400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001

SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE

J18

REV. APR2002 1952-01 2002-04

Issued Revised

Superseding J18 DEC2000

Sponge and Expanded Cellular Rubber Products1

1. 1.1

Scope The SAE Committee on Automotive Rubber Specifications has concluded, that in light of the fact that SAE J18 is a mirror image of ASTM D 1056 (Vol. 8.01), SAE J18 will be eliminated in the year 2005. This SAE Recommended Practice covers flexible cellular rubber products known as sponge rubber and expanded rubber, but does not apply to latex foam rubber or ebonite cellular rubber. The base material for an open/closed cellular product may be made of synthetic, natural, reclaimed rubber, or a mixture, and may contain other polymers or chemicals, or both, which may be modified by organic or inorganic additives. These elastomeric materials have properties similar to those of vulcanized rubber, namely (a) the ability to be converted from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting state by crosslinking (vulcanization) and or (b) substantial recovery of their original shapes when strained or elongated, or both. Extruded or molded shapes of sizes too small for cutting standard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by these methods and will usually require special testing procedures. In case of conflict between the provisions of this general specification and those of detailed specifications or test methods for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence. Reference to the test methods in this document should specifically state the particular test or tests desired. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. English units are included for reference only. The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portions of this document: This document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTEASTM D 1056-98 and ISO 6916-1 are similar to this document.

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5 1.6

1.

This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Flexible Cellular Materials. Current edition approved May 10 and June 10, 1997 and April 10, 1998. Published May 1998. Originally published as D 1056-49 T. Last previous edition D 1056-98.

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user. SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790 SAE WEB ADDRESS http://www.sae.org Copyright 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Printed in U.S.A.

SAE J18 Revised APR2002 2. 2.1 References Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. ASTM P UBLICATIONSAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. ASTM D 395Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression Set2 ASTM D 471Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of Liquids2 ASTM D 573Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air Oven 2 ASTM D 575Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression 2 ASTM D 832Practice for Rubber Conditioning for Low-Temperature Testing 2 ASTM D 1056Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded Rubber 3 ASTMD1171Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurface Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Specimens)2 ASTMD3182Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard Vulcanized Sheets2 ASTM D 3183Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products2 2.1.2 ISO P UBLICATION Available from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002. ISO 6916-1Flexible Cellular Polymeric Materials; Sponge and Expanded Cellular Rubber Products Specification Part 1 Sheet 3. 3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of Terms Specific to this Document. Cellular MaterialA generic term for materials containing many cells (either open, closed, or both) dispersed throughout the mass. Closed Cell A product whose cells are totally enclosed by its walls and hence not interconnecting with other cells. Expanded RubberCellular rubber having closed cells made from a solid rubber compound. Flexible Cellular Material A flexible cellular organic polymeric material will not rupture within 60 s when a specimen 200 x 25 x 25 mm (8 x 1 x 1 in) is bent around a 25 mm (1 in) diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of one lap/5 s in the form of a helix at a temperature between 18 and 29 C (65 and 85 F). Open Cell A product whose cells are not totally enclosed by its walls and open to the surface, either directly or by interconnecting with other cells. Rubber A material that is capable of recovering from large deformations quickly and forcibly, and can be, or already is, modified to a state in which it is essentially insoluble (but can swell) in boiling solvent, such as benzene, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethanol-toluene azeotrope. D ISCUSSIO NA rubber in its modified state, free of diluents, retracts within 1 min to less than 1.5 times its original length after being stretched at room temperature, 20 to 27 C (68 F 81 F) to twice its length and held for 1 min before release.

2.1.1

3.2

3.3 3.4

3.5

3.6

3.6.1

2. 3.

Annual book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 3.7 SkinThe textured outer surface on the material formed during manufacture by contact with molds, cover plate, air, or other curing medium. D ISCUSSIO NNormally, this skin is formed by contact with the mold or cover plates during manufacture. Molded open-cell (sponge) parts usually have a skin on all surfaces, except when cut to length from longer strips. Parts made by cutting from open-cell (sponge) sheets usually have skin on two faces and open cells at the cut edges. Closed-cell (expanded) rubber sheets are frequently split from thicker pieces and consequently do not have the skin faces. On some products, it is desirable to add a solid rubber skin coating. The use to which the cellular rubber product is to be put determines the thickness of added skin required. Products subject to abrasion or open-cell (sponge) rubber that must withstand absorption of water or transmission of gases will ordinarily require an applied skin coating. Closed-cell (expanded) rubber does not usually require an added skin for these reasons. Sponge Rubber Cellular rubber consisting predominantly of open cells made from a solid rubber compound. Classification (Types, Classes, Grades, and Suffix Letters) Types These specifications cover two types of cellular rubber designated by the prefix numbers 1 and 2. TYPE 1Open cell rubber. TYPE 2Closed cell rubber. Classes Both types are divided into four classes designated by the letters A, B, C, and D added to the number prefix. C LASS ACellular rubber made from synthetic rubber, natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, or rubber-like materials, alone or in combination where specific resistance to the action of petroleum base oils is not required. C LASS BCellular rubber made from synthetic rubber or rubber-like materials alone or in combination, having specific requirements for oil resistance with low mass change. C LASS CCellular rubber made from synthetic rubber or rubber-like materials alone or in combination, having specific requirements for oil resistance with medium mass change. C LASS DCellular rubbers made from synthetic rubber or rubber-like materials alone or in combination having specific requirements for extreme temperature resistance ranging from 75 to 175 C (103 to 347F); but specific resistance to the action of petroleum-base oils is not required. NOTEASTM Oil No. 3 is no longer available (as of December 1993). It has been replaced by IRM 9034 , which does not necessarily produce the same degree of swelling as ASTM #3 Oil. Comparison of the effect of IRM 903 versus ASTM Oil No. 3, on most elastomers tested, produces a close correlation.

3.7.1

3.8 4. 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.

Available from R. E. Carroll, P. O. Box 139, Trenton, NJ 08801

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 4.3 GradesEach type and class has been divided into a number of different grades. Each grade is based on a specific range of firmness as expressed by compression-deflection (see Section 17). Grades are designated by digit, the softer grades being identified with the lower numbers and the higher grades being identified with the higher numbers. GRADE 0For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a compression-deflection range from 0 to 15 kPa (0 to 2 psi). GRADE 1For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a compression-deflection range from 15 to 35 kPa (2 to 5 psi). GRADE 2For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a compression-deflection range from 35 to 65 kPa (5 to 9 psi). GRADE 3For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a compression-deflection range from 65 to 90 kPa (9 to 13 psi). GRADE 4For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a compression-deflection range from 90 to 120 kPa (13 to 17psi). GRADE 5For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, a compression-deflection range from 120 to 170 kPa (17 to 25psi). Materials and Manufacture Sponge Rubber Sponge rubber is made by incorporating into the compound a blowing agent, such as sodium bicarbonate, that gives off a gas which expands the mass during the vulcanization process. Sponge rubber is manufactured in sheet, strip, molded, or special shapes. Unless otherwise specified, sheet and strip sponge rubber shall have a natural skin on both the top and bottom surfaces. Fabric surface impressions are ordinarily not objectionable. The coarseness of the impressions shall be agreed upon by the parties concerned. Expanded RubberClosed-cell rubbers are made by incorporating gas-forming ingredients in the rubber compound, or by subjecting the compound to high-pressure gas such as nitrogen. Expanded rubber is manufactured in sheet, strip, molded, tube, cord, and profile shapes by molding or extruding. Unless otherwise specified, the presence of skin on the top or bottom surfaces of sheet and strip expanded rubber shall be optional. Extruded shapes have skin on all surfaces except cut ends. Physical Properties The various grades of cellular rubber shall conform to the physical property requirements listed in Tables 1 and 2, together with any additional requirements indicated by suffix letters in the grade designations as described in Section 4 and Table 3. Tolerances on Dimensions Tolerances on dimensions of cellular rubber products shall be as specified in Table 4. Color Unless otherwise specified, the color of cellular rubber shall be black.

4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5

4.3.6

5. 5.1

5.2

6. 6.1

7. 7.1 8. 8.1

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TABLE 1APHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF CELLULAR RUBBERS, TYPE 1, OPEN-CELL SPONGEBASIC REQUIREMENTS

Compression Deflection after Oven Aging, % Change from Original 168 h at 70 C (158 F) Compression Deflection after Oven Aging, % Change from Original 22 h at 150 C (302 F)

Grade Number

Compression Deflection, 25% Deflection (Limits), kPa (psi)(1) less than 15 (2) 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 120 to 170 (17 to 25)

Oil-Aged 22 h at 70 C (158 F), Change in Volume in IRM 903 (Limits), %

Compression Set, 50% Deflection, max %, 22 h at 70 C (158 F)

Compression Set, 50% Deflection, max %, 22 h at 100 C (212 F)

Low-Temperature Flex, 5 h at 55 C (67 F)

Class A, Non-Oil Resistant 1A0 1A1 1A2 1A3 1A4 1A5 20(2) 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 15 15 15 15

SAE J18 Revised APR2002

Class B, Oil-Resistant, Low Mass Change (3) 1B0 1B1 1B2 1B3 1B4 1B5 less than 15 (2) 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 20(2) 20 20 20 20 20 25 to 10 25 to 10 25 to 10 25 to 10 25 to 10 25 to 10 40 40 40 40 40 40

-51. 2.

Class C, Oil-Resistant, Medium Swell(3) 1C0 1C1 1C2 1C3 1C4 1C5 less than 15 (2) 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 20(2) 20 20 20 20 20 + 10 to 60 + 10 to 60 + 10 to 60 + 10 to 60 + 10 to 60 + 10 to 60 50 50 50 50 50 50

Class D, High-Temperature-Resistant 1D0 1D1 1D2 1D3 1D4 1D5 less than 15 (2) 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 5 5 5 5 5 5 50 30 30 30 30 pass pass pass pass pass pass

Compression deflection ranges modified to agree with ASTM D 1056-98. If this grade after aging still falls within the compression-deflection requirement of <15 kPa (2 psi), it shall be considered acceptable even though the change from the original is greater than 20%. 3. Terminology was changed in 1997 from low swell to low mass change to better reflect the data obtained.

TABLE 1BPHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF CELLULAR RUBBERS, TYPE 1, OPEN-CELL SPONGE REQUIREMENTS ADDED BY SUFFIX LETTERS
Compression Deflection, 25% Deflection (Limits), kPa (psi) (1) A4 Compression Deflection after Oven Aging, % Change From Original, 22 h at 175 C (347 F) B1 Compression Set, 50% Deflection max %, 22 h at 70 C (158 F) F1 Low-Temperature Flex 5 h at 40 C (40 F) F2 Low-Temperature Flex 5 h at 55 C (67 F) F3 Low-Temperature Flex 5 h at 75 C (103 F)

Grade Number

Class A, Non-Oil Resistant 1A0 1A1 1A2 1A3 1A4 1A5 less than 15 (2) 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 120 to 170 (17 to 35) pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass

Class B, Oil-Resistant, Low Mass Change (2)

SAE J18 Revised APR2002

1B0 1B1 1B2 1B3 1B4 1B5

less than 15 (2) 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 120 to 170 (17 to 35)

pass pass pass pass pass pass

-61. 2.

Class C, Oil-Resistant, Medium Mass Change (2) 1C0 1C1 1C2 1C3 1C4 1C5 less than 15 (2) 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 120 to 170 (17 to 35) 25 25 25 25 25 25 pass pass pass pass pass pass

Class D, High-Temperature-Resistant 1D0 1D1 1D2 1D3 1D4 1D5 less than 15 (2) 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 120 to 170 (17 to 35) 25 25 25 25 25 25 pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass

Compression deflection ranges modified to agree with ASTM D 1056-98. Terminology was changed in 1997 from low swell to low mass change to better reflect the data obtained.

TABLE 2APHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF CELLULAR RUBBERS, TYPE 2, CLOSED-CELL EXPANDEDBASIC REQUIREMENTS

Water Absorption, max weight % Density of 160 kg/m3 (10 lb/ft3 ) or less 10 10 10 10 10 10 Fluid Immersion, 7 Days at 23 C (73.4 F), max weight %( 2 ) Density over 160 kg/m3 (10 lb/ft3 ) Fluid Immersion, 7 Days at 23 C (73.4 F), max weight %(2) Density 160 kg/m3 (10 lb/ft 3) or less

Grade Number

Compression Deflection 25% Deflection (Limits) kPa (psi)(1)

Oven-Aged, % Change from Original Compression Deflection Values (Limits), 168 h at 70 C (158 F) 30 30 30 30 30 30

Oven-Aged, % Change from Original Compression Deflection Values (Limits), 22 h at 150 C (302 F)

Water Absorption, max weight % Density over 160 kg/m3 (10 lb/ft3 ) 5 5 5 5 5 5

Class A, Non-Oil Resistant 2A0 Less than 15 (2) 2A1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 2A2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 2A3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 2A4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 2A5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) Class B, Oil Resistant, Fuel-Resistant, Low Mass Change (3) 2B0 Less than 15 (2) 2B1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 2B2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 2B3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 2B4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 2B5 120 to 170 (17 to 25)

30 30 30 30 30 30

5 5 5 5 5 5

10 10 10 10 10 10

50 50 50 50 50 50

100 100 100 100 100 100

SAE J18 Revised APR2002

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Class C, Fuel-Resistant, Medium Mass Change( 3 ) 2C0 Less than 15 (2) 2C1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 2C2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 2C3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 2C4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 2C5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) Class D, High-Temperature-Resistant 2D0 Less than 15 (2) 2D1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 2D2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 2D3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 2D4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 2D5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) 1. 2.

30 30 30 30 30 30

5 5 5 5 5 5

10 10 10 10 10 10

150 150 150 150 150 150

250 250 250 250 250 250

5 5 5 5 5 5

5 5 5 5 5 5

10 10 10 10 10 10

3.

Compression deflection ranges modified to agree with ASTM D 1056-98. This test (see Section 19) of weight change in Reference Fuel B is used in place of the usual oil-resistance test of volume change of IRM 903 oil for the following reason: Oil or solvent immersion of flexible closed cellular materials usually causes loss of gas, by diffusion through the softened cell walls, that results in some shrinkage of the test sample. This shrinkage counteracts the swell that would normally occur, therefore invalidating test data based on volume change. Reference Fuel B is used because it produces a wider and more consistent differentiation among the A, B, and C classes than does IRM 903 oil. Standard oil resistance test methods give inconsistent results on closed cellular materials. This test gives a general indicati on of oil resistance but more reliable information should be obtained by testing in actual or simulated service conditions. The values of 150% maximum Class C and 50% maximum Class B apply to cellular materials having densities of more than 160 kg/m3 (10 lb/ft3 ). For cellular materials with densities of 160 kg/m3 or less, the values of maximum mass change allowed are 250% for Class C and 100% for Class B. Terminology was changed in 1997 from low swell to low mass change to better reflect the data obtained.

TABLE 2BPHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF CELLULAR RUBBERS, TYPE 2, CLOSED-CELL EXPANDED REQUIREMENTS ADDED BY SUFFIX LETTERS
Compression Set, max %, Under Constant Compression Set, max %, Deflection of 50% Under Constant Suffix B2 (1) Deflection of 50% 22 h at Suffix B1 23 C (73.4 F) 22 h at 100 C (212 F) 24 h recovery 25 25 25 25 25 25 Compression Set, max %, Under Constant Deflection of 50% Suffix B3 22 h at 23 C (73.4 F) 24 h recovery 35 35 35 35 35 35

Grade Number

Compression Deflection 25% Deflection (Limits) kPa (psi)

Low-Temperature Flex, Suffix F1 5h@ 40 C (40 F) pass pass pass pass pass pass

Low-Temperature Flex, Suffix F2 5 h at 55 C (67 F)

Class A, Non-Oil Resistant 2A0 Less than 15 (2) 2A1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 2A2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 2A3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 2A4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 2A5 120 to 170 (17 to 25)

Class B, Oil Resistant, Fuel-Resistant, Low Mass Change (2) 2B0 Less than 15 (2) 2B1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 2B2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 2B3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 2B4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 2B5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) Class C, Fuel-Resistant, Medium Mass Change(2) 2C0 Less than 15 (2) 2C1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 2C2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 2C3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 2C4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 2C5 120 to 170 (17 to 25) Class D, High-Temperature-Resistant 2D0 Less than 15 (2) 2D1 15 to 35 (2 to 5) 2D2 35 to 65 (5 to 9) 2D3 65 to 90 (9 to 13) 2D4 90 to 120 (13 to 17) 2D5 120 to 170 (17 to 25)

SAE J18 Revised APR2002

25 25 25 25 25 25

35 35 35 35 35 35

pass pass pass pass pass pass

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25 25 25 25 25 25

35 35 35 35 35 35

pass pass pass pass pass pass

80 80 80 80 80 80

pass pass pass pass pass pass

1. Previous versions of SAE J18 inadvertently listed the suffix as "B," instead of "B2." 2. Standard oil resistance test methods give inconsistent results on closed cellular materials. This test gives a general indicati on of oil resistance but more reliable information should be obtained by testing in actual or simulated service conditions. The values of 150% maximum Class C and 50% maximum Class B apply to cellular materials having densities of more than 160 kg/m 3 (10 lb/ft3 ). For cellular materials with densities of 160 kg/m 3 or less, the values of maximum mass change allowed are 250% for Class C and 100% for Class B. Terminology was changed in 1997 from low swell to low mass change to better reflect the data obtained.

SAE J18 Revised APR2002

TABLE 3SAE/ASTM TEST METHODS

NOTEExample: Grade 1A1C1F1 denotes soft sponge rubber containing natural, reclaimed, synthetic, or blends of these rubbers with a c ompression deflection value of 14 to 35 kPa (2 to 5 psi), having no specific solvent or oil resistance and requiring in addition to the basic tests a weathe r resistance test run in accordance with Test Method D 1171, Ozone Chamber Exposure, Method A, and a low-temperature test at 40 C (40 F). Examples of specification conversions are given in Figure 1.

Basic Requirements and Suffix Number Requirement or Suffix Letter Compression Deflection Heat Resistance

Basic Requirements

Suffix Number 1

Suffix Number 2

Suffix Number 3

Suffix Number 4

SAE J18, Section 17 SAE J18, Sections 16 and 20, change in compression deflection after aging 7 days at 70 C (158 F) Oil Resistance (1B and 1C rubber only) SAE J18, Section 18, 22 h at 70 C (158 F) Compression Set (1A, 1B, and 1C SAE J18, Section 22, rubber only) 22h at 70 C (158 F) 50% deflection, 30-min recovery at 23 C 2 C (73.4 F 3.6 F) Compression Set (1D and 2D rubber SAE J18, Section 22, only) 22h at 100 C (212 F), 50% deflection, 30-min recovery at 23 C 2 C (73.4 F 3.6 F) Water Absorption (2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D SAE J18, Sections 21 rubber only) Suffix A, Heat Resistance SAE J18, Sections 17 and 20, change in compression deflection after aging 22 h at 100 C 1 C (212 F 1.8 F) Suffix B, Compression Set SAE J18, Section 22, (1C, 2A, 2B, and 2C) 22 h at 70 C (158 F), 50% deflection, 30-min recovery at 23 C 2 C (73.4 F 3.6F), 25% max Suffix C, Ozone or Weather Resistance ASTM D 1171(1) ozone exposure Method A Suffix D, Load Deflection(2) Suffix E, Fluid Resistance SAE J18(3) Section 19, 150% max Suffix F, Low-Temperature Resistance SAE J18, Section 23 to 60, 5 h at 40 C ( 40 F) Suffix G, Tear Resistance( 2 ) Suffix J, Abrasion Resistance(2) Suffix K, Adhesion Capability(2) Suffix L, Water Absorption (2) Suffix M, Flammability Resistance( 2 ) Suffix N, Impact Resistance(2) Suffix P, Staining Resistance(2) Suffix R, Resilience(2) Suffix W, density(2) Suffix Z, Special Requirements(2) 1. 2. 3. Ratings to be arranged between the purchaser and the supplier. Test method and values to be arranged between the purchaser and the supplier. Table 2 for materials having densities of 160 kg/m3 (10 lb/ft 3 ) or less.

J18, Sections 17 and 20, change in compression deflection after aging 22 h at 125 C 1 C (257 F 1.8 F) J18, Section 22, 22 h at 23 C 2 C (73.4 F 3.6 F), 50% deflection, 24-h recovery at 23 C 2C (73.4 F 3.6F), 25% max ASTM D 1171 (1) , outdoor exposure

J18, Sections 17 and J18, Sections 17 and 20, change in 20, change in compression compression deflection after aging deflection after aging 22 h at 150 C 1 C 22 h at 175 C 1 C (302 F 1.8 F, 5%) (347 F 1.8 F) J18, Section 22, 22 h at 23 C 2 C (73.4 F 3.6 F), 50% deflection, 24-h recovery at 23 C 2C (73.4 F 3.6 F) ASTM D 1171 (1) , ozone exposure, Method B

SAE J18 (3) , Section 19, 50% max SAE J18, Section 23 SAE J18, Section 23 to 60, 5 h at 55 C to 60, 5 h at 75 C ( 6 7 F) ( 103 F)

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002

TABLE 4TOLERANCES ON DIMENSIONS OF CELLULAR RUBBER PRODUCTS FOR GENERAL APPLICATIONS

Thickness Dimension, mm (in) 3.2 (0.125) and under Over 3.2 (0.125) to 12.7 (0.50), incl Over 12.7 (0.50) Molded or special shapes 6.4 (0.250) and under Over 6.4 (0.250) to 76.2 (3), incl Thickness Tolerance, , mm (in) 0.4 (0.016) 0.8 (0.032) 1.2 (0.047) 0.8 (0.032) 1.6 (0.063) Length and Width Dimension, mm (in) 152 (6) and under Over 152 (6) to 457 (18) incl Over 457 (18) 6.4 (0.250) and under Over 6.4 (0.250) to 76 (3) incl Over 76 (3) to 457 (18) incl Over 457 (18) Expanded Rubber Sheet and strip 3.2 (0.125) and under 3.2 (0.125) to 12.7 (0.50), incl Over 12.7 (0.50) Molded or special shapes 3.2 (0.125) to 12.7 (0.50) incl Over 12.7 (0.50) to 38.1 (1.50) incl Over 38.1 (1.50) to 76.2 (3) incl 1.6 (0.063) 1.6 (0.063) 2.4 (0.094) 1.6 (0.063) 2.4 (0.094) 3.2 (0.125) 152 (6) and under 152 (6) and under Over 152 (6) to 305 (12) incl Over 305 (12) 152 (6) and under Over 152 (6) to 305 (12) incl Over 305 (12) 6.4 (0.250) 6.4 (0.250) 9.6 (0.375) 3% 6.4 (0.250) 9.6 (0.375) 3% Length and Width Tolerance, , mm (in) 1.6 (0.063) 3.2 (0.125) 0.5% 0.8 (0.032) 1.6 (0.063) 3.2 (0.125) 0.5%

Form Sponge Rubber Sheet and strip

9.

Workmanship, Finish, and AppearanceCellular rubbers furnished under this document shall be manufactured from synthetic rubber, natural rubber, or rubber-like materials together with added compounding ingredients of such nature and quality that the finished product complies with the specification requirements. In permitting choice in use of those materials by the producer, it is not intended to imply that the different rubber materials are equivalent in respect to all physical properties. Any special characteristics other than those prescribed in this document that may be desired for specific applications, shall be specified in the product specifications, as they may influence the choice of the type of rubber material or other ingredients used. All materials and workmanship shall be in accordance with good commercial practice, and the resulting cellular rubber shall be free from defects affecting serviceability. Test Methods

10.

10.1 Unless specifically stated otherwise, all tests shall be made in accordance with the methods specified in Sections 13 through 24 and Table 3. 11. Inspection and Rejection

11.1 All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities for tests and inspection. 11.2 The purchaser may make the tests and inspection to govern acceptance or rejection of the material at his own laboratory or elsewhere. Such tests and inspection shall be made no later than 15 days after receipt of the material. 11.3 All samples for testing, provided as specified in Section 14, shall be visually inspected to determine compliance with the material, workmanship, and color requirements.

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 11.4 Any material that fails in one or more of the test requirements may be retested. For this purpose, two additional tests shall be made for the requirement in which failure occurred. Failure of either of the retests shall be cause for final rejection. 11.5 Rejected material shall be disposed of as directed by the manufacturer. 12. Packaging and Package Marking The material shall be properly and adequately packaged. Each package or container shall be legibly marked with the name of the material, name, or trademark of the manufacturer, and any required purchaser's designations. General Test Methods

13.

13.1 ScopeExcept as otherwise specified in these methods, the following ASTM test methods and the various test methods in Table 3, applicable in general to vulcanized rubber, shall be complied with as required and are hereby made a part of these methods: 13.1.1 GENERAL P HYS ICAL TEST R EQ UIREMENTSASTM D 3182 and D 3183. 13.1.2 AGING TEST ASTM D 573, with modifications as described in Sections 16 and 20. 13.1.3 C OMPRESSION SE T, S UFFIX BMethod described in Section 22. 13.1.4 FLUID IMMERS IO N, SUFFIX EASTM D 471 and Sections 18 and 19. 13.1.5 LO W -TEMPE RATURE TEST , SUFFIXES F1, F2, AND F3Method described in Section 23. temperature cabinets and conditioning procedures are described in ASTM D 832. Suitable low-

13.1.6 In case of conflict between provisions of the test methods referenced in 13.1.1 through 13.1.5 and the procedures specifically described herein for cellular rubbers, the latter shall take precedence. 14. Sampling

14.1 When possible, the completed manufactured product shall be used for the tests specified. Representative samples of the lot being examined shall be selected at random as required. 14.2 When it is necessary or advisable to obtain test specimens from the article, as in those cases where the entire sample is not required or adaptable for testing, the method of cutting and the exact position from which specimens are to be taken shall be specified. The apparent density and the state of cure may vary in different parts of the finished product, especially if the article is of complicated shape or of varying thickness, and these factors affect the physical properties of the specimens. Also, the apparent density is affected by the number of cut surfaces as opposed to the number of skin-covered surfaces on the test specimen. 14.3 When the finished product does not lend itself to testing or to the taking of test specimens because of complicated shape, small size, metal or fabric inserts, solid covers, adhesion to metal, or other reasons, standard test slabs shall be prepared. When differences due to the difficulty in obtaining suitable test specimens from the finished part arise, the manufacturer and purchaser may agree on acceptable deviations. This can be done by comparing results of standard test specimens and those obtained on actual parts.

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 15. Test Specimens and Slabs

15.1 Test Specimens Standard test specimens shall be disks 28.00 mm 0.50 mm (1.10 in 0.02 in) in diameter, which yields a 645.70 mm 2 (1 in 2 ) specimen. The specimens may be cut with a revolving die 5 using a soap solution as a lubricant. If a lubricant is used, the specimens shall be thoroughly dried before proceeding with the testing. In some cases, it may be necessary to freeze the cellular rubber to obtain parallel cut edges. Samples shall not be compression die cut because this process distorts the sample, which will affect the final properties. When cut from standard test slabs, they shall be cut from the center area as shown in Figure 1. The thickness shall be measured as described in 15.3.2. As stated under the test methods, the minimum thickness of test specimens is 6.00 mm (0.24 in). Plied-up samples may be used as indicated in the test methods for compression set and compression deflection (see Note in 17.3.2).

FIGURE 1LOCATION FROM WHICH STANDARD TEST SPECIMENS ARE TO BE CUT WHEN TESTING STANDARD TEST SLABS OR COMMERCIAL FLAT SHEETS

5.

A satisfactory die and its method of application are described in Section 4 of ASTM D 575.

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 15.2 Test Slabs Standard test slabs of all types of cellular rubber shall be pieces 150 mm 5 mm (nominally 6in) square and 12.5 mm 0.5 mm (nominally 0.5 in) in thickness made from the same compound and having the same apparent density and state of cure as the product they represent. In all cases, the surface skin shall be left intact on both top and bottom faces of the test slab. Standard test slabs shall be prepared either by cutting them from flat sheets of the specified thickness or as described in 15.2.1 or 15.2.2. 15.2.1 When specially prepared standard test slabs of sponge rubber are required, they shall be made using the frame shown in Figure 2 together with top and bottom plates each approximately 12.50 mm (0.50 in) in thickness. The frame and plates shall be made of aluminum or steel. The stock shall be in sheet form, cut into squares slightly smaller than the frame cavities. The thickness of the square sheets shall be such as to give the required apparent density when the material is blown during cure to fill the molding cavities. The squares of stock shall be dusted with talc and the excess brushed off to avoid pitting. They shall then be placed in the frame, and fabric sheeting shall be applied on the top and bottom between the frame and the plates to allow venting of gases produced during the cure. This fabric shall be a commercial sheeting with a mass of approximately 135 g/m 2 (4 oz/yd2 ), having approximately 2.75 ends/mm (70 ends/in) and 2.36 picks/ mm (60 picks/in). The specimens shall be vulcanized in a platen press under conditions of time and temperature chosen to produce the same state of cure in the standard slabs as in the finished products they represent.

FIGURE 2FOUR-CAVITY FRAME FOR STANDARD TEST SLABS OF CELLULAR RUBBERS

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 15.2.2 Where specially prepared standard test slabs of expanded rubber are required, they shall be made using the same process that was used for the product to be represented by the test slab. The specimens shall be prepared to have approximately the same density, and shall be vulcanized under conditions of time and temperature chosen to produce the same state of cure in the standard slabs, as in the finished products they represent. 15.3 Measurements of Test Specimens 15.3.1 The length and width shall be measured to 0.5 mm (0.02 in). Care shall be taken not to distort the cellular rubber. 15.3.2 Thicknesses up to and including 25.0 mm (1 in) shall be measured using a dial-type gage 6 having a maximum stem and foot mass of 25 g and a foot 30.0 mm (1.25 in) in diameter. Thicknesses over 25 mm (1 in) shall be measured using a sliding caliper gage. When a sliding caliper gage is employed, the gage setting shall be made with the gage out of contact with the cellular rubber. The sample shall be passed through the previously set gage and the proper setting shall be the one in which the measuring faces of the gage contact the surfaces of the article without compressing it. 15.3.3 The steel scale or tape used to measure length or width shall be graduated to 1 mm (0.031 in). The dial gage for measuring thickness shall be graduated to 0.02 mm (0.001 in). The calipers used for measuring thickness shall be graduated to 0.1 mm (0.005 in). 15.3.4 Results reported shall be the average of a minimum of three measurements. If the results vary between the specimens more than 10%, two additional specimens should be taken into the average. 16. Accelerated Aging Tests

16.1 Test Specimen 16.1.1 The test specimen used in any of the aging tests shall be of the size and shape as specified by the appropriate called-out test method. 17. Compression-Deflection Tests

17.1 Scope 17.1.1 This test method consists of measuring the force necessary to produce a 25% deflection on a test specimen. 17.2 Apparatus 17.2.1 Any compression machine that meets the following requirements will be satisfactory. The machine shall be capable of compressing the specimen at a rate of 12.5 to 50 mm/min (0.5 to 2 in/min) gently without impact. The machine may be motor- or hand-driven. It shall be equipped with a gage to measure the deflection caused by the increase in load. The rate of compression of the specimen is specified rather than the rate of the compressing platform of the machine. This is an important consideration when scales are used, since sponges of various compression-deflection characteristics will require different times to compress 25% due to the travel of the scale platform under varying loads. 17.2.2 The deflection shall be read on a dial gage graduated in 0.02 mm (0.001 in). No gage is necessary if the machine automatically compresses the specimen 25%.

6.

Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D20-1198.

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 17.3 Test Specimens 17.3.1 Standard test specimens can be used for this test. 17.3.2 Test specimen size may vary provided the indenter foot of the apparatus used is larger than the sample. Test specimens may be cylindrical or square. They shall be cut so that opposite edges are parallel, either from the finished product in a manner agreed upon between the parties concerned or, as shown in Figure 2, from standard test slabs or from flat sheets. The thickness of the test specimens may vary, but shall be measured and stated in the report. The minimum thickness shall be 6.0 mm (0.25 in). Thin samples may be plied-up to obtain this thickness, or a standard test slab may be used if agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. NOTE In sponge rubbers, using the same compound, thin sections under 6 mm (0.25 in) do not blow in the same manner as those over 6 mm (0.25 in). The thinner sections are usually higher in compression deflection and density. However, in closed-cell (expanded) rubbers where thin sheets are split from thicker sheets there is usually very little difference between the thin sheet and thicker sheets. 17.4 ProcedureCellular rubber less than 6 mm (0.250 in) in thickness shall be tested by plying up the proper number of plies to obtain a thickness as near 12.5 mm (0.50 in) as possible. Compress the standard test specimen between the parallel metal plates of the machine until the thickness has been reduced 25%, and take the reading of the load immediately. Repeat the test with the same specimen until the load readings do not change more than 5%. The top and bottom plates shall be at least 38 mm (1.5 in) in diameter. 17.5 Report 17.5.1 The unit load required for the last reading, expressed in kilopascals (or pounds per square inch), shall be reported as the result of the compression-deflection test. 17.6 Precision and Bias 17.6.1 See Section 25. 18. Oil-Immersion Test, Open-Cell Sponge (see Table 1)

18.1 Scope 18.1.1 This test method determines the fluid resistance (oil) of a sample (open cell sponge) by means of measuring volume change after a specified immersion time/temperature. 18.2 Test Specimens 18.2.1 Standard test specimens approximately 12.5 mm (0.50 in) in thickness shall be used for this test. The diameter and thickness shall be measured before and after immersion in the specified petroleum-base oil for 22 h at 70C (158 F) and the percent change in volume calculated. Three specimens shall be run on each test and the average of the three values reported. 18.3 Procedure 18.3.1 Follow the procedure of ASTM D 471, using petroleum base oil IRM 903.

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 19. Fluid Immersion Test, Closed Cell (Expanded) (See Footnote 2, Table 2)

19.1 Scope 19.1.1 This test method determines the fluid resistance (fuel) of a sample (closed cell foam) by means of measuring weight change after a specified immersion time/temperature. 19.2 Apparatus 19.2.1 Equipment required are an analytical balance, screens, ASTM Reference Fuel B, paper towels, and 250-cm3 (8-oz) containers (minimum size). 19.3 Test Specimens 19.3.1 The test specimens shall be 25 by 50 by 6 mm (nominally 1 by 2 by 0.250 in). It is preferable that the specimens be cut with clean, square edges. 19.4 Procedure 19.4.1 Weigh the specimens to the nearest 0.01 g. Place a noncorrosive screen having 2-mm openings (10-mesh) on the bottom of the container. Alternatively place specimens of one material and screens into the cans. Use one can per material. Fill the cans with ASTM Reference Fuel B and seal with their lids. Store the cans for 7 days at a temperature of 23 C 2 C (73.4 F 4 F). Remove one specimen at a time from the test fluid. Without squeezing the specimen, place it on top of one sheet of paper towel and immediately place a second paper towel on top of it. Blot lightly without squeezing, then remove the top paper towel. Immediately determine the mass of the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g. 19.5 Calculation 19.5.1 Calculate the percent change in mass as shown in Equation 1. W = [ ( A B ) B] 100 where: W = change in mass, % A = final mass of specimen, and B = initial mass of specimen 19.6 Report 19.6.1 The report should include fluid type, time and temperature of test, data from three specimens, and the average of the three. 19.7 Requirements 19.7.1 See Tables 1 and 2. 19.8 Precision and Bias 19.8.1 See Section 25. (Eq. 1)

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 20. Test for Compression-Deflection Change After Oven Aging

20.1 Scope 20.1.1 This test method determines the heat aging properties of a sample by measuring the change in compression deflection after a specified time/temperature. 20.2 Test Specimen 20.2.1 SAMPLE B EFO RE OV EN AGINGA representative sample, approximately 12.5 mm (0.5 in) thick and a minimum area of 161 cm 2 (25 in2 ). 20.2.2 SPECIMEN SIZE FOR T EST METHOD Standard specimen size (in accordance with Section 15) shall be a disk 28.00 mm 0.50 mm (1.10 in 0.02 in) diameter and approximately 12.5 mm (0.5 in) thick. For thin materials, the disks shall be stacked to approximately 12.5 mm (0.5 in) in height. 20.3 Apparatus 20.3.1 The air-oven aging test as described in ASTM D 573 shall be used for cellular rubber, except that the sample and test specimen size shall be as described in Section 19.3. See 17.2 for compression deflection apparatus. 20.4 Procedure 20.4.1 Cut three standard test specimens out of a larger test sample and place the remaining part of the sample in an oven for 168 h 1 h oven aging. Allow to cool for at least 2 h but not more than 24 h and then cut three standard test specimens that are at least 1 in from any edge or cut surface. Determine compression deflection (see 17.4). Determine percent change in compression deflection. 20.5 Calculation 20.5.1 Express the results as a percentage of the change in compression deflection, calculated as shown in Equation 2. P = [ ( A O ) O ] 100 where: P = Change in compression deflection, % O = Original compression deflection, and A = Final compression deflection after oven aging 20.6 Report 20.6.1 Report the following information: 20.6.1.1 Time and temperature of test 20.6.1.2 Original and final compression deflection data 20.6.1.3 Percent change for three specimens 20.6.1.4 Percent change, average of three specimens (Eq. 2)

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 20.7 Requirements 20.7.1 See Tables 1 and 2. 20.8 Precision and Bias 20.8.1 See Section 25. 21. Water Absorption Test

21.1 Scope 21.1.1 This test method determines the water absorption properties of a closed cell foam by measuring the change in weight (mass) after a specified immersion period. This test method is indirectly a measure of the samples cell structure/closed cell content. The water absorption test (see Footnote 1 of Table 2) is applicable to expanded rubber (closed-cell type). It should not be used on sponge rubber (open-cell type) unless they are completely encased in an added skin. 21.2 Test Specimens 21.2.1 Test specimens approximately 12.5 mm (0.050 in) in thickness and 2500 mm 2 (4 in2 ) in area shall be used for this test. Round specimens are preferable. 21.3 Procedure 21.3.1 Submerge specimens in distilled water at room temperature, 18 to 35 C (65 to 95 F) 50 mm (2 in) below the surface of the water, and reduce the pressure above the water to 17 kPa (2.5 psi absolute) for 3 min. Release the vacuum, and allow the specimen to remain submerged for 3 min at atmospheric pressure. Remove the specimen, blot dry, and calculate the percent change in mass. 21.4 Calculation 21.4.1 Calculate the percent change in mass as shown in Equation 3. W = [ ( A B ) B] 100 where: W = Change in mass, % A = Final mass of specimen B = Initial mass of specimen 21.5 Report 21.5.1 Report the following information: 21.5.1.1 Original and final weights of three specimens 21.5.1.2 Percent change in weight for each 21.5.1.3 Average percent change for the three specimens (Eq. 3)

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 21.6 Requirements 21.6.1 See Table 2. 21.7 Precision and Bias 21.7.1 See Section 25. 22. Test for Compression Set Under Constant Deflection (Calculations Based on Amount of Deflection) Suffix B (1, 2, 3)

22.1 Scope 22.1.1 This test method determines the recovery properties of a sample when subjected to a constant deflection for a specified time/temperature/deflection by measuring its gage before and after the test period. 22.2 Test Specimens 22.2.1 Standard test specimens shall be used for this test. They shall be cut so that opposite edges are parallel, either from the finished product in a manner agreed upon by the parties concerned, or, as shown in Figure 1, from standard test slabs or from commercial flat sheets. The thickness of the test specimens may vary, but shall be measured and stated in the report. The minimum thickness for open-cell sponge rubber shall be 6mm (0.250 in). These samples of open-cell sponge rubber may be plied up to obtain this thickness. The minimum thickness for closed-cell expanded rubber shall be 12.5 mm (0.50 in). Thin samples of closed-cell expanded rubber shall not be plied up to obtain this thickness. A standard test specimen may be used for either open-cell sponge or closed expanded material, if agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser. 22.3 Procedure 22.3.1 The apparatus and procedure shall be the same as that prescribed in Method B of ASTM D 395, except as follows: For open-cell (sponge) rubber, compress test specimens to 50% of their original thicknesses. Release the load at the end of 22 h and measure the thickness after a 30 min rest at room temperature. For closed-cell (expanded) rubber, compress the test specimens to 50% of their original thicknesses. Release the load at the end of 22 h and measure the thickness after 24 h at room temperature. In both cases (opencell sponge and closed-cell expanded rubber), measure the thickness as described in 15.3.2. The temperature of the test for open-cell (sponge) rubber shall be 70 C 2 C (158 F 4 F), except for Class 1D rubbers. The temperature of the test for closed-cell (expanded) rubber shall be 23 C 2 C (73.4 F 4 F), except for Class 2D rubber. For Class 1D and 2D rubber, the temperature of the test shall be 100 C 1 C (212 F 2 F). The time of the test shall be as specified. Chromium-plated metal plates are not required. Aluminum plates or any stiff plates that are clean and smooth, and that will not deflect measurably under the load necessary for deflection of the specimen, may be used. 22.4 Calculation 22.4.1 Calculate the percentage compression set as shown in Equation 4: Compression set, %= [ ( t0 t1 ) ( t0 t s) ] 100 where: t0 = Original thickness t1 = Thickness of specimen after specified recovery period ts = Thickness of space bar used (Eq. 4)

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 22.5 Report 22.5.1 Report the following information: 22.5.1.1 Duration and temperature of oven exposure 22.5.1.2 Original and final thickness for three specimens 22.5.1.3 Percent set for each specimen 22.5.1.4 Average percent set for the specimens 22.6 Requirements 22.6.1 See Tables 1 and 2. 22.7 Precision and Bias 22.7.1 See Section 25. 23. Low-Temperature Flex Test Suffix F1, 40 C 1 C ( 40 F 2 F) Suffix F2, 55 C 1 C ( 67 F 2 F) Suffix F3, 75 C 1 C ( 103 F 2 F) 23.1 Scope 23.1.1 This test is to determine the brittleness of cellular rubber at low temperatures. 23.2 Apparatus 23.2.1 A low-temperature chamber capable of 75 C (103 F) that can be accurately controlled for low temperatures. If the box is cooled by dry ice, the specimen should not make direct contact with gaseous CO 2 . This chamber must be large enough to permit the bending of the test piece while it is still in the box. 23.2.2 Mandrel diameter shall be approximately 4 times the sample thickness. 23.3 Test Specimens 23.3.1 The test specimens shall be 50 mm 10 mm (2 in 0.5 in) wide by 140 mm 10 mm (6 in 0.5 in) long by 3mm (0.125 in) to 12.5 mm (0.50 in) thick. 23.4 Procedure 23.4.1 Place three test specimens and mandrel in a low-temperature chamber for 5 h 0.25 h at 40 C (40 F), 55C (67 F), or 75 C (103 F) as specified by the suffix letter and number. 23.4.2 At the end of the test period, open the cold box and bend the specimen 180 degrees around the mandrel taking no longer than 2 to 3 s to perform the bend. If there are multiple samples, bend and record results as soon as possible to maintain temperature to within 5 C of set temperature.

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 23.5 Report 23.5.1 Report the following information: 23.5.1.1 Whether the sample showed any indication of cracking or if it was still pliable. All specimens must show no signs of cracking. 24. Test for Density Suffix W

24.1 Scope 24.1.1 D ENS ITY CA LCULATIO N (S UFFIX WThis test method describes the procedure for determining the density by calculation from the mass and volume of a specimen. 24.2 Test Specimen 24.2.1 Representative specimens of regular shape not less than 16 cm3 (1 in 3 ) in volume shall be cut from the sample to be tested. 24.3 Procedure 24.3.1 Weigh the specimen on a balance or scale graduated to permit weighing within 1% of the mass to be measured. 24.3.2 Determine the volume of the specimen to within 1% of the sample either by direct measurement or volume displacement. 24.4 Calculation 24.4.1 Calculate the density as shown in Equation 5: density , kg/m = A B where: A = Mass of specimen, kg B = Volume of specimen, m3 NOTETo convert this value to lb/ft 3 , multiply by 0.0624. 24.5 Report 24.5.1 Report the following information: 24.5.1.1 Mass, volume, and density of each specimen as well as the average value. 24.6 Requirements 24.6.1 To be determined between the supplier and the purchaser. 24.7 Precision and Bias 24.7.1 See Section 25.
3

(Eq. 5)

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 25. Precision and Bias

25.1 Precision and Bias 25.1.1 Precision and bias for SAE J18/ASTM D 1056 are based on a round robin study conducted in 1996/1997 in accordance with ASTM E 691, involving 3 materials tested by 14 laboratories. For each material, all the samples were prepared at one source, but the individual specimens were prepared at the laboratories that tested them. Each test result was the average of three individual determinations. Each laboratory obtained two test results for each material. The number of data points for each test varied because not all laboratories were able to participate in each test. The data obtained and the number of laboratories participating in each test is indicated in Tables 5 through 10. NOTECAUTIONThe explanations of r and R (25.1.2 through 25.1.2.2) are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering the approximate precision of this test method. The data should not be applied to acceptance or rejection of materials, as these data apply only to the materials listed in the round robin and are unlikely to be rigorously representative of other lots, formulations, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of this test method should apply the principles outlined in ASTM E 691 to generate data specific to their materials and laboratory (or between specific laboratories). TABLE 5COMPRESSION-DEFLECTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAE J18/ASTM D 1056, SECTION 17
NOTE 1Values expressed in units of kPa. NOTE 2Data based on results from 14 laboratories. Material C B A 1. x (average) 30.84 43.36 104.11 S r(1) 0.88 1.19 1.95 S R(2) 4.48 4.51 12.64 r(3) 2.45 3.32 5.47 R (4) 12.55 12.62 35.38

S r = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of the participating laboratories, as follows: S r = [[(S 1 )2 + (S 2 ) 2 ... + (S n )2 ]/n}1/2 S R = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation, as follows: S R = [(Sr ) 2 = (S L ) 2]1/2 where S L = standard deviation of laboratory means. r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 x Sr . R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 x SR.

2.

3. 4.

TABLE 6COMPRESSION SET IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAE J18/ASTM D 1056, SECTION 22

NOTE 1Values expressed in percent. NOTE 2Data based on results from 12 laboratories. Material C B A 1. x (average) 20.02 20.06 38.68 S r(1) 0.60 0.92 0.67 S R(2) 3.28 3.69 3.43 r(3) 1.87 2.57 1.87 R (4) 9.18 10.34 9.60

S r = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of the participating laboratories, as follows: S r = [[(S 1 )2 + (S 2 ) 2 ... + (S n )2 ]/n}1/2 S R = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation, as follows: S R = [(Sr ) 2 = (S L ) 2]1/2 where S L = standard deviation of laboratory means. r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 x Sr . R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 x SR.

2.

3. 4.

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002

TABLE 7WATER ABSORPTION IN ACCORDANCE SAE J18/ASTM D 1056, SECTION 21

NOTE 1Values expressed in percent. NOTE 2Data based on results from 7 laboratories. Material C B A 1. x (average) 0.96 1.44 5.99 Sr(1) 0.05 0.08 0.21 S R(2) 0.33 0.74 4.45 r(3) 0.13 0.22 0.58 R (4) 0.93 2.08 12.47

S r = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of the participating laboratories, as follows: S r = [[(S 1 )2 + (S 2 ) 2 ... + (S n )2 ]/n}1/2 S R = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation, as follows: S R = [(Sr ) 2 = (S L ) 2]1/2 where S L = standard deviation of laboratory means. r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 x Sr . R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 x SR.

2.

3. 4.

TABLE 8DENSITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAE J18/ASTM D 1056, SECTION 24

NOTE 1Values expressed in kg/m 3 . NOTE 2Data based on results from 9 laboratories. Material C B A 1. x (average) 69.17 144.09 201.01 Sr(1) 1.42 4.63 1.35 S R(2) 4.12 9.05 6.98 r(3) 3.98 12.97 3.77 R (4) 11.53 25.33 19.54

S r = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of the participating laboratories, as follows: S r = [[(S 1 )2 + (S 2 ) 2 ... + (S n )2 ]/n}1/2 S R = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation, as follows: S R = [(Sr ) 2 = (S L ) 2]1/2 where S L = standard deviation of laboratory means. r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 x Sr . R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 x SR.

2.

3. 4.

TABLE 9CHANGE IN COMPRESSION DEFLECTION AFTER OVEN AGING IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAE J18/ASTM D 1056, SECTION 20
NOTE 1Values expressed in units of kPa. NOTE 2Data based on results from 14 laboratories. Material C B A 1. x (average) 5.17 8.44 21.95 Sr(1) 2.12 3.61 4.28 S R(2) 4.46 5.60 6.33 r(3) 5.93 0.83 11.97 R (4) 12.47 15.93 17.71

S r = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of the participating laboratories, as follows: S r = [[(S 1 )2 + (S 2 ) 2 ... + (S n )2 ]/n}1/2 S R = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation, as follows: S R = [(Sr ) 2 = (S L ) 2]1/2 where S L = standard deviation of laboratory means. r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 x Sr . R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 x SR.

2.

3. 4.

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002

TABLE 10FLUID IMMERSION IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAE J18/ASTM D 1056, SECTION 19

NOTE 1Values expressed in percent. NOTE 2Data based on results from 11 laboratories. Material C B A 1. x (average) 113.15 153.46 250.21 Sr(1) 3.60 5.54 11.02 S R(2) 21.61 28.82 36.36 r(3) 10.07 15.51 30.85 R (4) 60.52 80.70 101.82

S r = within laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtained by pooling the within laboratory standard deviations of the test results from all of the participating laboratories, as follows: S r = [[(S 1 )2 + (S 2 ) 2 ... + (S n )2 ]/n}1/2 S R = between laboratories reproducibility, expressed as a standard deviation, as follows: S R = [(Sr ) 2 = (S L ) 2]1/2 where S L = standard deviation of laboratory means. r = within laboratory critical interval between the two test results = 2.8 x Sr . R = between laboratories critical interval between two test results = 2.8 x SR.

2.

3. 4.

25.1.2 C ONCEP T OF r A ND R IN TA BLES 5 THROUGH 10If S r and S R have been calculated from a large enough body of data, and for test results that were averages from testing three specimens for each test result, then the following applies: 25.1.2.1 RepeatabilityTwo test results obtained within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value for that material (r is the interval representing the critical difference between the two test results for the same material, obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on the same day in the same laboratory). 25.1.2.2 ReproducibilityTwo test results obtained by different laboratories shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the R value for that material (R is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the same material, obtained by different operators, using different equipment in different laboratories). 25.1.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with Tables 5 through 10 would have an approximate 95% (0.9) probability of being correct. 25.1.3 BIASThere are no recognized standards by which to estimate bias for these test methods. 26. Notes

26.1 Keywords Expanded rubber, flexible cellular, sponge. 26.2 Marginal Indicia The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.

PREPARED BY THE SAE COMMITTEE ON AUTOMOTIVE RUBBER SPECIFICATIONS

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SAE J18 Revised APR2002 RationaleChange to the document was a new section was added to the Scope. Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard ISO 6916-1 is similar to this document. Application The SAE Committee on Automotive Rubber Specifications has concluded, that in light of the fact that SAE J18 is a mirror image of ASTM D 1056 (Vol. 8.01), SAE J18 will be eliminated in the year 2005. This SAE Recommended Practice covers flexible cellular rubber products known as sponge rubber and expanded rubber, but does not apply to latex foam rubber or ebonite cellular rubber. The base material for an open/closed cellular product may be made of synthetic, natural, reclaimed rubber, or a mixture, and may contain other polymers or chemicals, or both, which may be modified by organic or inorganic additives. These elastomeric materials have properties similar to those of vulcanized rubber, namely (a) the ability to be converted from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting state by crosslinking (vulcanization) and or (b) substantial recovery of their original shapes when strained or elongated, or both. Extruded or molded shapes of sizes too small for cutting standard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by these methods and will usually require special testing procedures. In case of conflict between the provisions of this general specification and those of detailed specifications or test methods for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence. Reference to the test methods in this document should specifically state the particular test or tests desired. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portions of this document: This document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use . Reference Section ASTM D 395Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression Set ASTM D 471Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of Liquids ASTM D 573Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an Air Oven ASTM D 575Test for Rubber Properties in Compression ASTM D 832Practice for Rubber Conditioning for Low-Temperature Testing ASTM D 1056Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded Rubber ASTMD1171Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurface Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Specimens) ASTMD3182Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard Vulcanized Sheets ASTM D 3183Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products Developed by the SAE Committee on Automotive Rubber Specifications