3-5.5V 5.V 3 - 5.5V 3.3-5.5V 3.3-5.5V 3.3-5.5V 3.3-5.5V 3.3-5.5V 3.3-5.5V
Integrated solution 4 High current channels Constant current Fast Ton/Toff Response Low side driver Fast Ton/Toff Response Fast Ton/Toff Response with LED Error Detection Auto Power Saving Low current LED driver Auto Power saving Low current Full LED Error detection, Low current ,Full Error Detection, PowerSaving Symmetrical Ton/off (100nS) , 12/16 bit PWM control, Full LED Error Detection Gain current adjust, advanced thermal management 8CHX3 indipendent groups driver, full LED error Detection EXISTING PRODUCT
Best solution to supply high power LEDs (RGGB) Possibility to increase video display frame rate Inexpensive Led Driver solution for H.B. LEDs To control LEDs status in road signs Significant power savings for Green application High accuracy ~ 1% at 3mA Auto Power shutdown, wake up does not need ext.signal To control LEDs status in road signs Significant power savings for Green application + LED Status control Reduces switching inrush current and ghost effect For High End Display, footprint compatible with basic STP16xx series Suitable soluiton for middle-end video display (RGB)
16
Channel
STP1612PW05
3.3-5.5V
24
Channel
STP24DP05
3.3-5.5V
5-80mA
STMicroelectronics
NEW PRODUCT
65
STP1612PW05: Low Voltage 16-channel LED Driver with Gain control , PWM and LED Failure Detection
Key Features
5v 3.3v
LED Block
Temperature Sensor
STP1612PW05
MCU
SPI
2 15 16
STP1612PW05
SPI
Brightness
Speed
Mode
SPI
PWM Clk
OE
LE
Application
Video display LED panels, RGB backlighting
Package
STP1612PW05MTR (SO-24) STP1612PW05TTR (TSSOP-24) STP1612PW05XTTR (HTSSOP-24)
Pre-Production
STMicroelectronics
STP1612PW05
16-channel 3-to-60mA Constant Current 12/16-bit Grayscale PWM Control Selectable enhanced PWM for ghost effect reduction 8-bit GAIN control with two selectable ranges for global LED brightness adjustment Full Output LED Error Detection Programmable Progressive output delay 30MHz Clock Frequency Timeout alert if clock signal is missing
Circuit Block
66 66
Contents
1. LED Basics
2. Driving High Brightness LEDs in General Lighting Off-line LED Drivers DC-DC converters based solutions
STMicroelectronics
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Larger display have traditionally used Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs). Compared to CCFL, LED allows:
Thinner backlight design Advanced backlight architectures
LEDs now are penetrating larger LCD modules Notebooks have largest adoption today-exceed 30% in 2009 Monitor an TVs are emerging markets
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Assume the LEDs have a VF range of 3.0V to 3.6V (Typ. 3.3V) and we want 20mA:
5V 5V 5V 5V 5V 5V
Vx
Vx
R= (5V-3.3V)/20mA = 85 ILED1 = (5V-3.0V)/ 85 = 24mA ILED2 = (5V-3.6V)/ 85 = 16mA Low cost Poor matching Not suitable for backlight
STMicroelectronics
Real Implementation
Active circuit maintains Vf voltage difference drop across the transistor LED Current is set by Vx/R Best Current matching(1% to 2%) Suitable for backlight LED driver
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Vs
Vs
Vs
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Direct-type backlight
LED driver LED driver LED driver
LEDs are placed along the edge(s) of the LCD panel This technique is generally used in the small panels (up to 20) LCD panel thickness is reduced (<2mm thick) Brightness uniformity might become inconsistent increasing the size of the panel
STMicroelectronics
LEDs array are organized behind the LCD panel (matrix organization) This technique is often used in large LCD panels (30 +) Allows to use enhanced brightness control such as local dimming and scanning Brightness uniformity
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Power
LCD Bias IC
Row driver
Column Driver Column Driver Column Driver
Video
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VIN
CIN VIN
FB ILED
GND
LED770x: WLEDs Backlight Driver for medium/large LCD panels (MNT & TV)
BOOST SECTION
4.5V to 36V Input Voltage range Internal Power-MOSFET Up to 93% Efficiency Up to 36V Output Voltage 200kHz to 1MHz Switching Frequency Programmable Soft-Start, OVP and OCP External sync for multi-device application
Input voltage range: 4.5V to Vout Output voltage: up to 36V
FAULT MNGMT
DIM RILIM Shorted LED and open row management PWM dimming
STEVAL-ILL020V1
TARGETED APPLICATIONS
Consumer: Mid to large size LCD (TV & MNT) Automotive: navigation displays and dashboards Industrial: lighting, displays
STEVAL-ILL021V1
STMicroelectronics
76
MLCC
Slope Compensation
+5V
AVCC OVSEL VIN LX SLOPE
LDO5 Internal MOS OCP BILIM Rows current select. RILIM SS COMP SGND DIM
LED770x
FAULT EN SYNC MODE
STMicroelectronics
77
LED7706: Efficiency
Vin = 24V
100 90 80 70 Efficiency [% ] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 DIM duty cycle [%] fDIM = 500Hz fDIM = 20kHz
FULL LOAD
LIGHT LOAD
VIN=24V, VOUT=34V (6x 10WLEDs 100mV VF spread), ILED=20mA Switching Frequency: fSW=660kHz, L=6.8H
STMicroelectronics
78
Power supply is typically 24V Local dimming improves LCD technology drawbacks:
Contrast ratio Power Consumption
Backlight is adjusted according to the picture content and the area of the screen Scanned backlight improves motion blur effect and it can be combined with local dimming
STMicroelectronics
79
STMicroelectronics
80