GMSH Manual

Gmsh
Gmsh Reference Manual

The documentation for Gmsh 2.8 A nite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities 29 September 2013
Christophe Geuzaine Jean-Fran cois Remacle
Copyright c 1997-2013 Christophe Geuzaine, Jean-Fran cois Remacle Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Short Contents
Obtaining Gmsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Copying conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 How to read this reference manual? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 Running Gmsh on your system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4 General tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5 Geometry module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6 Mesh module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7 Solver module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 8 Post-processing module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 9 File formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 A Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 B Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 C Compiling the source code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 D Information for developers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 E Frequently asked questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 F Version history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 G Copyright and credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 H License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Concept index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Syntax index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
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Table of Contents
Obtaining Gmsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Copying conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Geometry: geometrical entity denition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh: nite element mesh generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solver: external solver interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post-processing: scalar, vector and tensor eld visualization . . . . . What Gmsh is pretty good at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and what Gmsh is not so good at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bug reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 6 6 6 7 8
2 3
How to read this reference manual? . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.1 Syntactic rules used in the manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Running Gmsh on your system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Interactive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-interactive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command-line options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mouse actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keyboard shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 12 15 16
General tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1 4.2 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1 Floating point expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.2 Character expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3 Color expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Built-in functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 User-dened functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Loops and conditionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 General commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 General options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 19 19 21 22 22 23 25 25 26 30
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Gmsh 2.8
Geometry module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.1 Geometry commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2 Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.3 Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.4 Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.5 Extrusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.6 Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.7 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Geometry options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 37
Mesh module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
6.1 6.2 6.3 Choosing the right unstructured algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary vs. physical entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.1 Specifying mesh element sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.2 Structured grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.3 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Mesh options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 40 41 41 55 58 60
7 8
Solver module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7.1 Solver options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Post-processing module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
8.1 8.2 8.3 Post-processing commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Post-processing plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Post-processing options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
File formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
9.1 9.2 9.3 MSH ASCII le format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 MSH binary le format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Node ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 9.3.1 Low order elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 9.3.2 High order elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 9.4 Legacy formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 9.4.1 MSH le format version 1.0 (Legacy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 9.4.2 POS ASCII le format (Legacy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 9.4.3 POS binary le format (Legacy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Appendix A
A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 A.7 A.8 A.9 A.10 A.11 A.12 A.13 A.14 A.15
Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
107 109 111 113 115 119 120 120 124 125 127 128 130 131 133
t1.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t2.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t3.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t4.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t5.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t6.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t7.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t8.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t9.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t10.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t11.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t12.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t13.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t14.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t15.geo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix B
B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 B.5
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
135 161 167 184 188
General options list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry options list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh options list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solver options list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post-processing options list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix C Appendix D
D.1 D.2 D.3
Compiling the source code . . . . . 207 Information for developers . . . . . 211
Source code structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Coding style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Adding a new option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Appendix E
E.1 E.2 E.3 E.4 E.5 E.6 E.7
Frequently asked questions . . . . . 213

213 213 214 214 215 217 217
The basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solver module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post-processing module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H
Version history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Copyright and credits . . . . . . . . . . . 235 License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
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Gmsh 2.8
Concept index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Syntax index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Obtaining Gmsh
Obtaining Gmsh
The source code and various pre-compiled versions of Gmsh (for Windows, Mac and Unix) can be downloaded from http://geuz.org/gmsh/. Gmsh is also directly available in prepackaged form in various Linux and BSD distributions (Debian, Ubuntu, FreeBSD, ...). If you use Gmsh, we would appreciate that you mention it in your work by citing the following paper: C. Geuzaine and J.-F. Remacle, Gmsh: a three-dimensional nite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Volume 79, Issue 11, pages 1309-1331, 2009. A preprint of that paper as well as other references and the latest news about Gmsh development are available on http://geuz.org/gmsh/.
Copying conditions
Copying conditions
Gmsh is free software; this means that everyone is free to use it and to redistribute it on a free basis. Gmsh is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions on its distribution, but these restrictions are designed to permit everything that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. What is not allowed is to try to prevent others from further sharing any version of Gmsh that they might get from you. Specically, we want to make sure that you have the right to give away copies of Gmsh, that you receive source code or else can get it if you want it, that you can change Gmsh or use pieces of Gmsh in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things. To make sure that everyone has such rights, we have to forbid you to deprive anyone else of these rights. For example, if you distribute copies of Gmsh, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must tell them their rights. Also, for our own protection, we must make certain that everyone nds out that there is no warranty for Gmsh. If Gmsh is modied by someone else and passed on, we want their recipients to know that what they have is not what we distributed, so that any problems introduced by others will not reect on our reputation. The precise conditions of the license for Gmsh are found in the General Public License that accompanies the source code (see Appendix H [License], page 239). Further information about this license is available from the GNU Project webpage http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-faq.html. Detailed copyright information can be found in Appendix G [Copyright and credits], page 235. If you want to integrate parts of Gmsh into a closed-source software, or want to sell a modied closed-source version of Gmsh, you will need to obtain a dierent license. Please contact us directly for more information.
Chapter 1: Overview
1 Overview
Gmsh is a three-dimensional nite element grid generator with a build-in CAD engine and post-processor. Its design goal is to provide a fast, light and user-friendly meshing tool with parametric input and advanced visualization capabilities. Gmsh is built around four modules: geometry, mesh, solver and post-processing. All geometrical, mesh, solver and post-processing instructions are prescribed either interactively using the graphical user interface (GUI) or in text les using Gmshs own scripting language. Interactive actions generate language bits in the input les, and vice versa. This makes it possible to automate all treatments, using loops, conditionals and external system calls. A brief description of the four modules is given hereafter.
1.1 Geometry: geometrical entity denition

Gmsh uses a boundary representation (BRep) to describe geometries. Models are created in a bottom-up ow by successively dening points, oriented lines (line segments, circles, ellipses, splines, . . . ), oriented surfaces (plane surfaces, ruled surfaces, triangulated surfaces, . . . ) and volumes. Groups of geometrical entities (called physical groups) can also be dened, based on these elementary geometric entities. Gmshs scripting language allows all geometrical entities to be fully parametrized.
1.2 Mesh: nite element mesh generation

A nite element mesh is a tessellation of a given subset of the three-dimensional space by elementary geometrical elements of various shapes (in Gmshs case: lines, triangles, quadrangles, tetrahedra, prisms, hexahedra and pyramids), arranged in such a way that if two of them intersect, they do so along a face, an edge or a node, and never otherwise. All the nite element meshes produced by Gmsh are considered as unstructured, even if they were generated in a structured way (e.g., by extrusion). This implies that the elementary geometrical elements are dened only by an ordered list of their nodes but that no predened order relation is assumed between any two elements. The mesh generation is performed in the same bottom-up ow as the geometry creation: lines are discretized rst; the mesh of the lines is then used to mesh the surfaces; then the mesh of the surfaces is used to mesh the volumes. In this process, the mesh of an entity is only constrained by the mesh of its boundary. For example, in three dimensions, the triangles discretizing a surface will be forced to be faces of tetrahedra in the nal 3D mesh only if the surface is part of the boundary of a volume; the line elements discretizing a curve will be forced to be edges of tetrahedra in the nal 3D mesh only if the curve is part of the boundary of a surface, itself part of the boundary of a volume; a single node discretizing a point in the middle of a volume will be forced to be a vertex of one of the tetrahedra in the nal 3D mesh only if this point is connected to a curve, itself part of the boundary of a surface, itself part of the boundary of a volume. This automatically assures the conformity of the mesh when, for example, two surfaces share a common line. But this also implies that the discretization of an isolated (n-1)-th dimensional entity inside an n-th dimensional entity does not constrain the n-th dimensional meshunless it is explicitly told to do so (see Section 6.3.3 [Miscellaneous mesh commands], page 58). Every meshing step is constrained by a size eld (sometimes called characteristic length eld), which
Gmsh 2.8
prescribes the desired size of the elements in the mesh. This size eld can be uniform, specied by values associated with points in the geometry, or dened by general elds (for example related to the distance to some boundary, to a arbitrary scalar eld dened on another mesh, etc.). For each meshing step, all structured mesh directives are executed rst, and serve as additional constraints for the unstructured parts1 .
1.3 Solver: external solver interface

External solvers can be interfaced with Gmsh through Unix or TCP/IP sockets, which permits to modify solver parameters, launch external computations and process the results directly from within Gmshs post-processing module. The default solver interfaced with Gmsh is GetDP (http://geuz.org/getdp/). Examples on how to interface other solvers are available in the source distribution (in the utils/solvers/ directory).
1.4 Post-processing: scalar, vector and tensor eld visualization

Gmsh can load and manipulate multiple post-processing scalar, vector or tensor maps along with the geometry and the mesh. Scalar elds are represented by iso-value lines/surfaces or color maps, while vector elds are represented by three-dimensional arrows or displacement maps. Post-processing functions include section computation, oset, elevation, boundary and component extraction, color map and range modication, animation, vector graphic output, etc. All the post-processing options can be accessed either interactively or through the input script les. Scripting permits to automate all post-processing operations, as for example to create animations. User-dened operations can also be performed on postprocessing views through dynamically loadable plugins.
1.5 What Gmsh is pretty good at . . .

Here is a tentative list of what Gmsh does best: quickly describe simple and/or repetitive geometries, thanks to user-dened functions, loops, conditionals and includes (see Section 4.5 [User-dened functions], page 25, Section 4.6 [Loops and conditionals], page 25, and Section 4.7 [General commands], page 26); parametrize these geometries. Gmshs scripting language enables all commands and command arguments to depend on previous calculations (see Section 4.2 [Expressions], page 19, and Section 5.1 [Geometry commands], page 31); generate 1D, 2D and 3D simplicial (i.e., using line segments, triangles and tetrahedra) nite element meshes for CAD models in their native format (without translations) when linked with the appropriate CAD kernel (see Chapter 6 [Mesh module], page 39); specify target element sizes accurately. Gmsh provides several mechanisms to control the size of the elements in the nal mesh: through interpolation from sizes specied at
1
Note that mixing structured volume grids with unstructured volume grids generated with the default 3D Delaunay algorithm can result, in certain cases, to non-conform surface meshes on their shared boundary. If this happens, you may consider using the frontal algorithm for the unstructured part.
Chapter 1: Overview
geometry points or using exible mesh size elds (see Section 6.3 [Mesh commands], page 41); create simple extruded geometries and meshes (see Section 5.1 [Geometry commands], page 31, and Section 6.3 [Mesh commands], page 41); interact with external solvers through a simple client-server architecture (see Chapter 7 [Solver module], page 61); visualize and export computational results in a great variety of ways. Gmsh can display scalar, vector and tensor datasets, perform various operations on the resulting postprocessing views (see Chapter 8 [Post-processing module], page 63), can export plots in many dierent formats (see Section B.1 [General options list], page 135), and can generate complex animations (see Chapter 4 [General tools], page 19, and Section A.8 [t8.geo], page 120); run on low end machines and/or machines with no graphical interface. Gmsh can be compiled with or without the GUI (see Appendix C [Compiling the source code], page 207), and all versions can be used either interactively or directly from the command line (see Chapter 3 [Running Gmsh on your system], page 11); congure your preferred options. Gmsh has a large number of conguration options that can be set interactively using the GUI, scattered inside command les, changed on the y in scripts, set in per-user conguration les, or specied on the command-line (see Chapter 3 [Running Gmsh on your system], page 11 and Appendix B [Options], page 135); and do all the above on various platforms (Windows, Mac and Unix), for free (see [Copying conditions], page 3), using simple script les and/or a small but powerful GUI.
1.6 . . . and what Gmsh is not so good at

As of version 2.8, here are some known weaknesses of Gmsh: the BRep approach for describing geometries can become inconvenient/inecient for large models. For complex models, or if you want to use a solid-modeler approach, you should link Gmsh with an external CAD kernel and import native les directly. (The binary versions available on http://geuz.org/gmsh/ are linked with the free CAD kernel OpenCASCADE, which enables native BREP import as well as STEP and IGES import.) Gmshs internal CAD engine is fairly limited: it only handles simple primitives and does not perform any complex geometrical operations (e.g. no calculation of intersections). For such features you should link Gmsh with an external CAD kernel (see above). Gmsh is not a multi-bloc mesh generator: all meshes produced by Gmsh are conforming in the sense of nite element meshes; Gmshs user interface is only exposing a limited number of the available features, and many aspects of the interface could be enhanced (especially manipulators). Gmshs scripting language is fairly limited, providing only very crude loop controls and user-dened functions, with no local variables. there is no global undo capability. You will often need to edit a text le to correct mistakes.
Gmsh 2.8
If you have the skills and some free time, feel free to join the project: we gladly accept any code contributions (see Appendix D [Information for developers], page 211) to remedy the aforementioned (and all other) shortcomings!
1.7 Bug reports

If you think you have found a bug in Gmsh, you can report it by email to the public Gmsh mailing list at [email protected], or le it directly into our bug tracking database at https://geuz.org/trac/gmsh/report (login: gmsh, password: gmsh). Please send as precise a description of the problem as you can, including sample input les that produce the bug. Dont forget to mention both the version of Gmsh and the version of your operation system (see Section 3.3 [Command-line options], page 12 to see how to get this information). See Appendix E [Frequently asked questions], page 213, and the bug tracking system to see which problems we already know about.
Chapter 2: How to read this reference manual?
2 How to read this reference manual?

Gmsh can be used at three levels: 1. as a stand-alone graphical program, driven by an interactive graphical user interface (GUI); 2. as a stand-alone script-driven program; 3. as a library. You can skip most of this reference manual if you only want to use Gmsh at the rst level (i.e., interactively with the GUI). Just read the next chapter (see Chapter 3 [Running Gmsh on your system], page 11) to learn how to launch Gmsh on your system, then go experiment with the GUI and the tutorial les (see Appendix A [Tutorial], page 107) provided in the distribution. Screencasts that show how to use the GUI are available here: http://geuz.org/gmsh/screencasts/. The aim of the reference manual is to explain everything you need to use Gmsh at the second level, i.e., using the built-in scripting language. A Gmsh script le is an ASCII text le that contains instructions in Gmshs built-in scripting language. Such a le is interpreted by Gmshs parser, and can be given any extension (or no extension at all). By convention, Gmsh uses the .geo extension for geometry scripts, and the .pos extension for parsed post-processing datasets. Once you master the tutorial (read the source les: they are heavily commented!), start reading chapter Chapter 4 [General tools], page 19, then proceed with the next four chapters, which detail the syntax of the geometry, mesh, solver and post-processing scripting commands. You will see that most of the interactive actions in the GUI have a direct equivalent in the scripting language. If you want to use Gmsh as a pre- or post-processor for your own software, you will also want to learn about the non-scripting input/output les that Gmsh can read/write. In addition to Gmshs native MSH le format (see Chapter 9 [File formats], page 89), Gmsh can read/write many standard mesh les, depending on how it was built: check the File->Save As menu for a list of available formats. Finally, to use Gmsh at the third level (i.e., to link the Gmsh library with your own code), you will need to learn the internal Gmsh Application Programming Interface (API). No complete documentation of this API is available yet; a good starting point is Section D.1 [Source code structure], page 211, which gives a short introduction to Gmshs internal source code structure. Then have a look e.g. at the examples in the utils/api_demos/ directory in the source code. To build the library see the instructions in Appendix C [Compiling the source code], page 207 and in the top-level README.txt le in the source distribution.
2.1 Syntactic rules used in the manual

Here are the rules we tried to follow when writing this reference manual. Note that metasyntactic variable denitions stay valid throughout the manual (and not only in the sections where the denitions appear). 1. Keywords and literal symbols are printed like this. 2. Metasyntactic variables (i.e., text bits that are not part of the syntax, but stand for other text bits) are printed like this. 3. A colon (:) after a metasyntactic variable separates the variable from its denition.
10
Gmsh 2.8
4. Optional rules are enclosed in < > pairs. 5. Multiple choices are separated by |. 6. Three dots (. . . ) indicate a possible (multiple) repetition of the preceding rule.
Chapter 3: Running Gmsh on your system
11
3 Running Gmsh on your system

3.1 Interactive mode
To launch Gmsh in interactive mode, just double-click on the Gmsh icon, or type > gmsh at your shell prompt in a terminal. This will open the main Gmsh window, with a tree-like menu on the left, a graphic area on the right, and a status bar at the bottom. (You can detach the tree menu using Window->Attach/Detach Menu.) To open the rst tutorial le (see Appendix A [Tutorial], page 107), select the File->Open menu, and choose t1.geo. When using a terminal, you can specify the le name directly on the command line, i.e.: > gmsh t1.geo To perform the mesh generation, go to the mesh module (by selecting Mesh in the tree) and choose the dimension (1D will mesh all the lines; 2D will mesh all the surfacesas well as all the lines if 1D was not called before; 3D will mesh all the volumesand all the surfaces if 2D was not called before). To save the resulting mesh in the current mesh format click on Save, or select the appropriate format and le name with the File->Save As menu. The default mesh le name is based on the name of the current active model, with an appended extension depending on the mesh format1 . To create a new geometry or to modify an existing geometry, select Geometry in the tree. For example, to create a spline, select Elementary, Add, New and Spline. You will then be asked to select a list of points, and to type e to nish the selection (or q to abort it). Once the interactive command is completed, a text string is automatically added at the end of the current script le. You can edit the script le by hand at any time by pressing the Edit button in the Geometry menu and then reloading the model by pressing Reload. For example, it is often faster to dene variables and points directly in the script le, and then use the GUI to dene the lines, the surfaces and the volumes interactively. Several les can be loaded simultaneously in Gmsh. When specied on the command line, the rst one denes the active model and the others are merged into this model. You can merge such les with the File->Merge menu. For example, to merge the post-processing views contained in the les view1.pos and view5.msh together with the geometry of the rst tutorial t1.geo, you can type the following command: > gmsh t1.geo view1.pos view5.msh In the Post-Processing module (select Post-Processing in the tree), three items will appear, respectively labeled A scalar map, Nodal scalar map and Element 1 vector. In this example the views contain several time steps: you can loop through them with the small remote-control icons in the status bar. A mouse click on the view name will toggle the visibility of the selected view, while a click on the arrow button on the right will provide access to the views options.
1
Nearly all the interactive commands have keyboard shortcuts: see Section 3.5 [Keyboard shortcuts], page 16, or select Help->Keyboard and Mouse Usage in the menu. For example, to quickly save a mesh, you can press Ctrl+Shift+s.
12
Gmsh 2.8
Note that all the options specied interactively can also be directly specied in the script les. You can save the current options of the current active model with the File->Save Model Options. This will create a new option le with the same lename as the active model, but with an extra .opt extension added. The next time you open this model, the associated options will be automatically loaded, too. To save the current options as your default preferences for all future Gmsh sessions, use the File->Save Options As Default menu instead. Finally, you can also save the current options in an arbitrary le by choosing the Gmsh options format in File->Save As. For more information about available options (and how to reset them to their default values), see Appendix B [Options], page 135. A full list of options with their current values is also available in the Help->Current Options menu.
3.2 Non-interactive mode

Gmsh can be run non-interactively in batch mode, without GUI2 . For example, to mesh the rst tutorial in batch mode, just type: > gmsh t1.geo -2 To mesh the same example, but with the background mesh available in the le bgmesh.pos, type: > gmsh t1.geo -2 -bgm bgmesh.pos For the list of all command-line options, see Section 3.3 [Command-line options], page 12.
3.3 Command-line options

Geometry options: -0 -tol float Set geometrical tolerance -match Match geometries and meshes Output unrolled geometry, then exit
Mesh options: -1, -2, -3 Perform 1D, 2D or 3D mesh generation, then exit -o file Specify output le name
-format string Select output mesh format (auto (default), msh, msh1, msh2, unv, vrml, ply2, stl, mesh, bdf, cgns, p3d, di, med, ...) -bin -refine Use binary format when available Perform uniform mesh renement, then exit
-part int Partition after batch mesh generation

2
If you compile Gmsh without the GUI (see Appendix C [Compiling the source code], page 207), this is the only mode you have access to.
13
-partWeight tri|quad|tet|prism|hex int Weight of a triangle/quad/etc. during partitioning -saveall Save all elements (discard physical group denitions)
-parametric Save vertices with their parametric coordinates -algo string Select mesh algorithm (meshadapt, del2d, front2d, delquad, del3d, front3d, mmg3d) -smooth int Set number of mesh smoothing steps -order int Set mesh order (1, ..., 5) -optimize[_netgen] Optimize quality of tetrahedral elements -optimize_ho Optimize high order meshes -ho_[min,max,nlayers] High-order optimization parameters -optimize_lloyd Optimize 2D meshes using Lloyd algorithm -clscale float Set global mesh element size scaling factor -clmin float Set minimum mesh element size -clmax float Set maximum mesh element size -anisoMax float Set maximum anisotropy (only used in bamg for now) -smoothRatio float Set smoothing ration between mesh sizes at nodes of a same edge (only used in bamg) -clcurv -epslc1d -swapangle Set the threshold angle (in degree) between two adjacent faces below which a swap is allowed -rand float Set random perturbation factor -bgm file Load background mesh from le Automatically compute element sizes from curvatures Set accuracy of evaluation of LCFIELD for 1D mesh
14
Gmsh 2.8
-check -mpass int
Perform various consistency checks on mesh Do several passes on the mesh for complex backround elds
-ignorePartBound Ignore partitions boundaries Post-processing options: -link int Select link mode between views (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) -combine Combine views having identical names into multi-time-step views
Display options: -n -nodb Hide all meshes and post-processing views on startup Disable double buering
-numsubedges Set num of subdivisions for high order element display -fontsize int Specify the font size for the GUI -theme string Specify FLTK GUI theme -display string Specify display -camera -stereo -gamepad Use camera mode view; OpenGL quad-buered stereo rendering (requires special graphic card) Use gamepad controller if available
Other options: -, -parse_and_exit Parse input les, then exit -new -merge -open Create new model before merge next le Merge next les Open next les
-a, -g, -m, -s, -p Start in automatic, geometry, mesh, solver or post-processing mode -pid -listen Print process id on stdout Always listen to incoming connection requests
-watch pattern Pattern of les to merge as they become available -v int Set verbosity level
15
-nopopup
Dont popup dialog windows in scripts
-string "string" Parse option string at startup -option file Parse option le at startup -convert files Convert les into latest binary formats, then exit -version -info -help Show version number Show detailed version information Show command line usage
3.4 Mouse actions

Move - Highlight the entity under the mouse pointer and display its properties - Resize a lasso zoom or a lasso (un)selection Left button - Rotate - Select an entity - Accept a lasso zoom or a lasso selection Ctrl+Left button Start a lasso zoom or a lasso (un)selection Middle button - Zoom - Unselect an entity - Accept a lasso zoom or a lasso unselection Ctrl+Middle button Orthogonalize display Right button - Pan - Cancel a lasso zoom or a lasso (un)selection - Pop-up menu on post-processing view button Ctrl+Right button Reset to default viewpoint For a 2 button mouse, Middle button = Shift+Left button. For a 1 button mouse, Middle button = Shift+Left button, Right button = Alt+Left button.
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Gmsh 2.8
3.5 Keyboard shortcuts

(On Mac Ctrl is replaced by Cmd (the Apple key) in the shortcuts below.) Left arrow Go to previous time step Right arrow Go to next time step Up arrow Down arrow Make next view visible 0 1 or F1 2 or F2 3 or F3 Escape g m p s Shift+a Shift+g Shift+m Shift+o Shift+p Shift+s Shift+u Shift+w Reload project le Mesh lines Mesh surfaces Mesh volumes Cancel lasso zoom/selection, toggle mouse selection ON/OFF Go to geometry module Go to mesh module Go to post-processing module Go to solver module Bring all windows to front Show geometry options Show mesh options Show general options Show post-processing options Show solver options Show post-processing view plugins Show post-processing view options Make previous view visible
Shift+Escape Enable full mouse selection Ctrl+d Ctrl+f Ctrl+i Ctrl+j Ctrl+l Ctrl+m Attach/detach menu Enter full screen Show statistics window Save model options Show message console Minimize window
17
Ctrl+n Ctrl+o Ctrl+q Ctrl+r Ctrl+s
Create new project le Open project le Quit Rename project le Save le as
Shift+Ctrl+c Show clipping plane window Shift+Ctrl+j Save options as default Shift+Ctrl+m Show manipulator window Shift+Ctrl+n Show option window Shift+Ctrl+o Merge le(s) Shift+Ctrl+s Save mesh in default format Shift+Ctrl+u Show plugin window Shift+Ctrl+v Show visibility window Alt+a Alt+b Alt+c Alt+e Alt+f Alt+h Alt+i Alt+l Alt+m Alt+n Alt+o Alt+p Alt+r Alt+s Loop through axes modes Hide/show bounding boxes Loop through predened color schemes Hide/Show element outlines for visible post-pro views Change redraw mode (fast/full) Hide/show all post-processing views Hide/show all post-processing view scales Hide/show geometry lines Toggle visibility of all mesh entities Hide/show all post-processing view annotations Change projection mode (orthographic/perspective) Hide/show geometry points Loop through range modes for visible post-pro views Hide/show geometry surfaces
18
Gmsh 2.8
Alt+t Alt+v Alt+w Alt+x Alt+y Alt+z
Loop through interval modes for visible post-pro views Hide/show geometry volumes Enable/disable all lighting Set X view Set Y view Set Z view
Alt+Shift+a Hide/show small axes Alt+Shift+b Hide/show mesh volume faces Alt+Shift+d Hide/show mesh surface faces Alt+Shift+l Hide/show mesh lines Alt+Shift+p Hide/show mesh points Alt+Shift+s Hide/show mesh surface edges Alt+Shift+v Hide/show mesh volume edges Alt+Shift+w Reverse all mesh normals Alt+Shift+x Set -X view Alt+Shift+y Set -Y view Alt+Shift+z Set -Z view
Chapter 4: General tools
19
4 General tools
This chapter describes the general commands and options that can be used in Gmshs script les. By general, we mean not specically related to one of the geometry, mesh, solver or post-processing modules. Commands peculiar to these modules will be introduced in Chapter 5 [Geometry module], page 31, Chapter 6 [Mesh module], page 39, Chapter 7 [Solver module], page 61, and Chapter 8 [Post-processing module], page 63, respectively.
4.1 Comments
Gmsh script les support both C and C++ style comments: 1. any text comprised between /* and */ pairs is ignored; 2. the rest of a line after a double slash // is ignored. These commands wont have the described eects inside double quotes or inside keywords. Also note that white space (spaces, tabs, new line characters) is ignored inside all expressions.
4.2 Expressions
The two constant types used in Gmsh scripts are real and string (there is no integer type). These types have the same meaning and syntax as in the C or C++ programming languages.
4.2.1 Floating point expressions

Floating point expressions (or, more simply, expressions) are denoted by the metasyntactic variable expression (remember the denition of the syntactic rules in Section 2.1 [Syntactic rules], page 9), and are evaluated during the parsing of the script le: expression : real | string | string ~ { expression } string [ expression ] | # string [ ] | ( expression ) | operator-unary-left expression | expression operator-unary-right | expression operator-binary expression | expression operator-ternary-left expression operator-ternary-right expression | built-in-function | real-option | StrFind(char-expression, char-expression ) | StrCmp(char-expression, char-expression ) | TextAttributes(char-expression <,char-expression ...>) | GetValue("string ", expression ) Such expressions are used in most of Gmshs scripting commands. When ~{expression } is appended to a string string, the result is a new string formed by the concatenation of
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Gmsh 2.8
string, _ (an underscore) and the value of the expression. This is most useful in loops (see Section 4.6 [Loops and conditionals], page 25), where it permits to dene unique strings automatically. For example, For i In {1:3} x~{i} = i; EndFor is the same as x_1 = 1; x_2 = 2; x_3 = 3; The brackets [] permit to extract one item from a list and to get the size of a list, respectively. The operators operator-unary-left, operator-unary-right, operator-binary, operatorternary-left and operator-ternary-right are dened in Section 4.3 [Operators], page 22. For the denition of built-in-functions, see Section 4.4 [Built-in functions], page 23. The various real-options are listed in Appendix B [Options], page 135. StrFind searches the rst char-expression for any occurrence of the second char-expression. StrCmp compares the two strings (returns an integer greater than, equal to, or less than 0, according as the rst string is greater than, equal to, or less than the second string). TextAttributes creates attributes for text strings. The last case in the denition allows to ask the user for a value interactively. For example, inserting GetValue("Value of parameter alpha?", 5.76) in an input le will query the user for the value of a certain parameter alpha, assuming the default value is 5.76. If the option General.NoPopup is set (see Section B.1 [General options list], page 135), no question is asked and the default value is automatically used. List of expressions are also widely used, and are dened as: expression-list : expression-list-item <, expression-list-item > ... with expression-list-item : expression | expression : expression | expression : expression : expression | string [ ] | string ( ) | List [ string ] | string [ { expression-list } ] | string ( { expression-list } ) | Point { expression } | transform | extrude Point { expression } | Point|Line|Surface|Volume "*" | Physical Point|Line|Surface|Volume { expression-list } The second case in this last denition permits to create a list containing the range of numbers comprised between two expressions, with a unit incrementation step. The third case also
21
permits to create a list containing the range of numbers comprised between two expressions, but with a positive or negative incrementation step equal to the third expression. The fourth, fth and sixth cases permit to reference an expression list. The seventh and eight cases permit to reference an expression sublist (whose elements are those corresponding to the indices provided by the expression-list). The next two cases permit to retrieve the indices of entities created through geometrical transformations and extrusions (see Section 5.1.6 [Transformations], page 36, and Section 5.1.5 [Extrusions], page 35). The last three cases permit to retrieve the coordinates of a given geometry point (see Section 5.1.1 [Points], page 31), to retrieve the id numbers of all points, lines, surfaces or volumes in the model, or to retrieve the elementary entities making up physical groups. To see the practical use of such expressions, have a look at the rst couple of examples in Appendix A [Tutorial], page 107. Note that, in order to lighten the syntax, you can omit the braces {} enclosing an expression-list if this expression-list only contains a single item. Also note that a braced expression-list can be preceded by a minus sign in order to change the sign of all the expression-list-items.
4.2.2 Character expressions

Character expressions are dened as: char-expression : "string " | Today | StrPrefix ( char-expression ) | StrRelative ( char-expression ) | StrCat ( char-expression , char-expression ) | Str ( char-expression , ... ) | Sprintf ( char-expression , expression-list ) | Sprintf ( char-expression ) | Sprintf ( char-option ) | GetEnv ( char-expression ) | GetString ( char-expression , char-expression ) | StrReplace ( char-expression , char-expression , char-expression ) StrPrefix and StrRelative permit to take the prex (e.g. to remove the extension) or the relative path of a le name. StrCat and Str permit to concatenate character expressions (Str adds a newline character after each string except the last). Sprintf is equivalent to the sprintf C function (where char-expression is a format string that can contain oating point formatting characters: %e, %g, etc.) The various char-options are listed in Appendix B [Options], page 135. GetEnvThe gets the value of an environment variable from the operating system. GetString allows to ask the user for a value interactively. StrReplaces arguments are: input string, old substring, new substring.1 Character expressions are mostly used to specify non-numeric options and input/output le names. See Section A.8 [t8.geo], page 120, for an interesting usage of char-expressions in an animation script.
1
For compatibility with GetDP (http://geuz.org/getdp/), parentheses can be replaced by brackets [] in Str and Sprintf.
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Gmsh 2.8
4.2.3 Color expressions

Colors expressions are hybrids between xed-length braced expression-lists and string s: color-expression : string | { expression, expression, expression } | { expression, expression, expression, expression } | color-option The rst case permits to use the X Windows names to refer to colors, e.g., Red, SpringGreen, LavenderBlush3, . . . (see Common/Colors.h in the source code for a complete list). The second case permits to dene colors by using three expressions to specify their red, green and blue components (with values comprised between 0 and 255). The third case permits to dene colors by using their red, green and blue color components as well as their alpha channel. The last case permits to use the value of a color-option as a color-expression. The various color-options are listed in Appendix B [Options], page 135. See Section A.3 [t3.geo], page 111, for an example of the use of color expressions.
4.3 Operators
Gmshs operators are similar to the corresponding operators in C and C++. Here is the list of the unary, binary and ternary operators currently implemented. operator-unary-left: ! Unary minus. Logical not.
operator-unary-right: ++ -Post-incrementation. Post-decrementation.
operator-binary : ^ * / % + == != > >= < Exponentiation. Multiplication. Division. Modulo. Addition. Subtraction. Equality. Inequality. Greater. Greater or equality. Less.
23
<= && ||
Less or equality. Logical and. Logical or. (Warning: the logical or always implies the evaluation of both arguments. That is, unlike in C or C++, the second operand of || is evaluated even if the rst one is true).
operator-ternary-left: ? operator-ternary-right: : The only ternary operator, formed by operator-ternary-left and operatorternary-right, returns the value of its second argument if the rst argument is non-zero; otherwise it returns the value of its third argument.
The evaluation priorities are summarized below2 (from stronger to weaker, i.e., * has a highest evaluation priority than +). Parentheses () may be used anywhere to change the order of evaluation: 1. (), [], ., # 2. ^ 3. !, ++, --, - (unary) 4. *, /, % 5. +, 6. <, >, <=, >= 7. ==, != 8. && 9. || 10. ?: 11. =, +=, -=, *=, /=
4.4 Built-in functions

A built-in function is composed of an identier followed by a pair of parentheses containing an expression-list (the list of its arguments)3 . Here is the list of the built-in functions currently implemented: build-in-function: Acos ( expression ) Arc cosine (inverse cosine) of an expression in [-1,1]. Returns a value in [0,Pi]. Asin ( expression ) Arc sine (inverse sine) of an expression in [-1,1]. Returns a value in [-Pi/2,Pi/2]. Atan ( expression ) Arc tangent (inverse tangent) of expression. Returns a value in [-Pi/2,Pi/2].
2 3
The aectation operators are introduced in Section 4.7 [General commands], page 26. For compatibility with GetDP (http://geuz.org/getdp/), parentheses can be replaced by brackets [].
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Gmsh 2.8
Atan2 ( expression, expression ) Arc tangent (inverse tangent) of the rst expression divided by the second. Returns a value in [-Pi,Pi]. Ceil ( expression ) Rounds expression up to the nearest integer. Cos ( expression ) Cosine of expression. Cosh ( expression ) Hyperbolic cosine of expression. Exp ( expression ) Returns the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of expression. Fabs ( expression ) Absolute value of expression. Fmod ( expression, expression ) Remainder of the division of the rst expression by the second, with the sign of the rst. Floor ( expression ) Rounds expression down to the nearest integer. Hypot ( expression, expression ) Returns the square root of the sum of the square of its two arguments. Log ( expression ) Natural logarithm of expression (expression > 0). Log10 ( expression ) Base 10 logarithm of expression (expression > 0). Modulo ( expression, expression ) see Fmod( expression, expression ). Rand ( expression ) Random number between zero and expression. Round ( expression ) Rounds expression to the nearest integer. Sqrt ( expression ) Square root of expression (expression >= 0). Sin ( expression ) Sine of expression. Sinh ( expression ) Hyperbolic sine of expression. Tan ( expression ) Tangent of expression. Tanh ( expression ) Hyperbolic tangent of expression.
25
4.5 User-dened functions

User-dened functions take no arguments, and are evaluated as if a le containing the function body was included at the location of the Call statement. Function string Begins the declaration of a user-dened function named string. The body of the function starts on the line after Function string , and can contain any Gmsh command. Return Ends the body of the current user-dened function. Function declarations cannot be imbricated.
Call string ; Executes the body of a (previously dened) function named string. See Section A.5 [t5.geo], page 115, for an example of a user-dened function. A shortcoming of Gmshs scripting language is that all variables are public. Variables dened inside the body of a function will thus be available outside, too!
4.6 Loops and conditionals

Loops and conditionals are dened as follows, and can be imbricated: For ( expression : expression ) Iterates from the value of the rst expression to the value of the second expression, with a unit incrementation step. At each iteration, the commands comprised between For ( expression : expression ) and the matching EndFor are executed. For ( expression : expression : expression ) Iterates from the value of the rst expression to the value of the second expression, with a positive or negative incrementation step equal to the third expression. At each iteration, the commands comprised between For ( expression : expression : expression ) and the matching EndFor are executed. For string In { expression : expression } Iterates from the value of the rst expression to the value of the second expression, with a unit incrementation step. At each iteration, the value of the iterate is aected to an expression named string, and the commands comprised between For string In { expression : expression } and the matching EndFor are executed. For string In { expression : expression : expression } Iterates from the value of the rst expression to the value of the second expression, with a positive or negative incrementation step equal to the third expression. At each iteration, the value of the iterate is aected to an expression named string, and the commands comprised between For string In { expression : expression : expression } and the matching EndFor are executed. EndFor Ends a matching For command.
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Gmsh 2.8
If ( expression ) The body enclosed between If ( expression ) and the matching Endif is evaluated if expression is non-zero. EndIf Ends a matching If command.
See Section A.5 [t5.geo], page 115, for an example of For and If commands. Gmsh does not provide any Else (or similar) command at the time of this writing.
4.7 General commands

The following commands can be used anywhere in a Gmsh script: string = expression ; Creates a new expression identier string, or aects expression to an existing expression identier. Thirteen expression identiers are predened (hardcoded in Gmshs parser): Pi Returns 3.1415926535897932.
GMSH_MAJOR_VERSION Returns Gmshs major version number. GMSH_MINOR_VERSION Returns Gmshs minor version number. GMSH_PATCH_VERSION Returns Gmshs patch version number. MPI_Size Returns the number of processors on which Gmsh is running. It is always 1, except if you compiled Gmsh with ENABLE_MPI (see Appendix C [Compiling the source code], page 207). Returns the rank of the current processor. Returns the current CPU time (in seconds). Returns the current memory usage (in Mb). Returns the next available point number. As explained in Chapter 5 [Geometry module], page 31, a unique number must be associated with every geometrical point: newp permits to know the highest number already attributed (plus one). This is mostly useful when writing user-dened functions (see Section 4.5 [User-dened functions], page 25) or general geometric primitives, when one does not know a priori which numbers are already attributed, and which ones are still available. Returns the next available line number. Returns the next available surface number. Returns the next available volume number. Returns the next available line loop number. Returns the next available surface loop number.
MPI_Rank Cpu Memory newp
newl news newv newll newsl
27
newreg
Returns the next available region number. That is, newreg returns the maximum of newp, newl, news, newv, newll, newsl and all physical entity numbers4 .
string = { }; Creates a new expression list identier string with an empty list. string = { expression-list }; Creates a new expression list identier string with the list expression-list, or aects expression-list to an existing expression list identier. The following syntax is also allowed: string [] = { expression-list }; string [ { expression-list } ] = { expression-list }; Aects each item in the right hand side expression-list to the elements (indexed by the left hand side expression-list) of an existing expression list identier. The two expression-lists must contain the same number of items. string ( { expression-list } ) = { expression-list }; Same as above. string += expression ; Adds and aects expression to an existing expression identier. string -= expression ; Subtracts and aects expression to an existing expression identier. string *= expression ; Multiplies and aects expression to an existing expression identier. string /= expression ; Divides and aects expression to an existing expression identier. string += { expression-list }; Appends expression-list to an existing expression list or creates a new expression list with expression-list. string -= { expression-list }; Removes the items in expression-list from the existing expression list. string [ { expression-list } ] += { expression-list }; Adds and aects, item per item, the right hand side expression-list to an existing expression list identier. string [ { expression-list } ] -= { expression-list }; Subtracts and aects, item per item, the right hand side expression-list to an existing expression list identier. string [ { expression-list } ] *= { expression-list }; Multiplies and aects, item per item, the right hand side expression-list to an existing expression list identier.
4
For compatibility purposes, the behavior of newl, news, newv and newreg can be modied with the Geometry.OldNewReg option (see Section B.2 [Geometry options list], page 161).
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Gmsh 2.8
string [ { expression-list } ] /= { expression-list }; Divides and aects, item per item, the right hand side expression-list to an existing expression list identier. string = char-expression ; Creates a new character expression identier string char-expression. real-option = expression ; Aects expression to a real option. char-option = char-expression ; Aects char-expression to a character option. color-option = color-expression ; Aects color-expression to a color option. real-option += expression ; Adds and aects expression to a real option. real-option -= expression ; Subtracts and aects expression to a real option. real-option *= expression ; Multiplies and aects expression to a real option. real-option /= expression ; Divides and aects expression to a real option. Abort; Exit; Aborts the current script. Exits Gmsh. with a given
Printf ( char-expression <, expression-list > ); Prints a character expression in the information window and/or on the terminal. Printf is equivalent to the printf C function: char-expression is a format string that can contain formatting characters (%f, %e, etc.). Note that all expressions are evaluated as oating point values in Gmsh (see Section 4.2 [Expressions], page 19), so that only valid oating point formatting characters make sense in char-expression. See Section A.5 [t5.geo], page 115, for an example of the use of Printf. Printf ( char-expression , expression-list ) > char-expression ; Same as Printf above, but output the expression in a le. Printf ( char-expression , expression-list ) >> char-expression ; Same as Printf above, but appends the expression at the end of the le. Error ( char-expression <, expression-list > ); Same as Printf, but raises an error. Merge char-expression ; Merges a le named char-expression. This command is equivalent to the File>Merge menu in the GUI. If the path in char-expression is not absolute, charexpression is appended to the path of the current le.
29
Draw;
Redraws the scene.
SetChanged; Force the mesh and post-processing vertex arrays to be regenerated. Useful e.g. for creating animations with changing clipping planes, etc. BoundingBox; Recomputes the bounding box of the scene (which is normally computed only after new geometrical entities are added or after les are included or merged). The bounding box is computed as follows: 1. If there is a mesh (i.e., at least one mesh vertex), the bounding box is taken as the box enclosing all the mesh vertices; 2. If there is no mesh but there is a geometry (i.e., at least one geometrical point), the bounding box is taken as the box enclosing all the geometrical points; 3. If there is no mesh and no geometry, but there are some post-processing views, the bounding box is taken as the box enclosing all the primitives in the views. BoundingBox { expression, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression }; Forces the bounding box of the scene to the given expressions (X min, X max, Y min, Y max, Z min, Z max). Delete Model; Deletes the current model (all geometrical entities and their associated meshes). Delete Physicals; Deletes all physical groups. Delete Variables; Deletes all the expressions. Delete Options; Deletes the current options and revert to the default values. Delete string ; Deletes the expression string. Mesh expression ; Generates expression-D mesh. RefineMesh; Renes the current mesh by splitting all elements. If Mesh.SecondOrderLinear is set, the new vertices are inserted by linear interpolatinon. Otherwise they are snapped on the actual geometry. AdaptMesh { expression-list } { expression-list } { { expression-list < , ... > } }; Performs adaptive mesh generation. Documentation not yet available. SetOrder expression ; Changes the order of the elements in the current mesh.
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Gmsh 2.8
Print char-expression ; Prints the graphic window in a le named char-expression, using the current Print.Format (see Section B.1 [General options list], page 135). If the path in char-expression is not absolute, char-expression is appended to the path of the current le. Sleep expression ; Suspends the execution of Gmsh during expression seconds. SystemCall char-expression ; Executes a (blocking) system call. NonBlockingSystemCall char-expression ; Executes a (non-blocking) system call. SetName char-expression ; Changes the name of the current model. SyncModel; Forces an immediate transfer from the old geometrical database into the new one (this transfer normally occurs right after a le is read). Include char-expression ; Includes the le named char-expression at the current position in the input le. The include command should be given on a line of its own. If the path in char-expression is not absolute, char-expression is appended to the path of the current le.
4.8 General options

The list of all the general char-options, real-options and color-options (in that ordercheck the default values to see the actual types) is given in Section B.1 [General options list], page 135. Most of these options are accessible in the GUI, but not all of them. When running Gmsh interactively, changing an option in the script le will modify the option in the GUI in real time. This permits for example to resize the graphical window in a script, or to interact with animations in the script and in the GUI at the same time.
Chapter 5: Geometry module
31
5 Geometry module
Gmshs geometry module provides a simple CAD engine, using a boundary representation (BRep) approach: you need to rst dene points (using the Point command: see below), then lines (using Line, Circle, Spline, . . . , commands or by extruding points), then surfaces (using for example the Plane Surface or Ruled Surface commands, or by extruding lines), and nally volumes (using the Volume command or by extruding surfaces). These geometrical entities are called elementary in Gmshs jargon, and are assigned identication numbers when they are created: 1. each elementary point must possess a unique identication number; 2. each elementary line must possess a unique identication number; 3. each elementary surface must possess a unique identication number; 4. each elementary volume must possess a unique identication number. Elementary geometrical entities can then be manipulated in various ways, for example using the Translate, Rotate, Scale or Symmetry commands. They can be deleted with the Delete command, provided that no higher-dimension entity references them. Groups of elementary geometrical entities can also be dened and are called physical entities. These physical entities cannot be modied by geometry commands: their only purpose is to assemble elementary entities into larger groups, possibly modifying their orientation, so that they can be referred to by the mesh module as single entities. As is the case with elementary entities, each physical point, physical line, physical surface or physical volume must be assigned a unique identication number. See Chapter 6 [Mesh module], page 39, for more information about how physical entities aect the way meshes are saved.
5.1 Geometry commands

The next subsections describe all the available geometry commands. These commands can be used anywhere in a Gmsh script le. Note that the following general syntax rule is followed for the denition of geometrical entities: If an expression denes a new entity, it is enclosed between parentheses. If an expression refers to a previously dened entity, it is enclosed between braces.
5.1.1 Points
Point ( expression ) = { expression, expression, expression <, expression > }; Creates an elementary point. The expression inside the parentheses is the points identication number; the three rst expressions inside the braces on the right hand side give the three X, Y and Z coordinates of the point in the three-dimensional Euclidean space; the optional last expression sets the prescribed mesh element size at that point. See Section 6.3.1 [Specifying mesh element sizes], page 41, for more information about how this value is used in the meshing process. Physical Point ( expression | char-expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a physical point. The expression inside the parentheses is the physical points identication number (if a char-expression is given instead, a unique identication number is automatically created); the expression-list on the right
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Gmsh 2.8
hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the elementary points that need to be grouped inside the physical point.
5.1.2 Lines
BSpline ( expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a B-spline curve. The expression inside the parentheses is the B-spline curves identication number; the expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the B-splines control points. Repeating control points has the expected eect. Circle ( expression ) = { expression, expression, expression }; Creates a circle arc (strictly) smaller than Pi. The expression inside the parentheses is the circle arcs identication number; the rst expression inside the braces on the right hand side gives the identication number of the start point of the arc; the second expression gives the identication number of the center of the circle; the last expression gives the identication number of the end point of the arc. CatmullRom ( expression ) = { expression-list }; CatmullRom is a synonym for Spline. Ellipse ( expression ) = { expression, expression, expression, expression }; Creates an ellipse arc. The expression inside the parentheses is the ellipse arcs identication number; the rst expression inside the braces on the right hand side gives the identication number of the start point of the arc; the second expression gives the identication number of the center of the ellipse; the third expression gives the identication number of any point located on the major axis of the ellipse; the last expression gives the identication number of the end point of the arc. Line ( expression ) = { expression, expression }; Creates a straight line segment. The expression inside the parentheses is the line segments identication number; the two expressions inside the braces on the right hand side give identication numbers of the start and end points of the segment. Spline ( expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a spline curve. The expression inside the parentheses is the splines identication number; the expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the splines control points. Line Loop ( expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates an oriented line loop. The expression inside the parentheses is the line loops identication number; the expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the elementary lines that constitute the line loop. A line loop must be a closed loop, and the elementary lines should be ordered and oriented (using negative identication numbers to specify reverse orientation). If the orientation is correct, but the ordering is wrong, Gmsh will actually reorder the list internally to create a consistent loop. Although Gmsh supports it, it is not recommended to specify multiple line loops (or subloops)
33
in a single Line Loop command. (Line loops are used to create surfaces: see Section 5.1.3 [Surfaces], page 33.) Compound Line ( expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a compound line from several elementary lines. When meshed, a compound line will be reparametrized as a single line, whose mesh can thus cross internal boundaries. The expression inside the parentheses is the compound lines identication number; the expression-list on the right hand side contains the identication number of the elementary lines that should be reparametrized as a single line. See Compound Surface for additional information on compound entities. Physical Line ( expression | char-expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a physical line. The expression inside the parentheses is the physical lines identication number (if a char-expression is given instead, a unique identication number is automatically created); the expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the elementary lines that need to be grouped inside the physical line. Specifying negative identication numbers in the expression-list will reverse the orientation of the mesh elements belonging to the corresponding elementary lines in the saved mesh.
5.1.3 Surfaces
Plane Surface ( expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a plane surface. The expression inside the parentheses is the plane surfaces identication number; the expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the line loops dening the surface. The rst line loop denes the exterior boundary of the surface; all other line loops dene holes in the surface. A line loop dening a hole should not have any lines in common with the exterior line loop (in which case it is not a hole, and the two surfaces should be dened separately). Likewise, a line loop dening a hole should not have any lines in common with another line loop dening a hole in the same surface (in which case the two line loops should be combined). Ruled Surface ( expression ) = { expression-list } < In Sphere { expression } >; Creates a ruled surface, i.e., a surface that can be interpolated using transnite interpolation. The expression inside the parentheses is the ruled surfaces identication number; the rst expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication number of a line loop composed of either three or four elementary lines. The optional In Sphere argument forces the surface to be a spherical patch (the extra parameter gives the identication number of the center of the sphere). Surface Loop ( expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a surface loop (a shell). The expression inside the parentheses is the surface loops identication number; the expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the elementary surfaces that constitute the surface loop. A surface loop must always represent a closed shell, and the elementary surfaces should be oriented consistently (using negative
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Gmsh 2.8
identication numbers to specify reverse orientation). (Surface loops are used to create volumes: see Section 5.1.4 [Volumes], page 34.) Compound Surface ( expression ) = { expression-list } < Boundary { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, { expression-list }, { expression-list }}>; Creates a compound surface from several elementary surfaces. When meshed, a compound surface will be reparametrized as a single surface, whose mesh can thus cross internal boundaries. Compound surfaces are mostly useful for remeshing discrete models; see J.-F. Remacle, C. Geuzaine, G. Compere and E. Marchandise, High Quality Surface Remeshing Using Harmonic Maps, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2009 for details as well as the wiki for more examples. The expression inside the parentheses is the compound surfaces identication number; the mandatory expression-list on the right hand side contains the identication number of the elementary surfaces that should be reparametrized as a single surface. Physical Surface ( expression | char-expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a physical surface. The expression inside the parentheses is the physical surfaces identication number (if a char-expression is given instead, a unique identication number is automatically created); the expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the elementary surfaces that need to be grouped inside the physical surface. Specifying negative identication numbers in the expression-list will reverse the orientation of the mesh elements belonging to the corresponding elementary surfaces in the saved mesh.
5.1.4 Volumes
Volume ( expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a volume. The expression inside the parentheses is the volumes identication number; the expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the surface loops dening the volume. The rst surface loop denes the exterior boundary of the volume; all other surface loops dene holes in the volume. A surface loop dening a hole should not have any surfaces in common with the exterior surface loop (in which case it is not a hole, and the two volumes should be dened separately). Likewise, a surface loop dening a hole should not have any surfaces in common with another surface loop dening a hole in the same volume (in which case the two surface loops should be combined). Compound Volume ( expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a compound volume from several elementary volumes. When meshed, a compound volume will be reparametrized as a single volume, whose mesh can thus cross internal boundaries. The expression inside the parentheses is the compound volumes identication number; the expression-list on the right hand side contains the identication number of the elementary volumes that should be reparametrized as a single volume. See Compound Surface for additional information on compound entities.
35
Physical Volume ( expression | char-expression ) = { expression-list }; Creates a physical volume. The expression inside the parentheses is the physical volumes identication number (if a char-expression is given instead, a unique identication number is automatically created); the expression-list on the right hand side should contain the identication numbers of all the elementary volumes that need to be grouped inside the physical volume.
5.1.5 Extrusions
Lines, surfaces and volumes can also be created through extrusion of points, lines and surfaces, respectively. Here is the syntax of the geometrical extrusion commands (go to Section 6.3.2 [Structured grids], page 55, to see how these commands can be extended in order to also extrude the mesh): extrude : Extrude { expression-list } { extrude-list } Extrudes all elementary entities (points, lines or surfaces) in extrude-list using a translation. The expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z components of the translation vector. Extrude { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { extrude-list } Extrudes all elementary entities (points, lines or surfaces) in extrude-list using a rotation. The rst expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z direction of the rotation axis; the second expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z components of any point on this axis; the last expression should contain the rotation angle (in radians). Extrude { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { extrude-list } Extrudes all elementary entities (points, lines or surfaces) in extrude-list using a translation combined with a rotation. The rst expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z components of the translation vector; the second expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z direction of the rotation axis; the third expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z components of any point on this axis; the last expression should contain the rotation angle (in radians). with extrude-list : Point | Line | Surface { expression-list }; ... As explained in Section 4.2.1 [Floating point expressions], page 19, extrude can be used in an expression, in which case it returns a list of identication numbers. By default, the list contains the top of the extruded entity at index 0 and the extruded entity at index 1, followed by the sides of the extruded entity at indices 2, 3, etc. For example: Point(1) = {0,0,0}; Point(2) = {1,0,0}; Line(1) = {1, 2}; out[] = Extrude{0,1,0}{ Line{1}; };
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Gmsh 2.8
Printf("top line = %g", out[0]); Printf("surface = %g", out[1]); Printf("side lines = %g and %g", out[2], out[3]); This behaviour can be changed with the Geometry.ExtrudeReturnLateralEntities option (see Section B.2 [Geometry options list], page 161).
5.1.6 Transformations
Geometrical transformations can be applied to elementary entities, or to copies of elementary entities (using the Duplicata command: see below). The syntax of the transformation commands is: transform: Dilate { { expression-list }, expression } { transform-list } Scales all elementary entities in transform-list by a factor expression. The expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z direction of the homothetic transformation. Rotate { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { transform-list } Rotates all elementary entities in transform-list by an angle of expression radians. The rst expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z direction of the rotation axis; the second expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z components of any point on this axis. Symmetry { expression-list } { transform-list } Transforms all elementary entities symmetrically to a plane. The expression-list should contain four expressions giving the coecients of the planes equation. Translate { expression-list } { transform-list } Translates all elementary entities in transform-list. The expression-list should contain three expressions giving the X, Y and Z components of the translation vector. Boundary { transform-list } (Not a transformation per-se.) Returns the boundary of the elementary entities in transform-list. CombinedBoundary { transform-list } (Not a transformation per-se.) Returns the boundary of the elementary entities, combined as if a single entity, in transform-list. Useful to compute the boundary of a complex part. with transform-list : Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... | Duplicata { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } | transform
37
5.1.7 Miscellaneous
Here is a list of all other geometry commands currently available: Coherence; Removes all duplicate elementary geometrical entities (e.g., points having identical coordinates). Note that Gmsh executes the Coherence command automatically after each geometrical transformation, unless Geometry.AutoCoherence is set to zero (see Section B.2 [Geometry options list], page 161). Delete { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } Deletes all elementary entities whose identication numbers are given in expression-list. If an entity is linked to another entity (for example, if a point is used as a control point of a curve), Delete has no eect (the line will have to be deleted before the point can). < Recursive > Hide { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } Hide the entities listed in expression-list, if General.VisibilityMode is set to 0 or 1. Hide char-expression ; Hide the entity char-expression, if General.VisibilityMode is set to 0 or 1 (char-expression can for example be "*"). < Recursive > Show { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } Show the entities listed in expression-list, if General.VisibilityMode is set to 0 or 1. Show char-expression ; Show the entity char-expression, if General.VisibilityMode is set to 0 or 1 (char-expression can for example be "*").
5.2 Geometry options

The list of all the options that control the behavior of geometry commands, as well as the way geometrical entities are handled in the GUI, is give in Section B.2 [Geometry options list], page 161.
Chapter 6: Mesh module
39
6 Mesh module
Gmshs mesh module regroups several 1D, 2D and 3D meshing algorithms, all producing grids conforming in the sense of nite elements (see Section 1.2 [Mesh], page 5): The 2D unstructured algorithms generate triangles or both triangles and quadrangles (when Recombine Surface is used: see Section 6.3.3 [Miscellaneous mesh commands], page 58). The 3D unstructured algorithms generate tetrahedra. The 2D structured algorithms (transnite and extrusion) generate triangles by default, but quadrangles can be obtained by using the Recombine commands (see Section 6.3.2 [Structured grids], page 55, and Section 6.3.3 [Miscellaneous mesh commands], page 58). The 3D structured algorithms generate tetrahedra, hexahedra, prisms and pyramids, depending on the type of the surface meshes they are based on. All meshes can be subdivided to generate fully quadrangular or fully hexahedral meshes with the Mesh.SubdivisionAlgorihm option (see Section B.3 [Mesh options list], page 167). However, beware that the quality of subdivided elements initially generated with an unstructured algorithm can be quite poor.
6.1 Choosing the right unstructured algorithm

Gmsh currently provides a choice between three 2D unstructured algorithms and between two 3D unstructured algorithms. Each algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages. For all 2D unstructured algorithms a Delaunay mesh that contains all the points of the 1D mesh is initially constructed using a divide-and-conquer algorithm1 . Missing edges are recovered using edge swaps2 . After this initial step three dierent algorithms can be applied to generate the nal mesh: 1. The MeshAdapt algorithm3 is based on local mesh modications. This technique makes use of edge swaps, splits, and collapses: long edges are split, short edges are collapsed, and edges are swapped if a better geometrical conguration is obtained. 2. The Delaunay algorithm is inspired by the work of the GAMMA team at INRIA4 . New points are inserted sequentially at the circumcenter of the element that has the largest adimensional circumradius. The mesh is then reconnected using an anisotropic Delaunay criterion. 3. The Frontal algorithm is inspired by the work of S. Rebay5 . These algorithms can be ranked as follows:
1
2 3
4 5
R. A. Dwyer, A simple divide-and-conquer algorithm for computing Delaunay triangulations in O(n log n) expected time, In Proceedings of the second annual symposium on computational geometry, Yorktown Heights, 24 June 1986. N. P. Weatherill, The integrity of geometrical boundaries in the two-dimensional Delaunay triangulation, Commun. Appl. Numer. Methods 6(2), pp. 101109, 1990. C. Geuzaine and J.-F. Remacle, Gmsh: a three-dimensional nite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 79(11), pp. 13091331, 2009. P.-L. George and P. Frey, Mesh generation, Hermes, Lyon, 2000. S. Rebay, Ecient unstructured mesh generation by means of Delaunay triangulation and Bowyer-Watson algorithm, J. Comput. Phys. 106, pp. 25138, 1993.
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Gmsh 2.8
Robustness Performance Element quality MeshAdapt 1 3 2 Delaunay 2 1 2 Frontal 3 2 1 For very complex curved surfaces the MeshAdapt algorithm is the best choice. When high element quality is important, the Frontal algorithm should be tried. For very large meshes of plane surfaces the Delaunay algorithm is the fastest. The Automatic algorithm tries to select the best algorithm automatically for each surface in the model. As of Gmsh 2.8, the Automatic algorithm selects Delaunay for plane surfaces and MeshAdapt for all other surfaces. In 3D two unstructured algorithms are available: 1. The Delaunay algorithm is split into two separate steps. First, an initial mesh of the union of all the volumes in the model is performed using H. Sis Tetgen algorithm6 . Then a three-dimensional version of the 2D Delaunay algorithm described above is applied. 2. The Frontal algorithm uses J. Schoeberls Netgen algorithm7 . The Delaunay algorithm is the most robust and the fastest, and is the only one that supports the Field mechanism to specify element sizes (see Section 6.3.1 [Specifying mesh element sizes], page 41). However, this algorithm will sometimes modify the surface mesh, and is thus not suitable for producing hybrid structured/unstructured grids. In that case the Frontal algorithm should be preferred. The quality of the elements produced by both algorithms is comparable. If element quality is important the mesh optimizer(s) should be applied.
6.2 Elementary vs. physical entities

If only elementary geometrical entities are dened (or if the Mesh.SaveAll option is set; see Section B.3 [Mesh options list], page 167), the grid produced by the mesh module will be saved as is. That is, all the elements in the grid will be saved using the identication number of the elementary entities they discretize as their elementary region number (and 0 as their physical region number8 ; Chapter 9 [File formats], page 89). This can sometimes be inconvenient: mesh elements cannot be duplicated; the orientation of the mesh elements (the ordering of their nodes) is determined entirely by the orientation of their parent elementary entities, and cannot be modied; elements belonging to dierent elementary entities cannot be linked as being part of a larger group having a physical or mathematical meaning (like Left wing, Metallic part, Dirichlet boundary condition, . . . ). To remedy these problems, the geometry module (see Chapter 5 [Geometry module], page 31) introduces the notion of physical entities (also called physical groups).
6 7 8
H. Si, Tetgen: a quality tetrahedral mesh generator and three-dimensional Delaunay triangulator, 2004. J. Schoeberl, Netgen, an advancing front 2d/3d-mesh generator based on abstract rules, Comput. Visual. Sci., 1, pp. 4152, 1997. This behaviour was introduced in Gmsh 2.0. In older versions, both the elementary and the physical region numbers would be set to the identication number of the elementary region.
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The purpose of physical entities is to assemble elementary entities into larger, possibly overlapping groups, and to control the orientation of the elements in these groups. The introduction of physical entities in large models usually greatly facilitates the manipulation of the model (e.g., using Tools->Visibility in the GUI) and the interfacing with external solvers. In the MSH le format (see Chapter 9 [File formats], page 89), if physical entities are dened, the output mesh only contains those elements that belong to physical entities. Other le formats each treat physical entities in slightly dierent ways, depending on their capability to dene groups. In all cases, Gmsh reindexes the mesh vertices and elements so that they are numbered in a continuous sequence in the output les. Note that the numbers displayed on screen after mesh generation thus usually dier from the ones saved in the mesh les. To check the actual numbers saved in the output le just load the le back using File->Open.
6.3 Mesh commands

The mesh module commands mostly permit to modify the mesh element sizes and specify structured grid parameters. The actual mesh actions (i.e., mesh the lines, mesh the surfaces and mesh the volumes) cannot be specied in the script les. They have to be given either in the GUI or on the command line (see Chapter 3 [Running Gmsh on your system], page 11, and Section 3.3 [Command-line options], page 12).
6.3.1 Specifying mesh element sizes

There are three ways to specify the size of the mesh elements for a given geometry: 1. First, if Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromPoints is set (it is by default), you can simply specify desired mesh element sizes at the geometrical points of the model (with the Point command: see Section 5.1.1 [Points], page 31). The size of the mesh elements will then be computed by linearly interpolating these values on the initial mesh (see Section 1.2 [Mesh], page 5). This might sometimes lead to over-renement in some areas, so that you may have to add dummy geometrical entities in the model in order to get the desired element sizes. This method works with all the algorithms implemented in the mesh module. The nal element sizes are of course constrained by the structured algorithms for which the element sizes are explicitly specied (e.g., transnite and extruded grids: see Section 6.3.2 [Structured grids], page 55). 2. Second, if Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromCurvature is set (it is not by default), the mesh will be adapted with respect to the curvature of the geometrical entities. 3. Finally, you can specify general mesh size elds. Various elds exist: A PostView eld species an explicit background mesh in the form of a scalar post-processing view (see Section 8.1 [Post-processing commands], page 64, and Chapter 9 [File formats], page 89) in which the nodal values are the target element sizes. This method is very general but it requires a rst (usually rough) mesh and a way to compute the target sizes on this mesh (usually through an error estimation procedure, in an iterative process of mesh adaptation). Warning: only parsed (.pos) les can currently be used as background meshes (.msh les cannot be
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Gmsh 2.8
used, since the mesh used to dene the eld will be destroyed during the meshing process). (Note that you can also load a background mesh directly from the command line using the -bgm option (see Section 3.3 [Command-line options], page 12), or in the GUI by selecting Apply as background mesh in the post-processing view option menu.) A Box eld species the size of the elements inside and outside of a parallelepipedic region. A Threshold eld species the size of the mesh according to the distance to some geometrical entities. These entities can for example be geometry points and lines specied by an Attractor eld. A MathEval eld species the size of the mesh using an explicit mathematical function. A Min eld species the size as the minimum of the sizes computed using other elds ...
Fields are supported by all the algorithms except those based on Netgen. The list of available elds with their options is given below. The three aforementioned methods can be used simultaneously, in which case the smallest element size is selected at any given point. All element sizes are further constrained by the Mesh.CharacteristicLengthMin, Mesh.CharacteristicLengthMax and Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFactor options (see Section B.3 [Mesh options list], page 167) Here are the mesh commands that are related to the specication of mesh element sizes: Characteristic Length { expression-list } = expression ; Modify the prescribed mesh element size of the points whose identication numbers are listed in expression-list. The new value is given by expression. Field[expression ] = string ; Create a new eld (with id number expression), of type string. Field[expression ].string = char-expression | expression | expression-list ; Set the option string of the expression-th eld. Background Field = expression ; Select the expression-th eld as the one used to compute element sizes. Only one background eld can be given; if you want to combine several eld, use the Min or Max eld (see below). Here is the list of all available elds with their associated options: Attractor Compute the distance from the nearest node in a list. It can also be used to compute the distance from curves, in which case each curve is replaced by NNodesByEdge equidistant nodes and the distance from those nodes is computed. Options:
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EdgesList Indices of curves in the geometric model type: list default value: {} FacesList Indices of surfaces in the geometric model (Warning, this feature is still experimental. It might (read: will probably) give wrong results for complex surfaces) type: list default value: {} FieldX Id of the eld to use as x coordinate. type: integer default value: -1 Id of the eld to use as y coordinate. type: integer default value: -1 Id of the eld to use as z coordinate. type: integer default value: -1
FieldY
FieldZ
NNodesByEdge Number of nodes used to discretized each curve type: integer default value: 20 NodesList Indices of nodes in the geometric model type: list default value: {} AttractorAnisoCurve Compute the distance from the nearest curve in a list. Then the mesh size can be specied independently in the direction normal to the curve and in the direction parallel to the curve (Each curve is replaced by NNodesByEdge equidistant nodes and the distance from those nodes is computed.) Options: EdgesList Indices of curves in the geometric model type: list default value: {} NNodesByEdge Number of nodes used to discretized each curve type: integer default value: 20
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dMax
Maxmium distance, above this distance from the curves, prescribe the maximum mesh sizes. type: oat default value: 0.5 Minimum distance, bellow this distance from the curves, prescribe the minimum mesh sizes. type: oat default value: 0.1 Maximum mesh size in the direction normal to the closest curve. type: oat default value: 0.5
dMin
lMaxNormal
lMaxTangent Maximum mesh size in the direction tangeant to the closest curve. type: oat default value: 0.5 lMinNormal Minimum mesh size in the direction normal to the closest curve. type: oat default value: 0.05 lMinTangent Minimum mesh size in the direction tangeant to the closest curve. type: oat default value: 0.5 BoundaryLayer hwall * ratio^(dist/hwall) Options: AnisoMax Threshold angle for creating a mesh fan in the boundary layer type: oat default value: 10000000000 Indices of curves in the geometric model for which a boundary layer is needed type: list default value: {} FacesList Indices of faces in the geometric model for which a boundary layer is needed type: list default value: {}
EdgesList
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IntersectMetrics Intersect metrics of all faces type: integer default value: 0 NodesList Indices of nodes in the geometric model type: list default value: {} Quads Generate recombined elements in the boundary layer type: integer default value: 0 Threshold angle for creating a mesh fan in the boundary layer type: oat default value: 30 hfar Element size far from the wall type: oat default value: 1 Mesh Size Normal to the The Wall type: oat default value: 0.1 Mesh Size Tangent to the Wall type: oat default value: 0.5 Size Ratio Between Two Successive Layers type: oat default value: 1.1 Maximal thickness of the boundary layer type: oat default value: 0.01 Box The value of this eld is VIn inside the box, VOut outside the box. The box is given by Xmin <= x <= XMax && YMin <= y <= YMax && ZMin <= z <= ZMax Options: VIn Value inside the box type: oat default value: 0
fan_angle
hwall_n
hwall_t
ratio
thickness
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Gmsh 2.8
VOut
Value outside the box type: oat default value: 0 Maximum X coordinate of the box type: oat default value: 0 Minimum X coordinate of the box type: oat default value: 0 Maximum Y coordinate of the box type: oat default value: 0 Minimum Y coordinate of the box type: oat default value: 0 Maximum Z coordinate of the box type: oat default value: 0 Minimum Z coordinate of the box type: oat default value: 0
XMax
XMin
YMax
YMin
ZMax
ZMin
Centerline The value of this eld is the distance to the centerline. You should specify a leName that contains the centerline. The centerline of a surface can be obtained with the open source software vmtk (http://www.vmtk.org/) using the following script: vmtk vmtkcenterlines -seedselector openproles -ile mysurface.stl -ole centerlines.vtp pipe vmtksurfacewriter -ile centerlines.vtp -ole centerlines.vtk Options: File name for the centerlines type: string default value: "centerlines.vtk"
FileName
closeVolume Action: Create In/Outlet planar faces type: integer default value: 0
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extrudeWall Action: Extrude wall type: integer default value: 0 hLayer Thickness (% of radius) of the extruded layer type: oat default value: 0.3
hSecondLayer Thickness (% of radius) of the second extruded layer type: oat default value: 0.3 nbElemLayer Number of mesh elements the extruded layer type: integer default value: 3 nbElemSecondLayer Number of mesh elements the second extruded layer type: integer default value: 0 nbPoints Number of mesh elements in a circle type: integer default value: 25 Action: Cut the initial mesh in dierent mesh partitions using the centerlines type: integer default value: 0
reMesh
Actions: run Curvature Compute the curvature of Field[IField]: F = div(norm(grad(Field[IField]))) Options: Delta Step of the nite dierences type: oat default value: 0 Field index type: integer default value: 1 Run actions (closeVolume, extrudeWall, cutMesh)
IField
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Gmsh 2.8
Cylinder
The value of this eld is VIn inside a frustrated cylinder, VOut outside. The cylinder is given by ||dX||^2 < R^2 && (X-X0).A < ||A||^2 dX = (X - X0) - ((X - X0).A)/(||A||^2) . A Options: Radius Radius type: oat default value: 0 Value inside the cylinder type: oat default value: 0 Value outside the cylinder type: oat default value: 0 X component of the cylinder axis type: oat default value: 0 X coordinate of the cylinder center type: oat default value: 0 Y component of the cylinder axis type: oat default value: 0 Y coordinate of the cylinder center type: oat default value: 0 Z component of the cylinder axis type: oat default value: 1 Z coordinate of the cylinder center type: oat default value: 0
VIn
VOut
XAxis
XCenter
YAxis
YCenter
ZAxis
ZCenter
Frustum
This eld is an extended cylinder with inner (i) and outer (o) radiuseson both endpoints (1 and 2). Length scale is bilinearly interpolated betweenthese locations (inner and outer radiuses, endpoints 1 and 2)The eld values for a point P are given by : u = P1P.P1P2/||P1P2|| r = || P1P - u*P1P2 || Ri = (1-u)*R1i + u*R2i Ro = (1-u)*R1o + u*R2o v = (r-Ri)/(Ro-Ri) lc = (1-v)*( (1-u)*v1i + u*v2i ) + v*( (1-u)*v1o + u*v2o ) where (u,v) in [0,1]x[0,1] Options:
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R1_inner
Inner radius of Frustum at endpoint 1 type: oat default value: 0 Outer radius of Frustum at endpoint 1 type: oat default value: 1 Inner radius of Frustum at endpoint 2 type: oat default value: 0 Outer radius of Frustum at endpoint 2 type: oat default value: 1 Element size at point 1, inner radius type: oat default value: 0.1 Element size at point 1, outer radius type: oat default value: 1 Element size at point 2, inner radius type: oat default value: 0.1 Element size at point 2, outer radius type: oat default value: 1 X coordinate of endpoint 1 type: oat default value: 0 X coordinate of endpoint 2 type: oat default value: 0 Y coordinate of endpoint 1 type: oat default value: 0 Y coordinate of endpoint 2 type: oat default value: 0 Z coordinate of endpoint 1 type: oat default value: 1 Z coordinate of endpoint 2 type: oat default value: 5.98152627002258e-154
R1_outer
R2_inner
R2_outer
V1_inner
V1_outer
V2_inner
V2_outer
X1
X2
Y1
Y2
Z1
Z2
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Gradient
Compute the nite dierence gradient of Field[IField]: F = (Field[IField](X + Delta/2) - Field[IField](X - Delta/2)) / Delta Options: Delta Finite dierence step type: oat default value: 0 Field index type: integer default value: 1 Component of the gradient to evaluate: 0 for X, 1 for Y, 2 for Z, 3 for the norm type: integer default value: 0
IField
Kind
Laplacian Compute nite dierence the Laplacian of Field[IField]: F = G(x+d,y,z) + G(x-d,y,z) + G(x,y+d,z) + G(x,y-d,z) + G(x,y,z+d) + G(x,y,z-d) - 6 * G(x,y,z), where G=Field[IField] and d=Delta Options: Delta Finite dierence step type: oat default value: 0.1 Field index type: integer default value: 1
IField
LonLat
Evaluate Field[IField] in geographic coordinates (longitude, latitude): F = Field[IField](atan(y/x), asin(z/sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)) Options: FromStereo if = 1, the mesh is in stereographic coordinates. xi = 2Rx/(R+z), eta = 2Ry/(R+z) type: integer default value: 0 IField Index of the eld to evaluate. type: integer default value: 1
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RadiusStereo radius of the sphere of the stereograpic coordinates type: oat default value: 6371000 MathEval Evaluate a mathematical expression. The expression can contain x, y, z for spatial coordinates, F0, F1, ... for eld values, and and mathematical functions. Options: F Mathematical function to evaluate. type: string default value: "F2 + Sin(z)"
Actions: test description blabla
MathEvalAniso Evaluate a metric expression. The expressions can contain x, y, z for spatial coordinates, F0, F1, ... for eld values, and and mathematical functions. Options: m11 element 11 of the metric tensor. type: string default value: "F2 + Sin(z)" element 12 of the metric tensor. type: string default value: "F2 + Sin(z)" element 13 of the metric tensor. type: string default value: "F2 + Sin(z)" element 22 of the metric tensor. type: string default value: "F2 + Sin(z)" element 23 of the metric tensor. type: string default value: "F2 + Sin(z)" element 33 of the metric tensor. type: string default value: "F2 + Sin(z)"
m12
m13
m22
m23
m33
Max
Take the maximum value of a list of elds. Options:
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FieldsList Field indices type: list default value: {} MaxEigenHessian Compute the maximum eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix of Field[IField], with the gradients evaluated by nite dierences: F = max(eig(grad(grad(Field[IField])))) Options: Delta Step used for the nite dierences type: oat default value: 0 Field index type: integer default value: 1
IField
Mean
Simple smoother: F = (G(x+delta,y,z) + G(x-delta,y,z) + G(x,y+delta,z) + G(x,y-delta,z) + G(x,y,z+delta) + G(x,y,z-delta) + G(x,y,z)) / 7, where G=Field[IField] Options: Delta Distance used to compute the mean value type: oat default value: 0.0001 Field index type: integer default value: 0
IField
Min
Take the minimum value of a list of elds. Options: FieldsList Field indices type: list default value: {}
MinAniso
Take the intersection of a list of possibly anisotropic elds. Options:
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FieldsList Field indices type: list default value: {} Param Evaluate Field IField in parametric coordinates: F = Field[IField](FX,FY,FZ) See the MathEval Field help to get a description of valid FX, FY and FZ expressions. Options: FX X component of parametric function type: string default value: "" Y component of parametric function type: string default value: "" Z component of parametric function type: string default value: "" Field index type: integer default value: 1
FY
FZ
IField
PostView
Evaluate the post processing view IView. Options: CropNegativeValues return LC MAX instead of a negative value (this option is needed for backward compatibility with the BackgroundMesh option type: boolean default value: 1 IView Post-processing view index type: integer default value: 0
Restrict
Restrict the application of a eld to a given list of geometrical curves, surfaces or volumes. Options: EdgesList Curve indices type: list default value: {}
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FacesList Surface indices type: list default value: {} IField Field index type: integer default value: 1
RegionsList Volume indices type: list default value: {} Structured Linearly interpolate between data provided on a 3D rectangular structured grid. The format of the input le is: Ox Oy Oz Dx Dy Dz nx ny nz v(0,0,0) v(0,0,1) v(0,0,2) ... v(0,1,0) v(0,1,1) v(0,1,2) ... v(0,2,0) v(0,2,1) v(0,2,2) ... ... ... ... v(1,0,0) ... ... where O are the coordinates of the rst node, D are the distances between nodes in each direction, n are the numbers of nodes in each direction, and v are the values on each node. Options: FileName Name of the input le type: path default value: ""
OutsideValue Value of the eld outside the grid (only used if the "SetOutsideValue" option is true). type: oat default value: 0 SetOutsideValue True to use the "OutsideValue" option. If False, the last values of the grid are used. type: boolean default value: 0
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TextFormat True for ASCII input les, false for binary les (4 bite signed integers for n, double precision oating points for v, D and O) type: boolean default value: 0 Threshold F = LCMin if Field[IField] <= DistMin, F = LCMax if Field[IField] >= DistMax, F = interpolation between LcMin and LcMax if DistMin < Field[IField] < DistMax Options: DistMax Distance from entity after which element size will be LcMax type: oat default value: 10 Distance from entity up to which element size will be LcMin type: oat default value: 1 Index of the eld to evaluate type: integer default value: 0 Element size outside DistMax type: oat default value: 1 Element size inside DistMin type: oat default value: 0.1 True to interpolate between LcMin and LcMax using a sigmoid, false to interpolate linearly type: boolean default value: 0
DistMin
IField
LcMax
LcMin
Sigmoid
StopAtDistMax True to not impose element size outside DistMax (i.e., F = a very big value if Field[IField] > DistMax) type: boolean default value: 0
6.3.2 Structured grids

Extrude { expression-list } { extrude-list layers } Extrudes both the geometry and the mesh using a translation (see Section 5.1.5 [Extrusions], page 35). The layers option determines how the mesh is extruded and has the following syntax:
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layers : Layers { expression } | Layers { { expression-list }, { expression-list } } | Recombine; ... QuadTriNoNewVerts <RecombLaterals>; | QuadTriAddVerts <RecombLaterals>; ... In the rst Layers form, expression gives the number of elements to be created in the (single) layer. In the second form, the rst expression-list denes how many elements should be created in each extruded layer, and the second expression-list gives the normalized height of each layer (the list should contain a sequence of n numbers 0 < h1 < h2 < . . . < hn <= 1). See Section A.3 [t3.geo], page 111, for an example. For line extrusions, the Recombine option will recombine triangles into quadrangles when possible. For surface extrusions, the Recombine option will recombine tetrahedra into prisms, hexahedra or pyramids. Please note that, starting with Gmsh 2.0, region numbers cannot be specied explicitly anymore in Layers commands. Instead, as with all other geometry commands, you must use the automatically created entity identier created by the extrusion command. For example, the following extrusion command will return the id of the new top surface in num[0] and the id of the new volume in num[1]: num[] = Extrude {0,0,1} { Surface{1}; Layers{10}; }; QuadTriNoNewVerts and QuadTriAddVerts allow to connect structured, extruded volumes containing quadrangle-faced elements to structured or unstructured tetrahedral volumes, by subdividing into triangles any quadrangles on boundary surfaces shared with tetrahedral volumes. (They have no eect for 1D or 2D extrusions.) QuadTriNoNewVerts subdivides any of the regions quadfaced 3D elements that touch these boundary triangles into pyramids, prisms, or tetrahedra as necessary, all WITHOUT adding new vertices. QuadTriAddVerts works in a simular way, but subdivides 3D elements touching the boundary triangles by adding a new vertex inside each element at the vertex-based centroid. Either method results in a structured extrusion with an outer layer of subdivided elements that interface the inner, unmodied elements to the trianglemeshed region boundaries. In some rare cases, due to certain lateral boundary conditions, it may not be possible make a valid element subdivision with QuadTriNoNewVerts without adding additional vertices. In this case, an internal vertex is created at the vertex-based centroid of the element. The element is then divided using that vertex. When an internal vertex is created with QuadTriNoNewVerts, the user is alerted by a warning message sent for each instance; however, the mesh will still be valid and conformal. Both QuadTriNoNewVerts and QuadTriAddVerts can be used with the optional RecombLaterals keyword. By default, the QuadTri algorithms will mesh any free laterals as triangles, if possible. RecombLaterals forces any free laterals
57
to remain as quadrangles, if possible. Lateral surfaces between two QuadTri regions will always be meshed as quadrangles. Note that the QuadTri algorithms will handle all potential meshing conicts along the lateral surfaces of the extrusion. In other words, QuadTri will not subdivide a lateral that must remain as quadrangles, nor will it leave a lateral as quadrangles if it must be divided. The user should therefore feel free to mix dierent types of neighboring regions with a QuadTri meshed region; the mesh should work. However, be aware that the top surface of the QuadTri extrusion will always be meshed as triangles, unless it is extruded back onto the original source in a toroidal loop (a case which also works with QuadTri). QuadTriNoNewVerts and QuadTriAddVerts may be used interchangeably, but QuadTriAddVerts often gives better element quality. If the user wishes to interface a structured extrusion to a tetrahedral volume without modifying the original structured mesh, the user may create dedicated interface volumes around the structured geometry and apply a QuadTri algorithm to those volumes only. Extrude { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { extrude-list layers } Extrudes both the geometry and the mesh using a rotation (see Section 5.1.5 [Extrusions], page 35). The layers option is dened as above. Extrude { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { extrude-list layers } Extrudes both the geometry and the mesh using a combined translation and rotation (see Section 5.1.5 [Extrusions], page 35). The layers option is dened as above. Extrude { Surface { expression-list }; layers < Using Index[expr ]; > < Using View[expr ]; > < ScaleLastLayer; > } Extrudes a boundary layer from the specied surfaces. If no view is specied, the boundary layer is created using gouraud-shaped (smoothed) normal eld. Specifying a boundary layer index allows to extrude several independent boundary layers (with independent normal smoothing). ScaleLastLayer scales the height of the last (top) layer of each normals extrusion by the average length of the edges in all the source elements that contain the source vertex (actually, the average of the averages for each elementedges actually touching the source vertex are counted twice). This allows the height of the last layer to vary along with the size of the source elements in order to achieve better element quality. For example, in a boundary layer extruded with the Layers denition Layers{ {1,4,2}, {0.5, 0.6, 1.6} }, a source vertex adjacent to elements with an overall average edge length of 5.0 will extrude to have a last layer height = (1.6-0.6) * 5.0 = 5.0. Transfinite Line { expression-list } | "*" = expression < Using Progression | Bump expression >; Selects the lines in expression-list to be meshed with the 1D transnite algorithm. The expression on the right hand side gives the number of nodes that will
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Gmsh 2.8
be created on the line (this overrides any other mesh element size prescription see Section 6.3.1 [Specifying mesh element sizes], page 41). The optional argument Using Progression expression instructs the transnite algorithm to distribute the nodes following a geometric progression (Progression 2 meaning for example that each line element in the series will be twice as long as the preceding one). The optional argument Using Bump expression instructs the transnite algorithm to distribute the nodes with a renement at both ends of the line. Transfinite Surface { expression-list } | "*" < = { expression-list } > < Left | Right | Alternate | AlternateRight | AlternateLeft > ; Selects surfaces to be meshed with the 2D transnite algorithm. The expressionlist on the right-hand-side should contain the identication numbers of three or four points on the boundary of the surface that dene the corners of the transnite interpolation. If no identication numbers are given, the transnite algorithm will try to nd the corners automatically. The optional argument species the way the triangles are oriented when the mesh is not recombined. (Alternate is a synonym for AlternateRight). Transfinite Volume { expression-list } | "*" < = { expression-list } > ; Selects ve- or six-face volumes to be meshed with the 3D transnite algorithm. The expression-list on the right-hand-side should contain the identication numbers of the six or eight points on the boundary of the volume that dene the corners of the transnite interpolation. If no identication numbers are given, the transnite algorithm will try to nd the corners automatically. TransfQuadTri { expression-list } | "*"; Applies the transnite QuadTri algorithm on the expression-list list of volumes ("*" can be used to apply TransfQuadTri to all existing volumes). A transnite volume with any combination of recombined and un-recombined transnite boundary surfaces is valid when meshed with TransfQuadTri. When applied to non-Transnite volumes, TransfQuadTri has no eect on those volumes.
6.3.3 Miscellaneous
Here is a list of all other mesh commands currently available: Point | Line { expression-list } In Surface { expression }; Embed the point(s) or line(s) in the given surface. The surface mesh will conform to the mesh of the point(s) or lines(s). Surface { expression-list } In Volume { expression }; Embed the surface in the given volume. The volume mesh will conform to the mesh of the surface. Periodic Line { expression-list } = { expression-list }; Force mesh of lines on the left-hand side (slaves) to match the mesh of the lines on the right-hand side (masters).
59
Periodic Surface expression { expression-list } = expression { expression-list }; Force mesh of the surface on the left-hand side (slave, with boundary edges specied between braces) to match the mesh of the surface on the right-hand side (master, with boundary edges specied between braces). Coherence Mesh; Removes all duplicate mesh vertices. < Recursive > Color color-expression { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } Sets the mesh color of the entities in expression-list to color-expression. < Recursive > Hide { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } Hides the mesh of the entities in expression-list, if General.VisibilityMode is set to 0 or 2. Hide char-expression ; Hides the mesh of the entity char-expression, if General.VisibilityMode is set to 0 or 2 (char-expression can for example be "*"). Recombine Surface { expression-list } | "*" < = expression >; Recombines the triangular meshes of the surfaces listed in expression-list into mixed triangular/quadrangular meshes. The optional expression on the right hand side species the maximum dierence (in degrees) allowed between the largest angle of a quadrangle and a right angle (a value of 0 would only accept quadrangles with right angles; a value of 90 would allow degenerate quadrangles; default value is 45). Reverse Line | Surface { expression-list } ; Reverses the mesh of the given line(s) or surface(s). Save char-expression ; Saves the mesh in a le named char-expression, using the current Mesh.Format (see Section B.3 [Mesh options list], page 167). If the path in char-expression is not absolute, char-expression is appended to the path of the current le. < Recursive > Show { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } Shows the mesh of the entities in expression-list, if General.VisibilityMode is set to 0 or 2. Show char-expression ; Shows the mesh of the entity char-expression, if General.VisibilityMode is set to 0 or 2 (char-expression can for example be "*"). Smoother Surface { expression-list } = expression ; Sets number of elliptic smoothing steps for the surfaces listed in expression-list (smoothing only applies to transnite meshes at the moment). Homology ( { expression-list } ) { { expression-list } , { expression-list } }; Compute a basis representation for homology spaces after a mesh has been generated. The rst expression-list is a list of dimensions whose homology bases are computed; if empty, all bases are computed. The second expression-list is
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Gmsh 2.8
a list physical groups that constitute the computation domain; if empty, the whole mesh is the domain. The third expression-list is a list of physical groups that constitute the relative subdomain of relative homology computation; if empty, absolute homology is computed. Resulting basis representation chains are stored as physical groups in the mesh. Cohomology ( { expression-list } ) { { expression-list } , { expression-list } }; Similar to command Homology, but computes a basis representation for cohomology spaces instead.
6.4 Mesh options

The list of all the options that control the behavior of mesh commands, as well as the way meshes are displayed in the GUI, is given in Section B.3 [Mesh options list], page 167.
Chapter 7: Solver module
61
7 Solver module
External solvers can be driven by Gmsh through the ONELAB http://www.onelab.info interface. To add a new solver in the solver module, you need to specify its name (Solver.Name0, Solver.Name1, etc.) and the path to the executable (Solver.Executable0, Solver.Executable1, etc.); see Section B.4 [Solver options list], page 184). The client-server API for the solver interface is dened in the onelab.h header. See utils/solvers/c++/solver.cpp for a simple example on how to use the ONELAB programming interface. See the sources of GetDP (http://geuz.org/getdp for a more comprehensive example.
7.1 Solver options

The list of all the solver options is given in Section B.4 [Solver options list], page 184.
Chapter 8: Post-processing module
63
8 Post-processing module
Gmshs post-processing module can handle multiple scalar, vector or tensor datasets along with the geometry and the mesh. The datasets can be given in several formats: in humanreadable parsed format (these are just part of a standard input script, but are usually put in separate les with a .pos extension), in native MSH les (ASCII or binary les with .msh extensions: see Chapter 9 [File formats], page 89), or in standard third-party formats (like MED: http://www.code-aster.org/outils/med/). Once loaded into Gmsh, scalar elds can be displayed as iso-value lines and surfaces or color maps, whereas vector elds can be represented either by three-dimensional arrows or by displacement maps. (Tensor elds are currently displayed as Von-Mises eective stresses, min/max eigenvalues, eigenvectors, ellipsis or ellipsoid. To display other (combinations of) components, you can use the Force scalar or Force vector options, or use Plugin(MathEval): see Section 8.2 [Post-processing plugins], page 67.) In Gmshs jargon, each dataset is called a view. Each view is given a name, and can be manipulated either individually (each view has its own button in the GUI and can be referred to by its index in a script) or globally (see the PostProcessing.Link option in Section B.5 [Post-processing options list], page 188). By default, Gmsh treats all post-processing views as three-dimensional plots, i.e., draws the scalar, vector and tensor primitives (points, lines, triangles, tetrahedra, etc.) in 3D space. But Gmsh can also represent each post-processing view containing scalar points as two-dimensional (X-Y) plots, either space- or time-oriented: in a 2D space plot, the scalar points are taken in the same order as they are dened in the post-processing view: the abscissa of the 2D graph is the curvilinear abscissa of the curve dened by the point series, and only one curve is drawn using the values associated with the points. If several time steps are available, each time step generates a new curve; in a 2D time plot, one curve is drawn for each scalar point in the view and the abscissa is the time step. Although visualization is usually mostly an interactive task, Gmsh exposes all the postprocessing commands and options to the user in its scripting language to permit a complete automation of the post-processing process (see e.g., Section A.8 [t8.geo], page 120, and Section A.9 [t9.geo], page 124). The two following sections summarize all available post-processing commands and options. Most options apply to both 2D and 3D plots (colormaps, point/line sizes, interval types, time step selection, etc.), but some are peculiar to 3D (lightning, element selection, etc.) or 2D plots (abscissa labels, etc.). Note that 2D plots can be positioned explicitly inside the graphical window, or be automatically positioned in order to avoid overlaps. Sample post-processing les in human-readable parsed format and in the native MSH le format are available in the tutorial directory of Gmshs distribution (.pos and .msh les). The parsed format is dened in the next section (cf. the View command); the MSH format is dened in Chapter 9 [File formats], page 89.
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Gmsh 2.8
8.1 Post-processing commands

Alias View[expression ]; Creates an alias of the expression-th post-processing view. Note that Alias creates a logical duplicate of the view without actually duplicating the data in memory. This is very useful when you want multiple simultaneous renderings of the same large dataset (usually with dierent display options), but you cannot aord to store all copies in memory. If what you really want is multiple physical copies of the data, just merge the le containing the post-processing view multiple times. AliasWithOptions View[expression ]; Creates an alias of the expression-th post-processing view and copies all the options of the expression-th view to the new aliased view. Combine ElementsByViewName; Combines all the post-processing views having the same name into new views. The combination is done spatially, i.e., simply by appending the elements at the end of the new views. Combine ElementsFromAllViews | Combine Views; Combines all the post-processing views into a single new view. The combination is done spatially, i.e., simply by appending the elements at the end of the new view. Combine ElementsFromVisibleViews; Combines all the visible post-processing views into a single new view. The combination is done spatially, i.e., simply by appending the elements at the end of the new view. Combine TimeStepsByViewName | Combine TimeSteps; Combines the data from all the post-processing views having the same name into new multi-time-step views. The combination is done temporally, i.e., as if the data in each view corresponds to a dierent time instant. The combination will fail if the meshes in all the views are not identical. Combine TimeStepsFromAllViews; Combines the data from all the post-processing views into a new multi-timestep view. The combination is done temporally, i.e., as if the data in each view corresponds to a dierent time instant. The combination will fail if the meshes in all the views are not identical. Combine TimeStepsFromVisibleViews; Combines the data from all the visible post-processing views into a new multitime-step view. The combination is done temporally, i.e., as if the data in each view corresponds to a dierent time instant. The combination will fail if the meshes in all the views are not identical. Delete View[expression ]; Deletes (removes) the expression-th post-processing view. processing view numbers start at 0. Note that post-
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Delete Empty Views; Deletes (removes) all the empty post-processing views. Background Mesh View[expression ]; Applies the expression-th post-processing view as the current background mesh. Note that post-processing view numbers start at 0. Plugin (string ) . Run; Executes the plugin string. The list of default plugins is given in Section 8.2 [Post-processing plugins], page 67. Plugin (string ) . string = expression | char-expression ; Sets an option for a given plugin. See Section 8.2 [Post-processing plugins], page 67, for a list of default plugins and Section A.9 [t9.geo], page 124, for some examples. Save View[expression ] char-expression ; Saves the the expression-th post-processing view in a le named char-expression. If the path in char-expression is not absolute, char-expression is appended to the path of the current le. View "string " { string < ( expression-list ) > { expression-list }; ... }; Creates a new post-processing view, named "string ". This is an easy and quite powerful way to import post-processing data: all the values are expressions, you can embed datasets directly into your geometrical descriptions (see, e.g., Section A.4 [t4.geo], page 113), the data can be easily generated on-the-y (there is no header containing a priori information on the size of the dataset). The syntax is also very permissive, which makes it ideal for testing purposes. However this parsed format is read by Gmshs script parser, which makes it inecient if there are many elements in the dataset. Also, there is no connectivity information in parsed views and all the elements are independent (all elds can be discontinuous), so a lot of information can be duplicated. For large datasets, you should thus use the mesh-based post-processing le format described in Chapter 9 [File formats], page 89, or use one of the standard formats like MED. More explicitly, the syntax for a parsed View is the following View "string " { type ( list-of-coords ) { list-of-values }; ... < TIME { expression-list }; > < INTERPOLATION_SCHEME { val-coef-matrix } { val-exp-matrix } < { geo-coef-matrix } { geo-exp-matrix } > ; > }; where the 47 object type s that can be displayed are:
type #list-of-coords #list-of-values -------------------------------------------------------------------Scalar point SP 3 1 * nb-time-steps Vector point VP 3 3 * nb-time-steps Tensor point TP 3 9 * nb-time-steps Scalar line SL 6 2 * nb-time-steps Vector line VL 6 6 * nb-time-steps
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Tensor line Scalar triangle Vector triangle Tensor triangle Scalar quadrangle Vector quadrangle Tensor quadrangle Scalar tetrahedron Vector tetrahedron Tensor tetrahedron Scalar hexahedron Vector hexahedron Tensor hexahedron Scalar prism Vector prism Tensor prism Scalar pyramid Vector pyramid Tensor pyramid 2D text 3D text
TL ST VT TT SQ VQ TQ SS VS TS SH VH TH SI VI TI SY VY TY T2 T3
6 9 9 9 12 12 12 12 12 12 24 24 24 18 18 18 15 15 15 3 4
18 * nb-time-steps 3 * nb-time-steps 9 * nb-time-steps 27 * nb-time-steps 4 * nb-time-steps 12 * nb-time-steps 36 * nb-time-steps 4 * nb-time-steps 12 * nb-time-steps 36 * nb-time-steps 8 * nb-time-steps 24 * nb-time-steps 72 * nb-time-steps 6 * nb-time-steps 18 * nb-time-steps 54 * nb-time-steps 5 * nb-time-steps 15 * nb-time-steps 45 * nb-time-steps arbitrary arbitrary
The coordinates are given by node, i.e., (coord1, coord2, coord3 ) for a point, (coord1-node1, coord2-node1, coord3-node1, coord1-node2, coord2-node2, coord3-node2 ) for a line, (coord1-node1, coord2-node1, coord3-node1, coord1-node2, coord2-node2, coord3-node2, coord1-node3, coord2-node3, coord3-node3 ) for a triangle, etc. The ordering of the nodes is given in Section 9.3 [Node ordering], page 96. The values are given by time step, by node and by component, i.e.: comp1-node1-time1, comp2-node1-time1, comp3-node1-time1, comp1-node2-time1, comp2-node2-time1, comp3-node2-time1, comp1-node3-time1, comp2-node3-time1, comp3-node3-time1, comp1-node1-time2, comp2-node1-time2, comp3-node1-time2, comp1-node2-time2, comp2-node2-time2, comp3-node2-time2, comp1-node3-time2, comp2-node3-time2, comp3-node3-time2, ... For the 2D text objects, the two rst expressions in list-of-coords give the X-Y position of the string in screen coordinates, measured from the top-left corner of the window. If the rst (respectively second) expression is negative, the position is measured from the right (respectively bottom) edge of the window. If the value of the rst (respectively second) expression is larger than 99999, the string is centered horizontally (respectively vertically). If the third expression is equal to zero, the text is aligned bottom-left and displayed using the default font and size. Otherwise, the third expression is converted into an integer whose eight lower bits give the font size, whose eight next bits select the font (the index corresponds to the position in the font menu in the GUI), and whose eight next bits dene the text alignment (0=bottom-left, 1=bottom-center, 2=bottom-
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right, 3=top-left, 4=top-center, 5=top-right, 6=center-left, 7=center-center, 8=center-right). For the 3D text objects, the three rst expressions in list-of-coords give the XYZ position of the string in model (real world) coordinates. The fourth expression has the same meaning as the third expression in 2D text objects. For both 2D and 3D text objects, the list-of-values can contain an arbitrary number of char-expressions. The optional TIME list can contain a list of expressions giving the value of the time (or any other variable) for which an evolution was saved. The optional INTERPOLATION_SCHEME lists can contain the interpolation matrices used for high-order adaptive visualization. Let us assume that the approximation of the views value over an element is written as a linear combination of d basis functions f [i ], i =0, ..., d-1 (the coecients being stored in list-of-values ). Dening f [i ] = Sum(j =0, ..., d-1) F [i ][j ] p [j ], with p [j ] = u^P [j ][0] v ^P [j ][1] w ^P [j ][2] (u, v and w being the coordinates in the elements parameter space), then val-coef-matrix denotes the d x d matrix F and val-exp-matrix denotes the d x 3 matrix P. In the same way, let us also assume that the coordinates x, y and z of the element are obtained through a geometrical mapping from parameter space as a linear combination of m basis functions g [i ], i =0, ..., m-1 (the coecients being stored in list-of-coords ). Dening g [i ] = Sum(j =0, ..., m-1) G[i ][j ] q[j ], with q[j ] = u^Q [j ][0] v ^Q [j ][1] w ^Q [j ][2], then val-coef-matrix denotes the m x m matrix G and val-exp-matrix denotes the m x 3 matrix Q. Here are for example the interpolation matrices for a rst order quadrangle:
INTERPOLATION_SCHEME { {1/4,-1/4, 1/4,-1/4}, {1/4, 1/4,-1/4,-1/4}, {1/4, 1/4, 1/4, 1/4}, {1/4,-1/4,-1/4, 1/4} } { {0, 0, 0}, {1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {1, 1, 0} };
8.2 Post-processing plugins

Post-processing plugins permit to extend the functionality of Gmshs post-processing module. The dierence between regular post-processing options (see Section B.5 [Post-processing options list], page 188) and post-processing plugins is that regular post-processing options only change the way the data is displayed, while post-processing plugins either create new post-processing views, or modify the data stored in a view (in a destructive, non-reversible way). Plugins are available in the GUI by right-clicking on a view button (or by clicking on the black arrow next to the view button) and then selecting the Plugin submenu.
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Here is the list of the plugins that are shipped by default with Gmsh: Plugin(AnalyseCurvedMesh) Plugin(AnalyseCurvedMesh) check the jacobian of all elements of dimension Dim or the greater model dimension if Dim is either <0 or >3. Analysis : 0 do nothing +1 nd invalid elements (*) +2 compute J min and J max of all elements and print some statistics Eect (for *) : 0 do nothing +1 print a list of invalid elements +2 print some statistics +4 hide valid elements (for GUI) MaxDepth = 0,1,... 0 : only sample the jacobian 1 : compute Bezier coecients 2+ : execute a maximum of 1+ subdivision(s) JacBreak = [0,1[ : if a value of the jacobian <= JacBreak is found, the element is said to be invalid BezBreak = [0,JacBreak[ : if all Bezier coecients are > BezBreak, the element is said to be valid Tolerance = R+ , << 1 : tolerance (relatively to J min and J max) used during the computation of J min and J max Numeric options: Dim Analysis Effect (1) Default value: 6 JacBreak (1) Default value: 0 BezBreak (1) Default value: 0 MaxDepth (1,2) Default value: 20 Tolerance (2) Default value: 0.001 Plugin(Annotate) Plugin(Annotate) adds the text string Text, in font Font and size FontSize, in the view View. The string is aligned according to Align. If ThreeD is equal to 1, the plugin inserts the string in model coordinates at the position (X,Y,Z). If ThreeD is equal to 0, the plugin inserts the string in screen coordinates at the position (X,Y). If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Annotate) is executed in-place for list-based datasets or creates a new view for other datasets. String options: Text Font Align Default value: "My Text" Default value: "Helvetica" Default value: "Left" Default value: -1 Default value: 2
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Numeric options: X Y Z ThreeD FontSize View Default value: 50 Default value: 30 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 14 Default value: -1
Plugin(Bubbles) Plugin(Bubbles) constructs a geometry consisting of bubbles inscribed in the Voronoi of an input triangulation. ShrinkFactor allows to change the size of the bubbles. The plugin expects a triangulation in the z = 0 plane to exist in the current model. Plugin(Bubbles) creates one .geo le. String options: OutputFile Default value: "bubbles.geo" Numeric options: ShrinkFactor Default value: 0 Plugin(Crack) Plugin(Crack) creates a crack around the physical group PhysicalGroup of dimension Dimension (1 or 2). The plugin duplicates the vertices and the elements on the crack and stores them in a new discrete curve (Dimension = 1) or surface (Dimension = 2). The elements touching the crack on the negative side are modied to use the newly generated vertices.If OpenBoundaryPhysicalGroup is given (> 0), its vertices are duplicated and the crack will be left open on that (part of the) boundary. Otherwise, the lips of the crack are sealed, i.e., its vertices are not duplicated. Numeric options: Dimension Default value: 1 PhysicalGroup Default value: 1 OpenBoundaryPhysicalGroup Default value: 0 Plugin(Curl) Plugin(Curl) computes the curl of the eld in the view View. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Curl) creates one new view. Numeric options: View Default value: -1
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Plugin(CutBox) Plugin(CutBox) cuts the view View with a rectangular box dened by the 4 points (X0,Y0,Z0) (origin), (X1,Y1,Z1) (axis of U), (X2,Y2,Z2) (axis of V) and (X3,Y3,Z3) (axis of W). The number of points along U, V, W is set with the options NumPointsU, NumPointsV and NumPointsW. If ConnectPoints is zero, the plugin creates points; otherwise, the plugin generates hexahedra, quadrangles, lines or points depending on the values of NumPointsU, NumPointsV and NumPointsW. If Boundary is zero, the plugin interpolates the view inside the box; otherwise the plugin interpolates the view at its boundary. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(CutBox) creates one new view. Numeric options: X0 Y0 Z0 X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 X3 Y3 Z3 NumPointsU Default value: 20 NumPointsV Default value: 20 NumPointsW Default value: 20 ConnectPoints Default value: 1 Boundary View Default value: 1 Default value: -1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1
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Plugin(CutGrid) Plugin(CutGrid) cuts the view View with a rectangular grid dened by the 3 points (X0,Y0,Z0) (origin), (X1,Y1,Z1) (axis of U) and (X2,Y2,Z2) (axis of V). The number of points along U and V is set with the options NumPointsU and NumPointsV. If ConnectPoints is zero, the plugin creates points; otherwise, the plugin generates quadrangles, lines or points depending on the values of NumPointsU and NumPointsV. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(CutGrid) creates one new view. Numeric options: X0 Y0 Z0 X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 NumPointsU Default value: 20 NumPointsV Default value: 20 ConnectPoints Default value: 1 View Default value: -1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 0
Plugin(CutParametric) Plugin(CutParametric) cuts the view View with the parametric function (X(u,v), Y(u,v), Z(u,v)), using NumPointsU values of the parameter u in [MinU, MaxU] and NumPointsV values of the parameter v in [MinV, MaxV]. If ConnectPoints is set, the plugin creates surface or line elements; otherwise, the plugin generates points. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(CutParametric) creates one new view. String options: X Y Default value: "2 * Cos(u) * Sin(v)" Default value: "4 * Sin(u) * Sin(v)"
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Default value: "0.1 + 0.5 * Cos(v)" Default value: 0 Default value: 6.2832 Default value: 180
Numeric options: MinU MaxU NumPointsU MinV MaxV NumPointsV Default value: 180 ConnectPoints Default value: 0 View Default value: -1 Default value: 0 Default value: 6.2832
Plugin(CutPlane) Plugin(CutPlane) cuts the view View with the plane A*X + B*Y + C*Z + D = 0. If ExtractVolume is nonzero, the plugin extracts the elements on one side of the plane (depending on the sign of ExtractVolume). If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(CutPlane) creates one new view. Numeric options: A B C D Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: -0.01
ExtractVolume Default value: 0 RecurLevel Default value: 4 TargetError Default value: 0 View Default value: -1
Plugin(CutSphere) Plugin(CutSphere) cuts the view View with the sphere (X-Xc)^2 + (Y-Yc)^2 + (Z-Zc)^2 = R^2. If ExtractVolume is nonzero, the plugin extracts the elements inside (if ExtractVolume < 0) or outside (if ExtractVolume > 0) the sphere. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(CutSphere) creates one new view. Numeric options:
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Xc Yc Zc R
Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0.25
Plugin(DiscretizationError) Plugin(DiscretizationError) computes the error between the mesh and the geometry. It does so by supersampling the elements and computing the distance between the supersampled points dans their projection on the geometry. Numeric options: SuperSamplingNodes Default value: 10 Plugin(Distance) Plugin(Distance) computes distances to physical entities in a mesh. Dene the physical entities to which the distance is computed. If Point=0, Line=0, and Surface=0, then the distance is computed to all the boundaries of the mesh (edges in 2D and faces in 3D). Computation<0. computes the geometrical euclidian distance (warning: dierent than the geodesic distance), and Computation=a>0.0 solves a PDE on the mesh with the diusion constant mu = a*bbox, with bbox being the max size of the bounding box of the mesh (see paper Legrand 2006). Min Scale and max Scale, scale the distance function. If min Scale<0 and max Scale<0, then no scaling is applied to the distance function. Plugin(Distance) creates a new distance view and also saves the view in the leName.pos le. String options: Filename Default value: "distance.pos" Numeric options: PhysPoint Default value: 0 PhysLine Default value: 0
PhysSurface Default value: 0 Computation Default value: -1
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MinScale MaxScale Orthogonal
Default value: -1 Default value: -1 Default value: -1
Plugin(Divergence) Plugin(Divergence) computes the divergence of the eld in the view View. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Divergence) creates one new view. Numeric options: View Default value: -1
Plugin(Eigenvalues) Plugin(Eigenvalues) computes the three real eigenvalues of each tensor in the view View. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Eigenvalues) creates three new scalar views. Numeric options: View Default value: -1
Plugin(Eigenvectors) Plugin(Eigenvectors) computes the three (right) eigenvectors of each tensor in the view View and sorts them according to the value of the associated eigenvalues. If ScaleByEigenvalues is set, each eigenvector is scaled by its associated eigenvalue. The plugin gives an error if the eigenvectors are complex. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Eigenvectors) creates three new vector view. Numeric options: ScaleByEigenvalues Default value: 1 View Default value: -1
Plugin(ExtractEdges) Plugin(ExtractEdges) extracts sharp edges from a triangular mesh. Plugin(ExtractEdges) creates one new view. Numeric options: Angle Default value: 40
IncludeBoundary Default value: 1 Plugin(ExtractElements) Plugin(ExtractElements) extracts some elements from the view View. If MinVal != MaxVal, it extracts the elements whose TimeStep-th values (averaged by element) are comprised between MinVal and MaxVal. If Visible != 0, it extracts visible elements. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(ExtractElements) creates one new view. Numeric options:
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MinVal MaxVal TimeStep Visible Dimension
Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: -1
View
Default value: -1
Plugin(FieldFromAmplitudePhase) Plugin(FieldFromAmplitudePhase) builds a complex eld u from amplitude a (complex) and phase phi given in two dierent Views u = a * exp(k*phi), with k the wavenumber. The result is to be interpolated in a suciently ne mesh: MeshFile. Plugin(FieldFromAmplitudePhase) generates one new view. String options: MeshFile Default value: "fine.msh"
Numeric options: Wavenumber Default value: 5 AmplitudeView Default value: 0 PhaseView Default value: 1 Plugin(Gradient) Plugin(Gradient) computes the gradient of the eld in the view View. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Gradient) creates one new view. Numeric options: View Default value: -1
Plugin(HarmonicToTime) Plugin(HarmonicToTime) takes the values in the time steps RealPart and ImaginaryPart of the view View, and creates a new view containing View[RealPart] * cos(p) - View[ImaginaryPart] * sin(p) with p = 2*Pi*k/NumSteps, k = 0, ..., NumSteps-1. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(HarmonicToTime) creates one new view. Numeric options: RealPart Default value: 0
ImaginaryPart Default value: 1 NumSteps Default value: 20
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View
Default value: -1
Plugin(HomologyComputation) Plugin(HomologyComputation) computes representative chains of basis elements of (relative) homology and cohomology spaces. Dene physical groups in order to specify the computation domain and the relative subdomain. Otherwise the whole mesh is the domain and the relative subdomain is empty. Plugin(HomologyComputation) creates new views, one for each basis element. The resulting basis chains of desired dimension together with the mesh are saved to the given le. String options: DomainPhysicalGroups Default value: "" SubdomainPhysicalGroups Default value: "" ReductionImmunePhysicalGroups Default value: "" DimensionOfChainsToSave Default value: "0, 1, 2, 3" Filename Default value: "homology.msh"
Numeric options: ComputeHomology Default value: 1 ComputeCohomology Default value: 0 HomologyPhysicalGroupsBegin Default value: -1 CohomologyPhysicalGroupsBegin Default value: -1 CreatePostProcessingViews Default value: 1 ReductionOmit Default value: 1 ReductionCombine Default value: 3 PostProcessSimplify Default value: 1 ReductionHeuristic Default value: 1
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Plugin(HomologyPostProcessing) Plugin(HomologyPostProcessing) operates on representative basis chains of homology and cohomology spaces. Functionality: 1. (co)homology basis transformation: TransformationMatrix: Integer matrix of the transformation. PhysicalGroupsOfOperatedChains: (Co)chains of a (co)homology space basis to be transformed. Results a new (co)chain basis that is an integer cobination of the given basis. 2. Make basis representations of a homology space and a cohomology space compatible: PhysicalGroupsOfOperatedChains: Chains of a homology space basis. PhysicalGroupsOfOperatedChains2: Cochains of a cohomology space basis. Results a new basis for the homology space such that the incidence matrix of the new basis and the basis of the cohomology space is the identity matrix. Options: PhysicalGroupsToTraceResults: Trace the resulting (co)chains to the given physical groups. PhysicalGroupsToProjectResults: Project the resulting (co)chains to the complement of the given physical groups. NameForResultChains: Post-processing view name prex for the results. ApplyBoundaryOperatorToResults: Apply boundary operator to the resulting chains. String options: TransformationMatrix Default value: "1, 0; 0, 1" PhysicalGroupsOfOperatedChains Default value: "1, 2" PhysicalGroupsOfOperatedChains2 Default value: "" PhysicalGroupsToTraceResults Default value: "" PhysicalGroupsToProjectResults Default value: "" NameForResultChains Default value: "c" Numeric options: ApplyBoundaryOperatorToResults Default value: 0 Plugin(Integrate) Plugin(Integrate) integrates a scalar eld over all the elements of the view View (if Dimension < 0), or over all elements of the prescribed dimension (if Dimension > 0). If the eld is a vector eld,the circulation/ux of the eld over line/surface elements is calculated. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. If OverTime = 1 , the plugin integrates the scalar view over time instead of over space.
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Plugin(Integrate) creates one new view. Numeric options: View OverTime Dimension Default value: -1 Plugin(Isosurface) Plugin(Isosurface) extracts the isosurface of value Value from the view View, and draws the OtherTimeStep-th step of the view OtherView on this isosurface. If ExtractVolume is nonzero, the plugin extracts the isovolume with values greater (if ExtractVolume > 0) or smaller (if ExtractVolume < 0) than the isosurface Value. If OtherTimeStep < 0, the plugin uses, for each time step in View, the corresponding time step in OtherView. If OtherView < 0, the plugin uses View as the value source. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Isosurface) creates as many views as there are time steps in View. Numeric options: Value Default value: 0 Default value: -1 Default value: -1
OtherTimeStep Default value: -1 OtherView Default value: -1 Plugin(Lambda2) Plugin(Lambda2) computes the eigenvalues Lambda(1,2,3) of the tensor (S ik S kj + Om ik Om kj), where S ij = 0.5 (ui,j + uj,i) and Om ij = 0.5 (ui,j - uj,i) are respectively the symmetric and antisymmetric parts of the velocity gradient tensor. Vortices are well represented by regions where Lambda(2) is negative. If View contains tensor elements, the plugin directly uses the tensors as the values of the velocity gradient tensor; if View contains vector elements, the plugin uses them as the velocities from which to derive the velocity gradient tensor.
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If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Lambda2) creates one new view. Numeric options: Eigenvalue Default value: 2 View Default value: -1
Plugin(LongitudeLatitude) Plugin(LongituteLatitude) projects the view View in longitude-latitude. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(LongituteLatitude) is executed in place. Numeric options: View Default value: -1
Plugin(MakeSimplex) Plugin(MakeSimplex) decomposes all non-simplectic elements (quadrangles, prisms, hexahedra, pyramids) in the view View into simplices (triangles, tetrahedra). If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(MakeSimplex) is executed in-place. Numeric options: View Default value: -1
Plugin(MathEval) Plugin(MathEval) creates a new view using data from the time step TimeStep in the view View. If only Expression0 is given (and Expression1, ..., Expression8 are all empty), the plugin creates a scalar view. If Expression0, Expression1 and/or Expression2 are given (and Expression3, ..., Expression8 are all empty) the plugin creates a vector view. Otherwise the plugin creates a tensor view. In addition to the usual mathematical functions (Exp, Log, Sqrt, Sin, Cos, Fabs, etc.) and operators (+, -, *, /, ^), all expressions can contain: - the symbols v0, v1, v2, ..., vn, which represent the n components in View; - the symbols w0, w1, w2, ..., wn, which represent the n components of OtherView, at time step OtherTimeStep; - the symbols x, y and z, which represent the three spatial coordinates. If TimeStep < 0, the plugin extracts data from all the time steps in the view. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(MathEval) creates one new view.If PhysicalRegion < 0, the plugin is run on all physical regions. Plugin(MathEval) creates one new view. String options: Expression0 Default value: "Sqrt(v0^2+v1^2+v2^2)" Expression1 Default value: ""
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Expression2 Default value: "" Expression3 Default value: "" Expression4 Default value: "" Expression5 Default value: "" Expression6 Default value: "" Expression7 Default value: "" Expression8 Default value: "" Numeric options: TimeStep View Default value: -1 Default value: -1
OtherTimeStep Default value: -1 OtherView Default value: -1 ForceInterpolation Default value: 0 PhysicalRegion Default value: -1 Plugin(MinMax) Plugin(MinMax) computes the min/max of a view. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. If OverTime = 1, calculates the min/max over space AND time If Argument = 1, calculates the min/max AND the argmin/argmax Plugin(MinMax) creates two new views. Numeric options: View OverTime Argument Default value: -1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0
Plugin(ModifyComponent) Plugin(ModifyComponent) sets the Component-th component of the TimeStep-th time step in the view View to the expression Expression. Expression can contain:
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- the usual mathematical functions (Log, Sqrt, Sin, Cos, Fabs, ...) and operators (+, -, *, /, ^); - the symbols x, y and z, to retrieve the coordinates of the current node; - the symbols Time and TimeStep, to retrieve the current time and time step values; - the symbol v, to retrieve the Component-th component of the eld in View at the TimeStep-th time step; - the symbols v0, v1, v2, ..., v8, to retrieve each component of the eld in View at the TimeStep-th time step; - the symbol w, to retrieve the Component-th component of the eld in OtherView at the OtherTimeStep-th time step. If OtherView and View are based on dierent spatial grids, or if their data types are dierent, OtherView is interpolated onto View; - the symbols w0, w1, w2, ..., w8, to retrieve each component of the eld in OtherView at the OtherTimeStep-th time step. If TimeStep < 0, the plugin automatically loops over all the time steps in View and evaluates Expression for each one. If OtherTimeStep < 0, the plugin uses TimeStep instead. If Component < 0, the plugin automatically ops over all the components in the view and evaluates Expression for each one. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. If OtherView < 0, the plugin uses View instead. Plugin(ModifyComponent) is executed in-place. String options: Expression Default value: "v0 * Sin(x)" Numeric options: Component Default value: -1 TimeStep View Default value: -1 Default value: -1
OtherTimeStep Default value: -1 OtherView Default value: -1 ForceInterpolation Default value: 0 Plugin(ModulusPhase) Plugin(ModulusPhase) interprets the time steps realPart and imaginaryPart in the view View as the real and imaginary parts of a complex eld and replaces them with their corresponding modulus and phase.
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If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(ModulusPhase) is executed in-place. Numeric options: RealPart Default value: 0
ImaginaryPart Default value: 1 View Default value: -1
Plugin(NearToFarField) Plugin(NearToFarField) computes the far eld pattern from the near electric E and magnetic H elds on a surface enclosing the radiating device (antenna). Parameters: the wavenumber, the angular discretisation (phi in [0, 2*Pi] and theta in [0, Pi]) of the far eld sphere and the indices of the views containing the complex-valued E and H elds. If Normalize is set, the far eld is normalized to 1. If dB is set, the far eld is computed in dB. If NegativeTime is set, E and H are assumed to have exp(-iwt) time dependency; otherwise they are assume to have exp(+iwt) time dependency. If MatlabOutputFile is given the raw far eld data is also exported in Matlab format. Plugin(NearToFarField) creates one new view. String options: MatlabOutputFile Default value: "farfield.m" Numeric options: Wavenumber Default value: 1 PhiStart PhiEnd Default value: 0 Default value: 6.28319
NumPointsPhi Default value: 60 ThetaStart Default value: 0 ThetaEnd Default value: 3.14159
NumPointsTheta Default value: 30 EView HView Normalize Default value: 1 dB Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 1
NegativeTime Default value: 0
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RFar
Default value: 0
Plugin(NearestNeighbor) Plugin(NearestNeighbor) computes the distance from each point in View to its nearest neighbor. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(NearestNeighbor) is executed in-place. Numeric options: View Default value: -1
Plugin(NewView) Plugin(NewView) creates a new view from a mesh. Numeric options: View Default value: -1
Plugin(Particles) Plugin(Particles) computes the trajectory of particules in the force eld given by the TimeStep-th time step of a vector view View. The plugin takes as input a grid dened by the 3 points (X0,Y0,Z0) (origin), (X1,Y1,Z1) (axis of U) and (X2,Y2,Z2) (axis of V). The number of particles along U and V that are to be transported is set with the options NumPointsU and NumPointsV. The equation A2 * d^2X(t)/dt^2 + A1 * dX(t)/dt + A0 * X(t) = F is then solved with the initial conditions X(t=0) chosen as the grid, dX/dt(t=0)=0, and with F interpolated from the vector view. Time stepping is done using a Newmark scheme with step size DT and MaxIter maximum number of iterations. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Particles) creates one new view containing multi-step vector points. Numeric options: X0 Y0 Z0 X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 NumPointsU Default value: 10 NumPointsV Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 0
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Gmsh 2.8
A2 A1 A0 DT MaxIter TimeStep View
Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0.1 Default value: 100 Default value: 0 Default value: -1
Plugin(Probe) Plugin(Probe) gets the value of the view View at the point (X,Y,Z). If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Probe) creates one new view. Numeric options: X Y Z View Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: -1
Plugin(Remove) Plugin(Remove) removes the marked items from the view View. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Remove) is executed in-place. Numeric options: Text2D Text3D Points Lines Triangles Default value: 0 Quadrangles Default value: 0 Tetrahedra Default value: 0 Hexahedra Default value: 0 Prisms Pyramids Scalar Vector Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 1 Default value: 1 Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0
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Tensor View
Default value: 1 Default value: -1
Plugin(Scal2Vec) Plugin(Scal2Vec) converts the scalar elds of ViewX, ViewY and/or ViewZ into a vectorial eld. The new view NameNewView contains it. If the value of ViewX, ViewY or ViewZ is -1, the value of the vectorial eld in the corresponding direction is 0. String options: NameNewView Default value: "NewView" Numeric options: ViewX ViewY ViewZ Default value: -1 Default value: -1 Default value: -1
Plugin(SimplePartition) Plugin(SimplePartition) partitions the current mesh into NumSlices slices, along the X-, Y- or Z-axis depending on the value of Direction (0,1,2). The plugin creates partition boundaries if CreateBoundaries is set. String options: Mapping Default value: "t"
Numeric options: NumSlices Default value: 4 Direction Default value: 0 CreateBoundaries Default value: 1 Plugin(Skin) Plugin(Skin) extracts the boundary (skin) of the current mesh (if FromMesh = 1), or from the the view View (in which case it creates a new view). If View < 0 and FromMesh = 0, the plugin is run on the current view. If Visible is set, the plugin only extracts the skin of visible entities. Numeric options: Visible FromMesh View Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: -1
Plugin(Smooth) Plugin(Smooth) averages the values at the nodes of the view View. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Smooth) is executed in-place. Numeric options: View Default value: -1
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Plugin(SphericalRaise) Plugin(SphericalRaise) transforms the coordinates of the elements in the view View using the values associated with the TimeStep-th time step. Instead of elevating the nodes along the X, Y and Z axes as with the View[View].RaiseX, View[View].RaiseY and View[View].RaiseZ options, the raise is applied along the radius of a sphere centered at (Xc, Yc, Zc). To produce a standard radiation pattern, set Oset to minus the radius of the sphere the original data lives on. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(SphericalRaise) is executed in-place. Numeric options: Xc Yc Zc Raise Offset TimeStep View Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: -1
Plugin(StreamLines) Plugin(StreamLines) computes stream lines from the TimeStep-th time step of a vector view View and optionally interpolates the scalar view OtherView on the resulting stream lines. The plugin takes as input a grid dened by the 3 points (X0,Y0,Z0) (origin), (X1,Y1,Z1) (axis of U) and (X2,Y2,Z2) (axis of V). The number of points along U and V that are to be transported is set with the options NumPointsU and NumPointsV. The equation dX(t)/dt = V(x,y,z) is then solved with the initial condition X(t=0) chosen as the grid and with V(x,y,z) interpolated on the vector view. The time stepping scheme is a RK44 with step size DT and MaxIter maximum number of iterations. If TimeStep < 0, the plugin tries to compute streamlines of the unsteady ow. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(StreamLines) creates one new view. This view contains multi-step vector points if OtherView < 0, or single-step scalar lines if OtherView >= 0. Numeric options: X0 Y0 Z0 X1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1
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Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 NumPointsU
Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 10
NumPointsV Default value: 1 DT MaxIter TimeStep View OtherView Default value: -1 Plugin(Tetrahedralize) Plugin(Tetrahedralize) tetrahedralizes the points in the view View. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Tetrahedralize) creates one new view. Numeric options: View Default value: -1 Default value: 0.1 Default value: 100 Default value: 0 Default value: -1
Plugin(Transform) Plugin(Transform) transforms the homogeneous node coordinates (x,y,z,1) of the elements in the view View by the matrix [A11 A12 A13 Tx] [A21 A22 A23 Ty] [A31 A32 A33 Tz]. If SwapOrientation is set, the orientation of the elements is reversed. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Transform) is executed in-place. Numeric options: A11 A12 A13 A21 A22 A23 A31 A32 Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0
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Gmsh 2.8
A33 Tx Ty Tz
Default value: 1 Default value: 0 Default value: 0 Default value: 0
SwapOrientation Default value: 0 View Default value: -1 Plugin(Triangulate) Plugin(Triangulate) triangulates the points in the view View, assuming that all the points belong to a surface that can be projected one-to-one onto a plane. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. Plugin(Triangulate) creates one new view. Numeric options: View Default value: -1 Plugin(Warp) Plugin(Warp) transforms the elements in the view View by adding to their node coordinates the vector eld stored in the TimeStep-th time step of the view OtherView, scaled by Factor. If View < 0, the plugin is run on the current view. If OtherView < 0, the vector eld is taken as the eld of surface normals multiplied by the TimeStep value in View. (The smoothing of the surface normals is controlled by the SmoothingAngle parameter.) Plugin(Warp) is executed in-place. Numeric options: Factor TimeStep Default value: 1 Default value: 0
SmoothingAngle Default value: 180 View OtherView Default value: -1 Default value: -1
8.3 Post-processing options

General post-processing option names have the form PostProcessing.string . Options peculiar to post-processing views take two forms. 1. options that should apply to all views can be set through View.string , before any view is loaded ; 2. options that should apply only to the n-th view take the form View[n ].string (n = 0, 1, 2, . . . ), after the n-th view is loaded. The list of all post-processing and view options is given in Section B.5 [Post-processing options list], page 188. See Section A.8 [t8.geo], page 120, and Section A.9 [t9.geo], page 124, for some examples.
Chapter 9: File formats
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9 File formats
This chapter describes Gmshs native MSH le format, used to store meshes and associated post-processing datasets. The MSH format exists in two avors: ASCII and binary. The format has a version number (currently: 2.2) that is independent of Gmshs main version number. (Remember that for small post-processing datasets you can also use human-readable parsed post-processing views, as described in Section 8.1 [Post-processing commands], page 64. Such parsed views do not require an underlying mesh, and can therefore be easier to use in some cases.)
9.1 MSH ASCII le format

The MSH ASCII le format contains one mandatory section giving information about the le ($MeshFormat), followed by several optional sections dening the nodes ($Nodes), elements ($Elements), region names ($PhysicalName), periodicity relations ($Periodic) and postprocessing datasets ($NodeData, $ElementData, $ElementNodeData). When $Elements are given, $Nodes should also be provided, before the $Elements section. Currently only one $Nodes and one $Elements section are allowed per le. (This might/will change in the future.) Important note about eciency. Node and element tags can be "sparse", i.e., do not have to constitute a continuous list of indexes starting at 1. However, using non-continuous tags will lead to performance degradation. For meshes, non-continuous indexing forces Gmsh to use a map instead of a vector to access nodes and elements. The performance hit is on speed. For post-processing datasets, which always use vectors to access data, the performance hit is on memory. A NodeData with two nodes, tagged 1 and 1000000, will allocate a (mostly empty) vector of 1000000 elements. Any section with an unrecognized header is simply ignored: you can thus add comments in a .msh le by putting them e.g. inside a $Comments/$EndComments section. Sections can be repeated in the same le, and post-processing sections can be put into separate les (e.g. one le per time step). Nodes are assumed to be dened before elements. The format is dened as follows: $MeshFormat version-number file-type data-size $EndMeshFormat $Nodes number-of-nodes node-number x-coord y-coord z-coord ... $EndNodes $Elements number-of-elements elm-number elm-type number-of-tags < tag > ... node-number-list ... $EndElements $Periodic
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Gmsh 2.8
number-of-periodic-entities dimension slave-entity-tag master-entity-tag number-of-nodes slave-node-number master-node-number ... $EndPeriodic $PhysicalNames number-of-names physical-dimension physical-number "physical-name " ... $EndPhysicalNames $NodeData number-of-string-tags < "string-tag " > ... number-of-real-tags < real-tag > ... number-of-integer-tags < integer-tag > ... node-number value ... ... $EndNodeData $ElementData number-of-string-tags < "string-tag " > ... number-of-real-tags < real-tag > ... number-of-integer-tags < integer-tag > ... elm-number value ... ... $EndElementData $ElementNodeData number-of-string-tags < "string-tag " > ... number-of-real-tags < real-tag > ... number-of-integer-tags < integer-tag > ...
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elm-number number-of-nodes-per-element value ... ... $EndElementNodeData $InterpolationScheme "name " number-of-element-topologies elm-topology number-of-interpolation-matrices num-rows num-columns value ... ... $EndInterpolationScheme where version-number is a real number equal to 2.2 file-type is an integer equal to 0 in the ASCII le format. data-size is an integer equal to the size of the oating point numbers used in the le (currently only data-size = sizeof(double) is supported). number-of-nodes is the number of nodes in the mesh. node-number is the number (index) of the n-th node in the mesh; node-number must be a postive (non-zero) integer. Note that the node-number s do not necessarily have to form a dense nor an ordered sequence. x-coord y-coord z-coord are the oating point values giving the X, Y and Z coordinates of the n-th node. number-of-elements is the number of elements in the mesh. elm-number is the number (index) of the n-th element in the mesh; elm-number must be a postive (non-zero) integer. Note that the elm-number s do not necessarily have to form a dense nor an ordered sequence. elm-type denes the geometrical type of the n-th element: 1 2 3 4 5 6 2-node line. 3-node triangle. 4-node quadrangle. 4-node tetrahedron. 8-node hexahedron. 6-node prism.
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Gmsh 2.8
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
5-node pyramid. 3-node second order line (2 nodes associated with the vertices and 1 with the edge). 6-node second order triangle (3 nodes associated with the vertices and 3 with the edges). 9-node second order quadrangle (4 nodes associated with the vertices, 4 with the edges and 1 with the face). 10-node second order tetrahedron (4 nodes associated with the vertices and 6 with the edges). 27-node second order hexahedron (8 nodes associated with the vertices, 12 with the edges, 6 with the faces and 1 with the volume). 18-node second order prism (6 nodes associated with the vertices, 9 with the edges and 3 with the quadrangular faces). 14-node second order pyramid (5 nodes associated with the vertices, 8 with the edges and 1 with the quadrangular face). 1-node point. 8-node second order quadrangle (4 nodes associated with the vertices and 4 with the edges). 20-node second order hexahedron (8 nodes associated with the vertices and 12 with the edges). 15-node second order prism (6 nodes associated with the vertices and 9 with the edges). 13-node second order pyramid (5 nodes associated with the vertices and 8 with the edges). 9-node third order incomplete triangle (3 nodes associated with the vertices, 6 with the edges) 10-node third order triangle (3 nodes associated with the vertices, 6 with the edges, 1 with the face) 12-node fourth order incomplete triangle (3 nodes associated with the vertices, 9 with the edges) 15-node fourth order triangle (3 nodes associated with the vertices, 9 with the edges, 3 with the face) 15-node fth order incomplete triangle (3 nodes associated with the vertices, 12 with the edges) 21-node fth order complete triangle (3 nodes associated with the vertices, 12 with the edges, 6 with the face) 4-node third order edge (2 nodes associated with the vertices, 2 internal to the edge)
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27 28 29 30 31 92 93
5-node fourth order edge (2 nodes associated with the vertices, 3 internal to the edge) 6-node fth order edge (2 nodes associated with the vertices, 4 internal to the edge) 20-node third order tetrahedron (4 nodes associated with the vertices, 12 with the edges, 4 with the faces) 35-node fourth order tetrahedron (4 nodes associated with the vertices, 18 with the edges, 12 with the faces, 1 in the volume) 56-node fth order tetrahedron (4 nodes associated with the vertices, 24 with the edges, 24 with the faces, 4 in the volume) 64-node third order hexahedron (8 nodes associated with the vertices, 24 with the edges, 24 with the faces, 8 in the volume) 125-node fourth order hexahedron (8 nodes associated with the vertices, 36 with the edges, 54 with the faces, 27 in the volume)
See below for the ordering of the nodes. number-of-tags gives the number of integer tags that follow for the n-th element. By default, the rst tag is the number of the physical entity to which the element belongs; the second is the number of the elementary geometrical entity to which the element belongs; the third is the number of mesh partitions to which the element belongs, followed by the partition ids (negative partition ids indicate ghost cells). A zero tag is equivalent to no tag. Gmsh and most codes using the MSH 2 format require at least the rst two tags (physical and elementary tags). node-number-list is the list of the node numbers of the n-th element. The ordering of the nodes is given in Section 9.3 [Node ordering], page 96. number-of-string-tags gives the number of string tags that follow. By default the rst string-tag is interpreted as the name of the post-processing view and the second as the name of the interpolation scheme. The interpolation scheme is provided in the $InterpolationScheme section (see below). number-of-real-tags gives the number of real number tags that follow. By default the rst real-tag is interpreted as a time value associated with the dataset. number-of-integer-tags gives the number of integer tags that follow. By default the rst integer-tag is interpreted as a time step index (starting at 0), the second as the number of eld components of the data in the view (1, 3 or 9), the third as the number of entities (nodes or elements) in the view, and the fourth as the partition index for the view data (0 for no partition). number-of-nodes-per-elements gives the number of node values for an element in an element-based view.
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Gmsh 2.8
value
is a real number giving the value associated with a node or an element. For NodeData (respectively ElementData) views, there are ncomp values per node (resp. per element), where ncomp is the number of eld components. For ElementNodeData views, there are ncomp times number-of-nodes-per-elements values per element.
number-of-element-topologies is the number of element topologies for which interpolation matrices are provided elm-topology is the id tag of a given element topology: 1 for points, 2 for lines, 3 for triangles, 4 for quadrangles, 5 for tetrahedra, 6 for pyramids, 7 for prisms, 8 for hexahedra, 9 for polygons and 10 for polyhedra. number-of-interpolation-matrices is the number of interpolation matrices provided for this element topology. Currently you should provide 2 matrices, i.e., the matrices that specify how to interpolate the data (they have the same meaning as in Section 8.1 [Postprocessing commands], page 64). The matrices are specied by 2 integers (numrows and num-columns ) followed by the values. Below is a small example (a mesh consisting of two quadrangles with an associated nodal scalar dataset; the comments are not part of the actual le!):
$MeshFormat 2.2 0 8 $EndMeshFormat $Nodes 6 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1.0 0.0 0.0 3 1.0 1.0 0.0 4 0.0 1.0 0.0 5 2.0 0.0 0.0 6 2.0 1.0 0.0 $EndNodes $Elements 2 1 3 2 99 2 1 2 3 4 2 3 2 99 2 2 5 6 3 $EndElements $NodeData 1 "A scalar view" 1 0.0 3 0 1 6 1 0.0 2 0.1 3 0.2 4 0.0 5 0.2
six mesh nodes: node #1: coordinates (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) node #2: coordinates (1.0, 0.0, 0.0) etc.
two elements: quad #1: type 3, physical 99, elementary 2, nodes 1 2 3 4 quad #2: type 3, physical 99, elementary 2, nodes 2 5 6 3
one string tag: the name of the view ("A scalar view") one real tag: the time value (0.0) three integer tags: the time step (0; time steps always start at 0) 1-component (scalar) field six associated nodal values value associated with node #1 (0.0) value associated with node #2 (0.1) etc.
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6 0.4 $EndNodeData
9.2 MSH binary le format

The binary le format is similar to the ASCII format described above: $MeshFormat version-number file-type data-size one-binary $EndMeshFormat $Nodes number-of-nodes nodes-binary $EndNodes $Elements number-of-elements element-header-binary elements-binary element-header-binary elements-binary ... $EndElements [ all other sections are identical to ASCII, except that node-number, elm-number, number-of-nodes-per-element and values are written in binary format ] where version-number is a real number equal to 2.2. file-type is an integer equal to 1. data-size has the same meaning as in the ASCII le format. Currently only data-size = sizeof(double) is supported. one-binary is an integer of value 1 written in binary form. This integer is used for detecting if the computer on which the binary le was written and the computer on which the le is read are of the same type (little or big endian). Here is a pseudo C code to write one-binary : int one = 1; fwrite(&one, sizeof(int), 1, file); number-of-nodes has the same meaning as in the ASCII le format.
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Gmsh 2.8
nodes-binary is the list of nodes in binary form, i.e., a array of number-of-nodes * (4 + 3 * data-size ) bytes. For each node, the rst 4 bytes contain the node number and the next (3 * data-size ) bytes contain the three oating point coordinates. Here is a pseudo C code to write nodes-binary : for(i = 0; i < number_of_nodes; i++){ fwrite(&num_i, sizeof(int), 1, file); double xyz[3] = {node_i_x, node_i_y, node_i_z}; fwrite(&xyz, sizeof(double), 3, file); } number-of-elements has the same meaning as in the ASCII le format. element-header-binary is a list of 3 integers in binary form, i.e., an array of (3 * 4) bytes: the rst four bytes contain the type of the elements that follow (same as elm-type in the ASCII format), the next four contain the number of elements that follow, and the last four contain the number of tags per element (same as number-of-tags in the ASCII format). Here is a pseudo C code to write element-header-binary : int header[3] = {elm_type, num_elm_follow, num_tags}; fwrite(&header, sizeof(int), 2, file); elements-binary is a list of elements in binary form, i.e., an array of number of elements that follow * (4 + number-of-tags * 4 + #node-number-list * 4) bytes. For each element, the rst four bytes contain the element number, the next (number-oftags * 4) contain the tags, and the last (#node-number-list * 4) contain the node indices. Here is a pseudo C code to write elements-binary for triangles with the 2 standard tags (the physical and elementary regions): for(i = 0; i < number_of_triangles; i++){ int data[6] = {num_i, physical, elementary, node_i_1, node_i_2, node_i_3}; fwrite(data, sizeof(int), 6, file); }
9.3 Node ordering

Historically, Gmsh developers have started by implementing linear elements (lines, triangles, quads, tets, prisms and hexes). Then, second and sometimes third order elements have been hardcoded. We here distinguish low order elements that have been hardcoded initially and high order elements that have been coded in a general fashion, theoretically valid for any order.
9.3.1 Low order elements

For all mesh and post-processing le formats, the reference elements are dened as follows.
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Line: 0----------1 --> u
Line3: 0-----2----1
Line4: 0----2----3----1
Triangle: v ^ | 2 |\ | \ | \ | \ | \ 0----------1 --> u
Triangle6:
Triangle9/10:
Triangle12/15:
2 |\ | \ 5 4 | \ | \ 0-----3----1
2 | \ 7 6 | \ 8 (9) 5 | \ 0---3---4---1
2 | \ 9 8 | \ 10 (14) 7 | \ 11 (12) (13) 6 | \ 0---3---4---5---1
Quadrangle: v ^ | 3-----------2 | | | | | | | +---- | --> u | | | | 0-----------1
Quadrangle8:
Quadrangle9:
3-----6-----2 | | | | 7 5 | | | | 0-----4-----1
3-----6-----2 | | | | 7 8 5 | | | | 0-----4-----1
Tetrahedron: v . ,/ / 2 ,/|\ ,/ | \ ,/ . \ ,/ | \ ,/ | \ 0-----------.--------1 --> u \. | ,/ \. | ,/ \. . ,/ \. |/ 3 \. w
Tetrahedron10:
2 ,/|\ ,/ | \ ,6 . 5 ,/ 8 \ ,/ | \ 0--------4--.--------1 \. | ,/ \. | ,9 7. . ,/ \. |/ 3
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Gmsh 2.8
Hexahedron: v 3----------2 |\ ^ |\ | \ | | \ | \ | | \ | 7------+---6 | | +-- |-- | -> u 0---+---\--1 | \ | \ \ | \ | \ \ | \| w \| 4----------5
Hexahedron20:
Hexahedron27:
3----13----2 |\ |\ | 15 | 14 9 \ 11 \ | 7----19+---6 | | | | 0---+-8----1 | \ 17 \ 18 10 | 12| \| \| 4----16----5
3----13----2 |\ |\ |15 24 | 14 9 \ 20 11 \ | 7----19+---6 |22 | 26 | 23| 0---+-8----1 | \ 17 25 \ 18 10 | 21 12| \| \| 4----16----5
Prism: w ^ | 3 ,/|\ ,/ | \ ,/ | \ 4------+------5 | | | | ,/|\ | | ,/ | \ | |,/ | \| ,| | |\ ,/ | 0 | \ u | ,/ \ | v | ,/ \ | |,/ \| 1-------------2
Prism15:
Prism18:
3 ,/|\ 12 | 13 ,/ | \ 4------14-----5 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | 10 | 11 | 0 | | ,/ \ | | ,6 7 | |,/ \| 1------9------2
3 ,/|\ 12 | 13 ,/ | \ 4------14-----5 | 8 | | ,/|\ | | 15 | 16 | |,/ | \| 10-----17-----11 | 0 | | ,/ \ | | ,6 7 | |,/ \| 1------9------2
Pyramid:
Pyramid13:
Pyramid14:
4 4 4 ,/|\ ,/|\ ,/|\ ,/ .|\ ,/ .|\ ,/ .|\ ,/ | | \ ,/ | | \ ,/ | | \ ,/ . | . ,/ . | . ,/ . | . ,/ | . \ ,7 | 12 \ ,7 | 12 \ ,/ . w | \ ,/ . | \ ,/ . | \ ,/ | ^ | \ ,/ 9 | 11 ,/ 9 | 11 0----------.--|-3 . 0--------6-.----3 . 0--------6-.----3 . \ | | \ \ \ | \ \ \ | \ \ \ . +----\ - \ -> v 5 . 10 \ 5 . 13 10 \ \ | \ \ \ \ | \ \ \ | \ \ \. \ \ \. \ \. \ 1----------------2 1--------8-------2 1--------8-------2 \ u
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9.3.2 High order elements

The node ordering of a higher order (possibly curved) element is compatible with the numbering of low order element (it is a generalization). We number nodes in the following order: the element principal or corner vertices; the internal nodes for each edge; the internal nodes for each face; the volume internal nodes. The numbering for internal nodes is recursive, ie. the numbering follows that of the nodes of an embedded edge/face/volume of lower order. The higher order nodes are assumed to be equispaced. Edges and faces are numbered following the lowest order template that generates a single high-order on this edge/face. Furthermore, an edge is oriented from the vertex with the lowest to the highest index. The orientation of a face is such that the computed normal points outward; the starting point is the vertex with the lowest index.
9.4 Legacy formats

This section describes Gmshs older native le formats. Future versions of Gmsh will continue to support these formats, but we recommend that you do not use them in new applications.
9.4.1 MSH le format version 1.0 (Legacy)

The MSH le format version 1.0 is Gmshs old native mesh le format, now superseded by the format described in Section 9.1 [MSH ASCII le format], page 89. It is dened as follows: $NOD number-of-nodes node-number x-coord y-coord z-coord ... $ENDNOD $ELM number-of-elements elm-number elm-type reg-phys reg-elem number-of-nodes node-number-list ... $ENDELM where number-of-nodes is the number of nodes in the mesh. node-number is the number (index) of the n-th node in the mesh; node-number must be a postive (non-zero) integer. Note that the node-number s do not necessarily have to form a dense nor an ordered sequence. x-coord y-coord z-coord are the oating point values giving the X, Y and Z coordinates of the n-th node.
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number-of-elements is the number of elements in the mesh. elm-number is the number (index) of the n-th element in the mesh; elm-number must be a postive (non-zero) integer. Note that the elm-number s do not necessarily have to form a dense nor an ordered sequence. elm-type denes the geometrical type of the n-th element: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2-node line. 3-node triangle. 4-node quadrangle. 4-node tetrahedron. 8-node hexahedron. 6-node prism. 5-node pyramid. 3-node second order line (2 nodes associated with the vertices and 1 with the edge). 6-node second order triangle (3 nodes associated with the vertices and 3 with the edges). 9-node second order quadrangle (4 nodes associated with the vertices, 4 with the edges and 1 with the face). 10-node second order tetrahedron (4 nodes associated with the vertices and 6 with the edges). 27-node second order hexahedron (8 nodes associated with the vertices, 12 with the edges, 6 with the faces and 1 with the volume). 18-node second order prism (6 nodes associated with the vertices, 9 with the edges and 3 with the quadrangular faces). 14-node second order pyramid (5 nodes associated with the vertices, 8 with the edges and 1 with the quadrangular face). 1-node point. 8-node second order quadrangle (4 nodes associated with the vertices and 4 with the edges). 20-node second order hexahedron (8 nodes associated with the vertices and 12 with the edges). 15-node second order prism (6 nodes associated with the vertices and 9 with the edges). 13-node second order pyramid (5 nodes associated with the vertices and 8 with the edges).
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See below for the ordering of the nodes. reg-phys is the number of the physical entity to which the element belongs; reg-phys must be a postive integer, or zero. If reg-phys is equal to zero, the element is considered not to belong to any physical entity. is the number of the elementary entity to which the element belongs; reg-elem must be a postive (non-zero) integer.
reg-elem
number-of-nodes is the number of nodes for the n-th element. This is redundant, but kept for backward compatibility. node-number-list is the list of the number-of-nodes node numbers of the n-th element. The ordering of the nodes is given in Section 9.3 [Node ordering], page 96.
9.4.2 POS ASCII le format (Legacy)

The POS ASCII le is Gmshs old native post-processing format, now superseded by the format described in Section 9.1 [MSH ASCII le format], page 89. It is dened as follows: $PostFormat 1.4 file-type data-size $EndPostFormat $View view-name nb-time-steps nb-scalar-points nb-vector-points nb-tensor-points nb-scalar-lines nb-vector-lines nb-tensor-lines nb-scalar-triangles nb-vector-triangles nb-tensor-triangles nb-scalar-quadrangles nb-vector-quadrangles nb-tensor-quadrangles nb-scalar-tetrahedra nb-vector-tetrahedra nb-tensor-tetrahedra nb-scalar-hexahedra nb-vector-hexahedra nb-tensor-hexahedra nb-scalar-prisms nb-vector-prisms nb-tensor-prisms nb-scalar-pyramids nb-vector-pyramids nb-tensor-pyramids nb-scalar-lines2 nb-vector-lines2 nb-tensor-lines2 nb-scalar-triangles2 nb-vector-triangles2 nb-tensor-triangles2 nb-scalar-quadrangles2 nb-vector-quadrangles2 nb-tensor-quadrangles2 nb-scalar-tetrahedra2 nb-vector-tetrahedra2 nb-tensor-tetrahedra2 nb-scalar-hexahedra2 nb-vector-hexahedra2 nb-tensor-hexahedra2 nb-scalar-prisms2 nb-vector-prisms2 nb-tensor-prisms2 nb-scalar-pyramids2 nb-vector-pyramids2 nb-tensor-pyramids2 nb-text2d nb-text2d-chars nb-text3d nb-text3d-chars time-step-values < scalar-point-value > ... < vector-point-value > ... < tensor-point-value > ... < scalar-line-value > ... < vector-line-value > ... < tensor-line-value > ... < scalar-triangle-value > ... < vector-triangle-value > ... < tensor-triangle-value > ... < scalar-quadrangle-value > ... < vector-quadrangle-value > ...
102
Gmsh 2.8
< tensor-quadrangle-value > ... < scalar-tetrahedron-value > ... < vector-tetrahedron-value > ... < tensor-tetrahedron-value > ... < scalar-hexahedron-value > ... < vector-hexahedron-value > ... < tensor-hexahedron-value > ... < scalar-prism-value > ... < vector-prism-value > ... < tensor-prism-value > ... < scalar-pyramid-value > ... < vector-pyramid-value > ... < tensor-pyramid-value > ... < scalar-line2-value > ... < vector-line2-value > ... < tensor-line2-value > ... < scalar-triangle2-value > ... < vector-triangle2-value > ... < tensor-triangle2-value > ... < scalar-quadrangle2-value > ... < vector-quadrangle2-value > ... < tensor-quadrangle2-value > ... < scalar-tetrahedron2-value > ... < vector-tetrahedron2-value > ... < tensor-tetrahedron2-value > ... < scalar-hexahedron2-value > ... < vector-hexahedron2-value > ... < tensor-hexahedron2-value > ... < scalar-prism2-value > ... < vector-prism2-value > ... < tensor-prism2-value > ... < scalar-pyramid2-value > ... < vector-pyramid2-value > ... < tensor-pyramid2-value > ... < text2d > ... < text2d-chars > ... < text3d > ... < text3d-chars > ... $EndView where file-type is an integer equal to 0 in the ASCII le format. data-size is an integer equal to the size of the oating point numbers used in the le (usually, data-size = sizeof(double)). view-name is a string containing the name of the view (max. 256 characters). nb-time-steps is an integer giving the number of time steps in the view. nb-scalar-points nb-vector-points ... are integers giving the number of scalar points, vector points, . . . , in the view. nb-text2d nb-text3d are integers giving the number of 2D and 3D text strings in the view.
103
nb-text2d-chars nb-text3d-chars are integers giving the total number of characters in the 2D and 3D strings. time-step-values is a list of nb-time-steps double precision numbers giving the value of the time (or any other variable) for which an evolution was saved. scalar-point-value vector-point-value ... are lists of double precision numbers giving the node coordinates and the values associated with the nodes of the nb-scalar-points scalar points, nb-vector-points vector points, . . . , for each of the time-step-values. For example, vector-triangle-value is dened as: coord1-node1 coord1-node2 coord1-node3 coord2-node1 coord2-node2 coord2-node3 coord3-node1 coord3-node2 coord3-node3 comp1-node1-time1 comp2-node1-time1 comp3-node1-time1 comp1-node2-time1 comp2-node2-time1 comp3-node2-time1 comp1-node3-time1 comp2-node3-time1 comp3-node3-time1 comp1-node1-time2 comp2-node1-time2 comp3-node1-time2 comp1-node2-time2 comp2-node2-time2 comp3-node2-time2 comp1-node3-time2 comp2-node3-time2 comp3-node3-time2 ... The ordering of the nodes is given in Section 9.3 [Node ordering], page 96. text2d is a list of 4 double precision numbers: coord1 coord2 style index where coord1 and coord2 give the X-Y position of the 2D string in screen coordinates (measured from the top-left corner of the window) and where index gives the starting index of the string in text2d-chars. If coord1 (respectively coord2 ) is negative, the position is measured from the right (respectively bottom) edge of the window. If coord1 (respectively coord2 ) is larger than 99999, the string is centered horizontally (respectively vertically). If style is equal to zero, the text is aligned bottom-left and displayed using the default font and size. Otherwise, style is converted into an integer whose eight lower bits give the font size, whose eight next bits select the font (the index corresponds to the position in the font menu in the GUI), and whose eight next bits dene the text alignment (0=bottom-left, 1=bottom-center, 2=bottom-right, 3=top-left, 4=top-center, 5=top-right, 6=center-left, 7=center-center, 8=center-right). text2d-chars is a list of nb-text2d-chars characters. Substrings are separated with the null \0 character. text3d is a list of 5 double precision numbers coord1 coord2 coord3 style index
104
Gmsh 2.8
where coord1, coord2 and coord3 give the XYZ coordinates of the string in model (real world) coordinates, index gives the starting index of the string in text3d-chars, and style has the same meaning as in text2d. text3d-chars is a list of nb-text3d-chars chars. Substrings are separated with the null \0 character.
9.4.3 POS binary le format (Legacy)

The POS binary le format is the same as the POS ASCII le format described in Section 9.4.2 [POS ASCII le format], page 101, except that: 1. le-type equals 1. 2. all lists of oating point numbers and characters are written in binary format 3. there is an additional integer, of value 1, written before time-step-values. This integer is used for detecting if the computer on which the binary le was written and the computer on which the le is read are of the same type (little or big endian). Here is a pseudo C code to write a post-processing le in binary format: int one = 1; fprintf(file, "$PostFormat\n"); fprintf(file, "%g %d %d\n", 1.4, 1, sizeof(double)); fprintf(file, "$EndPostFormat\n"); fprintf(file, "$View\n"); fprintf(file, "%s %d " "%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d " "%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d " "%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d " "%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d " "%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d " "%d %d %d %d\n", view-name, nb-time-steps, nb-scalar-points, nb-vector-points, nb-tensor-points, nb-scalar-lines, nb-vector-lines, nb-tensor-lines, nb-scalar-triangles, nb-vector-triangles, nb-tensor-triangles, nb-scalar-quadrangles, nb-vector-quadrangles, nb-tensor-quadrangles, nb-scalar-tetrahedra, nb-vector-tetrahedra, nb-tensor-tetrahedra, nb-scalar-hexahedra, nb-vector-hexahedra, nb-tensor-hexahedra, nb-scalar-prisms, nb-vector-prisms, nb-tensor-prisms, nb-scalar-pyramids, nb-vector-pyramids, nb-tensor-pyramids, nb-scalar-lines2, nb-vector-lines2, nb-tensor-lines2, nb-scalar-triangles2, nb-vector-triangles2, nb-tensor-triangles2, nb-scalar-quadrangles2, nb-vector-quadrangles2, nb-tensor-quadrangles2, nb-scalar-tetrahedra2, nb-vector-tetrahedra2, nb-tensor-tetrahedra2, nb-scalar-hexahedra2, nb-vector-hexahedra2, nb-tensor-hexahedra2, nb-scalar-prisms2, nb-vector-prisms2, nb-tensor-prisms2, nb-scalar-pyramids2, nb-vector-pyramids2, nb-tensor-pyramids2,
105
nb-text2d, nb-text2d-chars, nb-text3d, nb-text3d-chars); fwrite(&one, sizeof(int), 1, file); fwrite(time-step-values, sizeof(double), nb-time-steps, file); fwrite(all-scalar-point-values, sizeof(double), ..., file); ... fprintf(file, "\n$EndView\n"); In this pseudo-code, all-scalar-point-values is the array of double precision numbers containing all the scalar-point-value lists, put one after each other in order to form a long array of doubles. The principle is the same for all other kinds of values.
Appendix A: Tutorial
107
Appendix A Tutorial
The following examples introduce new features gradually, starting with t1.geo. The les corresponding to these examples are available in the tutorial directory of the Gmsh distribution. To learn how to run Gmsh on your computer, see Chapter 3 [Running Gmsh on your system], page 11. Screencasts that show how to use the GUI are available on http://geuz.org/gmsh/screencasts/.
A.1 t1.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 1 * * Variables, elementary entities (points, lines, surfaces), physical * entities (points, lines, surfaces) * *********************************************************************/ // The simplest construction in Gmshs scripting language is the // affectation. The following command defines a new variable lc: lc = 1e-2; // // // // This variable can then be used in the definition of Gmshs simplest elementary entity, a Point. A Point is defined by a list of four numbers: three coordinates (X, Y and Z), and a characteristic length (lc) that sets the target element size at the point:
Point(1) = {0, 0, 0, lc}; // // // // // // // // // The distribution of the mesh element sizes is then obtained by interpolation of these characteristic lengths throughout the geometry. Another method to specify characteristic lengths is to use a background mesh (see t7.geo and bgmesh.pos). We can then define some additional points as well as our first curve. Curves are Gmshs second type of elementery entities, and, amongst curves, straight lines are the simplest. A straight line is defined by a list of point numbers. In the commands below, for example, the line 1 starts at point 1 and ends at point 2:
Point(2) = {.1, 0, 0, lc} ; Point(3) = {.1, .3, 0, lc} ; Point(4) = {0, .3, 0, lc} ;
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Gmsh 2.8
Line(1) Line(2) Line(3) Line(4) // // // // //
= = = =
{1,2} {3,2} {3,4} {4,1}
; ; ; ;
The third elementary entity is the surface. In order to define a simple rectangular surface from the four lines defined above, a line loop has first to be defined. A line loop is a list of connected lines, a sign being associated with each line (depending on the orientation of the line):
Line Loop(5) = {4,1,-2,3} ; // We can then define the surface as a list of line loops (only one // here, since there are no holes--see t4.geo): Plane Surface(6) = {5} ; // // // // // // // // At this level, Gmsh knows everything to display the rectangular surface 6 and to mesh it. An optional step is needed if we want to associate specific region numbers to the various elements in the mesh (e.g. to the line segments discretizing lines 1 to 4 or to the triangles discretizing surface 6). This is achieved by the definition of physical entities. Physical entities will group elements belonging to several elementary entities by giving them a common number (a region number).
// We can for example group the points 1 and 2 into the physical // entity 1: Physical Point(1) = {1,2} ; // Consequently, two punctual elements will be saved in the output // mesh file, both with the region number 1. The mechanism is // identical for line or surface elements: MyLine = 99; Physical Line(MyLine) = {1,2,4} ; Physical Surface("My fancy surface label") = {6} ; // // // // // All the line elements created during the meshing of lines 1, 2 and 4 will be saved in the output mesh file with the region number 99; and all the triangular elements resulting from the discretization of surface 6 will be given an automatic region number (100, associated with the label "My fancy surface label").
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// Note that if no physical entities are defined, then all the // elements in the mesh will be saved "as is", with their default // orientation.
A.2 t2.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 2 * * Includes, geometrical transformations, extruded geometries, * elementary entities (volumes), physical entities (volumes) * *********************************************************************/ // We first include the previous tutorial file, in order to use it as // a basis for this one: Include "t1.geo"; // We can then add new points and lines in the same way as we did in // t1.geo: Point(5) = {0, .4, 0, lc}; Line(5) = {4, 5}; // But Gmsh also provides tools to tranform (translate, rotate, etc.) // elementary entities or copies of elementary entities. For example, // the point 3 can be moved by 0.05 units to the left with: Translate {-0.05, 0, 0} { Point{3}; } // The resulting point can also be duplicated and translated by 0.1 // along the y axis: Translate {0, 0.1, 0} { Duplicata{ Point{3}; } } // // // // // This command created a new point with an automatically assigned id. This id can be obtained using the graphical user interface by hovering the mouse over it and looking at the bottom of the graphic window: in this case, the new point has id "6". Point 6 can then be used to create new entities, e.g.:
Line(7) = {3, 6}; Line(8) = {6, 5}; Line Loop(10) = {5,-8,-7,3}; Plane Surface(11) = {10};
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Gmsh 2.8
// // // // // // //
Using the graphical user interface to obtain the ids of newly created entities can sometimes be cumbersome. It can then be advantageous to use the return value of the transformation commands directly. For example, the Translate command returns a list containing the ids of the translated entities. For example, we can translate copies of the two surfaces 6 and 11 to the right with the following command:
my_new_surfs[] = Translate {0.12, 0, 0} { Duplicata{ Surface{6, 11}; } }; // my_new_surfs[] (note the square brackets) denotes a list, which in // this case contains the ids of the two new surfaces (check // Tools->Message console to see the message): Printf("New surfaces %g and %g", my_new_surfs[0], my_new_surfs[1]); // In Gmsh lists use square brackets for their definition (mylist[] = // {1,2,3};) as well as to access their elements (myotherlist[] = // {mylist[0], mylist[2]};). Note that list indexing starts at 0. // // // // // Volumes are the fourth type of elementary entities in Gmsh. In the same way one defines line loops to build surfaces, one has to define surface loops (i.e. shells) to build volumes. The following volume does not have holes and thus consists of a single surface loop:
Point(100) = {0., 0.3, 0.13, lc}; Point(101) = {0.08, 0.3, 0.1, lc}; Point(102) = {0.08, 0.4, 0.1, lc}; Point(103) = {0., 0.4, 0.13, lc}; Line(110) Line(112) Line(114) Line(116) Line Line Line Line Line = = = = {4, 100}; {6, 102}; {103, 100}; {101, 102}; = = = = = {115, {111, {112, {114, {115, Line(111) Line(113) Line(115) Line(117) = = = = {3, 101}; {5, 103}; {100, 101}; {102, 103}; Plane Plane Plane Plane Plane Surface(119) Surface(121) Surface(123) Surface(125) Surface(127) = = = = = {118}; {120}; {122}; {124}; {126};
Loop(118) Loop(120) Loop(122) Loop(124) Loop(126)
-111, 3, 110}; 116, -112, -7}; 117, -113, -8}; -110, 5, 113}; 116, 117, 114};
Surface Loop(128) = {127, 119, 121, 123, 125, 11}; Volume(129) = {128}; // When a volume can be extruded from a surface, it is usually easier // to use the Extrude command directly instead of creating all the // points, lines and surfaces by hand. For example, the following
111
// command extrudes the surface 11 along the z axis and automatically // creates a new volume (as well as all the needed points, lines and // surfaces): Extrude {0, 0, 0.12} { Surface{my_new_surfs[1]}; } // The following command permits to manually assign a characteristic // length to some of the new points: Characteristic Length {103, 105, 109, 102, 28, 24, 6, 5} = lc * 3; // // // // // // // // // Note that, if the transformation tools are handy to create complex geometries, it is also sometimes useful to generate the flat geometry, with an explicit list of all elementary entities. This can be achieved by selecting the File->Save as->Gmsh unrolled geometry menu or by typing > gmsh t2.geo -0 on the command line.
// To save all the tetrahedra discretizing the volumes 129 and 130 // with a common region number, we finally define a physical // volume: Physical Volume (1) = {129,130};
A.3 t3.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 3 * * Extruded meshes, parameters, options * *********************************************************************/ // Again, we start by including the first tutorial: Include "t1.geo"; // // // // // // As in t2.geo, we plan to perform an extrusion along the z axis. But here, instead of only extruding the geometry, we also want to extrude the 2D mesh. This is done with the same Extrude command, but by specifying element Layers (2 layers in this case, the first one with 8 subdivisions and the second one with 2 subdivisions, both with a height of h/2):
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Gmsh 2.8
h = 0.1; Extrude {0,0,h} { Surface{6}; Layers{ {8,2}, {0.5,1} }; } // // // // // The extrusion can also be performed with a rotation instead of a translation, and the resulting mesh can be recombined into prisms (we use only one layer here, with 7 subdivisions). All rotations are specified by an axis direction ({0,1,0}), an axis point ({-0.1,0,0.1}) and a rotation angle (-Pi/2):
Extrude { {0,1,0} , {-0.1,0,0.1} , -Pi/2 } { Surface{122}; Layers{7}; Recombine; } // // // // // Note that a translation ({-2*h,0,0}) and a rotation ({1,0,0}, {0,0.15,0.25}, Pi/2) can also be combined. Here the angle is specified as a parameter, using the DefineConstant syntax. This parameter can be modified insteractively in the GUI, and can be exchanged with other codes using the ONELAB framework:
DefineConstant[ angle = {90, Min 0, Max 120, Step 1, Label "Twisting angle", Path "Parameters"} ]; out[] = Extrude { {-2*h,0,0}, {1,0,0} , {0,0.15,0.25} , angle * Pi / 180 } { Surface{144}; Layers{10}; Recombine; }; // // // // // In this last extrusion command we retrieved the volume number programatically by using the return value (a list) of the Extrude command. This list contains the "top" of the extruded surface (in out[0]), the newly created volume (in out[1]) and the ids of the lateral surfaces (in out[2], out[3], ...)
// We can then define a new physical volume to save all the tetrahedra // with a common region number (101): Physical Volume(101) = {1, 2, out[1]}; // // // // Let us now change some options... Since all interactive options are accessible in Gmshs scripting language, we can for example define a global characteristic length factor or redefine some colors directly in the input file:
Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFactor = 4;
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General.Color.Text = White; Geometry.Color.Points = Orange; Mesh.Color.Points = {255,0,0}; // // // // // // Note that all colors can be defined literally or numerically, i.e. Mesh.Color.Points = Red is equivalent to Mesh.Color.Points = {255,0,0}; and also note that, as with user-defined variables, the options can be used either as right or left hand sides, so that the following command will set the surface color to the same color as the points:
Geometry.Color.Surfaces = Geometry.Color.Points; // // // // // // You can use the Help->Current options menu to see the current values of all options. To save all the options in a file, use File->Save as->Gmsh options. To associate the current options with the current file use File->Save Options->For Current File. To save the current options for all future Gmsh sessions use File->Save Options->As default.
A.4 t4.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 4 * * Built-in functions, holes, strings, mesh color * *********************************************************************/ // As usual, we start by defining some variables: cm = 1e-02; e1 = 4.5 * cm; e2 = 6 * cm / 2; e3 = 5 * cm / 2; h1 = 5 * cm; h2 = 10 * cm; h3 = 5 * cm; h4 = 2 * cm; h5 = 4.5 * cm; R1 = 1 * cm; R2 = 1.5 * cm; r = 1 * cm; Lc1 = 0.01; Lc2 = 0.003; // We can use all the usual mathematical functions (note the // capitalized first letters), plus some useful functions like // Hypot(a, b) := Sqrt(a^2 + b^2): ccos = (-h5*R1 + e2 * Hypot(h5, Hypot(e2, R1))) / (h5^2 + e2^2); ssin = Sqrt(1 - ccos^2); // Then we define some points and some lines using these variables:
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Gmsh 2.8
Point(1) = Point(3) = Point(5) = Point(7) = Point(9) = Point(11)= Point(13)= Point(14)= Point(15)= Point(16)= Point(17)=
{-e1-e2, {-e3-r , {-e3 , { e3 , { e3+r , { e1+e2, { e2 ,
0 , h1 , h1+r , h1+h2, h1+r , h1 , 0 ,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
Lc1}; Lc2}; Lc2}; Lc1}; Lc2}; Lc1}; Lc1};
Point(2) = Point(4) = Point(6) = Point(8) = Point(10)= Point(12)=
{-e1-e2, {-e3-r , {-e3 , { e3 , { e3+r , { e1+e2,
h1 , h1+r , h1+h2, h1+r , h1 , 0 ,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
Lc1}; Lc2}; Lc1}; Lc2}; Lc2}; Lc1};
{ R1 / ssin, h5+R1*ccos, { 0 , h5 , {-R1 / ssin, h5+R1*ccos, {-e2 , 0.0 ,
0, 0, 0, 0,
Lc2}; Lc2}; Lc2}; Lc1};
Point(18)= {-R2 , h1+h3 , 0, Lc2}; Point(19)= {-R2 , h1+h3+h4, 0, Lc2}; Point(20)= { 0 , h1+h3+h4, 0, Lc2}; Point(21)= { R2 , h1+h3+h4, 0, Lc2}; Point(22)= { R2 , h1+h3 , 0, Lc2}; Point(23)= { 0 , h1+h3 , 0, Lc2}; Point(24)= { 0, h1+h3+h4+R2, 0, Lc2}; Point(25)= { 0, h1+h3-R2, Line(1) Line(2) // // // // = {1 , 17}; = {17, 16}; 0, Lc2};
Gmsh provides other curve primitives than stright lines: splines, B-splines, circle arcs, ellipse arcs, etc. Here we define a new circle arc, starting at point 14 and ending at point 16, with the circles center being the point 15:
Circle(3) = {14,15,16}; // Note that, in Gmsh, circle arcs should always be smaller than // Pi. We can then define additional lines and circles, as well as a // new surface: Line(4) = Line(7) = Line(10) = Line(13) = Circle(16) Circle(18) Line(20) = {14,13}; Line(5) = {13,12}; Line(6) = {11,10}; Circle(8) = {8,9,10}; Line(9) = {7,6}; Line(11) = {6,5}; Circle(12) {3,2}; Line(14) = {2,1}; Line(15) = = {21,20,24}; Circle(17) = {24,20,19}; = {18,23,25}; Circle(19) = {25,23,22}; {21,22}; {12,11}; {8,7}; = {3,4,5}; {18,19};
Line Loop(21) = {17,-15,18,19,-20,16}; Plane Surface(22) = {21}; // But we still need to define the exterior surface. Since this // surface has a hole, its definition now requires two lines loops:
115
Line Loop(23) = {11,-12,13,14,1,2,-3,4,5,6,7,-8,9,10}; Plane Surface(24) = {23,21}; // As a general rule, if a surface has N holes, it is defined by N+1 // line loops: the first loop defines the exterior boundary; the other // loops define the boundaries of the holes. // Finally, we can add some comments by embedding a post-processing // view containing some strings, and change the color of some mesh // entities: View "comments" { // Add a text string in window coordinates, 10 pixels from the left // and 10 pixels from the bottom: T2(10, -10, 0){ "Copyright (C) My Company" }; // Add another // left and 15 // concatenate T2(10, 15, 0){ text string in window coordinates, 10 pixels from the pixels from the top, using the StrCat() function to a string with the current date: StrCat("File created on ", Today) };
// Add a text string in model coordinates at (X,Y,Z) = (0, 0.11, 0): T3(0, 0.11, 0, 0){ "Hole" }; }; Color Color Color Color Grey50{ Surface{ 22 }; } Purple{ Surface{ 24 }; } Red{ Line{ 1:14 }; } Yellow{ Line{ 15:20 }; }
A.5 t5.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 5 * * Characteristic lengths, arrays of variables, functions, loops * *********************************************************************/ // We start by defining some target mesh sizes: lcar1 = .1; lcar2 = .0005; lcar3 = .055;
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Gmsh 2.8
// // // // // // // // // // // // // // // //
If we wanted to change these mesh sizes globally (without changing the above definitions), we could give a global scaling factor for all characteristic lengths on the command line with the -clscale option (or with Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFactor in an option file). For example, with: > gmsh t5.geo -clscale 1 this input file produces a mesh of approximately 1,300 nodes and 11,000 tetrahedra. With > gmsh t5.geo -clscale 0.2 the mesh counts approximately 350,000 nodes and 2.1 million tetrahedra. You can check mesh statistics in the graphical user interface with the Tools->Statistics menu.
// We proceed by defining some elementary entities describing a // truncated cube: Point(1) = {0.5,0.5,0.5,lcar2}; Point(3) = {0,0.5,0.5,lcar1}; Point(5) = {0.5,0,0.5,lcar1}; Point(7) = {0,0.5,0,lcar1}; Point(9) = {1,1,0,lcar1}; Point(11) = {0,1,1,lcar1}; Point(13) = {1,0,1,lcar1}; Line(1) = {8,9}; Line(4) = {11,8}; Line(7) = {13,12}; Line(10) = {10,4}; Line(13) = {6,2}; Line(16) = {3,7}; Line(19) = {5,1}; Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Loop(22) Loop(24) Loop(26) Loop(28) Loop(30) Loop(32) Loop(34) Loop(36) Loop(38) = = = = = = = = = Point(2) = {0.5,0.5,0,lcar1}; Point(4) = {0,0,0.5,lcar1}; Point(6) = {0.5,0,0,lcar1}; Point(8) = {0,1,0,lcar1}; Point(10) = {0,0,1,lcar1}; Point(12) = {1,1,1,lcar1}; Point(14) = {1,0,0,lcar1}; Line(3) = {12,11}; Line(6) = {14,13}; Line(9) = {10,13}; Line(12) = {5,6}; Line(15) = {1,3}; Line(18) = {3,4}; Line(21) = {6,14}; {22}; {24}; {26}; {28}; {30}; {32}; {34}; = {36}; {38};
Line(2) = {9,12}; Line(5) = {9,14}; Line(8) = {11,10}; Line(11) = {4,5}; Line(14) = {2,1}; Line(17) = {7,2}; Line(20) = {7,8};
{-11,-19,-15,-18}; Plane Surface(23) = {16,17,14,15}; Plane Surface(25) = {-17,20,1,5,-21,13}; Plane Surface(27) = {-4,-1,-2,-3}; Plane Surface(29) = {-7,2,-5,-6}; Plane Surface(31) = {6,-9,10,11,12,21}; Plane Surface(33) = {7,3,8,9}; Plane Surface(35) = {-10,18,-16,-20,4,-8}; Plane Surface(37) {-14,-13,-12,19}; Plane Surface(39) =
// Instead of using included files, we now use a user-defined function
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// in order to carve some holes in the cube: Function CheeseHole // // // // // // // p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 In the following commands we use the reserved variable name newp, which automatically selects a new point number. This number is chosen as the highest current point number, plus one. (Note that, analogously to newp, the variables newc, news, newv and newreg select the highest number amongst currently defined curves, surfaces, volumes and any entities other than points, respectively.) = = = = = = = newp; newp; newp; newp; newp; newp; newp; Point(p1) Point(p2) Point(p3) Point(p4) Point(p5) Point(p6) Point(p7) = = = = = = = {x, y, z, lcar3} {x+r,y, z, lcar3} {x, y+r,z, lcar3} {x, y, z+r,lcar3} {x-r,y, z, lcar3} {x, y-r,z, lcar3} {x, y, z-r,lcar3} ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
c1 = newreg; Circle(c1) = c3 = newreg; Circle(c3) = c5 = newreg; Circle(c5) = c7 = newreg; Circle(c7) = c9 = newreg; Circle(c9) = c11 = newreg; Circle(c11)
{p2,p1,p7}; c2 = newreg; Circle(c2) = {p7,p1,p5}; {p5,p1,p4}; c4 = newreg; Circle(c4) = {p4,p1,p2}; {p2,p1,p3}; c6 = newreg; Circle(c6) = {p3,p1,p5}; {p5,p1,p6}; c8 = newreg; Circle(c8) = {p6,p1,p2}; {p7,p1,p3}; c10 = newreg; Circle(c10) = {p3,p1,p4}; = {p4,p1,p6}; c12 = newreg; Circle(c12) = {p6,p1,p7};
// We need non-plane surfaces to define the spherical holes. Here we // use ruled surfaces, which can have 3 or 4 sides: l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 l8 = = = = = = = = newreg; newreg; newreg; newreg; newreg; newreg; newreg; newreg; Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Loop(l1) Loop(l2) Loop(l3) Loop(l4) Loop(l5) Loop(l6) Loop(l7) Loop(l8) = = = = = = = = {c5,c10,c4}; Ruled {c9,-c5,c1}; Ruled {c12,-c8,-c1}; Ruled {c8,-c4,c11}; Ruled {-c10,c6,c3}; Ruled {-c11,-c3,c7}; Ruled {-c2,-c7,-c12};Ruled {-c6,-c9,c2}; Ruled Surface(newreg) Surface(newreg) Surface(newreg) Surface(newreg) Surface(newreg) Surface(newreg) Surface(newreg) Surface(newreg) = = = = = = = = {l1}; {l2}; {l3}; {l4}; {l5}; {l6}; {l7}; {l8};
// We then store the surface loops identification numbers in a list // for later reference (we will need these to define the final // volume): theloops[t] = newreg ; Surface Loop(theloops[t]) = {l8+1,l5+1,l1+1,l2+1,l3+1,l7+1,l6+1,l4+1};
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Gmsh 2.8
thehole = newreg ; Volume(thehole) = theloops[t] ; Return // We can use a For loop to generate five holes in the cube: x = 0 ; y = 0.75 ; z = 0 ; r = 0.09 ; For t In {1:5} x += 0.166 ; z += 0.166 ; // We call the CheeseHole function: Call CheeseHole ; // We define a physical volume for each hole: Physical Volume (t) = thehole ; // // // // We also print some variables on the terminal (note that, since all variables are treated internally as floating point numbers, the format string should only contain valid floating point format specifiers like %g, %f, %e, etc.):
Printf("Hole %g (center = {%g,%g,%g}, radius = %g) has number %g!", t, x, y, z, r, thehole) ; EndFor // We can then define the surface loop for the exterior surface of the // cube: theloops[0] = newreg ; Surface Loop(theloops[0]) = {35,31,29,37,33,23,39,25,27} ; // // // // // The volume of the cube, without the 5 holes, is now defined by 6 surface loops: the first surface loop defines the exterior surface; the surface loops other than the first one define holes. (Again, to reference an array of variables, its identifier is followed by square brackets):
Volume(186) = {theloops[]} ;
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// We finally define a physical volume for the elements discretizing // the cube, without the holes (whose elements were already tagged // with numbers 1 to 5 in the For loop): Physical Volume (10) = 186 ;
A.6 t6.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 6 * * Transfinite meshes * *********************************************************************/ // Lets use the geometry from the first tutorial as a basis for this // one Include "t1.geo"; // Delete the left line and create replace it with 3 new ones Delete{ Surface{6}; Line{4}; } p1 = newp; Point(p1) = {-0.05, 0.05, 0, lc}; p2 = newp; Point(p2) = {-0.05, 0.1, 0, lc}; l1 = newl; Line(l1) = {1, p1}; l2 = newl; Line(l2) = {p1, p2}; l3 = newl; Line(l3) = {p2, 4}; // Create surface Line Loop(1) = {2, -1, l1, l2, l3, -3}; Plane Surface(1) = {1}; // Put 20 points with a refinement toward the extremities on curve 2 Transfinite Line{2} = 20 Using Bump 0.05; // Put 20 points total on combination of curves l1, l2 and l3 (beware // that the points p1 and p2 are shared by the curves, so we do not // create 6 + 6 + 10 = 22 points, but 20!) Transfinite Line{l1} = 6; Transfinite Line{l2} = 6; Transfinite Line{l3} = 10; // Put 30 points following a geometric progression on curve 1 // (reversed) and on curve 3 Transfinite Line{-1,3} = 30 Using Progression 1.2;
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Gmsh 2.8
// Define the Surface as transfinite, by specifying the four corners // of the transfinite interpolation Transfinite Surface{1} = {1,2,3,4}; // // // // // (Note that the list on the right hand side refers to points, not curves. When the surface has only 3 or 4 points on its boundary the list can be omitted. The way triangles are generated can be controlled by appending "Left", "Right" or "Alternate" after the list.)
// Recombine the triangles into quads Recombine Surface{1}; // Apply an elliptic smoother to the grid Mesh.Smoothing = 100; Physical Surface(1) = 1;
A.7 t7.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 7 * * Background mesh * *********************************************************************/ // Characteristic lengths can be specified very accuractely by // providing a background mesh, i.e., a post-processing view that // contains the target mesh sizes. // Merge the first tutorial Merge "t1.geo"; // Merge a post-processing view containing the target mesh sizes Merge "bgmesh.pos"; // Apply the view as the current background mesh Background Mesh View[0];
A.8 t8.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 8 *
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* Post-processing, scripting, animations, options * *********************************************************************/ // We first include t1.geo as well as some post-processing views: Include Include Include Include "t1.geo"; "view1.pos"; "view1.pos"; "view4.pos";
// We then set some general options: General.Trackball = 0; General.RotationX = 0; General.RotationY = 0; General.RotationZ = 0; General.Color.Background = White; General.Color.Foreground = Black; General.Color.Text = Black; General.Orthographic = 0; General.Axes = 0; General.SmallAxes = 0; // We also set some options for each post-processing view: v0 = PostProcessing.NbViews-4; v1 = v0+1; v2 = v0+2; v3 = v0+3; View[v0].IntervalsType = 2; View[v0].OffsetZ = 0.05; View[v0].RaiseZ = 0; View[v0].Light = 1; View[v0].ShowScale = 0; View[v0].SmoothNormals = 1; View[v1].IntervalsType = 1; View[v1].ColorTable = { Green, Blue }; View[v1].NbIso = 10; View[v1].ShowScale = 0; View[v2].Name = "Test..."; View[v2].Axes = 1; View[v2].Color.Axes = Black; View[v2].IntervalsType = 2; View[v2].Type = 2; View[v2].IntervalsType = 2; View[v2].AutoPosition = 0; View[v2].PositionX = 85; View[v2].PositionY = 50; View[v2].Width = 200;
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Gmsh 2.8
View[v2].Height = 130; View[v3].Visible = 0; // // // // We then loop from 1 to 3 with a step of 1. (To use a different step, just add a third argument in the list. For example, For num In {0.5:1.5:0.1} would increment num from 0.5 to 1.5 with a step of 0.1.)
t = 0; For num In {1:3} View[v0].TimeStep View[v1].TimeStep View[v2].TimeStep View[v3].TimeStep = = = = t; t; t; t;
t = (View[v0].TimeStep < View[v0].NbTimeStep-1) ? t+1 : 0; View[v0].RaiseZ += 0.01/View[v0].Max * t; If (num == 3) // We want to create 640x480 frames when num == 3: General.GraphicsWidth = General.MenuWidth + 640; General.GraphicsHeight = 480; EndIf frames = 50; // It is possible to nest loops: For num2 In {1:frames} General.RotationX += 10; General.RotationY = General.RotationX / 3; General.RotationZ += 0.1; Sleep 0.01; // sleep for 0.01 second Draw; // draw the scene (one could use DrawForceChanged instead to force the // reconstruction of the vertex arrays, e.g. if changing element // clipping) If (num == 3) // The Print command saves the graphical window; the Sprintf // function permits to create the file names on the fly: /* Print Sprintf("t8-%02g.gif", num2);
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Print Sprintf("t8-%02g.ppm", num2); Print Sprintf("t8-%02g.jpg", num2); */ EndIf EndFor If(num == 3) // Here we could make a system call to generate a movie. For example, // with whirlgif: /* System "whirlgif -minimize -loop -o t8.gif t8-*.gif"; */ // with mpeg_encode (create parameter file first, then run encoder): /* Printf("PATTERN I") > "t8.par"; Printf("BASE_FILE_FORMAT PPM") >> "t8.par"; Printf("GOP_SIZE 1") >> "t8.par"; Printf("SLICES_PER_FRAME 1") >> "t8.par"; Printf("PIXEL HALF") >> "t8.par"; Printf("RANGE 10") >> "t8.par"; Printf("PSEARCH_ALG EXHAUSTIVE") >> "t8.par"; Printf("BSEARCH_ALG CROSS2") >> "t8.par"; Printf("IQSCALE 1") >> "t8.par"; Printf("PQSCALE 1") >> "t8.par"; Printf("BQSCALE 25") >> "t8.par"; Printf("REFERENCE_FRAME DECODED") >> "t8.par"; Printf("OUTPUT t8.mpg") >> "t8.par"; Printf("INPUT_CONVERT *") >> "t8.par"; Printf("INPUT_DIR .") >> "t8.par"; Printf("INPUT") >> "t8.par"; tmp = Sprintf("t8-*.ppm [01-%02g]", frames); Printf(tmp) >> "t8.par"; Printf("END_INPUT") >> "t8.par"; System "mpeg_encode t8.par"; */ // with mencoder: /* System "mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf fps=5 -o t8.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vhq"; System "mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf fps=5 -o t8.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq"; */
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Gmsh 2.8
// with ffmpeg: /* System "ffmpeg -hq -r 5 -b 800 -vcodec mpeg1video -i t8-%02d.jpg t8.mpg" System "ffmpeg -hq -r 5 -b 800 -i t8-%02d.jpg t8.asf" */ EndIf EndFor
A.9 t9.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 9 * * Post-processing plugins (levelsets, sections, annotations) * *********************************************************************/ // // // // // // // // Plugins can be added to Gmsh in order to extend its capabilities. For example, post-processing plugins can modify a view, or create a new view based on previously loaded views. Several default plugins are statically linked with Gmsh, e.g. Isosurface, CutPlane, CutSphere, Skin, Transform or Smooth. Plugins can be controlled in the same way as other options: either from the graphical interface (right click on the view button, then Plugins), or from the command file.
// Let us for example include a three-dimensional scalar view: Include "view3.pos" ; // We then set some options for the Isosurface plugin (which // extracts an isosurface from a 3D scalar view), and run it: Plugin(Isosurface).Value = 0.67 ; // iso-value level Plugin(Isosurface).View = 0 ; // source view is View[0] Plugin(Isosurface).Run ; // run the plugin! // We also set some options for the CutPlane plugin (which computes // a section of a 3D view using the plane A*x+B*y+C*z+D=0), and then // run it: Plugin(CutPlane).A = 0 ; Plugin(CutPlane).B = 0.2 ; Plugin(CutPlane).C = 1 ;
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Plugin(CutPlane).D = 0 ; Plugin(CutPlane).View = 0 ; Plugin(CutPlane).Run ; // // // // Add a title (By convention, for window coordinates a value greater than 99999 represents the center. We could also use General.GraphicsWidth / 2, but that would only center the string for the current window size.):
Plugin(Annotate).Text = "A nice title" ; Plugin(Annotate).X = 1.e5; Plugin(Annotate).Y = 50 ; Plugin(Annotate).Font = "Times-BoldItalic" ; Plugin(Annotate).FontSize = 28 ; Plugin(Annotate).Align = "Center" ; Plugin(Annotate).View = 0 ; Plugin(Annotate).Run ; Plugin(Annotate).Text = "(and a small subtitle)" ; Plugin(Annotate).Y = 70 ; Plugin(Annotate).Font = "Times-Roman" ; Plugin(Annotate).FontSize = 12 ; Plugin(Annotate).Run ; // We finish by setting some options: View[0].Light = 1; View[0].IntervalsType View[0].NbIso = 6; View[0].SmoothNormals View[1].IntervalsType View[2].IntervalsType
= 1; = 1; = 2; = 2;
A.10 t10.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 10 * * General mesh size fields * *********************************************************************/ // In addition to specifying target mesh sizes at the points of the // geometry (see t1) or using a background mesh (see t7), you can use // general mesh size "Fields".
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Gmsh 2.8
// Lets create a simple rectangular geometry lc = .15; Point(1) = {0.0,0.0,0,lc}; Point(2) = {1,0.0,0,lc}; Point(3) = {1,1,0,lc}; Point(4) = {0,1,0,lc}; Point(5) = {0.2,.5,0,lc}; Line(1) = {3,2}; Line(2) = {2,1}; Line(3) = {1,4}; Line(4) = {4,3}; Line Loop(5) = {1,2,3,4}; Plane Surface(6) = {5}; // Say we would like to obtain mesh elements with size lc/30 near line // 1 and point 5, and size lc elsewhere. To achieve this, we can use // two fields: "Attractor", and "Threshold". We first define an // Attractor field (Field[1]) on points 5 and on line 1. This field // returns the distance to point 5 and to (100 equidistant points on) // line 1. Field[1] = Attractor; Field[1].NodesList = {5}; Field[1].NNodesByEdge = 100; Field[1].EdgesList = {1}; // We then define a Threshold field, which uses the return value of // the Attractor Field[1] in order to define a simple change in // element size around the attractors (i.e., around point 5 and line // 1) // // LcMax /-----------------// / // / // / // LcMin -o----------------/ // | | | // Attractor DistMin DistMax Field[2] = Threshold; Field[2].IField = 1; Field[2].LcMin = lc / 30; Field[2].LcMax = lc; Field[2].DistMin = 0.15; Field[2].DistMax = 0.5; // Say we want to modulate the mesh element sizes using a mathematical // function of the spatial coordinates. We can do this with the // MathEval field: Field[3] = MathEval; Field[3].F = "Cos(4*3.14*x) * Sin(4*3.14*y) / 10 + 0.101"; // We could also combine MathEval with values coming from other
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// fields. For example, lets define an Attractor around point 1 Field[4] = Attractor; Field[4].NodesList = {1}; // We can then create a MathEval field with a function that depends on // the return value of the Attractr Field[4], i.e., depending on the // distance to point 1 (here using a cubic law, with minumum element // size = lc / 100) Field[5] = MathEval; Field[5].F = Sprintf("F4^3 + %g", lc / 100); // We could also use a Box field to impose a step change in element // sizes inside a box Field[6] = Box; Field[6].VIn = lc / 15; Field[6].VOut = lc; Field[6].XMin = 0.3; Field[6].XMax = 0.6; Field[6].YMin = 0.3; Field[6].YMax = 0.6; // // // // Many other types of fields are available: see the reference manual for a complete list. You can also create fields directly in the graphical user interface by selecting Define->Fields in the Mesh module.
// Finally, lets use the minimum of all the fields as the background // mesh field Field[7] = Min; Field[7].FieldsList = {2, 3, 5, 6}; Background Field = 7; // Dont extend the elements sizes from the boundary inside the domain Mesh.CharacteristicLengthExtendFromBoundary = 0;
A.11 t11.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 11 * * Unstructured quadrangular meshes * *********************************************************************/ // We have seen in tutorials t3 and t6 that extruded and transfinite // meshes can be "recombined" into quads/prisms/hexahedra by using the
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Gmsh 2.8
// "Recombine" keyword. Unstructured meshes can be recombined in the // same way. Lets define a simple geometry with an analytical mesh // size field: Point(1) = {-1.25, -.5, 0}; Point(2) = {-1.25, 1.25, 0}; Point(3) = {1.25, -.5, 0}; Point(4) = {1.25, 1.25, 0}; Line(1) = {1, 2}; Line(2) = {2, 4}; Line(3) = {4, 3}; Line(4) = {3, 1}; Line Loop(4) = {1,2, 3, 4}; Plane Surface(100) = {4}; Field[1] = MathEval; Field[1].F = "0.01*(1.0+30.*(y-x*x)*(y-x*x) + (1-x)*(1-x))"; Background Field = 1; // To generate quadrangles instead of triangles, we can simply add Recombine Surface{100}; // If wed had several surfaces, we could have used Recombine Surface // "*";. Yet another way would be to specify the global option // "Mesh.RecombineAll = 1;". // // // // // // // // // // // // The default recombination algorithm is called "Blossom": it uses a minimum cost perfect matching algorithm to generate fully quadrilateral meshes from triangulations. More details about the algorithm can be found in the following paper: J.-F. Remacle, J. Lambrechts, B. Seny, E. Marchandise, A. Johnen and C. Geuzaine, "Blossom-Quad: a non-uniform quadrilateral mesh generator using a minimum cost perfect matching algorithm", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2011 (in press). For even better quadrilateral meshes, you can try the experimental "Delaunay for quads" (DelQuad) meshing algorithm: DelQuad is a triangulation algorithm that enables to create right triangles almost everywhere. Uncomment the following line to try DelQuad:
Mesh.Algorithm = 8; // DelQuad (experimental)
A.12 t12.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 12 * * Cross-patch meshing with compounds *
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*********************************************************************/ // // // // Compound geometrical entities can be defined to compute a new parametrization of groups of elementary geometrical entities. This parametrization can then be used for remeshing the compound as if it were a single CAD entity.
lc = 0.2; Point(1) Point(3) Point(5) Point(7) Point(9) = = = = = {0, 0, 0, lc}; {1, 1, 0.5, lc}; {0.3, 0.2, 0, lc}; {0, 0.02, 0.02, lc}; {1, 0.32, 0.02, lc}; Point(2) Point(4) Point(6) Point(8) = = = = {1, {0, {0, {1, 0, 0, lc}; 1, 0.4, lc}; 0.01, 0.01, lc}; 0.05, 0.02, lc};
Line(1) = {1, 2}; Line(2) = {2, 8}; Line(3) = {8, 9}; Line(4) = {9, 3}; Line(5) = {3, 4}; Line(6) = {4, 7}; Line(7) = {7, 6}; Line(8) = {6, 1}; Spline(9) = {7, 5, 9}; Line(10) = {6, 8}; Line Loop(11) = {5, 6, 9, 4}; Ruled Surface(12) = {11}; Line Loop(13) = {9, -3, -10, -7}; Ruled Surface(14) = {13}; Line Loop(15) = {10, -2, -1, -8}; Ruled Surface(16) = {15}; // Treat lines 2, 3 and 4 as a single line Compound Line(100) = {2, 3, 4}; // Idem with lines 6, 7 and 8 Compound Line(101) = {6, 7, 8}; // Treat surfaces 12, 14 and 16 as a single surface Compound Surface(200) = {12, 14, 16}; // Hide the original surfaces so we only see the compound // (cross-patch) mesh //Hide {Surface{12, 14, 16}; } // // // // // // // // // // // More details about the reparametrization technique can be found in the following papers: * J.-F. Remacle, C. Geuzaine, G. Compre and E. Marchandise, "High-Quality Surface Remeshing Using Harmonic Maps", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 83 (4), pp. 403-425, 2010. * E. Marchandise, G. Compre, M. Willemet, G. Bricteux, C. Geuzaine and J-F Remacle, "Quality meshing based on STL triangulations for biomedical simulations", International Journal for Numerical
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Gmsh 2.8
// Methods in Biomedical Engineering", 26 (7), pp. 876-889, 2010. // // * E. Marchandise, C. Carton de Wiart, W. G. Vos, C. Geuzaine and // J.-F. Remacle, "High Quality Surface Remeshing Using Harmonic // Maps. Part II: Surfaces with High Genus and of Large Aspect // Ratio", International Journal for Numerical Methods in // Engineering, 86 (11), pp. 1303-1321, 2011.
A.13 t13.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 13 * * Remeshing STL with compounds * *********************************************************************/ // Since compound geometrical compute a new parametrization, one can // also use them to remesh STL files, even if in this case theres // usually only a single elementary geometrical entity per compound. // Lets merge the mesh that we would like to remesh. This mesh was // reclassified ("colored") from an initial STL triangulation using // the "Reclassify 2D" tool in Gmsh, so that we could split it along // sharp geometrical features. Merge "t13_data.msh"; // Since the original mesh is a bit coarse, we refine it once RefineMesh; // Create the topology of the discrete model CreateTopology; // We can now define a compound line (resp. surface) for each discrete // line (resp. surface) in the model ll[] = Line "*"; For j In {0 : #ll[]-1} Compound Line(newl) = ll[j]; EndFor ss[] = Surface "*"; s = news; For i In {0 : #ss[]-1} Compound Surface(s+i) = ss[i]; EndFor // And we can create the volume based on the new compound entities
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Surface Loop(1) = {s : s + #ss[]-1}; Volume(1) = {1}; Physical Surface(1) = {s : s + #ss[]-1}; Physical Volume(1) = 1; // Apply a Field[1] = Field[1].F Background funny mesh size field, just because we can :-) MathEval; = "2*Sin((x+y)/5) + 3"; Field = 1;
Mesh.RemeshAlgorithm = 1; // (0) no split (1) automatic (2) automatic only with metis Mesh.RemeshParametrization = 7; // (0) harmonic (1) conformal spectral (7) conformal finite Geometry.HideCompounds = 0; // dont hide the compound entities
A.14 t14.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 14 * * Homology and cohomology computation * *********************************************************************/ // // // // Homology computation in Gmsh finds representative chains of (relative) (co)homology space bases using a mesh of a model. The representative basis chains are stored in the mesh as physical groups of Gmsh, one for each chain.
// Create an example geometry m = 0.5; // mesh characteristic length h = 2; // height in the z-direction Point(1) Point(3) Point(5) Point(7) = = = = {0, 0, 0, m}; {10, 10, 0, m}; {4, 4, 0, m}; {6, 6, 0, m}; Point(2) Point(4) Point(6) Point(8) = = = = {10, 0, 0, m}; {0, 10, 0, m}; {6, 4, 0, m}; {4, 6, 0, m};
Point(9) = {2, 0, 0, m}; Point(10) = {8, 0, 0, m}; Point(11) = {2, 10, 0, m}; Point(12) = {8, 10, 0, m}; Line(1) = {1, 9}; Line(4) = {2, 3}; Line(7) = {11, 4}; Line(10) = {6, 7}; Line(2) = {9, 10}; Line(5) = {3, 12}; Line(8) = {4, 1}; Line(11) = {7, 8}; Line(3) = {10, 2}; Line(6) = {12, 11}; Line(9) = {5, 6}; Line(12) = {8, 5};
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Line Loop(13) = {6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; Line Loop(14) = {11, 12, 9, 10}; Plane Surface(15) = {13, 14}; Extrude {0, 0, h}{ Surface{15}; } // Create physical groups, which are used to define the domain of the // (co)homology computation and the subdomain of the relative (co)homology // computation. // Whole domain Physical Volume(1) = {1}; // Four "terminals" of Physical Surface(70) = Physical Surface(71) = Physical Surface(72) = Physical Surface(73) = the model {36}; {44}; {52}; {60};
// Whole domain surface bnd[] = Boundary{ Volume{1}; }; Physical Surface(80) = bnd[]; // Complement of the domain surface respect to the four terminals bnd[] -= {36, 44, 52, 60}; Physical Surface(75) = bnd[]; // Find bases for relative homology spaces of // the domain modulo the four terminals. Homology {{1}, {70, 71, 72, 73}}; // Find homology space bases isomorphic to the previous bases: // homology spaces modulo the non-terminal domain surface, // a.k.a the thin cuts. Homology {{1}, {75}}; // Find cohomology space bases isomorphic to the previous bases: // cohomology spaces of the domain modulo the four terminals, // a.k.a the thick cuts. Cohomology {{1}, {70, 71, 72, 73}}; // More examples: // Homology {1}; // Homology; // Homology {{1}, {80}}; // Homology {{}, {80}};
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A.15 t15.geo
/********************************************************************* * * Gmsh tutorial 15 * * Embedded points, lines and surfaces * *********************************************************************/ // We start one again by including the first tutorial: Include "t1.geo"; // We define a new point Point(5) = {0.02, 0.02, 0, lc/10}; // One can force this point to be included ("embedded") in the 2D mesh, using // the "Point In Surface" command: Point{5} In Surface{6}; // In the same way, one can force a curve to be embedded in the 2D mesh using // the "Line in Surface" command: Point(6) = {0.02, 0.12, 0, lc/5}; Point(7) = {0.04, 0.18, 0, lc/5}; Line(5) = {6, 7}; Line{5} In Surface{6}; // Finally, one can also embed a surface in a volume using the "Surface In // Volume" command: Extrude {0, 0, 0.1}{ Surface {6}; } p = newp; Point(p) = {0.02, 0.12, 0.05, lc/5}; Point(p+1) = {0.04, 0.12, 0.05, lc/5}; Point(p+2) = {0.04, 0.18, 0.05, lc/5}; Point(p+3) = {0.02, 0.18, 0.05, lc/5}; l = newl; Line(l) = {p, p+1}; Line(l+1) = {p+1, p+2}; Line(l+2) = {p+2, p+3}; Line(l+3) = {p+3, p}; ll = newll; Line Loop(ll) = {l:l+3}; s = news; Plane Surface(s) = {ll};
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Surface{s} In Volume{1};
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Appendix B Options
This appendix lists all the available options. Gmshs default behavior is to save some of these options in a per-user session resource le (cf. Saved in: General.SessionFileName in the lists below) every time Gmsh is shut down. This permits for example to automatically remember the size and location of the windows or which fonts to use. A second set of options can be saved (automatically or manually with the File->Save Options->As Default menu) in a per-user option le (cf. Saved in: General.OptionsFileName in the lists below), automatically loaded by Gmsh every time it starts up. Finally, other options are only saved to disk manually, either by explicitely saving an option le with File->Save As, or when saving per-model options with File->Save Options->For Current File (cf. Saved in: - in the lists below). To reset all options to their default values, use the Restore default options button in Tools->Options->General->Advanced, or erase the General.SessionFileName and General.OptionsFileName les by hand.
B.1 General options list

General.AxesFormatX Number format for X-axis (in standard C form) Default value: "%.3g" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesFormatY Number format for Y-axis (in standard C form) Default value: "%.3g" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesFormatZ Number format for Z-axis (in standard C form) Default value: "%.3g" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesLabelX X-axis label Default value: "" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesLabelY Y-axis label Default value: "" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesLabelZ Z-axis label Default value: "" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.BackgroundImageFileName Background image le in JPEG or PNG format Default value: "" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.DefaultFileName Default project le name Default value: "untitled.geo" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Display X server to use (only for Unix versions) Default value: "" Saved in: General.ErrorFileName File into which the log is saved if a fatal error occurs Default value: ".gmsh-errors" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.FileName Current project le name (read-only) Default value: "" Saved in: General.FltkTheme FLTK user interface theme (try e.g. plastic or gtk+) Default value: "" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.GraphicsFont Font used in the graphic window Default value: "Helvetica" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.GraphicsFontEngine Set graphics font engine (Native, Cairo) Default value: "Native" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.GraphicsFontTitle Font used in the graphic window for titles Default value: "Helvetica" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.OptionsFileName Option le created with Tools->Options->Save; automatically read on startup Default value: ".gmsh-options" Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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General.RecentFile0 Most recent opened le Default value: "untitled.geo" Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.RecentFile1 2nd most recent opened le Default value: "untitled.geo" Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.RecentFile2 3rd most recent opened le Default value: "untitled.geo" Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.RecentFile3 4th most recent opened le Default value: "untitled.geo" Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.RecentFile4 5th most recent opened le Default value: "untitled.geo" Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.SessionFileName Option le into which session specic information is saved; automatically read on startup Default value: ".gmshrc" Saved in: General.TextEditor System command to launch a text editor Default value: "open -t %s" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.TmpFileName Temporary le used by the geometry module Default value: ".gmsh-tmp" Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.WatchFilePattern Pattern of les to merge as they become available Default value: "" Saved in: General.AlphaBlending Enable alpha blending (transparency) in post-processing views Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.Antialiasing Use multisample antialiasing (will slow down rendering) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ArrowHeadRadius Relative radius of arrow head Default value: 0.12 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ArrowStemLength Relative length of arrow stem Default value: 0.56 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ArrowStemRadius Relative radius of arrow stem Default value: 0.02 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Axes Axes (0=none, 1=simple axes, 2=box, 3=full grid, 4=open grid, 5=ruler) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesMikado Mikado axes style Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesAutoPosition Position the axes automatically Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesForceValue Force values on axes (otherwise use natural coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesMaxX Maximum X-axis coordinate Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesMaxY Maximum Y-axis coordinate Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.AxesMaxZ Maximum Z-axis coordinate Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesMinX Minimum X-axis coordinate Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesMinY Minimum Y-axis coordinate Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesMinZ Minimum Z-axis coordinate Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesTicsX Number of tics on the X-axis Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesTicsY Number of tics on the Y-axis Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesTicsZ Number of tics on the Z-axis Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesValueMaxX Maximum X-axis forced value Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesValueMaxY Maximum Y-axis forced value Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesValueMaxZ Maximum Z-axis forced value Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.AxesValueMinX Minimum X-axis forced value Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesValueMinY Minimum Y-axis forced value Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.AxesValueMinZ Minimum Z-axis forced value Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.BackgroundGradient Draw background gradient (0=none, 1=vertical, 2=horizontal, 3=radial) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.BackgroundImagePositionX X position (in pixels) of background image (< 0: measure from right edge; >= 1e5: centered) Default value: 100000 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.BackgroundImagePositionY Y position (in pixels) of background image (< 0: measure from bottom edge; >= 1e5: centered) Default value: 100000 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Camera Enable camera view mode Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.CameraAperture Camera aperture in degrees Default value: 40 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.CameraEyeSeparationRatio Eye separation ratio in % for stereo rendering Default value: 1.5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.CameraFocalLengthRatio Camera Focal length ratio Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.Clip0A First coecient in equation for clipping plane 0 (A in AX+BY+CZ+D=0) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.Clip0B Second coecient in equation for clipping plane 0 (B in AX+BY+CZ+D=0) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip0C Third coecient in equation for clipping plane 0 (C in AX+BY+CZ+D=0) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip0D Fourth coecient in equation for clipping plane 0 (D in AX+BY+CZ+D=0) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip1A First coecient in equation for clipping plane 1 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip1B Second coecient in equation for clipping plane 1 Default value: 1 Saved in: General.Clip1C Third coecient in equation for clipping plane 1 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip1D Fourth coecient in equation for clipping plane 1 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip2A First coecient in equation for clipping plane 2 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip2B Second coecient in equation for clipping plane 2 Default value: 0 Saved in: -
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General.Clip2C Third coecient in equation for clipping plane 2 Default value: 1 Saved in: General.Clip2D Fourth coecient in equation for clipping plane 2 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip3A First coecient in equation for clipping plane 3 Default value: -1 Saved in: General.Clip3B Second coecient in equation for clipping plane 3 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip3C Third coecient in equation for clipping plane 3 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip3D Fourth coecient in equation for clipping plane 3 Default value: 1 Saved in: General.Clip4A First coecient in equation for clipping plane 4 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip4B Second coecient in equation for clipping plane 4 Default value: -1 Saved in: General.Clip4C Third coecient in equation for clipping plane 4 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip4D Fourth coecient in equation for clipping plane 4 Default value: 1 Saved in: -
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General.Clip5A First coecient in equation for clipping plane 5 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip5B Second coecient in equation for clipping plane 5 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.Clip5C Third coecient in equation for clipping plane 5 Default value: -1 Saved in: General.Clip5D Fourth coecient in equation for clipping plane 5 Default value: 1 Saved in: General.ClipFactor Near and far clipping plane distance factor (decrease value for better z-buer resolution) Default value: 5 Saved in: General.ClipOnlyDrawIntersectingVolume Only draw layer of elements that intersect the clipping plane Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ClipOnlyVolume Only clip volume elements Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ClipPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the clipping planes window Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.ClipPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the clipping planes window Default value: 150 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.ClipWholeElements Clip whole elements Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.ColorScheme Default color scheme (0=dark, 1=light or 2=grayscale) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ConfirmOverwrite Ask conrmation before overwriting les? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ContextPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the contextual windows Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.ContextPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the contextual windows Default value: 150 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.DetachedMenu Should the menu window be detached from the graphic window? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.DisplayBorderFactor Border factor for model display (0: model ts window size exactly) Default value: 0.2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.DoubleBuffer Use a double buered graphic window (on Unix, should be set to 0 when working on a remote host without GLX) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.DrawBoundingBoxes Draw bounding boxes Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ExpertMode Enable expert mode (to disable all the messages meant for inexperienced users) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ExtraPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the generic extra window Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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General.ExtraPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the generic extra window Default value: 350 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.ExtraHeight Height (in pixels) of the generic extra window Default value: 100 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.ExtraWidth Width (in pixels) of the generic extra window Default value: 100 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.FastRedraw Draw simplied model while rotating, panning and zooming Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.FieldPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the eld window Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.FieldPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the eld window Default value: 550 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.FieldHeight Height (in pixels) of the eld window Default value: 320 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.FieldWidth Width (in pixels) of the eld window Default value: 420 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.FileChooserPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the le chooser windows Default value: 200 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.FileChooserPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the le chooser windows Default value: 200 Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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General.FontSize Size of the font in the user interface (-1=automatic) Default value: -1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.GraphicsFontSize Size of the font in the graphic window Default value: 15 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.GraphicsFontSizeTitle Size of the font in the graphic window for titles Default value: 18 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.GraphicsHeight Height (in pixels) of the graphic window Default value: 600 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.GraphicsPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the graphic window Default value: 50 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.GraphicsPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the graphic window Default value: 50 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.GraphicsWidth Width (in pixels) of the graphic window Default value: 800 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.HighOrderToolsPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the high order tools window Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.HighOrderToolsPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the high order tools window Default value: 150 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.InitialModule Module launched on startup (0=automatic, 1=geometry, 2=mesh, 3=solver, 4=post-processing) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.Light0 Enable light source 0 Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Light0X X position of light source 0 Default value: 0.65 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Light0Y Y position of light source 0 Default value: 0.65 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Light0Z Z position of light source 0 Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Light0W Divisor of the X, Y and Z coordinates of light source 0 (W=0 means innitely far source) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Light1 Enable light source 1 Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Light1X X position of light source 1 Default value: 0.5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Light1Y Y position of light source 1 Default value: 0.3 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Light1Z Z position of light source 1 Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Light1W Divisor of the X, Y and Z coordinates of light source 1 (W=0 means innitely far source) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.LineWidth Display width of lines (in pixels) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ManipulatorPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the manipulator window Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.ManipulatorPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the manipulator window Default value: 150 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.MaxX Maximum model coordinate along the X-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.MaxY Maximum model coordinate along the Y-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.MaxZ Maximum model coordinate along the Z-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.MenuWidth Width (in pixels) of the menu tree Default value: 200 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.MenuHeight Height (in pixels) of the (detached) menu tree Default value: 200 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.MenuPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the (detached) menu tree Default value: 400 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.MenuPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the (detached) menu tree Default value: 400 Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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General.MessageHeight Height (in pixels) of the message console when it is visible (should be > 0) Default value: 300 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.MinX Minimum model coordinate along the X-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.MinY Minimum model coordinate along the Y-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.MinZ Minimum model coordinate along the Z-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.MouseHoverMeshes Enable mouse hover on meshes Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.MouseSelection Enable mouse selection Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.NonModalWindows Force all control windows to be on top of the graphic window ("non-modal") Default value: 1 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.NoPopup Disable interactive dialog windows in scripts (and use default values instead) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.OptionsPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the option window Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.OptionsPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the option window Default value: 150 Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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General.Orthographic Orthographic projection mode (0=perspective projection) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.PluginPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the plugin window Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.PluginPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the plugin window Default value: 550 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.PluginHeight Height (in pixels) of the plugin window Default value: 320 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.PluginWidth Width (in pixels) of the plugin window Default value: 420 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.PointSize Display size of points (in pixels) Default value: 3 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.PolygonOffsetAlwaysOn Always apply polygon oset, instead of trying to detect when it is required Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.PolygonOffsetFactor Polygon oset factor (oset = factor * DZ + r * units) Default value: 0.5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.PolygonOffsetUnits Polygon oset units (oset = factor * DZ + r * units) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ProgressMeterStep Increment (in percent) of the progress meter bar Default value: 20 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.QuadricSubdivisions Number of subdivisions used to draw points or lines as spheres or cylinders Default value: 6 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.RotationX First Euler angle (used if Trackball=0) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.RotationY Second Euler angle (used if Trackball=0) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.RotationZ Third Euler angle (used if Trackball=0) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.RotationCenterGravity Rotate around the (pseudo) center of mass instead of (RotationCenterX, RotationCenterY, RotationCenterZ) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.RotationCenterX X coordinate of the center of rotation Default value: 0 Saved in: General.RotationCenterY Y coordinate of the center of rotation Default value: 0 Saved in: General.RotationCenterZ Z coordinate of the center of rotation Default value: 0 Saved in: General.SaveOptions Automatically save current options in General.OptionsFileName (1) or per model (2)each time you quit Gmsh? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.SaveSession Automatically save session specic information in General.SessionFileName each time you quit Gmsh? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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General.ScaleX X-axis scale factor Default value: 1 Saved in: General.ScaleY Y-axis scale factor Default value: 1 Saved in: General.ScaleZ Z-axis scale factor Default value: 1 Saved in: General.Shininess Material shininess Default value: 0.4 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.ShininessExponent Material shininess exponent (between 0 and 128) Default value: 40 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.SmallAxes Display the small axes Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.SmallAxesPositionX X position (in pixels) of small axes (< 0: measure from right edge; >= 1e5: centered) Default value: -60 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.SmallAxesPositionY Y position (in pixels) of small axes (< 0: measure from bottom edge; >= 1e5: centered) Default value: -40 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.SmallAxesSize Size (in pixels) of small axes Default value: 30 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.StatisticsPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the statistic window Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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General.StatisticsPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the statistic window Default value: 150 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.Stereo Use stereo rendering Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.SystemMenuBar Use the system menu bar on Mac OS X? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.Terminal Should information be printed on the terminal (if available)? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Tooltips Show tooltips in the user interface Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Trackball Use trackball rotation mode Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.TrackballHyperbolicSheet Use hyperbolic sheet away from trackball center for z-rotations Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.TrackballQuaternion0 First trackball quaternion component (used if General.Trackball=1) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.TrackballQuaternion1 Second trackball quaternion component (used if General.Trackball=1) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.TrackballQuaternion2 Third trackball quaternion component (used if General.Trackball=1) Default value: 0 Saved in: -
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General.TrackballQuaternion3 Fourth trackball quaternion component (used if General.Trackball=1) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.TranslationX X-axis translation (in model units) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.TranslationY Y-axis translation (in model units) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.TranslationZ Z-axis translation (in model units) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.VectorType Default vector display type (for normals, etc.) Default value: 4 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Verbosity Level of information printed during processing (0=no information) Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.VisibilityPositionX Horizontal position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the visibility window Default value: 650 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.VisibilityPositionY Vertical position (in pixels) of the upper left corner of the visibility window Default value: 150 Saved in: General.SessionFileName General.ZoomFactor Middle mouse button zoom acceleration factor Default value: 4 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Color.Background Background color Default value: {255,255,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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General.Color.BackgroundGradient Background gradient color Default value: {208,215,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Color.Foreground Foreground color Default value: {85,85,85} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Color.Text Text color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Color.Axes Axes color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Color.SmallAxes Small axes color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Color.AmbientLight Ambient light color Default value: {25,25,25} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Color.DiffuseLight Diuse light color Default value: {255,255,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName General.Color.SpecularLight Specular light color Default value: {255,255,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.ParameterCommand Command parsed when the print parameter is changed Default value: "View.Clip=1; General.Clip0D=Print.Parameter;" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.Parameter Current value of the print parameter Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Print.ParameterFirst First value of print parameter in loop Default value: -1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.ParameterLast Last value of print parameter in loop Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.ParameterSteps Number of steps in loop over print parameter Default value: 24 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.Background Print background? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.CompositeWindows Composite all window tiles in the same output image (for bitmap output only) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.DeleteTemporaryFiles Delete temporary les used during printing Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.EpsBestRoot Try to minimize primitive splitting in BSP tree sorted PostScript/PDF output Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.EpsCompress Compress PostScript/PDF output using zlib Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.EpsLineWidthFactor Width factor for lines in PostScript/PDF output Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.EpsOcclusionCulling Cull occluded primitives (to reduce PostScript/PDF le size) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Print.EpsPointSizeFactor Size factor for points in PostScript/PDF output Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.EpsPS3Shading Enable PostScript Level 3 shading Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.EpsQuality PostScript/PDF quality (0=bitmap, 1=vector (simple sort), 2=vector (accurate sort), 3=vector (unsorted) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.Format File format (10=automatic) Default value: 10 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.GeoLabels Save labels in unrolled Gmsh geometries Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.GeoOnlyPhysicals Only save entities that belong to physical groups Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.GifDither Apply dithering to GIF output Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.GifInterlace Interlace GIF output Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.GifSort Sort the colormap in GIF output Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.GifTransparent Output transparent GIF image Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Print.Height Height of printed image; use (possibly scaled) current height if < 0 Default value: -1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.JpegQuality JPEG quality (between 1 and 100) Default value: 100 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.JpegSmoothing JPEG smoothing (between 0 and 100) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.PostElementary Save elementary region tags in mesh statistics exported as post-processing views Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.PostElement Save element numbers in mesh statistics exported as post-processing views Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.PostGamma Save Gamma quality measure in mesh statistics exported as post-processing views Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.PostEta Save Eta quality measure in mesh statistics exported as post-processing views Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.PostRho Save Rho quality measure in mesh statistics exported as post-processing views Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.PostDisto Save Disto quality measure in mesh statistics exported as post-processing views Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.TexAsEquation Print all TeX strings as equations Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Print.Text Print text strings? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Print.Width Width of printed image; use (possibly scaled) current width if < 0) Default value: -1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
B.2 Geometry options list

Geometry.AutoCoherence Should all duplicate entities be automatically removed? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Clip Enable clipping planes? (Plane[i]=2î, i=0,...,5) Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.CopyMeshingMethod Copy meshing method (unstructured or transnite) when duplicating geometrical entities? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.ExactExtrusion Use exact extrusion formula in interpolations (set to 0 to allow geometrical transformations of extruded entities) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.ExtrudeReturnLateralEntities Add lateral entities in lists returned by extrusion commands? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.ExtrudeSplinePoints Number of control points for splines created during extrusion Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.HideCompounds Hide entities that make up compound entities? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.HighlightOrphans Highlight orphan entities (lines connected to a single surface, etc.)? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Geometry.LabelType Type of entity label (1=elementary number, 2=physical number) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Light Enable lighting for the geometry Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.LightTwoSide Light both sides of surfaces (leads to slower rendering) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Lines Display geometry curves? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.LineNumbers Display curve numbers? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.LineSelectWidth Display width of selected lines (in pixels) Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.LineType Display lines as solid color segments (0), 3D cylinders (1) or tapered cylinders (2) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.LineWidth Display width of lines (in pixels) Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.MatchGeomAndMesh Matches geometries and meshes Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Normals Display size of normal vectors (in pixels) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Geometry.NumSubEdges Number of edge subdivisions between control points when displaying curves Default value: 20 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.OCCFixDegenerated Fix degenerated edges/faces in STEP, IGES and BRep models Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.OCCFixSmallEdges Fix small edges in STEP, IGES and BRep models Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.OCCFixSmallFaces Fix small faces in STEP, IGES and BRep models Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.OCCSewFaces Sew faces in STEP, IGES and BRep models Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.OCCConnectFaces Cut and connect faces in STEP, IGES and BRep models Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.OffsetX Model display oset along X-axis (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.OffsetY Model display oset along Y-axis (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.OffsetZ Model display oset along Z-axis (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.OldCircle Use old circle description (compatibility option for old Gmsh geometries) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.OldRuledSurface Use old 3-sided ruled surface interpolation (compatibility option for old Gmsh geometries)
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Gmsh 2.8
Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.OldNewReg Use old newreg denition for geometrical transformations (compatibility option for old Gmsh geometries) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Points Display geometry points? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.PointNumbers Display points numbers? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.PointSelectSize Display size of selected points (in pixels) Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.PointSize Display size of points (in pixels) Default value: 4 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.PointType Display points as solid color dots (0) or 3D spheres (1) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.ScalingFactor Global geometry scaling factor Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.OrientedPhysicals Use sign of elementary entity in physical denition as orientation indicator Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.SnapX Snapping grid spacing along the X-axis Default value: 0.1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.SnapY Snapping grid spacing along the Y-axis Default value: 0.1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Geometry.SnapZ Snapping grid spacing along the Z-axis Default value: 0.1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Surfaces Display geometry surfaces? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.SurfaceNumbers Display surface numbers? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.SurfaceType Surface display type (0=cross, 1=wireframe, 2=solid) Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Tangents Display size of tangent vectors (in pixels) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Tolerance Geometrical tolerance Default value: 1e-06 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Transform Transform model display coordinates (0=no, 1=scale) Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.TransformXX Element (1,1) of the 3x3 model display transformation matrix Default value: 1 Saved in: Geometry.TransformXY Element (1,2) of the 3x3 model display transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.TransformXZ Element (1,3) of the 3x3 model display transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: -
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Gmsh 2.8
Geometry.TransformYX Element (2,1) of the 3x3 model display transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.TransformYY Element (2,2) of the 3x3 model display transformation matrix Default value: 1 Saved in: Geometry.TransformYZ Element (2,3) of the 3x3 model display transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.TransformZX Element (3,1) of the 3x3 model display transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.TransformZY Element (3,2) of the 3x3 model display transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: Geometry.TransformZZ Element (3,3) of the 3x3 model display transformation matrix Default value: 1 Saved in: Geometry.Volumes Display geometry volumes? (not implemented yet) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.VolumeNumbers Display volume numbers? (not implemented yet) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.Points Normal geometry point color Default value: {90,90,90} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.Lines Normal geometry curve color Default value: {0,0,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Geometry.Color.Surfaces Normal geometry surface color Default value: {128,128,128} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.Volumes Normal geometry volume color Default value: {255,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.Selection Selected geometry color Default value: {255,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.HighlightZero Highlight 0 color Default value: {255,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.HighlightOne Highlight 1 color Default value: {255,150,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.HighlightTwo Highlight 2 color Default value: {255,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.Tangents Tangent geometry vectors color Default value: {255,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.Normals Normal geometry vectors color Default value: {255,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Geometry.Color.Projection Projection surface color Default value: {0,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
B.3 Mesh options list

Mesh.Algorithm 2D mesh algorithm (1=MeshAdapt, 2=Automatic, 5=Delaunay, 6=Frontal, 7=bamg, 8=delquad) Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.Algorithm3D 3D mesh algorithm (1=Delaunay, 4=Frontal, 5=Frontal Delaunay, 6=Frontal Hex, 7=MMG3D, 9=R-tree) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.AngleSmoothNormals Threshold angle below which normals are not smoothed Default value: 30 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.AnisoMax Maximum anisotropy of the mesh Default value: 1e+33 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.AllowSwapAngle Threshold angle (in degrees) between faces normals under which we allow an edge swap Default value: 10 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.BdfFieldFormat Field format for Nastran BDF les (0=free, 1=small, 2=large) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Binary Write mesh les in binary format (if possible) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Bunin Apply Bunin optimization on quad meshes (the parameter is the maximal size of a cavity that may be remeshed) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Lloyd Apply lloyd optimization on surface meshes Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SmoothCrossField Apply n barycentric smoothing passes to the cross eld Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.CgnsImportOrder Enable the creation of high-order mesh from CGNS structured meshes(1, 2, 4, 8, ...) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Mesh.ChacoArchitecture (Adv. Chaco): Parallel architecture topology (0=hypercube, 1-3=mesh dimensions) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoEigensolver (Adv. Chaco): Type of eigensolver for a spectral algorithm (0=Lanczos, 1=Multilevel RQI/Symmlq) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoEigTol (Adv. Chaco): Tolerance of the eigensolver for spectral or multilevel-KL algorithms Default value: 0.001 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoGlobalMethod Chaco partitioning algorithm (1=Multilevel-KL, 2=Spectral, 5=Random, 6=Scattered) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoHypercubeDim (Adv. Chaco): Dimensional partitioning for a hypercube topology Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoLocalMethod (Adv. Chaco): Local partitioning algorithm Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoMeshDim1 (Adv. Chaco): Number of partitions in the rst dimension of a mesh topology Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoMeshDim2 (Adv. Chaco): Number of partitions in the second dimension of a mesh topology Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoMeshDim3 (Adv. Chaco): Number of partitions in the third dimension of a mesh topology Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoPartitionSection (Adv. Chaco): Partition by (1=bisection, 2=quadrisection, 3=octasection Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName 4=Linear,
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Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.ChacoSeed (Adv. Chaco): Seed for random number generator Default value: 7.65432e+06 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoVMax (Adv. Chaco): Maximum vertices in a coarse graph (for multilevel-KL algorithm and Multilevel RQI/Symmlq eigensolver) Default value: 250 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoParamINTERNAL_VERTICES (Adv. Chaco): Parameter INTERNAL VERTICES Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoParamREFINE_MAP (Adv. Chaco): Parameter REFINE MAP Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoParamREFINE_PARTITION (Adv. Chaco): Parameter REFINE PARTITION Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ChacoParamTERMINAL_PROPOGATION (Adv. Chaco): Parameter TERMINAL PROPOGATION Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.CharacteristicLengthExtendFromBoundary Extend computation of mesh element sizes from the boundaries into the surfaces/volumes Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFactor Factor applied to all mesh element sizes Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.CharacteristicLengthMin Minimum mesh element size Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.CharacteristicLengthMax Maximum mesh element size Default value: 1e+22 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromCurvature Automatically compute mesh element sizes from curvature (experimental) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromPoints Compute mesh element sizes from values given at geometry points Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Clip Enable clipping planes? (Plane[i]=2î, i=0,...,5) Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.ColorCarousel Mesh coloring (0=by element type, 1=by elementary entity, 2=by physical entity, 3=by partition) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.CpuTime CPU time (in seconds) for the generation of the current mesh (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.DrawSkinOnly Draw only the skin of 3D meshes? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Dual Display the dual mesh obtained by barycentric subdivision Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ElementOrder Element order (1=linear elements, N (<6) = elements of higher order) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Explode Element shrinking factor (between 0 and 1) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.FlexibleTransfinite Allow transnite contraints to be modied for Blossom or by global mesh size factor Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.Format Mesh output format (1=msh, 2=unv, 10=automatic, 19=vrml, 27=stl, 30=mesh, 31=bdf, 32=cgns, 33=med, 40=ply2) Default value: 10 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Hexahedra Display mesh hexahedra? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.HighOrderNumLayers Number of high order mesh elements to consider for optimization Default value: 6 Saved in: Mesh.HighOrderOptimize Optimize high order meshes? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.HighOrderPoissonRatio Poisson ratio of the material used in the elastic smoother for high order meshesMust be between -1.0 and 0.5, excluded Default value: 0.33 Saved in: Mesh.HighOrderThresholdMin Minimum threshold for high order element optimization Default value: 0.1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.HighOrderThresholdMax Maximum threshold for high order element optimization Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.LabelSampling Label sampling rate (display one label every LabelSampling elements) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.LabelType Type of element label (0=element number, 1=elementary entity number, 2=physical entity number, 3=partition number, 4=coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.LcIntegrationPrecision Accuracy of evaluation of the LC eld for 1D mesh generation Default value: 1e-09 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Mesh.Light Enable lighting for the mesh Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.LightLines Enable lighting for mesh lines (element edges) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.LightTwoSide Light both sides of surfaces (leads to slower rendering) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Lines Display mesh lines (1D elements)? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.LineNumbers Display mesh line numbers? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.LineWidth Display width of mesh lines (in pixels) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.MeshOnlyVisible Mesh only visible entities (experimental: use with caution!) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.MetisAlgorithm METIS partitioning algorithm (1=Recursive, 2=K-way, 3=Nodal weight) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.MetisEdgeMatching (Adv. METIS): Determines the matching type (1=Random, 2=Heavy-Edge, 3=Sorted Heavy-Edge) Default value: 3 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.MetisRefinementAlgorithm (Adv. METIS): Algorithm for k-way renement (1=Random, 2=Greedy, 3=Random with minimized connectivity) Default value: 3 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.MinimumCirclePoints Minimum number of points used to mesh a circle Default value: 7 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.MinimumCurvePoints Minimum number of points used to mesh a (non-straight) curve Default value: 3 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.MshFileVersion Version of the MSH le format to use Default value: 2.2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.MshFilePartitioned Split MSH le by mesh partition (0: no, 1: yes, 2: create physicals by partition) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.MultiplePassesMeshes Do a rst simple mesh and use it for complex background meshes (curvatures...) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.PartitionHexWeight Weight of hexahedral element for METIS load balancing Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.PartitionPrismWeight Weight of prismatic element (wedge) for METIS load balancing Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.PartitionPyramidWeight Weight of pyramidal element for METIS load balancing Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.PartitionQuadWeight Weight of quadrangle for METIS load balancing Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.PartitionTetWeight Weight of tetrahedral element for METIS load balancing Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Mesh.PartitionTriWeight Weight of triangle for METIS load balancing Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.NbHexahedra Number of hexahedra in the current mesh (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.NbNodes Number of nodes in the current mesh (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.NbPartitions Number of partitions Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.NbPrisms Number of prisms in the current mesh (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.NbPyramids Number of pyramids in the current mesh (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.NbQuadrangles Number of quadrangles in the current mesh (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.NbTetrahedra Number of tetrahedra in the current mesh (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.NbTriangles Number of triangles in the current mesh (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.Normals Display size of normal vectors (in pixels) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.NumSubEdges Number of edge subdivisions when displaying high order elements Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Optimize Optimize the mesh to improve the quality of tetrahedral elements Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.OptimizeNetgen Optimize the mesh using Netgen to improve the quality of tetrahedral elements Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Partitioner Partitioner software (1=Chacho, 2=METIS) Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Points Display mesh vertices (nodes)? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.PointNumbers Display mesh node numbers? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.PointSize Display size of mesh vertices (in pixels) Default value: 4 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.PointType Display mesh vertices as solid color dots (0) or 3D spheres (1) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Prisms Display mesh prisms? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Pyramids Display mesh pyramids? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Mesh.Quadrangles Display mesh quadrangles? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.QualityInf Only display elements whose quality measure is greater than QualityInf Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.QualitySup Only display elements whose quality measure is smaller than QualitySup Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.QualityType Type of quality measure (0=gamma~vol/sum face/max edge, 1=eta~vol^(2/3)/sum edge^2, 2=rho~min edge/max edge) Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RadiusInf Only display elements whose longest edge is greater than RadiusInf Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RadiusSup Only display elements whose longest edge is smaller than RadiusSup Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RandomFactor Random factor used in the 2D meshing algorithm (should be increased if RandomFactor * size(triangle)/size(model) approaches machine accuracy) Default value: 1e-09 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.IgnorePartitionBoundary Ignore partitions boundaries (0=no, 1=yes) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RecombinationAlgorithm Mesh recombination algorithm (0=standard, 1=blossom) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RecombineAll Apply recombination algorithm to all surfaces, ignoring per-surface spec Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.Recombine3DAll Apply recombination3D algorithm to all volumes, ignoring per-volume spec Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.DoRecombinationTest Apply recombination algorithm for test Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RecombinationTestHorizStart Depth start Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RecombinationTestNoGreedyStrat No greedy (global) strategies Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RecombinationTestNewStrat New strategies Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RemeshAlgorithm Remeshing algorithm (0=no split, 1=automatic, 2=automatic only with metis) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RemeshParametrization Remeshing using discrete parametrization (0=harmonic circle, 1=conformal spectral, 2=rbf, 3=harmonic plane, 4=convex circle, 5=convex plane, 6=harmonic square, 7=conformal fe Default value: 4 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.RefineSteps Number of renement steps in the MeshAdapt-based 2D algorithms Default value: 10 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Remove4Triangles Try to remove nodes surrounded by 4 triangles in 2D triangular meshes Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ReverseAllNormals Reverse all the mesh normals (for display) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Mesh.SaveAll Ignore Physical denitions and save all elements Default value: 0 Saved in: Mesh.SaveElementTagType Type of the element tag saved in mesh formats that dont support saving physical or partition ids (1=elementary, 2=physical, 3=partition) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SaveParametric Save parametric coordinates of nodes Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SaveGroupsOfNodes Save groups of nodes for each physical line and surface (UNV mesh format only) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ScalingFactor Global scaling factor applied to the saved mesh Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SecondOrderExperimental Use experimental code to generate second order mesh Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SecondOrderIncomplete Create incomplete second order elements? (8-node quads, 20-node hexas, etc.) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SecondOrderLinear Should second order vertices simply be created by linear interpolation? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Smoothing Number of smoothing steps applied to the nal mesh Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SmoothNormals Smooth the mesh normals? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.SmoothRatio Ratio between mesh sizes at vertices of a same edeg (used in BAMG) Default value: 1.8 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SubdivisionAlgorithm Mesh subdivision algorithm (0=none, 1=all quadrangles, 2=all hexahedra) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SurfaceEdges Display edges of surface mesh? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SurfaceFaces Display faces of surface mesh? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SurfaceNumbers Display surface mesh element numbers? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.SwitchElementTags Invert elementary and physical tags when reading the mesh Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Tangents Display size of tangent vectors (in pixels) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Tetrahedra Display mesh tetrahedra? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ToleranceEdgeLength Skip a model edge in mesh generation if its length is less than users dened tolerance Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Triangles Display mesh triangles? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Mesh.VolumeEdges Display edges of volume mesh? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.VolumeFaces Display faces of volume mesh? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.VolumeNumbers Display volume mesh element numbers? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Voronoi Display the voronoi diagram Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.ZoneDefinition Method for dening a zone (0=single zone, 1=by partition, 2=by physical) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Points Mesh node color Default value: {0,0,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.PointsSup Second order mesh node color Default value: {255,0,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Lines Mesh line color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Triangles Mesh triangle color (if Mesh.ColorCarousel=0) Default value: {160,150,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Quadrangles Mesh quadrangle color (if Mesh.ColorCarousel=0) Default value: {130,120,225} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.Color.Tetrahedra Mesh tetrahedron color (if Mesh.ColorCarousel=0) Default value: {160,150,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Hexahedra Mesh hexahedron color (if Mesh.ColorCarousel=0) Default value: {130,120,225} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Prisms Mesh prism color (if Mesh.ColorCarousel=0) Default value: {232,210,23} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Pyramids Mesh pyramid color (if Mesh.ColorCarousel=0) Default value: {217,113,38} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Tangents Tangent mesh vector color Default value: {255,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Normals Normal mesh vector color Default value: {255,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Zero Color 0 in color carousel Default value: {255,120,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.One Color 1 in color carousel Default value: {0,255,132} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Two Color 2 in color carousel Default value: {255,160,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Three Color 3 in color carousel Default value: {0,255,192} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Mesh.Color.Four Color 4 in color carousel Default value: {255,200,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Five Color 5 in color carousel Default value: {0,216,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Six Color 6 in color carousel Default value: {255,240,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Seven Color 7 in color carousel Default value: {0,176,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Eight Color 8 in color carousel Default value: {228,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Nine Color 9 in color carousel Default value: {0,116,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Ten Color 10 in color carousel Default value: {188,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Eleven Color 11 in color carousel Default value: {0,76,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Twelve Color 12 in color carousel Default value: {148,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Thirteen Color 13 in color carousel Default value: {24,0,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.Color.Fourteen Color 14 in color carousel Default value: {108,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Fifteen Color 15 in color carousel Default value: {84,0,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Sixteen Color 16 in color carousel Default value: {68,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Seventeen Color 17 in color carousel Default value: {104,0,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Eighteen Color 18 in color carousel Default value: {0,255,52} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Mesh.Color.Nineteen Color 19 in color carousel Default value: {184,0,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
B.4 Solver options list

Solver.Executable0 System command to launch solver 0 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Executable1 System command to launch solver 1 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Executable2 System command to launch solver 2 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Executable3 System command to launch solver 3 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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Solver.Executable4 System command to launch solver 4 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Executable5 System command to launch solver 5 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Executable6 System command to launch solver 6 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Executable7 System command to launch solver 7 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Executable8 System command to launch solver 8 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Executable9 System command to launch solver 9 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Name0 Name of solver 0 Default value: "GetDP" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Name1 Name of solver 1 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Name2 Name of solver 2 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Name3 Name of solver 3 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Solver.Name4 Name of solver 4 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Name5 Name of solver 5 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Name6 Name of solver 6 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Name7 Name of solver 7 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Name8 Name of solver 8 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.Name9 Name of solver 9 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.RemoteLogin0 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 0 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.RemoteLogin1 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 1 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.RemoteLogin2 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 2 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.RemoteLogin3 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 3 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName
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Solver.RemoteLogin4 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 4 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.RemoteLogin5 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 5 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.RemoteLogin6 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 6 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.RemoteLogin7 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 7 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.RemoteLogin8 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 8 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.RemoteLogin9 Command to login to a remote host to launch solver 9 Default value: "" Saved in: General.SessionFileName Solver.SocketName Base name of socket (UNIX socket if the name does not contain a colon, TCP/IP otherwise, in the form host:baseport; the actual name/port is constructed by appending the unique client id) Default value: ".gmshsock" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Solver.AlwaysListen Always listen to incoming connection requests? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Solver.AutoArchiveOutputFiles Automatically archive output les after each computation Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Solver.AutoCheck Automatically check model every time a parameter is changed Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
Solver.AutoSaveDatabase Automatically save database after each computation Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Solver.AutoMesh Automatically mesh if necesssary Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Solver.AutoMergeFile Automatically merge result les Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Solver.AutoHideNewViews Automcatically hide newly merged results Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Solver.AutoShowLastStep Automatically show the last time step in newly merged results Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Solver.Plugins Enable default solver plugins? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName Solver.Timeout Time (in seconds) before closing the socket if no connection is happening Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
B.5 Post-processing options list

PostProcessing.AnimationDelay Delay (in seconds) between frames in automatic animation mode Default value: 0.1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName PostProcessing.AnimationCycle Cycle through time steps (0) or views (1) for animations Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName PostProcessing.AnimationStep Step increment for animations Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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PostProcessing.CombineRemoveOriginal Remove original views after a Combine operation Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName PostProcessing.Format Default le format for post-processing views (0=ASCII view, 1=binary view, 2=parsed view, 3=STL triangulation, 4=raw text, 5=Gmsh mesh, 6=MED le, 10=automatic) Default value: 10 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName PostProcessing.HorizontalScales Display value scales horizontally Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName PostProcessing.Link Post-processing view links (0=apply next option changes to selected views, 1=force same options for all selected views) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName PostProcessing.NbViews Current number of views merged (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: PostProcessing.Plugins Enable default post-processing plugins? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName PostProcessing.Smoothing Apply (non-reversible) smoothing to post-processing view when merged Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Attributes Optional string attributes Default value: "" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesFormatX Number format for X-axis (in standard C form) Default value: "%.3g" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesFormatY Number format for Y-axis (in standard C form) Default value: "%.3g" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
View.AxesFormatZ Number format for Z-axis (in standard C form) Default value: "%.3g" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesLabelX X-axis label Default value: "" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesLabelY Y-axis label Default value: "" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesLabelZ Z-axis label Default value: "" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.FileName Default post-processing view le name Default value: "" Saved in: View.Format Number format (in standard C form) Default value: "%.3g" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.GeneralizedRaiseX Generalized elevation of the view along X-axis (in model coordinates, using formula possibly containing x, y, z, s[tep], t[ime], v0, ... v8) Default value: "v0" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.GeneralizedRaiseY Generalized elevation of the view along Y-axis (in model coordinates, using formula possibly containing x, y, z, s[tep], t[ime], v0, ... v8) Default value: "v1" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.GeneralizedRaiseZ Generalized elevation of the view along Z-axis (in model coordinates, using formula possibly containing x, y, z, s[tep], t[ime], v0, ... v8) Default value: "v2" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Name Default post-processing view name Default value: "" Saved in: -
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View.Stipple0 First stippling pattern Default value: "1*0x1F1F" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Stipple1 Second stippling pattern Default value: "1*0x3333" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Stipple2 Third stippling pattern Default value: "1*0x087F" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Stipple3 Fourth stippling pattern Default value: "1*0xCCCF" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Stipple4 Fifth stippling pattern Default value: "2*0x1111" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Stipple5 Sixth stippling pattern Default value: "2*0x0F0F" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Stipple6 Seventh stippling pattern Default value: "1*0xCFFF" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Stipple7 Eighth stippling pattern Default value: "2*0x0202" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Stipple8 Ninth stippling pattern Default value: "2*0x087F" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Stipple9 Tenth stippling pattern Default value: "1*0xFFFF" Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
View.AbscissaRangeType Ascissa scale range type (1=default, 2=custom) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AdaptVisualizationGrid Use adaptive visualization grid (for high-order elements)? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AngleSmoothNormals Threshold angle below which normals are not smoothed Default value: 30 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ArrowSizeMax Maximum display size of arrows (in pixels) Default value: 60 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ArrowSizeMin Minimum display size of arrows (in pixels) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AutoPosition Position the scale or 2D plot automatically (0: manual, 1: automatic, 2: top left, 3: top right, 4: bottom left, 5: bottom right, 6: top, 7: bottom, 8: left, 9: right, 10: full, 11: top third) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Axes Axes (0=none, 1=simple axes, 2=box, 3=full grid, 4=open grid, 5=ruler) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesMikado Mikado axes style Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesAutoPosition Position the axes automatically Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesMaxX Maximum X-axis coordinate Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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View.AxesMaxY Maximum Y-axis coordinate Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesMaxZ Maximum Z-axis coordinate Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesMinX Minimum X-axis coordinate Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesMinY Minimum Y-axis coordinate Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesMinZ Minimum Z-axis coordinate Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesTicsX Number of tics on the X-axis Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesTicsY Number of tics on the Y-axis Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.AxesTicsZ Number of tics on the Z-axis Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Boundary Draw the N minus b-dimensional boundary of the element (N=element dimension, b=option value) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.CenterGlyphs Center glyphs (arrows, numbers, etc.)? (0=left, 1=centered, 2=right) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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Gmsh 2.8
View.Clip Enable clipping planes? (Plane[i]=2î, i=0,...,5) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.ColormapAlpha Colormap alpha channel value (used only if != 1) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ColormapAlphaPower Colormap alpha channel power Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ColormapBeta Colormap beta parameter (gamma = 1-beta) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ColormapBias Colormap bias Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ColormapCurvature Colormap curvature or slope coecient Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ColormapInvert Invert the color values, i.e., replace x with (255-x) in the colormap? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ColormapNumber Default colormap number Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ColormapRotation Incremental colormap rotation Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ColormapSwap Swap the min/max values in the colormap? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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View.ComponentMap0 Forced component 0 (if View.ForceComponents > 0) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ComponentMap1 Forced component 1 (if View.ForceComponents > 0) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ComponentMap2 Forced component 2 (if View.ForceComponents > 0) Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ComponentMap3 Forced component 3 (if View.ForceComponents > 0) Default value: 3 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ComponentMap4 Forced component 4 (if View.ForceComponents > 0) Default value: 4 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ComponentMap5 Forced component 5 (if View.ForceComponents > 0) Default value: 5 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ComponentMap6 Forced component 6 (if View.ForceComponents > 0) Default value: 6 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ComponentMap7 Forced component 7 (if View.ForceComponents > 0) Default value: 7 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ComponentMap8 Forced component 8 (if View.ForceComponents > 0) Default value: 8 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.CustomAbscissaMax User-dened maximum abscissa value Default value: 0 Saved in: -
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View.CustomAbscissaMin User-dened minimum abscissa value Default value: 0 Saved in: View.CustomMax User-dened maximum value to be displayed Default value: 0 Saved in: View.CustomMin User-dened minimum value to be displayed Default value: 0 Saved in: View.DisplacementFactor Displacement amplication Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawHexahedra Display post-processing hexahedra? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawLines Display post-processing lines? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawPoints Display post-processing points? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawPrisms Display post-processing prisms? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawPyramids Display post-processing pyramids? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawQuadrangles Display post-processing quadrangles? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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View.DrawScalars Display scalar values? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawSkinOnly Draw only the skin of 3D scalar views? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawStrings Display post-processing annotation strings? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawTensors Display tensor values? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawTetrahedra Display post-processing tetrahedra? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawTriangles Display post-processing triangles? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.DrawVectors Display vector values? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Explode Element shrinking factor (between 0 and 1) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ExternalView Index of the view used to color vector elds (-1=self) Default value: -1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.FakeTransparency Use fake transparency (cheaper than the real thing, but incorrect) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ForceNumComponents Force number of components to display (see View.ComponentMapN for mapping)
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Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.GeneralizedRaiseFactor Generalized raise amplication factor Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.GeneralizedRaiseView Index of the view used for generalized raise (-1=self) Default value: -1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.GlyphLocation Glyph (arrow, number, etc.) location (1=center of gravity, 2=node) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Height Height (in pixels) of the scale or 2D plot Default value: 200 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.IntervalsType Type of interval display (1=iso, 2=continuous, 3=discrete, 4=numeric) Default value: 2 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Light Enable lighting for the view Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.LightLines Light element edges Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.LightTwoSide Light both sides of surfaces (leads to slower rendering) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.LineType Display lines as solid color segments (0) or 3D cylinders (1) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.LineWidth Display width of lines (in pixels) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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View.MaxRecursionLevel Maximum recursion level for adaptive views Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Max Maximum value in the view (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Maximum view coordinate along the X-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.MaxY Maximum view coordinate along the Y-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.MaxZ Maximum view coordinate along the Z-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.Min Minimum value in the view (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: Minimum view coordinate along the X-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.MinY Minimum view coordinate along the Y-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.MinZ Minimum view coordinate along the Z-axis (read-only) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.NbIso Number of intervals Default value: 10 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.NbTimeStep Number of time steps in the view (do not change this!) Default value: 1 Saved in: -
View.MaxX
View.MinX
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View.NormalRaise Elevation of the view along the normal (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.Normals Display size of normal vectors (in pixels) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.OffsetX Translation of the view along X-axis (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.OffsetY Translation of the view along Y-axis (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.OffsetZ Translation of the view along Z-axis (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.PointSize Display size of points (in pixels) Default value: 3 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.PointType Display points as solid color dots (0), 3D spheres (1), scaled dots (2) or scaled spheres (3) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.PositionX X position (in pixels) of the scale or 2D plot (< 0: measure from right edge; >= 1e5: centered) Default value: 100 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.PositionY Y position (in pixels) of the scale or 2D plot (< 0: measure from bottom edge; >= 1e5: centered) Default value: 50 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.RaiseX Elevation of the view along X-axis (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: -
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View.RaiseY Elevation of the view along Y-axis (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.RaiseZ Elevation of the view along Z-axis (in model coordinates) Default value: 0 Saved in: View.RangeType Value scale range type (1=default, 2=custom, 3=per time step) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Sampling Element sampling rate (draw one out every Sampling elements) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.SaturateValues Saturate the view values to custom min and max (1=true, 0=false) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ScaleType Value scale type (1=linear, 2=logarithmic, 3=double logarithmic) Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ShowElement Show element boundaries? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ShowScale Show value scale? Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ShowTime Time display mode (0=hidden, 1=time value if multi-step, 2=time value always, 3=time step if multi-step, 4=time step always) Default value: 3 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.SmoothNormals Smooth the normals? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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View.Stipple Stipple curves in 2D plots? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Tangents Display size of tangent vectors (in pixels) Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.TargetError Target representation error for adaptive views Default value: 0.01 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.TensorType Tensor Visualization Type Default value: 1 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.TimeStep Current time step displayed Default value: 0 Saved in: View.TransformXX Element (1,1) of the 3x3 coordinate transformation matrix Default value: 1 Saved in: View.TransformXY Element (1,2) of the 3x3 coordinate transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: View.TransformXZ Element (1,3) of the 3x3 coordinate transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: View.TransformYX Element (2,1) of the 3x3 coordinate transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: View.TransformYY Element (2,2) of the 3x3 coordinate transformation matrix Default value: 1 Saved in: -
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View.TransformYZ Element (2,3) of the 3x3 coordinate transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: View.TransformZX Element (3,1) of the 3x3 coordinate transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: View.TransformZY Element (3,2) of the 3x3 coordinate transformation matrix Default value: 0 Saved in: View.TransformZZ Element (3,3) of the 3x3 coordinate transformation matrix Default value: 1 Saved in: View.Type Type of plot (1=3D, 2=2D space, 3=2D time) Default value: 1 Saved in: View.UseGeneralizedRaise Use generalized raise? Default value: 0 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.VectorType Vector display type (1=segment, 2=arrow, 3=pyramid, 4=3D arrow, 5=displacement, 6=comet) Default value: 4 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Visible Is the view visible? Default value: 1 Saved in: View.Width Width (in pixels) of the scale or 2D plot Default value: 300 Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Points Point color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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View.Color.Lines Line color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Triangles Triangle color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Quadrangles Quadrangle color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Tetrahedra Tetrahedron color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Hexahedra Hexahedron color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Prisms Prism color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Pyramids Pyramid color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Tangents Tangent vector color Default value: {255,255,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Normals Normal vector color Default value: {255,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Text2D 2D text color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
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View.Color.Text3D 3D text color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Axes Axes color Default value: {0,0,0} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.Color.Background2D Bacground color for 2D plots Default value: {255,255,255} Saved in: General.OptionsFileName View.ColorTable Color table used to draw the view Saved in: General.OptionsFileName
Appendix C: Compiling the source code
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Appendix C Compiling the source code

Stable releases and nightly source snapshots are available from http://geuz.org/gmsh/src/. You can also access the subversion repository directly: 1. The rst time you want to download the latest full source, type: svn co https://geuz.org/svn/gmsh/trunk gmsh You will be asked to accept the security certicate and to provide your username and password. (Use gmsh/gmsh for read-only access.) 2. To update your local version to the latest and greatest, go in the gmsh directory and type: svn update 3. If you have write access, to commit your changes to the central repository, go in the gmsh directory and type: svn commit Once you have the source code, you need to run CMake to congure your build (see the README.txt le in the top-level source directory for detailed information on how to run CMake). Each build can be congured using a series of options, to selectively enable optional modules or features. Here is the list of CMake options: ENABLE_3M Enable proprietary 3M extension (default: OFF) ENABLE_ACIS Enable ACIS geometrical models (experimental) (default: ON) ENABLE_ANN Enable ANN (used for fast point search in mesh/post) (default: ON) ENABLE_BAMG Enable Bamg 2D anisotropic mesh generator (default: ON) ENABLE_BFGS Enable BFGS (used by some mesh optimizers) (default: ON) ENABLE_BLAS_LAPACK Enable BLAS/Lapack for linear algebra (required for meshing) (default: ON) ENABLE_BLOSSOM Enable Blossom algorithm (needed for full quad meshing) (default: ON) ENABLE_BUILD_LIB Enable lib target for building static Gmsh library (default: OFF) ENABLE_BUILD_SHARED Enable shared target for building shared Gmsh library (default: OFF) ENABLE_BUILD_DYNAMIC Enable dynamic Gmsh executable (linked with shared lib) (default: OFF)
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ENABLE_BUILD_ANDROID Enable Android NDK library target (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_BUILD_IOS Enable iOS (ARM) library target (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_CGNS Enable CGNS mesh export (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_CAIRO Enable Cairo to render fonts (experimental) (default: ON) ENABLE_CHACO Enable Chaco mesh partitioner (alternative to Metis) (default: ON) ENABLE_DINTEGRATION Enable discrete integration (needed for levelsets) (default: ON) ENABLE_FLTK Enable FLTK graphical user interface (requires mesh/post) (default: ON) ENABLE_FOURIER_MODEL Enable Fourier geometrical models (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_GMM Enable GMM linear solvers (simple alternative to PETSc) (default: ON) ENABLE_GRAPHICS Enable building graphics lib even without GUI (advanced) (default: OFF) ENABLE_KBIPACK Enable Kbipack (neeeded by homology solver) (default: ON) ENABLE_MATHEX Enable math expression parser (used by plugins and options) (default: ON) ENABLE_MED Enable MED mesh and post le formats (default: ON) ENABLE_MESH Enable mesh module (required by GUI) (default: ON) ENABLE_METIS Enable Metis mesh partitioner (default: ON) ENABLE_MMG3D Enable MMG3D 3D anisotropic mesh renement (default: ON) ENABLE_MPEG_ENCODE Enable built-in MPEG movie encoder (default: ON) ENABLE_MPI Enable MPI (mostly for parser and solver - mesh generation is sequential) (default: OFF) ENABLE_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME Enable static Visual C++ runtime (default: OFF)
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ENABLE_NATIVE_FILE_CHOOSER Enable native le chooser in GUI (default: ON) ENABLE_NETGEN Enable Netgen 3D frontal mesh generator (default: ON) ENABLE_OCC Enable Open CASCADE geometrical models (default: ON) ENABLE_ONELAB Enable OneLab solver interface (default: ON) ENABLE_ONELAB_METAMODEL Enable OneLab metamodels (experimental) (default: ON) ENABLE_OPENMP Enable OpenMP (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_OPTHOM Enable high-order mesh optimization tools (default: ON) ENABLE_OS_SPECIFIC_INSTALL Enable OS-specic (e.g. app bundle) installation (default: ON) ENABLE_OSMESA Enable OSMesa for oscreen rendering (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_PARSER Enable GEO le parser (required for .geo/.pos les) (default: ON) ENABLE_PETSC Enable PETSc linear solvers (required for SLEPc) (default: ON) ENABLE_PLUGINS Enable post-processing plugins (default: ON) ENABLE_POST Enable post-processing module (required by GUI) (default: ON) ENABLE_POPPLER Enable Poppler for displaying PDF documents (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_QT Enable dummy QT graphical interface proof-of-concept (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_RTREE Enable RTREE (used for quad/hex mesh generation) (default: ON) ENABLE_SALOME Enable Salome routines for CAD healing (default: ON) ENABLE_SGEOM Enable SGEOM interface to OCC (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_SLEPC Enable SLEPc eigensolvers (required for conformal compounds) (default: ON)
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ENABLE_SOLVER Enable built-in nite element solvers (required for compounds) (default: ON) ENABLE_TAUCS Enable Taucs linear solver (alternative to PETSc) (default: ON) ENABLE_TETGEN Enable Tetgen 3D initial mesh generator (default: ON) ENABLE_TETGEN_OLD Enable older version of Tetgen (default: OFF) ENABLE_VORO3D Enable Voro3D (for hex meshing, experimental) (default: ON) ENABLE_WRAP_JAVA Enable generation of Java wrappers (experimental) (default: OFF) ENABLE_WRAP_PYTHON Enable generation of Python wrappers (default: OFF)
Appendix D: Information for developers
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Appendix D Information for developers

Gmsh is written in C++, the scripting language is parsed using Lex and Yacc (actually, Flex and Bison), and the GUI relies on OpenGL for the 3D graphics and FLTK (http://www.fltk.org) for the widget set. Gmshs build system is based on CMake (http://www.cmake.org). Practical notes on how to compile Gmshs source code is provided in Appendix C [Compiling the source code], page 207 (see also Appendix E [Frequently asked questions], page 213).
D.1 Source code structure

Gmshs code is structured in several subdirectories, roughly separated between the four core modules (Geo, Mesh, Solver, Post) and associated utilities (Common, Numeric) on one hand, and the graphics (Graphics) and interface (Fltk, Parser) code on the other. The geometry and mesh modules are based on an object-oriented model class (Geo/GModel.h), built upon abstract geometrical entity classes (Geo/GVertex.h, Geo/GEdge.h, Geo/GFace.h and Geo/GRegion.h). Concrete implementations of the geometrical entity classes are provided for each supported CAD kernel (e.g. Geo/gmshVertex.h for geometry points in Gmshs native CAD format, or Geo/OCCVertex.h for geometry points from OpenCASCADE). The post-processing module is based on the concept of views (Post/PView.h) and abstract data containers (derived from Post/PViewData.h).
D.2 Coding style

If you plan to contribute code to the Gmsh project, here are some easy rules to make the code easy to read/debug/maintain: 1. Please enable full warnings for your compiler (e.g. -Wall with g++) and dont commit until there is no warning left. 2. Use memory checking tools to detect memory leaks and other nasty memory problems. For example, you can use Valgrind on Linux: valgrind --leak-check=yes --show-reachable=yes gmsh file.geo -3 GMALLOC on Mac OS X: (gdb) set env DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES /usr/lib/libgmalloc.dylib LIBNJAMD: export LD_PRELOAD=libnjamd.so kill -USR1 Purify Memprof ... 3. always use the Msg:: class to print information or errors 4. indent your les (2 spaces) and convert all tabs to spaces
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5. follow the style used in the existing code when adding something new (spaces after commas, opening braces for functions on a separate line, opening braces for loops and tests on the same line, etc.)
D.3 Adding a new option

To add a new option in Gmsh: 1. create the option in the CTX class (Common/Context.h) if its a classical option, or in the PViewOptions class (Post/PViewOptions.h) if its a post-processing viewdependent option; 2. in Common/DefaultOptions.h, give a name (for the parser to be able to access it), a reference to a handling routine (i.e. opt_XXX) and a default value for this option; 3. create the handling routine opt_XXX in Common/Options.cpp (and add the prototype in Common/Options.h); 4. optional: create the associated widget in Fltk/optionWindow.cpp;
Appendix E: Frequently asked questions
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Appendix E Frequently asked questions

E.1 The basics
1. What is Gmsh? Gmsh is an automatic three-dimensional nite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities. With Gmsh you can create or import 1D, 2D and 3D geometrical models, mesh them, launch external nite element solvers and visualize solutions. Gmsh can be used either as a stand-alone program (graphical or not) or as a C++ library. 2. What are the terms and conditions of use? Gmsh is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, with an exception to allow for easier linking with external libraries. See Appendix H [License], page 239 for more information. 3. What does Gmsh mean? Nothing... The name was derived from a previous version called msh (a shortcut for mesh), with the g prex added to dierentiate it. The default mesh le format used by Gmsh still uses the .msh extension. In English people tend to pronounce Gmsh as gee-mesh. 4. Where can I nd more information? http://geuz.org/gmsh is the primary location to obtain information about Gmsh. There you will for example nd the complete reference manual, a bug tracking database and a searchable archive of the Gmsh mailing list ([email protected]).
E.2 Installation problems

1. Which OSes does Gmsh run on? Gmsh runs on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and most Unix variants. 2. Are there additional requirements to run Gmsh? You should have the OpenGL libraries installed on your system, and in the path of the library loader. A free replacement for OpenGL can be found at http://www.mesa3d.org. 3. How do I compile Gmsh from the source code? You need cmake (http://www.cmake.org) and a C++ compiler. See Appendix C [Compiling the source code], page 207 and the README.txt le in the top-level source directory for more information. 4. Where does Gmsh save its conguration les? Gmsh will attempt to save temporary les and persistent conguration options rst in the $GMSH_HOME directory, then in $APPDATA (on Windows) or $HOME (on other OSes), then in $TMP, and nally in $TEMP, in that order. If none of these variables are dened, Gmsh will try to save/load its conguration les from the current working directory.
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E.3 General questions

1. Gmsh (from a binary distribution) complains about missing libraries. On Windows, if your system complains about missing OPENGL32.DLL or GLU32.DLL libraries, then OpenGL is not properly installed on your machine. You can download OpenGL from Microsofts web site, or directly from http://www.opengl.org. On Unix try ldd gmsh (or otool -L gmsh on Mac OS X) to check if all the required shared libraries are installed on your system. If not, install them. If it still doesnt work, recompile Gmsh from the source code. 2. Gmsh keeps re-displaying its graphics when other windows partially hide the graphical window. Disable opaque move in your window manager. 3. The graphics display very slowly. Are you are executing Gmsh from a remote host (via the network) without GLX? You should turn double buering o (with the -nodb command line option). 4. There is an ugly ghost triangulation in the vector PostScript/PDF les generated by Gmsh! No, there isnt. This ghost triangulation is due to the fact that most PostScript previewers nowadays antialias the graphic primitives when they display the page on screen. (For example, in gv, you can disable antialising with the State->Antialias menu.) You should not see this ghost triangulation in the printed output (on paper). 5. How can I save GIF, JPEG, ..., images? Just choose the appropriate format in File->Save As. By default Gmsh guesses the format from the le extension, so you can just type myfile.jpg in the dialog and Gmsh will automatically create a JPEG image le. 6. How can I save MPEG, AVI, ..., animations? You can create simple MPEG animations by choosing MPEG as the format in File>Save As: this allows you to loop over time steps or post-processing data sets, or to change parameters according to Print.Parameter. To create fully customized animations or to use dierent output formats (AVI, MP4, etc.) you should write a script. Have a look at tutorial/t8.geo or demos/anim.script for some examples. 7. Can I change values in input elds with the mouse in the GUI? Yes: dragging the mouse in a numeric input eld slides the value! The left button moves one step per pixel, the middle by 10*step, and the right button by 100*step. 8. Can I copy messages to the clipboard? Yes: selecting the content of an input eld, or lines in the message console (Tools>Message Console), copies the selected text to the clipboard.
E.4 Geometry module

1. Does Gmsh support NURBS curves/surfaces? Yes, but only via STEP, IGES or BREP model import (not in .geo les). Gmsh has to be compiled with OpenCASCADE support for this to work.
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2. Gmsh is very slow when I use many transformations (Translate, Rotate, Symmetry, Extrude, etc. ). Whats wrong? The default behavior of Gmsh is to check and suppress all duplicate entities (points, lines and surfaces) each time a transformation command is issued. This can slow down things a lot if many transformations are performed. There are two solutions to this problem: you may save the unrolled geometry in another le (e.g. with gmsh le.geo -0), and use this new le for subsequent computations; or you may set the Geometry.AutoCoherence option to 0. This will prevent any automatic duplicate check/replacement. If you still need to remove the duplicates entities, simply add Coherence; at strategic locations in your geo les (e.g. before the creation of line loops, etc.). 3. How can I display only selected parts of my model? Use Tools->Visibility. This allows you to select elementary entities and physical groups, as well as mesh elements, in a variety of ways (in a list or tree browser, by identication number, interactively, or per window). 4. Can I edit STEP/IGES/BRep models? Not yet. At the moment you can only change mesh element sizes, dene volumes and physical groups, or delete entities. The easiest way to do this is to merge the model in a .geo le using Merge "file.step"; and add the relevant scripting command after that. We plan to add more advanced editing features in the future (to delete entities, to create mixed surfaces and volumes, to export in .geo format, etc.). 5. How can I build modular geometries? Dene common geometrical objects and options in separate les, reusable in all your problem denition structures. Then Include the les in your main project le.
E.5 Mesh module
1. What should I do when the 2D unstructured algorithm fails? Verify that the curves in the model do not self-intersect. If Mesh.RandomFactor*size(triangle)/size(model) approaches machine accuracy, increase Mesh.RandomFactor. If everything fails le a bug report with the version of your operating system and the full geometry. 2. What should I do when the 3D unstructured algorithm fails? Verify that the surfaces in your model do not self-intersect or partially overlap. If they dont, try the other 3D algorithms (Tool->Options->Mesh->General->3D algorithm) or try to adapt the mesh element sizes in your input le so that the surface mesh better matches the geometrical details of the model. If nothing works, le a bug report with the version of your operating system and and the full geometry. 3. My 2D meshes of IGES les present gaps between surfaces IGES les do not contain the topology of the model, and tolerance problems can thus appear when the OpenCASCADE importer cannot identify two (close) curves as actually being identical.
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The best solution is to not use IGES and use STEP instead. If you really have to use IGES, check that you dont have duplicate curves (e.g. by displaying their numbers in the GUI with Tools->Options->Geometry->Visibility->Line numbers). If there are duplicates, try to change the geometrical tolerance and sew the faces (see options in Tools->Options->Geometry->General). 4. The quality of the elements generated by the 3D algorithm is very bad. Use Optimize quality in the mesh menu. 5. Non-recombined 3D extruded meshes sometimes fail. The swapping algorithm is not very clever at the moment. Try to change the surface mesh a bit, or recombine your mesh to generate prisms or hexahedra instead of tetrahedra. 6. Does Gmsh automatically couple unstructured tetrahedral meshes and structured hexahedral meshed using pyramids? Only in simple geometrical cases. We need your help to improve this. 7. Can I explicitly assign region numbers to extruded layers? No, this feature has been removed in Gmsh 2.0. You must use the standard entity number instead. 8. Did you remove the elliptic mesh generator in Gmsh 2.0? Yes. You can achieve the same result by using the transnite algorithm with smoothing (e.g., with Mesh.Smoothing = 10). 9. Does Gmsh support curved elements? Yes, Gmsh can generate both 1st order and 2nd order elements. To generate second order elements, click on High order in the mesh menu after the mesh is completed. To always generate 2nd order elements, select Generate second order elements in the mesh option panel. From the command line, you can also use -order 2. 10. Can I import an existing surface mesh in Gmsh and use it to build a 3D mesh? Yes, you can import a surface mesh in any one of the supported mesh le formats, dene a volume, and mesh it. For an example see demos/sphere-discrete.geo. 11. How do I dene boundary conditions or material properties in Gmsh? By design, Gmsh does not try to incorporate every possible denition of boundary conditions or material propertiesthis is a job best left to the solver. Instead, Gmsh provides a simple mechanism to tag groups of elements, and it is up to the solver to interpret these tags as boundary conditions, materials, etc. Associating tags with elements in Gmsh is done by dening Physical entities (Physical Points, Physical Lines, Physical Surfaces and Physical Volumes). See the reference manual as well as the tutorials (in particular tutorial/t1.geo) for a detailed description and some examples. 12. How can I display only the mesh associated with selected geometrical entities? See How can I display only selected parts of my model?. 13. How can I explore a mesh (for example, to see inside a complex structure)? You can use Tools->Clipping Planes to clip the region of interest. You can dene up to 6 clipping planes in Gmsh (i.e., enough to dene a cube inside your model) and each plane can clip either the geometry, the mesh, the post-processing views, or any
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combination of the above. The clipping planes are dened using the four coecients A,B,C,D of the equation A*x+B*y+C*y+D=0, which can be adjusted interactively by dragging the mouse in the input elds. 14. What is the signication of Rho, Eta and Gamma in Tools->Statistics? They measure the quality of the tetrahedra in a mesh: Gamma ~ inscribed radius / circumscribed radius Eta sum edge length^2 Rho ~ min edge length / max edge length ~ volume^(2/3) /
For the exact denitions, see Geo/MElement.cpp. The graphs plot the the number of elements vs. the quality measure. 15. Why dont the vertex and/or elememt numbers on the screen match the numbers in the mesh le? Gmsh reindexes the mesh vertices and elements so that they are numbered in a continuous sequence in the output les. The numbers displayed on screen after mesh generation thus usually dier from the ones saved in the mesh les. To check the actual numbers saved in the output le just load the mesh le back using File->Open.
E.6 Solver module

1. How do I integrate my own solver with Gmsh? Gmsh uses the ONELAB interface (http://www.onelab.info) to interact with external solvers. Have a look at the GetDP nite element solver (http://geuz.org/getdp) to see how this is done. 2. Can I launch Gmsh from my solver (instead of launching my solver from Gmsh) in order to monitor a solution? Sure. The simplest (but rather crude) approach if to re-launch Gmsh everytime you want to visualize something (a simple C program showing how to do this is given in utils/misc/callgmsh.c). A better approach is to modify your program so that it can communicate with Gmsh over a socket (see How do I integrate my own solver with Gmsh? above; you can skip the option le creation). Then select Always listen to incoming connection requests in the solver option panel (or run gmsh with the listen command line option) and Gmsh will always listen for your program on the Solver.SocketName socket.
E.7 Post-processing module

1. How do I compute a section of a plot? Use Tools->Plugins->Cut Plane. 2. Can I save an isosurface to a le? Yes: rst run Tools->Plugins->Cut Map to extract the isosurface, then use View>Save As to save the new view. 3. Can Gmsh generate isovolumes? Yes, with the CutMap plugin (set the ExtractVolume option to -1 or 1 to extract the negative or positive levelset).
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4. How do I animate my plots? If the views contain multiple time steps, you can press the play button at the bottom of the graphic window, or change the time step by hand in the view option panel. You can also use the left and right arrow keys on your keyboard to change the time step in all visible views in real time. If you want to loop through dierent views instead of time steps, you can use the Loop through views instead of time steps option in the view option panel, or use the up and down arrow keys on your keyboard. 5. How do I visualize a deformed mesh? Load a vector view containing the displacement eld, and set Vector display to Displacement in View->Options->Aspect. If the displacement is too small (or too large), you can scale it with the Displacement factor option. (Remember that you can drag the mouse in all numeric input elds to slide the value!) Another option is to use the General transformation expressions (in View->Options>Oset) on a scalar view, with the displacement map selected as the data source. 6. Can I visualize a eld on a deformed mesh? Yes, there are several ways to do that. The easiest is to load two views: the rst one containing a displacement eld (a vector view that will be used to deform the mesh), and the second one containing the eld you want to display (this view has to contain the same number of elements as the displacement view). You should then set Vector display to Displacement in the rst view, as well as set Data source to point to the second view. (You might want to make the second view invisible, too. If you want to amplify or decrease the amount of deformation, just modify the Displacement factor option.) Another solution is to use the General transformation expressions (in View->Options>Oset) on the eld you want to display, with the displacement map selected as the data source. And yet another solution is to use the Warp plugin. 7. Can I color the arrows representing a vector eld with data from a scalar eld? Yes: load both the vector and the scalar elds (the two views must have the same number of elements) and, in the vector eld options, select the scalar view in Data source. 8. Can I color isovalue surfaces with data from another scalar view? Yes, using either the CutMap plugin (with the dView option) or the Evaluate plugin. 9. Is there a way to save animations? You can save simple MPEG animations directly from the File->Save As menu. For other formats you should write a script. Have a look at tutorial/t8.geo or demos/anim.script for some examples. 10. Is there a way to visualize only certain components of vector/tensor elds? Yes, by using either the Force eld options in Tools->Options->View->Visibility, or by using Tools->Plugins->MathEval. 11. Can I do arithmetic operations on a view? Can I perform operations involving dierent views?
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Yes, with the Evaluate plugin. 12. Some plugins seem to create empty views. Whats wrong? There can be several reasons: the plugin might be written for specic element types only (for example, only for scalar triangles or tetrahedra). In that case, you should transform your view before running the plugin (you can use Plugin(DecomposeinSimplex) to transform all quads, hexas, prisms and pyramids into triangles and tetrahedra). the plugin might expect a mesh while all you provide is a point cloud. In 2D, you can use Plugin(Triangulate) to transform a point cloud into a triangulated surface. In 3D you can use Plugin(Tetrahedralize). the input parameters are out of range. In any case, you can automatically remove all empty views with View->Remove>Empty Views in the GUI, or with Delete Empty Views; in a script. 13. How can I see inside a complicated post-processing view? Use Tools->Clipping Planes. When viewing 3D scalar elds, you can also modify the colormap (Tools->Options>View->Map) to make the iso-surfaces transparent: either by holding Ctrl while dragging the mouse to draw the alpha channel by hand, or by using the a, Ctrl+a, p and Ctrl+p keyboard shortcuts. Yet another (destructive) option is to use the ExtractVolume option in the CutSphere or CutPlane plugins. 14. I am loading a valid 3D scalar view but Gmsh does not display anything! If your dataset is constant per element make sure you dont use the Iso-values interval type in Tools->Options->View->Range.
Appendix F: Version history
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Appendix F Version history

2.8.3 (Sep 27, 2013): new quick access menu and multiple view selection in GUI; enhanced animation creation; many small enhancements and bug fixes. 2.8.2 (Jul 16, 2013): improved high order tools interface; minor bug fixes. 2.8.1 (Jul 11, 2013): improved compound surfaces and transfinite arrangements. 2.8.0 (Jul 8, 2013): improved Delaunay point insertion; fixed mesh orientation of plane surfaces; fixed mesh size prescribed at embedded points; improved display of vectors at COG; new experimental text string display engines; improved fullscreen mode; access time/step in transformations; new experimental features: AdaptMesh and Surface In Volume; accept unicode file paths on Windows; compilation and bug fixes. 2.7.1 (May 11, 2013): improved Delaunay point insertion; updated onelab; better Abaqus and UNV export; small bug and compilation fixes. 2.7.0 (Mar 9, 2013): new single-window GUI, with dynamically customizable widget tree; faster STEP/BRep import; arbitrary size image export; faster 2D Delaunay/Frontal algorithms; full option viewer/editor; many bug fixes. 2.6.1 (Jul 15, 2012): minor improvements and bug fixes. 2.6.0 (Jun 19, 2012): new quadrilateral meshing algorithms (Blossom and DelQuad); new solver module based on ONELAB project (requires FLTK 1.3); new tensor field visualization modes (eigenvectors, ellipsoid, etc.); added support for interpolation schemes in .msh file; added support for MED3 format; rescale viewport around visible entities (shift+1:1 in GUI); unified post-processing field export; new experimental stereo+camera visualization mode; added experimental BAMG & MMG3D support for anisotropic mesh generation; new OCC cut & merge algorithm imported from Salome; new ability to connect extruded meshes to tetrahedral grids using pyramids; new homology solver; Abaqus (INP) mesh export; new Python and Java wrappers; bug fixes and small improvements all over the place. 2.5.0 (Oct 15, 2010): new compound geometrical entities (for remeshing and/or trans-patch meshing); improved mesh reclassification tool; new client/server visualization mode; new ability to watch a pattern of files to merge; new integrated MPEG export; new option to force the type of views dynamically; bumped mesh version format to 2.2 (small change in the meaning of the partition tags; this only affects partitioned (i.e. parallel) meshes); renamed several post-processing plugins (as well as plugin options) to make them easier to understand; many bug fixes and usability improvements all over the place. 2.4.2 (Sep 21, 2009): solver code refactoring + better IDE integration.
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2.4.1 (Sep 1, 2009): fixed surface mesh orientation bug introduced in 2.4.0; mesh and graphics code refactoring, small usability enhancements and bug fixes. 2.4.0 (Aug 22, 2009): switched build system to CMake; optionally copy transfinite mesh contraints during geometry transformations; bumped mesh version format to 2.1 (small change in the $PhysicalNames section, where the group dimension is now required); ported most plugins to the new post-processing API; switched from MathEval to MathEx and Flu_Tree_Browser to Fl_Tree; small bug fixes and improvements all over the place. 2.3.1 (Mar 18, 2009): removed GSL dependency (Gmsh now simply uses Blas and Lapack); new per-window visibility; added support for composite window printing and background images; fixed string option affectation in parser; fixed surface mesh orientation for Open CASCADE models; fixed random triangle orientations in Delaunay and Frontal algorithms. 2.3.0 (Jan 23, 2009): major graphics and GUI code refactoring; new full-quad/hexa subdivision algorithm; improved automatic transfinite corner selection (now also for volumes); improved visibility browser; new automatic adaptive visualization for high-order simplices; modified arrow size, clipping planes and transform options; many improvements and bug fixes all over the place. 2.2.6 (Nov 21, 2008): better transfinite smoothing and automatic corner selection; fixed high order meshing crashes on Windows and Linux; new uniform mesh refinement (thanks Brian!); fixed various other small bugs. 2.2.5 (Oct 25, 2008): Gmsh now requires FLTK 1.1.7 or above; various small improvements (STL and VTK mesh IO, Netgen upgrade, Visual C++ support, Fields, Mesh.{Msh,Stl,...}Binary changed to Mesh.Bindary) and bug fixes (pyramid interpolation, Chaco crashes). 2.2.4 (Aug 14, 2008): integrated Metis and Chaco mesh partitioners; variables can now be deleted in geo files; added support for point datasets in model-based postprocessing views; small bug fixes. 2.2.3 (Jul 14, 2008): enhanced clipping interface; API cleanup; fixed various bugs (Plugin(Integrate), high order meshes, surface info crash). 2.2.2 (Jun 20, 2008): added geometrical transformations on volumes; fixed bug in high order mesh generation. 2.2.1 (Jun 15, 2008): various small improvements (adaptive views, GUI, code cleanup) and bug fixes (high order meshes, Netgen interface). 2.2.0 (Apr 19, 2008): new model-based post-processing backend; added MED I/O for
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mesh and post-processing; fixed BDF vertex ordering for 2nd order elements; replaced Mesh.ConstrainedBackgroundMesh with Mesh.CharacteristicLength{FromPoints,ExtendFromBoundary}; new Fields interface; control windows are now non-modal by default; new experimental 2D frontal algorithm; fixed various bugs. 2.1.1 (Mar 1, 2008): small bug fixes (second order meshes, combine views, divide and conquer crash, ...). 2.1.0 (Feb 23, 2008): new post-processing database; complete rewrite of post-processing drawing code; improved surface mesh algorithms; improved STEP/IGES/BREP support; new 3D mesh optimization algorithm; new default native file choosers; fixed could not find extruded vertex in extrusions; many improvements and bug fixes all over the place. 2.0.8 (Jul 13, 2007): unused vertices are not saved in mesh files anymore; new plugin GUI; automatic GUI font size selection; renamed Plugin(DecomposeInSimplex) into Plugin(MakeSimplex); reintroduced enhanced Plugin(SphericalRaise); clarified meshing algo names; new option to save groups of nodes in UNV meshes; new background mesh infrastructure; many small improvements and small bug fixes. 2.0.7 (Apr 3, 2007): volumes can now be defined from external CAD surfaces; Delaunay/Tetgen algorithm is now used by default when available; re-added support for Plot3D structured mesh format; added ability to export external CAD models as GEO files (this only works for the limited set of geometrical primitives available in the GEO language, of course--so trying to convert e.g. a trimmed NURBS from a STEP file into a GEO file will fail); "lateral" entities are now added at the end of the list returned by extrusion commands; fixed various bugs. 2.0 (Feb 5, 2007): new geometry and mesh databases, with support for STEP and IGES import via Open CASCADE; complete rewrite of geometry and mesh drawing code; complete rewrite of mesh I/O layer (with new native binary MSH format and support for import/export of I-deas UNV, Nastran BDF, STL, Medit MESH and VRML 1.0 files); added support for incomplete second order elements; new 2D and 3D meshing algorithms; improved integration of Netgen and TetGen algorithms; removed anisotropic meshing algorithm (as well as attractors); removed explicit region number specification in extrusions; option changes in the graphical interface are now applied instantaneously; added support for offscreen rendering using OSMesa; added support for SVG output; added string labels for Physical entities; lots of other improvements all over the place. 1.65 (May 15, 2006): new Plugin(ExtractEdges); fixed compilation errors with gcc4.1; replaced Plugin(DisplacementRaise) and Plugin(SphericalRaise) with the more flexible Plugin(Warp); better handling of discrete curves; new Status command in parser; added option to renumber nodes in .msh files (to avoid holes
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in the numbering sequence); fixed 2 special cases in quad->prism extrusion; fixed saving of 2nd order hexas with negative volume; small bug fixes and cleanups. 1.64 (Mar 18, 2006): Windows versions do no depend on Cygwin anymore; various bug fixes and cleanups. 1.63 (Feb 01, 2006): post-processing views can now be exported as meshes; improved background mesh handling (a lot faster, and more accurate); improved support for input images; new Plugin(ExtractElements); small bug fixes and enhancements. 1.62 (Jan 15, 2006): new option to draw color gradients in the background; enhanced perspective projection mode; new "lasso" selection mode (same as "lasso" zoom, but in selection mode); new "invert selection" button in the visibility browser; new snapping grid when adding points in the GUI; nicer normal smoothing; new extrude syntax (old syntax still available, but deprecated); various small bug fixes and enhancements. 1.61 (Nov 29, 2005): added support for second order (curved) elements in post-processor; new version (1.4) of post-processing file formats; new stippling options for 2D plots; removed limit on allowed number of files on command line; all "Combine" operations are now available in the parser; changed View.ArrowLocation into View.GlyphLocation; optimized memory usage when loading many (>1000) views; optimized loading and drawing of line meshes and 2D iso views; optimized handling of meshes with large number of physical entities; optimized vertex array creation for large post-processing views on Windows/Cygwin; removed Discrete Line and Discrete Surface commands (the same functionality can now be obtained by simply loading a mesh in .msh format); fixed coloring by mesh partition; added option to light wireframe meshes and views; new "mesh statistics" export format; new full-quad recombine option; new Plugin(ModulusPhase); hexas and prisms are now always saved with positive volume; improved interactive entity selection; new experimental Tetgen integration; new experimental STL remeshing algorithm; various small bug fixes and improvements. 1.60 (Mar 15, 2005): added support for discrete curves; new Window menu on Mac OS X; generalized all octree-based plugins (CutGrid, StreamLines, Probe, etc.) to handle all element types (and not only scalar and vector triangles+tetrahedra); generalized Plugin(Evaluate), Plugin(Extract) and Plugin(Annotate); enhanced clipping plane interface; new grid/axes/rulers for 3D post-processing views (renamed the AbscissaName, NbAbscissa and AbscissaFormat options to more general names in the process); better automatic positioning of 2D graphs; new manipulator dialog to specify rotations, translations and scalings "by hand"; various small enhancements and bug fixes. 1.59 (Feb 06, 2005): added support for discrete (triangulated) surfaces, either
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in STL format or with the new "Discrete Surface" command; added STL and Text output format for post-processing views and STL output format for surface meshes; all levelset-based plugins can now also compute isovolumes; generalized Plugin(Evaluate) to handle external view data (based on the same or on a different mesh); generalized Plugin(CutGrid); new plugins (Eigenvalues, Gradient, Curl, Divergence); changed default colormap to match Matlabs "Jet" colormap; new transformation matrix option for views (for non-destructive rotations, symmetries, etc.); improved solver interface to keep the GUI responsive during solver calls; new C++ and Python solver examples; simplified Tools->Visibility GUI; transfinite lines with "Progression" now allow negative line numbers to reverse the progression; added ability to retrieve Gmshs version number in the parser (to help write backward compatible scripts); fixed white space in unv mesh output; fixed various small bugs. 1.58 (Jan 01, 2005): fixed UNIX socket interface on Windows (broken by the TCP solver patch in 1.57); bumped version number of default post-processing file formats to 1.3 (the only small modification is the handling of the end-of-string character for text2d and text3d objects in the ASCII format); new File->Rename menu; new colormaps+improved colormap handling; new color+min/max options in views; new GetValue() function to ask for values interactively in scripts; generalized For/EndFor loops in parser; new plugins (Annotate, Remove, Probe); new text attributes in views; renamed some shortcuts; fixed TeX output for large scenes; new option dialogs for various output formats; fixed many small memory leaks in parser; many small enhancements to polish the graphics and the user interface. 1.57 (Dec 23, 2004): generalized displacement maps to display arbitrary view types; the arrows representing a vector field can now also be colored by the values from other scalar, vector or tensor fields; new adaptive high order visualization mode; new options (Solver.SocketCommand, Solver.NameCommand, View.ArrowSizeProportional, View.Normals, View.Tangents and General.ClipFactor); fixed display of undesired solver plugin popups; enhanced interactive plugin behavior; new plugins (HarmonicToTime, Integrate, Eigenvectors); tetrahedral mesh file reading speedup (50% faster on large meshes); large memory footprint reduction (up to 50%) for the visualization of triangular/tetrahedral meshes; the solver interface now supports TCP/IP connections; new generalized raise mode (allows to use complex expressions to offset post-processing maps); upgraded Netgen kernel to version 4.4; new optional TIME list in parsed views to specify the values of the time steps; several bug fixes in the Elliptic mesh algorithm; various other small bug fixes and enhancements. 1.56 (Oct 17, 2004): new post-processing option to draw a scalar view raised by a displacement view without using Plugin(DisplacementRaise) (makes drawing arbitrary scalar fields on deformed meshes much easier); better post-processing menu (arbitrary number of views+scrollable+show view number); improved view->combine; new horizontal post-processing scales; new option to draw the mesh nodes per element; views can now also be saved in "parsed" format; fixed
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various path problems on Windows; small bug fixes. 1.55 (Aug 21, 2004): added background mesh support for Triangle; meshes can now be displayed using "smoothed" normals (like post-processing views); added GUI for clipping planes; new interactive clipping/cutting plane definition; reorganized the Options GUI; enhanced 3D iso computation; enhanced lighting; many small bug fixes. 1.54 (Jul 03, 2004): integrated Netgen (3D mesh quality optimization + alternative 3D algorithm); Extrude Surface now always automatically creates a new volume (in the same way Extrude Point or Extrude Line create new lines and surfaces, respectively); fixed UNV output; made the "Layers" region numbering consistent between lines, surfaces and volumes; fixed home directory problem on Win98; new Plugin(CutParametric); the default project file is now created in the home directory if no current directory is defined (e.g., when double-clicking on the icon on Windows/Mac); fixed the discrepancy between the orientation of geometrical surfaces and the associated surface meshes; added automatic orientation of surfaces in surface loops; generalized Plugin(Triangulate) to handle vector and tensor views; much nicer display of discrete iso-surfaces and custom ranges using smooth normals; small bug fixes and cleanups. 1.53 (Jun 04, 2004): completed support for second order elements in the mesh module (line, triangles, quadrangles, tetrahedra, hexahedra, prisms and pyramids); various background mesh fixes and enhancements; major performance improvements in mesh and post-processing drawing routines (OpenGL vertex arrays for tri/quads); new Plugin(Evaluate) to evaluate arbitrary expressions on post-processing views; generalized Plugin(Extract) to handle any combination of components; generalized "Coherence" to handle transfinite surface/volume attributes; plugin options can now be set in the option file (like all other options); added "undo" capability during geometry creation; rewrote the contour guessing routines so that entities can be selected in an arbitrary order; Mac users can now double click on geo/msh/pos files in the Finder to launch Gmsh; removed support for FLTK 1.0; rewrote most of the code related to quadrangles; fixed 2d elliptic algorithm; removed all OpenGL display list code and options; fixed light positioning; new BoundingBox command to set the bounding box explicitly; added support for inexpensive "fake" transparency mode; many code cleanups. 1.52 (May 06, 2004): new raster ("bitmap") PostScript/EPS/PDF output formats; new Plugin(Extract) to extract a given component from a post-processing view; new Plugin(CutGrid) and Plugin(StreamLines); improved mesh projection on non-planar surfaces; added support for second order tetrahedral elements; added interactive control of element order; refined mesh entity drawing selection (and renamed most of the corresponding options); enhanced log scale in post-processing; better font selection; simplified View.Raise{X,Y,Z} by removing the scaling; various bug fixes (default postscript printing mode, drawing of 3D arrows/cylinders on Linux, default home directory on Windows, default initial
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file browser directory, extrusion of points with non-normalized axes of rotation, computation of the scene bounding box in scripts, + the usual documentation updates). 1.51 (Feb 29, 2004): initial support for visualizing mesh partitions; integrated version 2.0 of the MSH mesh file format; new option to compute post-processing ranges (min/max) per time step; Multiple views can now be combined into multi time step ones (e.g. for programs that generate data one time step at a time); new syntax: #var[] returns the size of the list var[]; enhanced "gmsh -convert"; temporary and error files are now created in the home directory to avoid file permission issues; new 3D arrows; better lighting support; STL facets can now be converted into individual geometrical surfaces; many other small improvements and bug fixes (multi timestep tensors, color by physical entity, parser cleanup, etc.). 1.50 (Dec 06, 2003): small changes to the visibility browser + made visibility scriptable (new Show/Hide commands); fixed (rare) crash when deleting views; split File->Open into File->Open and File->New to behave like most other programs; Mac versions now use the system menu bar by default (if possible); fixed bug leading to degenerate and/or duplicate tetrahedra in extruded meshes; fixed crash when reloading sms meshes. 1.49 (Nov 30, 2003): made Merge, Save and Print behave like Include (i.e., open files in the same directory as the main project file if the path is relative); new Plugin(DecomposeInSimplex); new option View.AlphaChannel to set the transparency factor globally for a post-processing view; new "Combine Views" command; various bug fixes and cleanups. 1.48 (Nov 23, 2003): new DisplacementRaise plugin to plot arbitrary fields on deformed meshes; generalized CutMap, CutPlane, CutSphere and Skin plugins to handle all kinds of elements and fields; new "Save View[n]" command to save views from a script; many small bug fixes (configure tests for libpng, handling of erroneous options, multi time step scalar prism drawings, copy of surface mesh attributes, etc.). 1.47 (Nov 12, 2003): fixed extrusion of surfaces defined by only two curves; new syntax to retrieve point coordinates and indices of entities created through geometrical transformations; new PDF and compressed PostScript output formats; fixed numbering of elements created with "Extrude Point/Line"; use $GMSH_HOME as home directory if defined. 1.46 (Aug 23, 2003): fixed crash for very long command lines; new options for setting the displacement factor and Triangles parameters + renamed a couple of options to more sensible names (View.VectorType, View.ArrowSize); various small bug fixes; documentation update. 1.45 (Jun 14, 2003): small bug fixes (min/max computation for tensor views,
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missing physical points in read mesh, "jumping" geometry during interactive manipulation of large models, etc.); variable definition speedup; restored support for second order elements in one- and two-dimensional meshes; documentation updates. 1.44 (Apr 21, 2003): new reference manual; added support for PNG output; fixed small configure script bugs. 1.43 (Mar 28, 2003): fixed solver interface problem on Mac OS X; new option to specify the interactive rotation center (default is now the pseudo "center of gravity" of the object, instead of (0,0,0)). 1.42 (Mar 19, 2003): suppressed the automatic addition of a ".geo" extension if the file given on the command line is not recognized; added missing Layer option for Extrude Point; fixed various small bugs. 1.41 (Mar 04, 2003): Gmsh is now licensed under the GNU General Public License; general code cleanup (indent). 1.40 (Feb 26, 2003): various small bug fixes (mainly GSL-related). 1.39 (Feb 23, 2003): removed all non-free routines; more build system work; implemented Von-Mises tensor display for all element types; fixed small GUI bugs. 1.38 (Feb 17, 2003): fixed custom range selection for 3D iso graphs; new build system based on autoconf; new image reading code to import bitmaps as post-processing views. 1.37 (Jan 25, 2003): generalized smoothing and cuts of post-processing views; better Windows integration (solvers, external editors, etc.); small bug fixes. 1.36 (Nov 20, 2002): enhanced view duplication (one can now use "Duplicata View[num]" in the input file); merged all option dialogs in a new general option window; enhanced discoverability of the view option menus; new 3D point and line display; many small bug fixes and enhancements ("Print" format in parser, post-processing statistics, smooth normals, save window positions, restore default options, etc.). 1.35 (Sep 11, 2002): graphical user interface upgraded to FLTK 1.1 (tooltips, new file chooser with multiple selection, full keyboard navigation, cut/paste of messages, etc.); colors can be now be directly assigned to mesh entities; initial tensor visualization; new keyboard animation (right/left arrow for time steps; up/down arrow for view cycling); new VRML output format for surface meshes; new plugin for spherical elevation plots; new post-processing file format (version 1.2) supporting quadrangles, hexahedra, prisms and pyramids; transparency is now enabled by default for post-processing plots; many small bug
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fixes (read mesh, ...). 1.34 (Feb 18, 2002): improved surface mesh of non-plane surfaces; fixed orientation of elements in 2D anisotropic algorithm; minor user interface polish and additions (mostly in post-processing options); various small bug fixes. 1.33 (Jan 24, 2002): new parameterizable solver interface (allowing up to 5 user-defined solvers); enhanced 2D aniso algorithm; 3D initial mesh speedup. 1.32 (Oct 04, 2001): new visibility browser; better floating point exception checks; fixed infinite looping when merging meshes in project files; various small clean ups (degenerate 2D extrusion, view->reload, ...). 1.31 (Nov 30, 2001): corrected ellipses; PostScript output update (better shading, new combined PS/LaTeX output format); more interface polish; fixed extra memory allocation in 2D meshes; Physical Volume handling in unv format; various small fixes. 1.30 (Nov 16, 2001): interface polish; fix crash when extruding quadrangles. 1.29 (Nov 12, 2001): translations and rotations can now be combined in extrusions; fixed coherence bug in Extrude Line; various small bug fixes and additions. 1.28 (Oct 30, 2001): corrected the Using Progression attribute for tranfinite meshes to actually match a real geometric progression; new Triangulate plugin; new 2D graphs (space+time charts); better performance of geometrical transformations (warning: the numbering of some automatically created entities has changed); new text primitives in post-processing views (file format updated to version 1.1); more robust mean plane computation and error checks; various other small additions and clean-ups. 1.27 (Oct 05, 2001): added ability to extrude curves with Layers/Recombine attributes; new PointSize/LineWidth options; fixed For/EndFor loops in included files; fixed error messages (line numbers+file names) in loops and functions; made the automatic removal of duplicate geometrical entities optional (Geometry.AutoCoherence=0); various other small bug fixes and clean-ups. 1.26 (Sep 06, 2001): enhanced 2D anisotropic mesh generator (metric intersections); fixed small bug in 3D initial mesh; added alternative syntax for built-in functions (for GetDP compatibility); added line element display; Gmsh now saves all the elements in the mesh if no physical groups are defined (or if Mesh.SaveAll=1). 1.25 (Sep 01, 2001): fixed bug with mixed recombined/non-recombined extruded meshes; Linux versions are now build with no optimization, due to bugs in gcc 2.95.X.
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1.24 (Aug 30, 2001): fixed characteristic length interpolation for Splines; fixed edge swapping bug in 3D initial mesh; fixed degenerated case in geometrical extrusion (ruled surface with 3 borders); fixed generation of degenerated hexahedra and prisms for recombined+extruded meshes; added BSplines creation in the GUI; integrated Jonathan Shewchuks Triangle as an alternative isotropic 2D mesh generator; added AngleSmoothNormals to control sharp edge display with smoothed normals; fixed random crash for lighted 3D iso surfaces. 1.23 (Aug, 2001): fixed duplicate elements generation + non-matching tetrahedra faces in 3D extruded meshes; better display of displacement maps; fixed interactive ellipsis construction; generalized boundary operator; added new explode option for post-processing views; enhanced link view behavior (to update only the changed items); added new default plugins: Skin, Transform, Smooth; fixed various other small bugs (mostly in the post-processing module and for extruded meshes). 1.22 (Aug 03, 2001): fixed (yet another) bug for 2D mesh in the mean plane; fixed surface coherence bug in extruded meshes; new double logarithmic scale, saturate value and smoothed normals option for post-processing views; plugins are now enabled by default; three new experimental statically linked plugins: CutMap (extracts a given iso surface from a 3D scalar map), CutPlane (cuts a 3D scalar map with a plane section), CutSphere (cuts a 3D scalar map with a sphere); various other bug fixes, additions and clean-ups. 1.21 (Jul 25, 2001): fixed more memory leaks; added -opt command line option to parse definitions directly from the command line; fixed missing screen refreshes during contour/surface/volume selection; enhanced string manipulation functions (Sprintf, StrCat, StrPrefix); many other small fixes and clean-ups. 1.20 (Jun 14, 2001): fixed various bugs (memory leaks, functions in included files, solver command selection, ColorTable option, duplicate nodes in extruded meshes (not finished yet), infinite loop on empty views, orientation of recombined quadrangles, ...); reorganized the interface menus; added constrained background mesh and mesh visibility options; added mesh quality histograms; changed default mesh colors; reintegrated the old command-line extrusion mesh generator. 1.19 (May 07, 2001): fixed seg. fault for scalar simplex post-processing; new Solver menu; interface for GetDP solver through sockets; fixed multiple scale alignment; added some options + full option descriptions. 1.18 (Apr 26, 2001): fixed many small bugs and incoherences in post-processing; fixed broken background mesh in 1D mesh generation. 1.17 (Apr 17, 2001): corrected physical points saving; fixed parsing of DOS files (carriage return problems); easier geometrical selections (cursor change);
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plugin manager; enhanced variable arrays (sublist selection and affectation); line loop check; New arrow display; reduced number of fatal errors + better handling in interactive mode; fixed bug when opening meshes; enhanced File->Open behavior for meshes and post-processing views. 1.16 (Feb 26, 2001): added single/double buffer selection (only useful for Unix versions of Gmsh run from remote hosts without GLX); fixed a bug for recent versions of the opengl32.dll on Windows, which caused OpenGL fonts not to show up. 1.15 (Feb 23, 2001): added automatic visibility setting during entity selection; corrected geometrical extrusion bug. 1.14 (Feb 17, 2001): corrected a few bugs in the GUI (most of them were introduced in 1.13); added interactive color selection; made the option database bidirectional (i.e. scripts now correctly update the GUI); default options can now be saved and automatically reloaded at startup; made some changes to the scripting syntax (PostProcessing.View[n] becomes View[n]; Offset0 becomes OffsetX, etc.); corrected the handling of simple triangular surfaces with large characteristic lengths in the 2D isotropic algorithm; added an ASCII to binary post-processing view converter. 1.13 (Feb 09, 2001): added support for JPEG output on Windows. 1.12: corrected vector lines in the post-processing parsed format; corrected animation on Windows; corrected file creation in scripts on Windows; direct affectation of variable arrays. 1.11 (Feb 07, 2001): corrected included file loading problem. 1.10 (Feb 04, 2001): switched from Motif to FLTK for the GUI. Many small tweaks. 1.00 (Jan 15, 2001): added PPM and YUV output; corrected nested If/Endif; Corrected several bugs for pixel output and enhanced GIF output (dithering, transparency); slightly changed the post-processing file format to allow both single and double precision numbers. 0.999 (Dec 20, 2000): added JPEG output and easy MPEG generation (see t8.geo in the tutorial); clean up of export functions; small fixes; Linux versions are now compiled with gcc 2.95.2, which should fix the problems encountered with Mandrake 7.2. 0.998 (Dec 19, 2000): corrected bug introduced in 0.997 in the generation of the initial 3D mesh. 0.997 (Dec 14, 2000): corrected bug in interactive surface/volume selection; Added interactive symmetry; corrected geometrical extrusion with rotation in
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degenerated or partially degenerated cases; corrected bug in 2D mesh when meshing in the mean plane. 0.996: arrays of variables; enhanced Printf and Sprintf; Simplified options (suppression of option arrays). 0.995 (Dec 11, 2000): totally rewritten geometrical database (performance has been drastically improved for all geometrical transformations, and most notably for extrusion). As a consequence, the internal numbering of geometrical entities has changed: this will cause incompatibilities with old .geo files, and will require a partial rewrite of your old .geo files if these files made use of geometrical transformations. The syntax of the .geo file has also been clarified. Many additions for scripting purposes. New extrusion mesh generator. Preliminary version of the coupling between extruded and Delaunay meshes. New option and procedural database. All interactive operations can be scripted in the input files. See the last example in the tutorial for an example. Many stability enhancements in the 2D and 3D mesh algorithms. Performance boost of the 3D algorithm. Gmsh is still slow, but the performance becomes acceptable. An average 1000 tetrahedra/second is obtained on a 600Mhz computer for a mesh of one million tetrahedra. New anisotropic 2D mesh algorithm. New (ASCII and binary) post-processing file format and clarified mesh file format. New handling for interactive rotations (trackball mode). New didactic interactive mesh construction (watch the Delaunay algorithm in real time on complex geometries: thats exciting ;-). And many, many bug fixes and cleanups. 0.992 (Nov 13, 2000): corrected recombined extrusion; corrected ellipses; added simple automatic animation of post-processing maps; fixed various bugs. 0.991 (Oct 24, 2000): fixed a serious allocation bug in 2D algorithm, which caused random crashes. All users should upgrade to 0.991. 0.990: bug fix in non-recombined 3D transfinite meshes. 0.989 (Sep 01, 2000): added ability to reload previously saved meshes; some new command line options; reorganization of the scale menu; GIF output. 0.987: fixed bug with smoothing (leading to the possible generation of erroneous 3d meshes); corrected bug for mixed 3D meshes; moved the toggle view link option to Opt->Postprocessing_Options. 0.986: fixed overlay problems; SGI version should now also run on 32 bits machines; fixed small 3d mesh bug. 0.985: corrected colormap bug on HP, SUN, SGI and IBM versions; corrected small initialization bug in postscript output.
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0.984: corrected bug in display lists; added some options in Opt->General. 0.983: corrected some seg. faults in interactive mode; corrected bug in rotations; changed default window sizes for better match with 1024x768 screens (default X resources can be changed: see ex03.geo). 0.982: lighting for mesh and post-processing; corrected 2nd order mesh on non plane surfaces; added example 13.
Appendix G: Copyright and credits
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Appendix G Copyright and credits

Gmsh is copyright (C) 1997-2013 Christophe Geuzaine <cgeuzaine at ulg.ac.be> and Jean-Francois Remacle <jean-francois.remacle at uclouvain.be> Code contributions to Gmsh have been provided by David Colignon (colormaps), Emilie Marchandise (compound geometrical entities), Gaetan Bricteux (Gauss integration and levelsets), Jacques Lechelle (DIFFPACK mesh format), Jonathan Lambrechts (fields, solver), Jozef Vesely (help with Tetgen integration), Koen Hillewaert (high order elements), Laurent Stainier (eigenvalue solvers, tensor display and MacOS bits), Marc Ume (original list code), Mark van Doesburg (Open CASCADE face connection), Matt Gundry (Plot3d mesh format), Matti Pellikka (Cell complex and Homology solver), Nicolas Tardieu (help with Netgen integration), Pascale Noyret (MED mesh format), Pierre Badel (root finding and minimization), Ruth Sabariego (pyramids), Stephen Guzik (CGNS and partitioners), Bastien Gorissen (parallel remote post-processing), Eric Bechet (solver), Gilles Marckmann (camera and stero mode), Ashish Negi (Salome/Netgen CAD healing), Trevor Strickler (structured/unstructured coupling with pyramids), Amaury Johnen (Bezier), Benjamin Ruard (Java wrappers). See comments in the sources for more information. If we forgot to list your contributions please send us an email! The AVL tree code (Common/avl.*) and the YUV image code (Graphics/gl2yuv.*) are copyright (C) 1988-1993, 1995 The Regents of the University of California. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of the University of California not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. The University of California makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. The trackball code (Graphics/Trackball.*) is copyright (C) 1993, 1994, Silicon Graphics, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
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prior permission. The GIF and PPM routines (Graphics/gl2gif.cpp) are based on code copyright (C) 1989, 1991, Jef Poskanzer. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. The colorbar widget (Fltk/Colorbar_Window.cpp) was inspired by code from the Vis5d program for visualizing five dimensional gridded data sets, copyright (C) 1990-1995, Bill Hibbard, Brian Paul, Dave Santek, and Andre Battaiola. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/ANN subdirectory) copyright (C) 1997-2005 University of Maryland and Sunil Arya and David Mount: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/Chaco subdirectory) written by Bruce Hendrickson and Robert Leland at Sandia National Laboratories under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC04-76DP00789 and is copyrighted by Sandia Corporation: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/gmm subdirectory) copyright (C) 2002-2008 Yves Renard: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/kbipack subdirectory) copyright (C) 2005 Saku Suuriniemi: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/MathEx subdirectory) based in part on the work of the SSCILIB Library, copyright (C) 2000-2003 Sadao Massago: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/Metis subdirectory) written by George Karypis (karypis at cs.umn.edu), copyright (C) 1998 Regents of the University of Minnesota: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/mpeg_encode subdirectory) copyright (c) 1995 The Regents of the University of California: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/Netgen subdirectory) copyright (C) 1994-2004 Joachim Sch"oberl: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/Tetgen subdirectory) copyright (C) 2002-2007 Hang Si: check the configuration options.
Appendix G: Copyright and credits
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This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/Salome subdirectory) copyright (C) 2003 OPEN CASCADE, EADS/CCR, LIP6, CEA/DEN, CEDRAT, EDF R& D, LEG, PRINCIPIA R& D, BUREAU VERITAS: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/bamg subdirectory) from Freefem++ copyright (C) Frederic Hecht: check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/lbfgs subdirectory) (C) Sergey Bochkanov (ALGLIB project): check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/mmg3d subdirectory) from MMG3D Version 4.0 (C) 2004-2011 Cecile Dobrzynski and Pascal Frey (IPB - UPMC INRIA): check the configuration options. This version of Gmsh may contain code (in the contrib/Blossom subdirectory) copyright (C) 1995-1997 Bill Cook et al.: check the configuration options. Special thanks to Bill Spitzak, Michael Sweet, Matthias Melcher, Greg Ercolano and others for the Fast Light Tool Kit on which Gmshs GUI is based. See http://www.fltk.org for more info on this excellent object-oriented, cross-platform toolkit. Special thanks also to EDF for funding the Open CASCADE and MED integration. Thanks to the following folks who have contributed by providing fresh ideas on theoretical or programming topics, who have sent patches, requests for changes or improvements, or who gave us access to exotic machines for testing Gmsh: Juan Abanto, Olivier Adam, Guillaume Alleon, Laurent Champaney, Pascal Dupuis, Patrick Dular, Philippe Geuzaine, Johan Gyselinck, Francois Henrotte, Benoit Meys, Nicolas Moes, Osamu Nakamura, Chad Schmutzer, Jean-Luc Flejou, Xavier Dardenne, Christophe Prudhomme, Sebastien Clerc, Jose Miguel Pasini, Philippe Lussou, Jacques Kools, Bayram Yenikaya, Peter Hornby, Krishna Mohan Gundu, Christopher Stott, Timmy Schumacher, Carl Osterwisch, Bruno Frackowiak, Philip Kelleners, Romuald Conty, Renaud Sizaire, Michel Benhamou, Tom De Vuyst, Kris Van den Abeele, Simon Vun, Simon Corbin, Thomas De-Soza, Marcus Drosson, Antoine Dechaume, Jose Paulo Moitinho de Almeida, Thomas Pinchard, Corrado Chisari, Axel Hackbarth, Peter Wainwright, Jiri Hnidek, Thierry Thomas, Konstantinos Poulios, Laurent Van Miegroet, Shahrokh Ghavamian, Geordie McBain, Jose Paulo Moitinho de Almeida, Guillaume Demesy, Wendy Merks-Swolfs.
Appendix H: License
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Appendix H License
Gmsh is provided under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), Version 2 or later, with the following exception: The copyright holders of Gmsh give you permission to combine Gmsh with code included in the standard release of TetGen (from Hang Si), Netgen (from Joachim Sch"oberl), Chaco (from Bruce Hendrickson and Robert Leland at Sandia National Laboratories), METIS (from George Karypis at the University of Minnesota) and OpenCASCADE (from Open CASCADE S.A.S) under their respective licenses. You may copy and distribute such a system following the terms of the GNU GPL for Gmsh and the licenses of the other code concerned, provided that you include the source code of that other code when and as the GNU GPL requires distribution of source code. Note that people who make modified versions of Gmsh are not obligated to grant this special exception for their modified versions; it is their choice whether to do so. The GNU General Public License gives permission to release a modified version without this exception; this exception also makes it possible to release a modified version which carries forward this exception. End of exception. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundations software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each authors protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors reputations. Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyones free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
Appendix H: License
241
the term "modification".)
Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Programs source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. b) You must cause any work that whole or in part contains or is part thereof, to be licensed as parties under the terms of this you distribute or publish, that in derived from the Program or any a whole at no charge to all third License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
Appendix H: License
243
itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
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any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
Appendix H: License
245
NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the to attach them to the start of each source file convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the program. It is safest to most effectively should have at least full notice is found.
<one line to give the programs name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type show w. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type show c for details. The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than show w and show c; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program Gnomovision (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.
Concept index
247
Concept index
2
2D plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Expressions, aectation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Expressions, character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Expressions, color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Expressions, denition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Expressions, oating point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Expressions, identiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Expressions, lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Extrusion, geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Extrusion, mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3
3D plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
A
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Authors, e-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
F B
Background mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Binary operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Bindings, keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Bindings, mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Bugs, reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 FAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 File format, mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 File formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 File, comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Floating point numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Frequently asked questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Functions, built-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Functions, user-dened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
C
Changelog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Characteristic lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Command-line options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Commands, general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Commands, geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Commands, mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Commands, post-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Concepts, index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Conditionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Contributors, list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 235 Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
G
General commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry, extrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry, module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry, options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry, transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 31 35 31 37 36 63
H
History, versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
I
Index, concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Index, syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Interactive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Internet address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
D
Developer, information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Document syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
K E
E-mail, authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Elementary lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Elementary points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Elementary surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Elementary volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Evaluation order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Keyboard, shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Keywords, index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
L
License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 239 Lines, elementary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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Lines, physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Post-processing, options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Precedence, operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Programming, notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
M
Mailing list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Mesh commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Mesh, background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Mesh, element size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Mesh, extrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Mesh, le format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Mesh, module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Mesh, options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Mesh, transnite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Module, geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Module, Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Module, Post-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Module, Solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Mouse, actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 MSH le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Q
Questions, frequently asked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
R
Real numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Reporting bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Rules, syntactic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Running Gmsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
S
Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Shortcuts, keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Size, elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Solver commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Solver, module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Surfaces, elementary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Surfaces, physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Syntax, index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Syntax, rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
N
Nodes, ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Non-interactive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Numbers, real . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
O
Operating system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Operator precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Operators, denition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Options, command-line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Options, geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 61 Options, mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Options, post-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Order, evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
T
Ternary operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Transnite, mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Transformations, geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
U P
Physical lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physical points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physical surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physical volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plugins, post-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Points, elementary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Points, physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post-processing commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post-processing plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post-processing, module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 31 33 34 63 67 31 31 64 67 63 Unary operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
V
Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Volumes, elementary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Volumes, physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
W
Web site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Syntax index
249
Syntax index
!
! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 != . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 -ho_[min,max,nlayers] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -ignorePartBound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -link int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -listen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -mpass int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -nodb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -nopopup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -numsubedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -o file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -optimize[_netgen] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -optimize_ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -optimize_lloyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -option file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -order int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -parametric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -part int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -partWeight tri|quad|tet|prism|hex int . . . . -pid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -rand float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -refine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -saveall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -smooth int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -smoothRatio float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -stereo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -string "string" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -swapangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -theme string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -tol float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -v int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -watch pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 14 15 14 14 12 14 14 14 14 14 15 14 12 14 13 13 13 15 13 13 12 13 14 13 12 13 13 13 14 15 13 14 12 14 15 14
%
% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
&
&& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
(
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
*
* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 *= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
+
+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 ++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 += . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
-.............................................. -, -parse_and_exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1, -2, -3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -a, -g, -m, -s, -p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -algo string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -anisoMax float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -bgm file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -clcurv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -clmax float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -clmin float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -clscale float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -combine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -convert files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -display string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -epslc1d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -fontsize int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -format string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -gamepad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 14 22 26 12 12 14 13 13 13 12 14 14 13 13 13 13 14 15 14 13 14 12 14 15
/
/.............................................. /*, */ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . // . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 19 19 26
:
: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
<
< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
250
Gmsh 2.8
< Recursive > Color color-expression { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 < Recursive > Hide { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } . . . 37, 59 < Recursive > Show { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } . . . 37, 59 <= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
BSpline ( expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 build-in-function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
C
Call string ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 CatmullRom ( expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Ceil ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Centerline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 char-option = char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Characteristic Length { expression-list } = expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Circle ( expression ) = { expression, expression, expression }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Coherence Mesh; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Coherence; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Cohomology ( { expression-list } ) { { expression-list } , { expression-list } }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 color-option = color-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Combine ElementsByViewName; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Combine ElementsFromAllViews | Combine Views; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Combine ElementsFromVisibleViews; . . . . . . . . . . 64 Combine TimeStepsByViewName | Combine TimeSteps; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Combine TimeStepsFromAllViews; . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Combine TimeStepsFromVisibleViews; . . . . . . . . 64 CombinedBoundary { transform-list } . . . . . . . . 36 Compound Line ( expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Compound Surface ( expression ) = { expression-list } < Boundary { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, { expression-list }, { expression-list } } > ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Compound Volume ( expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Cos ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Cosh ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Cpu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Curvature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
=
= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 == . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
>
> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 >= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
?
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
^
^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
|
|| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
A
Abort; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Acos ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 AdaptMesh { expression-list } { expression-list } { { expression-list < , ... > } }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Alias View[expression ]; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 AliasWithOptions View[expression ]; . . . . . . . . 64 Asin ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Atan ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Atan2 ( expression, expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Attractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 AttractorAnisoCurve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
B
Background Field = expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Background Mesh View[expression ]; . . . . . . . . . . Boundary { transform-list } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BoundaryLayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BoundingBox { expression, expression, expression, expression, expression, expression }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BoundingBox; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 65 36 44
D
Delete { Point | Line | Surface | Volume { expression-list }; ... } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delete Empty Views; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delete Model; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delete Options; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delete Physicals; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delete string ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delete Variables; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delete View[expression ]; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 65 29 29 29 29 29 64
29 29 45
Syntax index
251
Dilate { { expression-list }, expression } { transform-list } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Draw; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
E
Ellipse ( expression ) = { expression, expression, expression, expression }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 ENABLE_3M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_ACIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_ANN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_BAMG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_BFGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_BLAS_LAPACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_BLOSSOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_BUILD_ANDROID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_BUILD_DYNAMIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_BUILD_IOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_BUILD_LIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_BUILD_SHARED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ENABLE_CAIRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_CGNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_CHACO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_DINTEGRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_FLTK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_FOURIER_MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_GMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_GRAPHICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_KBIPACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_MATHEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_MED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_MESH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_METIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_MMG3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_MPEG_ENCODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_MPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_MSVC_STATIC_RUNTIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 ENABLE_NATIVE_FILE_CHOOSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_NETGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_OCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_ONELAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_ONELAB_METAMODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_OPENMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_OPTHOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_OS_SPECIFIC_INSTALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_OSMESA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_PARSER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_PETSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_PLUGINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_POPPLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_QT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_RTREE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_SALOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_SGEOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_SLEPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 ENABLE_SOLVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
ENABLE_TAUCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 ENABLE_TETGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 ENABLE_TETGEN_OLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 ENABLE_VORO3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 ENABLE_WRAP_JAVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 ENABLE_WRAP_PYTHON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 EndFor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 EndIf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Error ( char-expression <, expression-list > ); . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Exit; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Exp ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 extrude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Extrude { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { extrude-list } . . . . . . . . . . 35 Extrude { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { extrude-list layers } . . 57 Extrude { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { extrude-list } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Extrude { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { extrude-list layers } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Extrude { expression-list } { extrude-list } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Extrude { expression-list } { extrude-list layers } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Extrude { Surface { expression-list }; layers < Using Index[expr ]; > < Using View[expr ]; > < ScaleLastLayer; > } . . . . 57
F
Fabs ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Field[expression ] = string ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Field[expression ].string = char-expression | expression | expression-list ; . . . . . . . . . . 42 Floor ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Fmod ( expression, expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 For ( expression : expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 For ( expression : expression : expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 For string In { expression : expression : expression } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 For string In { expression : expression } . . 25 Frustum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Function string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
G
General.AlphaBlending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Antialiasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ArrowHeadRadius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ArrowStemLength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ArrowStemRadius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 138 138 138 138 138
252
Gmsh 2.8
General.AxesAutoPosition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesForceValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesFormatX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesFormatY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesFormatZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesLabelX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesLabelY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesLabelZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesMaxX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesMaxY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesMaxZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesMikado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesMinX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesMinY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesMinZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesTicsX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesTicsY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesTicsZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesValueMaxX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesValueMaxY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesValueMaxZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesValueMinX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesValueMinY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.AxesValueMinZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.BackgroundGradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.BackgroundImageFileName . . . . . . . . . . General.BackgroundImagePositionX . . . . . . . . . General.BackgroundImagePositionY . . . . . . . . . General.Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.CameraAperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.CameraEyeSeparationRatio . . . . . . . . . General.CameraFocalLengthRatio . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip0A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip0B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip0C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip0D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip1A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip1B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip1C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip1D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip2C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip3A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip3B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip3C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip4A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip4B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip4C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip4D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip5A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip5B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip5C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Clip5D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ClipFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ClipOnlyDrawIntersectingVolume . .
138 138 135 135 135 135 135 135 138 138 139 138 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 139 140 140 140 140 136 140 140 140 140 140 140 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 141 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 142 143 143 143 143 143 143
General.ClipOnlyVolume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ClipPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ClipPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ClipWholeElements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Color.AmbientLight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Color.Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Color.Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Color.BackgroundGradient . . . . . . . . . General.Color.DiffuseLight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Color.Foreground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Color.SmallAxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Color.SpecularLight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Color.Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ColorScheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ConfirmOverwrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ContextPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ContextPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.DefaultFileName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.DetachedMenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.DisplayBorderFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.DoubleBuffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.DrawBoundingBoxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ErrorFileName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ExpertMode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ExtraHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ExtraPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ExtraPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ExtraWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FastRedraw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FieldHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FieldPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FieldPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FieldWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FileChooserPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FileChooserPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FileName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FltkTheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.FontSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.GraphicsFont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.GraphicsFontEngine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.GraphicsFontSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.GraphicsFontSizeTitle . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.GraphicsFontTitle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.GraphicsHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.GraphicsPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.GraphicsPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.GraphicsWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.HighOrderToolsPositionX . . . . . . . . . . General.HighOrderToolsPositionY . . . . . . . . . . General.InitialModule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light0W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light0X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light0Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light0Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light1W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
143 143 143 143 157 157 156 157 157 157 157 157 157 144 144 144 144 136 144 136 144 144 144 136 144 145 144 145 145 145 145 145 145 145 145 145 136 136 146 136 136 146 146 136 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 147 147 147 147 147 147 147
Syntax index
253
General.Light1X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light1Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light1Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light2W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light2X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light2Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light2Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light3W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light3X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light3Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light3Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light4W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light4X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light4Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light4Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light5W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light5X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light5Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Light5Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.LineWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ManipulatorPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ManipulatorPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MaxX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MaxY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MaxZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MenuHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MenuPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MenuPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MenuWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MessageHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MinX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MinY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MinZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MouseHoverMeshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.MouseSelection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.NonModalWindows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.NoPopup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.OptionsFileName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.OptionsPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.OptionsPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Orthographic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.PluginHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.PluginPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.PluginPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.PluginWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.PointSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.PolygonOffsetAlwaysOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.PolygonOffsetFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.PolygonOffsetUnits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ProgressMeterStep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.QuadricSubdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RecentFile0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RecentFile1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RecentFile2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
147 147 147 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 136 151 151 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 153 137 137 137
General.RecentFile3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RecentFile4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RotationCenterGravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RotationCenterX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RotationCenterY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RotationCenterZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RotationX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RotationY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.RotationZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.SaveOptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.SaveSession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ScaleX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ScaleY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ScaleZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.SessionFileName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Shininess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ShininessExponent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.SmallAxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.SmallAxesPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.SmallAxesPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.SmallAxesSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.StatisticsPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.StatisticsPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Stereo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.SystemMenuBar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.TextEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.TmpFileName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Tooltips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Trackball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.TrackballHyperbolicSheet . . . . . . . . . General.TrackballQuaternion0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.TrackballQuaternion1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.TrackballQuaternion2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.TrackballQuaternion3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.TranslationX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.TranslationY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.TranslationZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.VectorType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.Verbosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.VisibilityPositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.VisibilityPositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.WatchFilePattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General.ZoomFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.AutoCoherence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.HighlightOne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.HighlightTwo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.HighlightZero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.Normals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.Tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.Color.Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geometry.CopyMeshingMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
137 137 153 153 153 153 153 153 153 153 153 154 154 154 137 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 155 155 155 155 137 137 155 155 155 155 155 155 156 156 156 156 156 156 156 156 137 156 161 161 167 167 167 166 167 166 167 167 167 167 167 161
254
Gmsh 2.8
Geometry.ExactExtrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Geometry.ExtrudeReturnLateralEntities . . . 161 Geometry.ExtrudeSplinePoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Geometry.HideCompounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Geometry.HighlightOrphans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Geometry.LabelType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.LightTwoSide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.LineNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.LineSelectWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.LineType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.LineWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.MatchGeomAndMesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.Normals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Geometry.NumSubEdges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OCCConnectFaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OCCFixDegenerated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OCCFixSmallEdges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OCCFixSmallFaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OCCSewFaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OffsetX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OffsetY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OffsetZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OldCircle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OldNewReg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.OldRuledSurface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Geometry.OrientedPhysicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.PointNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.PointSelectSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.PointSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.PointType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.ScalingFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.SnapX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.SnapY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Geometry.SnapZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.SurfaceNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.SurfaceType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.Tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.TransformXX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.TransformXY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.TransformXZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Geometry.TransformYX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Geometry.TransformYY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Geometry.TransformYZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Geometry.TransformZX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Geometry.TransformZY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Geometry.TransformZZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Geometry.VolumeNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Geometry.Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 GMSH_MAJOR_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 GMSH_MINOR_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 GMSH_PATCH_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
H
Hide char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 59 Homology ( { expression-list } ) { { expression-list } , { expression-list } }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Hypot ( expression, expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
I
If ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Include char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
L
Laplacian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Line ( expression ) = { expression, expression }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Line Loop ( expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Log ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Log10 ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 LonLat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
M
MathEval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 MathEvalAniso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 MaxEigenHessian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Mean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Merge char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Mesh expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Mesh.Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Mesh.Algorithm3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Mesh.AllowSwapAngle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Mesh.AngleSmoothNormals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Mesh.AnisoMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Mesh.BdfFieldFormat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Mesh.Binary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Mesh.Bunin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Mesh.CgnsImportOrder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Mesh.ChacoArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoEigensolver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoEigTol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoGlobalMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoHypercubeDim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoLocalMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoMeshDim1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoMeshDim2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoMeshDim3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoParamINTERNAL_VERTICES . . . . . . . . . 170 Mesh.ChacoParamREFINE_MAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Mesh.ChacoParamREFINE_PARTITION . . . . . . . . . . 170 Mesh.ChacoParamTERMINAL_PROPOGATION . . . . . . 170 Mesh.ChacoPartitionSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Mesh.ChacoSeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Mesh.ChacoVMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Syntax index
255
Mesh.CharacteristicLengthExtendFromBoundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFactor . . . . . . . . . . 170 Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromCurvature . . 171 Mesh.CharacteristicLengthFromPoints . . . . . . 171 Mesh.CharacteristicLengthMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Mesh.CharacteristicLengthMin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Mesh.Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mesh.Color.Eight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Eighteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Mesh.Color.Eleven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Fifteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Mesh.Color.Five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Fourteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Mesh.Color.Hexahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.Color.Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mesh.Color.Nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Nineteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Mesh.Color.Normals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.Color.One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.Color.Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mesh.Color.PointsSup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mesh.Color.Prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.Color.Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.Color.Quadrangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mesh.Color.Seven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Seventeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Mesh.Color.Six . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Sixteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Mesh.Color.Tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.Color.Ten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Tetrahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.Color.Thirteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.Color.Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mesh.Color.Twelve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Mesh.Color.Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.Color.Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Mesh.ColorCarousel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mesh.CpuTime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mesh.DoRecombinationTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Mesh.DrawSkinOnly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mesh.Dual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mesh.ElementOrder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mesh.Explode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mesh.FlexibleTransfinite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mesh.Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Mesh.Hexahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Mesh.HighOrderNumLayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Mesh.HighOrderOptimize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Mesh.HighOrderPoissonRatio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Mesh.HighOrderThresholdMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Mesh.HighOrderThresholdMin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Mesh.IgnorePartitionBoundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Mesh.LabelSampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Mesh.LabelType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Mesh.LcIntegrationPrecision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Mesh.Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.LightLines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.LightTwoSide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.LineNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.LineWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Lloyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.MeshOnlyVisible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.MetisAlgorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.MetisEdgeMatching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.MetisRefinementAlgorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.MinimumCirclePoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.MinimumCurvePoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.MshFilePartitioned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.MshFileVersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.MultiplePassesMeshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.NbHexahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.NbNodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.NbPartitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.NbPrisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.NbPyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.NbQuadrangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.NbTetrahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.NbTriangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Normals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.NumSubEdges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Optimize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.OptimizeNetgen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Partitioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.PartitionHexWeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.PartitionPrismWeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.PartitionPyramidWeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.PartitionQuadWeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.PartitionTetWeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.PartitionTriWeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.PointNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.PointSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.PointType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Quadrangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.QualityInf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.QualitySup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.QualityType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RadiusInf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RadiusSup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RandomFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RecombinationAlgorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RecombinationTestHorizStart . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RecombinationTestNewStrat . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RecombinationTestNoGreedyStrat . . . . . . Mesh.Recombine3DAll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RecombineAll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RefineSteps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RemeshAlgorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.RemeshParametrization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesh.Remove4Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173 173 173 173 173 173 168 173 173 173 173 174 174 174 174 174 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 176 176 176 176 174 174 174 174 174 175 176 176 176 176 176 176 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 178 178 178 178 177 178 178 178 178
256
Gmsh 2.8
Mesh.ReverseAllNormals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Mesh.SaveAll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.SaveElementTagType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.SaveGroupsOfNodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.SaveParametric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.ScalingFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.SecondOrderExperimental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.SecondOrderIncomplete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.SecondOrderLinear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.SmoothCrossField . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Mesh.Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.SmoothNormals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mesh.SmoothRatio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.SubdivisionAlgorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.SurfaceEdges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.SurfaceFaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.SurfaceNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.SwitchElementTags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.Tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.Tetrahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.ToleranceEdgeLength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mesh.VolumeEdges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mesh.VolumeFaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mesh.VolumeNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mesh.Voronoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mesh.ZoneDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 MinAniso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Modulo ( expression, expression ) . . . . . . . . . . 24 MPI_Rank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 MPI_Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
N
newl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . newll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . newp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . newreg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . news . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . newsl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . newv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NonBlockingSystemCall char-expression ; . . . . 26 26 26 27 26 26 26 30
O
operator-binary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . operator-ternary-left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . operator-ternary-right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . operator-unary-left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . operator-unary-right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 22 22 22 22
P
Param . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Periodic Line { expression-list } = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Periodic Surface expression { expression-list } = expression { expression-list }; . . . . 59 Physical Line ( expression | char-expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Physical Point ( expression | char-expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Physical Surface ( expression | char-expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Physical Volume ( expression | char-expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Plane Surface ( expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Plugin (string ) . Run; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Plugin (string ) . string = expression | char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Plugin(AnalyseCurvedMesh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Plugin(Annotate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Plugin(Bubbles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Plugin(Crack) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Plugin(Curl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Plugin(CutBox) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Plugin(CutGrid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Plugin(CutParametric) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Plugin(CutPlane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Plugin(CutSphere) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Plugin(DiscretizationError) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Plugin(Distance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Plugin(Divergence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Plugin(Eigenvalues) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Plugin(Eigenvectors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Plugin(ExtractEdges) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Plugin(ExtractElements) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Plugin(FieldFromAmplitudePhase) . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Plugin(Gradient) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Plugin(HarmonicToTime) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Plugin(HomologyComputation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Plugin(HomologyPostProcessing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Plugin(Integrate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Plugin(Isosurface) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Plugin(Lambda2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Plugin(LongitudeLatitude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Plugin(MakeSimplex) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Plugin(MathEval) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Plugin(MinMax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Plugin(ModifyComponent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Plugin(ModulusPhase) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Plugin(NearestNeighbor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Plugin(NearToFarField) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Plugin(NewView) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Plugin(Particles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Plugin(Probe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Plugin(Remove) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Plugin(Scal2Vec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Plugin(SimplePartition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Plugin(Skin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Syntax index
257
Plugin(Smooth) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Plugin(SphericalRaise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Plugin(StreamLines) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Plugin(Tetrahedralize) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Plugin(Transform) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Plugin(Triangulate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Plugin(Warp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Point ( expression ) = { expression, expression, expression <, expression > }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Point | Line { expression-list } In Surface { expression }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 PostProcessing.AnimationCycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 PostProcessing.AnimationDelay . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 PostProcessing.AnimationStep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 PostProcessing.CombineRemoveOriginal . . . . . 189 PostProcessing.Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 PostProcessing.HorizontalScales . . . . . . . . . . 189 PostProcessing.Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 PostProcessing.NbViews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 PostProcessing.Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 PostProcessing.Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 PostView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Print char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Print.Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.CompositeWindows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.DeleteTemporaryFiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.EpsBestRoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.EpsCompress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.EpsLineWidthFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.EpsOcclusionCulling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.EpsPointSizeFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.EpsPS3Shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.EpsQuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.GeoLabels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.GeoOnlyPhysicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.GifDither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.GifInterlace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.GifSort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.GifTransparent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Print.Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.JpegQuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.JpegSmoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Print.ParameterCommand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Print.ParameterFirst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.ParameterLast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.ParameterSteps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Print.PostDisto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.PostElement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.PostElementary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.PostEta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.PostGamma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.PostRho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.TexAsEquation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Print.Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Print.Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Printf ( char-expression , expression-list ) > char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Printf ( char-expression , expression-list ) >> char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Printf ( char-expression <, expression-list > ); . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
R
Rand ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 real-option *= expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 real-option += expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 real-option -= expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 real-option /= expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 real-option = expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Recombine Surface { expression-list } | "*" < = expression >; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 RefineMesh; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Restrict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Reverse Line | Surface { expression-list } ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Rotate { { expression-list }, { expression-list }, expression } { transform-list } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Round ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Ruled Surface ( expression ) = { expression-list } < In Sphere { expression } >; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
S
Save char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Save View[expression ] char-expression ; . . . . 65 SetChanged; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 SetName char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 SetOrder expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Show char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 59 Sin ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Sinh ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Sleep expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Smoother Surface { expression-list } = expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Solver.AlwaysListen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.AutoArchiveOutputFiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.AutoCheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.AutoHideNewViews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Solver.AutoMergeFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Solver.AutoMesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Solver.AutoSaveDatabase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Solver.AutoShowLastStep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Solver.Executable0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Solver.Executable1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Solver.Executable2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Solver.Executable3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Solver.Executable4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Solver.Executable5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Solver.Executable6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
258
Gmsh 2.8
Solver.Executable7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Solver.Executable8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Solver.Executable9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Solver.Name0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Solver.Name1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Solver.Name2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Solver.Name3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Solver.Name4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.Name5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.Name6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.Name7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.Name8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.Name9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Solver.RemoteLogin0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.RemoteLogin1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.RemoteLogin2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.RemoteLogin3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Solver.RemoteLogin4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.RemoteLogin5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.RemoteLogin6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.RemoteLogin7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.RemoteLogin8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.RemoteLogin9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.SocketName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Solver.Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Spline ( expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Sqrt ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 string ( { expression-list } ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string *= expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string += { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string += expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string -= { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string -= expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string /= expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string = { }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string = char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 string = expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 string [ { expression-list } ] *= { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string [ { expression-list } ] += { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string [ { expression-list } ] -= { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 string [ { expression-list } ] /= { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 string [ { expression-list } ] = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Structured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Surface { expression-list } In Volume { expression }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Surface Loop ( expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Symmetry { expression-list } { transform-list } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
SyncModel; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 SystemCall char-expression ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
T
Tan ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Tanh ( expression ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Transfinite Line { expression-list } | "*" = expression < Using Progression | Bump expression >; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Transfinite Surface { expression-list } | "*" < = { expression-list } > < Left | Right | Alternate | AlternateRight | AlternateLeft > ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Transfinite Volume { expression-list } | "*" < = { expression-list } > ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 TransfQuadTri { expression-list } | "*"; . . . 58 Translate { expression-list } { transform-list } . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
V
View "string " { string < ( expression-list ) > { expression-list }; ... }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 View.AbscissaRangeType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.AdaptVisualizationGrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.AngleSmoothNormals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.ArrowSizeMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.ArrowSizeMin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 View.AutoPosition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.AxesAutoPosition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.AxesFormatX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 View.AxesFormatY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 View.AxesFormatZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 View.AxesLabelX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 View.AxesLabelY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 View.AxesLabelZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 View.AxesMaxX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.AxesMaxY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.AxesMaxZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.AxesMikado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 View.AxesMinX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.AxesMinY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.AxesMinZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.AxesTicsX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.AxesTicsY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.AxesTicsZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.CenterGlyphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 View.Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 View.Color.Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 View.Color.Background2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 View.Color.Hexahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 View.Color.Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Syntax index
259
View.Color.Normals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Color.Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Color.Prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Color.Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Color.Quadrangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Color.Tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Color.Tetrahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Color.Text2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Color.Text3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Color.Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColormapAlpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColormapAlphaPower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColormapBeta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColormapBias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColormapCurvature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColormapInvert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColormapNumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColormapRotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColormapSwap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ColorTable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ComponentMap0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ComponentMap1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ComponentMap2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ComponentMap3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ComponentMap4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ComponentMap5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ComponentMap6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ComponentMap7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ComponentMap8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.CustomAbscissaMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.CustomAbscissaMin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.CustomMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.CustomMin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DisplacementFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawHexahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawLines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawPoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawPrisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawPyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawQuadrangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawScalars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawSkinOnly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawStrings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawTensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawTetrahedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawTriangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.DrawVectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Explode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ExternalView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.FakeTransparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.FileName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ForceNumComponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.GeneralizedRaiseFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.GeneralizedRaiseView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.GeneralizedRaiseX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.GeneralizedRaiseY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.GeneralizedRaiseZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
204 203 204 204 204 204 204 204 205 204 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 205 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 196 196 196 196 196 196 196 196 196 196 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 197 190 197 190 198 198 190 190 190
View.GlyphLocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.IntervalsType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.LightLines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.LightTwoSide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.LineType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.LineWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.MaxRecursionLevel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.MaxX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.MaxY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.MaxZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.MinX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.MinY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.MinZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.NbIso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.NbTimeStep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.NormalRaise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Normals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.OffsetX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.OffsetY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.OffsetZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.PointSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.PointType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.PositionX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.PositionY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.RaiseX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.RaiseY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.RaiseZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.RangeType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.SaturateValues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ScaleType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ShowElement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ShowScale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.ShowTime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.SmoothNormals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Stipple9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TargetError . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TensorType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TimeStep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TransformXX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TransformXY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TransformXZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
198 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 190 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 202 191 191 191 191 191 191 191 191 191 191 202 202 202 202 202 202 202
260
Gmsh 2.8
View.TransformYX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TransformYY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TransformYZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TransformZX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TransformZY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.TransformZZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View.Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
202 202 203 203 203 203 203
View.UseGeneralizedRaise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 View.VectorType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 View.Visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 View.Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Volume ( expression ) = { expression-list }; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

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What are the main components and capabilities of Gmsh?

What are the main components and capabilities of Gmsh?

How is the reference manual organized?

How is the reference manual organized?

Gmsh

Gmsh Reference Manual

Christophe Geuzaine Jean-Fran cois Remacle

How to read this reference manual? . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Running Gmsh on your system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Compiling the source code . . . . . 207 Information for developers . . . . . 211

Frequently asked questions . . . . . 213

Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H

Version history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Copyright and credits . . . . . . . . . . . 235 License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Concept index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Syntax index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

1.1 Geometry: geometrical entity denition

1.2 Mesh: nite element mesh generation

1.3 Solver: external solver interface

1.4 Post-processing: scalar, vector and tensor eld visualization

1.5 What Gmsh is pretty good at . . .

1.6 . . . and what Gmsh is not so good at

1.7 Bug reports

Chapter 2: How to read this reference manual?

2 How to read this reference manual?

2.1 Syntactic rules used in the manual

Chapter 3: Running Gmsh on your system

3 Running Gmsh on your system

3.2 Non-interactive mode

3.3 Command-line options

-part int Partition after batch mesh generation

Chapter 3: Running Gmsh on your system

-check -mpass int

Chapter 3: Running Gmsh on your system

Dont popup dialog windows in scripts

3.4 Mouse actions

3.5 Keyboard shortcuts

Chapter 3: Running Gmsh on your system

Ctrl+n Ctrl+o Ctrl+q Ctrl+r Ctrl+s

Create new project le Open project le Quit Rename project le Save le as

Alt+t Alt+v Alt+w Alt+x Alt+y Alt+z

Chapter 4: General tools

4.2.1 Floating point expressions

Chapter 4: General tools

4.2.2 Character expressions

4.2.3 Color expressions

operator-unary-right: ++ -Post-incrementation. Post-decrementation.

Chapter 4: General tools

4.4 Built-in functions

Chapter 4: General tools

4.5 User-dened functions

4.6 Loops and conditionals

4.7 General commands

MPI_Rank Cpu Memory newp

newl news newv newll newsl

Chapter 4: General tools

Chapter 4: General tools

Redraws the scene.

4.8 General options

Chapter 5: Geometry module

5.1 Geometry commands