Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 721 views

    Four Paths of Influence Kenneth Leithwood

    Uploaded by

    Mohamad Iskandar
    This document discusses how leadership influences student learning through four paths: rational, emotions, organizational, and family. It finds leadership has indirect effects on learning by engaging teachers' knowledge, motivations, working conditions, and understanding of students' families. Leadership practices like setting directions, developing people and managing instructional programs influence these paths. Studies show higher achieving schools attribute more influence to various leadership sources, and distributing leadership in a coordinated, planful way positively impacts student achievement more than uncoordinated models.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Four Paths of Influence Kenneth Leithwood

    Uploaded by

    Mohamad Iskandar
    721 views28 pages
    This document discusses how leadership influences student learning through four paths: rational, emotions, organizational, and family. It finds leadership has indirect effects on learning by engaging teachers' knowledge, motivations, working conditions, and understanding of students' families. Leadership practices like setting directions, developing people and managing instructional programs influence these paths. Studies show higher achieving schools attribute more influence to various leadership sources, and distributing leadership in a coordinated, planful way positively impacts student achievement more than uncoordinated models.

    Original Description:

    Empat Cara Untuk Mempengaruhi Subordinat Oleh Kenneth Leithwood

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses how leadership influences student learning through four paths: rational, emotions, organizational, and family. It finds leadership has indirect effects on learning by engaging teachers' knowledge, motivations, working conditions, and understanding of students' families. Leadership practices like setting directions, developing people and managing instructional programs influence these paths. Studies show higher achieving schools attribute more influence to various leadership sources, and distributing leadership in a coordinated, planful way positively impacts student achievement more than uncoordinated models.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    721 views28 pages

    Four Paths of Influence Kenneth Leithwood

    Uploaded by

    Mohamad Iskandar
    This document discusses how leadership influences student learning through four paths: rational, emotions, organizational, and family. It finds leadership has indirect effects on learning by engaging teachers' knowledge, motivations, working conditions, and understanding of students' families. Leadership practices like setting directions, developing people and managing instructional programs influence these paths. Studies show higher achieving schools attribute more influence to various leadership sources, and distributing leadership in a coordinated, planful way positively impacts student achievement more than uncoordinated models.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    of 28
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that leadership has an indirect but significant impact on student learning through four paths: rational, emotions, organizational, and family. Leadership needs to be distributed across multiple roles but in a coordinated way.

    The four paths leadership influence can travel to impact student learning are the rational path, emotions path, organizational path, and family path.

    Some examples of consequential variables in the classroom that are part of the rational path include instructional time, content coverage, instructional quality, and diagnostic adaptation. In the school, examples include academic press and disciplinary climate.

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning

    An Evidence-based Perspective
    Kenneth Leithwood
    Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) University of Toronto

    What We Know About the Size of Leadership Effects


    The Quantitative Evidence
    Large scale studies of leadership effects on student
    learning (e.g., Hallinger & Heck, 1996) Large scale quantitative studies of individual leadership practices on student learning (e.g., Waters, Marzano & McNulty, 2003) Large scale quantitative studies of leadership effects on student engagement in school (e.g., Leithwood & Jantzi, 1999; Silins & Mulford, 2002)

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    What We Know About the Size of Leadership Effects The Qualitative Evidence
    Qualitative case studies of exceptional or
    turnaround schools (e.g., Reitzug & Patterson, 1998) Leadership succession studies (e.g., Hargreaves & Moore, 2004)

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Key Starting Points


    Leadership is the exercise of influence. The effects of leadership on student learning are mostly indirect.

    So.the fundamental question is

    What pathways does leadership influence travel when it has an impact on student learning?
    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Four Paths of Leadership Influence on Student Learning

    Rational Path

    School-wide Experience

    Leadership Practices

    Emotions Path Student Learning Organizational Path Classroom Experience

    Family Path

    The Rational Path


    Engages staff knowledge and skill which have an impact on: quality of instruction teacher retention teacher self and collective efficacy student learning

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    The Rational Path


    examples of

    Consequential Variables

    In the classroom

    instructional time content coverage instructional quality diagnostic adaptation

    In the school
    academic press disciplinary climate

    Calls for leaders knowledge of the technical core and expert problem-solving processes

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    The Emotions Path


    Engages teachers motivations which have an impact on: quality of instruction engagement in the school teacher retention student learning

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Emotions Direct Cognition


    Emotions structure perception, direct attention, give
    preferential access to certain memories, and bias judgment in ways that help the individual respond to the environment in ways that we recognize as valuable aspects of our humanity.
    Oatley & Jenkins, 2006

    Emotions are a solution to a general problem: they


    set priorities among the very different goals that impinge upon individuals at any moment in time.
    Simon, 1967

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    The Emotions Path


    examples of

    Consequential Variables

    Teacher efficacy Commitment Stress Trust Morale

    Calls for leaders social appraisal skills and emotional intelligence

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    The Organizational Path


    Engages the context in which teachers work, the schools infrastructure, and teachers working conditions -- with an impact on: teachers emotions opportunities for teachers to do what they
    know how to do student learning
    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    The Organizational Path


    examples of

    Consequential Variables

    In class Instructional time Complexity of teachers workload In school Calls for leaders Professional networks to engage in Structures to support holistic systems
    collaboration
    thinking

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    The Family Path


    Engages the familys educational culture which has an impact on students:

    educational aspirations vocational aspirations retention learning

    This pathway also influences staffs understanding of students social capital useful for their learning
    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    The Family Path


    Examples of

    Consequential Variables

    Parental expectation Parent role models Connections with other


    adults Space and time in the home for school-related work

    Calls for leaders understanding of student learning as co-produced by families and schools

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Leadership Practices Which Exercise Influence



    Setting Directions Developing People Redesigning the Organization Managing the Instructional Program

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Group Goals

    Vision

    Setting Directions

    Expectations

    Communication

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Intellectual Stimulation

    Modeling

    Developing People

    Individualized Support

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Families and Communities

    Culture

    Redesigning the Organization

    Structures

    Connections

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Resource Allocation

    Staffing

    Managing the Instructional Program

    Buffering

    Monitoring

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    The Distribution of Leadership Practices

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Leadership Practices

    School

    Study One: Influence and Achievement


    5.5 5

    Ratings (Influence: 0-6)

    Q1 Q2 Q3

    4.5

    4 Q4 3.5 Q5

    Other S A

    Sch Team

    Principal

    Leadership Sources

    Tea Role

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Student

    Ind Par

    Par Adv

    District

    Ind Tea

    Rating of Leadership Sources by Quintiles Based on Student Achievement


    Schools in the highest quintile attributed relatively
    high levels of influence to all sources of leadership Schools in the lowest quintile attributed relatively low levels of influence to all sources of leadership Highest quintile schools, as compared to the lowest, differed most in ratings of teams, parents and students Principals were rated as having highest influence in schools in ALL quintiles
    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Study Two: Alternate Patterns of Leadership Distribution


    Anarchic Misalignment

    Planful Alignment

    Spontaneous Misalignment

    Spontaneous Alignment

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Academic Optimism as the Dependent Variable Hoy, Tarter & Woolfolk Hoy (2006)
    Faculty trust in parents and students Teachers collective efficacy Academic emphasis
    Strong effects on student achievement in reading, writing, social studies, science and math

    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    Academic Optimism Under Coordinated and Uncoordinated Patterns of Distribution


    Planful Alignment
    5.00
    5.00

    Spontaneous Misalignment

    4.00

    4.00

    3.00

    3.00

    2.00

    2.00

    1.00

    1.00

    0.00 1 2 3 4
    Optimism Pessimism

    0.00

    4
    Optimism Pessimism

    Concluding Thoughts about Leadership


    Second only to classroom instruction Central to realizing synergistic effects We know a lot about what successful
    leaders do Their influence travels along at least four paths Leadership needs to be distributed but in a coordinated way
    How Leadership Influences Student Learning Ken Leithwood

    You might also like