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EN 1991-1-4:2005 (E) Eurocode 1: Actions On Structures Part 1-4: General Actions - Wind Actions

This document discusses Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures Part 1-4: General Actions - Wind Actions. It provides an overview of the calculation procedure for wind actions according to EN 1991-1-4, including determining peak velocity pressure, wind pressures on structures, and wind forces. It also covers wind pressure coefficients and their effect on loaded area size. The peak velocity pressure considers mean wind velocity and wind turbulence. Exposure factors include terrain category and orography. Wind maps of Germany show basic wind speeds used to determine design wind actions.

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Manuel Valente
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245 views

EN 1991-1-4:2005 (E) Eurocode 1: Actions On Structures Part 1-4: General Actions - Wind Actions

This document discusses Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures Part 1-4: General Actions - Wind Actions. It provides an overview of the calculation procedure for wind actions according to EN 1991-1-4, including determining peak velocity pressure, wind pressures on structures, and wind forces. It also covers wind pressure coefficients and their effect on loaded area size. The peak velocity pressure considers mean wind velocity and wind turbulence. Exposure factors include terrain category and orography. Wind maps of Germany show basic wind speeds used to determine design wind actions.

Uploaded by

Manuel Valente
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Niemann & Partner

EN 1991-1-4:2005 (E) Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures Part 1-4: General Actions - Wind Actions
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Hans-Jrgen Niemann
Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Germany Niemann & Partner Consulting Engineers, Bochum [email protected]

MASE - Seminar on Eurocodes Skopje 30. March 2011

Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers

EN 1991-1-4 Wind Actions - Overview

Calculation Procedure for Wind Actions Parameter Peak velocity pressure qp Wind pressures, e.g. for claddings, fixings and structural parts external pressure we = cpeqp(ze) internal pressure wi = cpiqp(zi) Wind forces on structures, e.g. for overall wind effects Fw = cscdcf qp(ze)Aref

Wind Pressures: Internal and External Pressures

at

Wind Pressures Coefficients Effect of Loaded Area


The size effect is considered for loaded areas A up to 10m.
for 1m<A<10m: cpe,A = cpe,1 (cpe,1 cpe,10)lgA

Example: Vertical walls of rectangular plan buildings

Peak Velocity Pressure qp

Time series of the wind velocity

The peak velocity pressure includes the mean wind vm and the short term velocity fluctuations due to wind turbulence.
, = 1,25 kg/m

mean wind velocity pressure wind turbulence intensity


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Peak Velocity Pressure: Exposure Factor ce The exposure factor ce is defined through
where is the basic velocity pressure taken from the wind map

2 2 c e = [1 + 7Iv ( z )] c r ( z ) co (z)

roughness factor for the terrain category

orography factor for the wind speed-up over hills and escarpments

Orography factor cO: the mean wind profile over orography The mean wind velocity at height z above ground depends on terrain roughness and terrain contour, the so-called orography Top of a Hill

Flat Terrain

orography factor cO
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Terrain factor cr: terrain categories (1)

roughness length z0 = 0,003 m minimum height zmin = 1 m terrain factor kr = 0,156 roughness factor at z = 10 m cr(10) = 1,266

roughness length z0 = 0,01m minimum height zmin = 1 m terrain factor kr = 0,170 roughness factor at z = 10 m cr(10) = 1,173

- reference terrain

roughness length z0 = 0,05 m minimum height zmin = 2 m terrain factor kr = 0,190 roughness factor at z = 10 m cr(10) = 1

Terrain factor cr: terrain categories (2)

roughness length z0 = 0,3 m minimum height zmin = 5 m terrain factor kr = 0,198 roughness factor at z = 10 m cr(10) = 0,694

roughness length z0 = 1,0 m minimum height zmin = 10 m terrain factor kr = 0,234 roughness factor at z = 10 m cr(10) = 0,540
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Exposure Factor ce: profiles of the peak velocity pressure, qp

Exposure factor ce = qp/qb for flat terrain where co = 1

10

Wind Map of Germany for the basic wind speed

vb,0

qb,0

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Calculation of Wind Forces

qp(z)

EN model for Wind Forces

structural factor aerodynamic force coefficient peak velocity pressure at height ze reference area

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Wind Forces the Structural Factor cscd

kp = ratio of the peak response and its standard deviation 1 It allows for the effect of non-simultaneous occurrence of the force peaks on the structure

The structural factor (i) reduces the peak velocity pressure for the size effect, (ii) increases it for response amplification by resonance to turbulence.

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Wind Forces the Structural Factor cscd (contd)


n1 natural frequency 0,46 Hz 0,51 Hz 0,58 Hz 0,66 Hz 0,77 Hz 0,92 Hz 1,15 Hz

cs decreases as height and width increase cd increases as the height increases due to decrease of n1

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Wind Pressures on Large Roofs Effect of Loaded Area


Windkanaleinbauten

MSV Arena Duisburg

BayArena Leverkusen
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Wind Pressures Size Effect of Loaded Area

Hinterkante

resultierende Windlast

Dachmitte

Vorderkante

20 Zeit in Sekunden

40

60
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Wind Pressures Small Loaded Areas


-1,60 -1,20 -0,80 -1,50 -1,70 -0,70 -1,00 -1,60 -1,20 -0,80

-1,80

-1,30

-0,80 -1,60

-1,00 -0,70 -1,70 -1,50

-0,80 -1,60
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-1,30

-1,80

Thank you for your attention

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Hans-Jrgen Niemann


Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Germany Niemann & Partner Consulting Engineers, Bochum [email protected]

Niemann & Partner

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