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IT1451 - XML AND WEB SERVICES

UNIT I XML TECHNOLOGY FAMILY 9 XML Benefits Advantages of XML over HTML EDI Databases XML based standards Structuring with schemas DTD XML schemas XML processing DOM SAX Presentation technologies XSL XFORMS XHTML Transformation XSLT XLINK XPATH X query. UNIT II ARCHITECTING WEB SERVICES 9 Business motivations for web services B2B B2C Technical motivations Limitations of CORBA and DCOM Service oriented architecture (SOA) Architecting web services Implementation view Web services technology stack Logical view Composition of web services Deployment view From application server to peer to peer Process view Life in the runtime. UNIT III WEB SERVICES BUILDING BLOCKS 9 Transport protocols for web services Messaging with web services Protocols SOAP Describing web services WSDL Anatomy of WSDL Manipulating WSDL Web service policy Discovering web services UDDI Anatomy of UDDI Web service inspection Ad hoc discovery Securing web services. UNIT IV IMPLEMENTING XML IN EBUSINESS 9 B2B B2C applications Different types of B2B interaction Components of e-business XML systems EBXML Rosetta net Applied XML in vertical industry Web services for mobile devices. UNIT V XML CONTENT MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY 9 Semantic web Role of meta data in web content Resource description framework RDF schema Architecture of semantic web Content management workflow XLANG WSFL Securing web services. L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60 TEXT BOOKS 1. Ron Schmelzer&Travis Vandersypen, XML and Web Services Unleashed, Pearson Education, 2002. 2. Keith Ballinger,. NET Web Services Architecture and Implementation, Pearson Education, 2003. REFERENCES 1. David Chappell, Understanding .NET A Tutorial and Analysis, Addison Wesley, 2002. 2. Kennard Scibner and Stiver, M.c., Understanding SOAP, SAMS publishing, 2000. 3. Alexander Nakhimovsky and Tom Myers, XML Programming: Web Applications and Web Services with JSP and ASP, Apress, 2002.

SUBJECT CODE: IT1451 SUBJECT NAME: XML AND WEB SERVICES

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UNIT-I

XML TECHNOLOGY FAMILY PART A (1 MARK) 1. What does XHTML stand for? a. EXtensible HyperText Marking Language b. EXtra Hyperlinks and Text Markup Language c. EXtreme HyperText Markup Language d. EXtensible HyperText Markup Language 2. XHTML is a Web standard a. True b. False 3. XML and HTML will be replaced by XHTML a. True b. False 4. What is correct XHTML for a horizontal line? a. <hr> b. <hr/> 5. What is the correct XHTML for a paragraph? a. <p></p> b. <P></P> c. <P></p> d. </p><p> 6. What is correct XHTML for a line break? a. <break/> b. <br /> c. <br> 7. What is the correct XHTML for an attribute and its value? a. width=80 b. WIDTH=80 c. WIDTH="80" d. width="80" 8. All elements in XHTML must be closed a. True b. False 9. Is this correct XHTML? <ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea<ul> <li>Black tea</li> <li>Green tea</li> </ul> <li>Milk</li> </ul> a. True b. False 10. The DOCTYPE declaration has no closing tag a. True b. False 11. Which elements are mandatory in an XHTML document? a. doctype, html and body b. doctype, html, head, and body c. doctype, html, head, body, and title 12. XHTML documents must be "well-formed" a. True b. False 13. What XHTML code is "well-formed"? a. <p>A <b><i>short</i></b> paragraph b.<p>A <b><i>short</i></b> paragraph</p> c.<p>A <b><i>short</b></i> paragraph</p> 14. Which of the following is the right use of the lang attribute? a.<div language="en">Hello World!</div> b. <div lang="en" xml:lang="en">Hello World!</div> c.<div xml:language="en">Hello World!</div> 15. Which attribute replaces the name attribute for the following elements: a, applet, frame, iframe, img, and map? a. The id attribute b.The classes attribute c. The src attribute 16. Is attribute minimization allowed in XHTML? 2

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a. True b. False 17. Do all XHTML documents require a doctype? a. True b. False 18. What are the different DTDs in XHTML? a. Strict, Transitional, Loose b. Strict, Transitional, Frameset c.Strict, Transitional, Loose, Frameset 19. What is the most common XHTML DTD? a. Frameset b. Loose c. Transitiona d. Normal 20. All XHTML tags and attributes must be in lower case a. True b. False Answers: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 d a a b a b d b a a c a b b a a a b c a

PART B (2 MARKS) 21. What are the three major aspects to extend the enterprise from a constrained network to broad reach of web? Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Connection. Business-to-Employee (B2E) Connection. Business-to-Business (B2B) Connection. 22. What are the three key design elements that by omission contribute XMLs success? No display is assumed. There is no built-in data typing. No transport is assumed.XML specification makes no assumption about how XML is transported across the Internet. 23. Explain XML History XML is a meta language defined by world wide web consortium (W3C) and standardized in 1998.XML has given rise to numerous vertical industry vocabularies in support of B2B e-commerce, horizontal vocabularies that provide service to a wide range of industries and XML protocols that have used XMLs simple power of combination to open up new possibilities for doing distributed computing. 24. Highlight the difference between XHTML and HTML HTML: HTML, is an application of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), It allows an author to omit certain tags and use attribute minimization HTML does not It provides a shorthand notation for empty elements HTML parser is expected to attempt to recover and continue while encounters an error relating to the documents. HTML document need not be well-formed. XML: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, or XHTML, is an application of XML (Extensible Markup Language). It doesnt permit the omission of any tags or the use of attribute minimization. 3

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It provides a shorthand notation for empty elementsfor example, we could use <br/> instead of <br></br>which HTML does not. A XML document must be well-formed 25. What are the advantages of schema over DTD? (MAY/JUNE12) It provides more control over the type of data that can be assigned to elements and as compared to DTd. DTD dose not enable you to define your own customized data types. But schema definition enables you to create your own data types. It also allows specifying restrictions on data. The syntax for defining DTD is different from the syntax used for creating an XML document .But the syntax for defining XSD is the same as the syntax of an XML document. 26. What are the datatypes in an XML schema? Primitive,Derived,Atomic,List,Union 27. What are the different revolution in which XML is playing a major role? a)Data revolution b)Architectural revolution c)Software revolution 28. What are the advantages of XML?(MAY/JUNE13) XML files are human readable. Widespread industry support exists for XML due to its inexpensiveness and convenience in usage.It provides a way of creating domain specific vocabulary. It allows data interchange between different computers. It provides user selected view of data. 29. What is Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)? EDI is often used as the replacement for business communication through conventional business documents such as purchase orders,request for quotations,invoice and shipping notices.This kind of exchange takes place between trading partners. In order to interchange data using EDI to trading partners must be agreed upon a common format. 30. What is W3C (World Wide Web) Consortium? W3c is responsible for the development of web specifications that describe communication protocols and technologies for the web .XML was defined by w3c to ensure that structured data is uniform and independent of vendors of applications.W3c has laid down certain rules that meet to be followed by the all XML applications. Some of these rules are: a.XML must be directly usable over the internet. b. XML must support the wide variety of applications. c.XML must be SGML. d.XML documents must be human legible and clear.e.XML design must be formal and concise. 31. What is XML? XML stands for Extensible markup language a language developed by the World wide web consortium (W3C).It is considered a meta language because it is used To define other languages through the use of markup language ,which add structure and Meaning to document. 32. List out the reasons for not using attributes to store data. 1. Attributes cannot contain multiple values, while elements can have multiple sub elements. 2. Attributes are not easily expandable to account for future changes. 3. Attributes are more difficult than elements to manipulate with programs. 4. Attributes values are not easy to check against a document type definition. 4

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33. State the purpose of XML and HTML (NOV/DEC 11) HTML- it was designed as language to present hyperlinked, formatted information in a web browser. It is indented for consumption by humans XML it has the capability to represent metadata, provide validation, support extensibility by user, even basic needs of business. It is indented for consumption by both machine and humans. 34. What are all the XML language basics? i. Elements ii. Attributes iii. Entities 35. List the presentation technologies available in XML. (AU-NOV/DEC 11) CSS - Cascading Style Sheets XSL - provides users with ability to describe how XML data & document are to be formatted. Xforms - it is a GUI toolkit for creating user interfaces & delivering the results in XML. Xhtml - it is used you replace HTML with more flexible approach to display web content. VoiceXML - it is an emerging standard for speech enabled application. 36. What are entities? Give Example. Entities are used to create substitution strings within a XML document Example: XML and data evaluation can be defined with short string using entity declaration in DTD <!ENTITY xdr XML and data revolution>. 37. What is the role of XML? XML is the set of guidelines for describing structured data in plaintext rather than binary representation within the short period, time. XML has been widely used as language for variety of application ranging from vertical industry vocabularies to horizontal industry application to protocol. 38. What are XFORMS? XForm is a GUI tool kit for create user interface and deliver result in XML.Xform can work with a variety of standard as proprietary user interface, providing a set of visual control that replace the primitive form control in HTML and XHTML.Xforms are variety of button, scrollbars and menus integrated into single execution model that generates XML form data output. 39. What is VoiceXML? VoiceXML is an emerging standard for speech enabled application. Its XML syntax defines elements to control a sequence of interaction dialogues between a user and an implementation platform. The element defined as a part of VoiceXML control dialogues and rules for presentation information to and extracting information from and end-user using speech. Voice XML documents are stored on web servers. 40. What is XPath? XPath is used to navigate XML tree structures. XPath gets its name from its use of path notation to navigate through the hierarchical tree structure of an XML doucument.XPath allows for the section of the node or group of node through the use of a compact, on XML syntax. It is an important XML technology due to its role in providing a common syntax and semantics for functionality in both XSLT and Xpointer. 41. What are the Element Naming Rules used in XML? Names can contain letters, numbers and other characters. 5

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Names must not begin with number or punctuation. Names must not start with the string "XML" in any upper or lowercase form. Names must not contain spaces 42. What is DOM? What are the different levels of DOM? DOM is a W3C supported standard programming interface(API)that provides a platform and neutral interface to allow developers to programmatically access and modify content and structure of tree structured documents such as HTML or XML. The different levels of DOM are: (a)DOM Level 0 (b)DOM Level 1 ( c)DOM Level 2 (d)DOM Level 3 43. Write any two differences between XSLT and CSS? CSS XSLT Simple to use,and is suitable for simple It is complex to use. document Cannot reorder,add,delete because it is Can reorder,add,delete perform operations on elements elements aware of the structure of an XML document. 44. What are the different XSLT elements? i. Stylesheet ii. Value-of iii. For-each iv.Sort v.Text 45. What is XQuery?(MAY/JUNE12) XQuery is a W3C initiative to define a standard set of constructs for querying and searching XML documents. XQuery brings database query processing to XML. 46. What is XForm? XForm is an XML approach that overcomes the limitations of HTML forms. XForm includes a variety of buttons, scrollbars and menus. It generates XML form data as output. XForm's model has the capability to work with the variety of user interfaces. 47. What is XPath?(NOV/DEC12) Xpath is used to navigate XML tree structures. XPath gets its name from its use of a path notation to navigate through the hierarchical tree structure of an XML document. It is an important XML technology due to its role in providing a common syntax and semantics for functionality in both XSLT and XPointer. PART C (16MARKS) 48. Write short notes on XML and Web. 49. XML supports user defined languages that add meaning to data justify. 50. What are the revolutions of XML(4) (AU-NOV/DEC 11) 51. Consider the following table empl. Name Grade Basic Pay Allowance Deductions NetPay HRA CA DA PF Mediclaim create DTD for the above XML data (8) (AU-NOV/DEC 11) 52. Create a XSL file to display the employee names that have their netpay >=30000(refer above)(6)
(AU-NOV/DEC 11)

53. What is XSLT? Explain its usage. (NOV/DEC12) 54. Write a program using DOM parser to calculate the average price of a book. 6

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55. Write an XSL file to display the book details in ascending order of price. 56. Write an XML document to illustrate element, attributes and CDATA section. 57. Roles and Advantages of XML (8). Explain Web Services. (8) 58. Explain briefly XMLthe Three Revolutions 59. State the difference between XML schema and DTD (4) (AU-NOV/DEC 11) (MAY/JUNE13) 60. i. Name any four XML based markup language and highlight their features(6) ii. State the features of DOM (4) iii. Create a DTD spec for the following schems (6) Staff(name,deptid,staffed,address) Subject(subcode,name,semester) Tran(staffed,subcode,sem,sec). (Note: The staff will be having more than one record in Tran(i.e he/she can handle more the one subject). (AU-APR/MAY 11) 61. i. Campare XML with HTML.(4) ii. Why do we need XQuery and XPath?(6) iii. Write notes on: (6) i. XS2T ii.XSL (AU-APR/MAY 11) 62. Write note on XML based standards. Explain about XPATH in detail(NOV/DEC12& MAY/JUNE12) 63. What is EDI? Explain. Write note on structuring with schemas (MAY/JUNE13) UNIT-II ARCHITECHING WEB SERVICES PART A (1 MARK) 64. Why we used XSLT language? a. use to transport XML documents b. use to perform transaction b/w XML documents c. use to transform XML documents d. use to format XML documents 65. What does XML stand for? a. eXtra Modern Link b. eXtensible Markup Language c. Example Markup Language d. X-Markup Language 66. What is the correct syntax of the declaration which defines the XML version?: a. <xml version="a.0" /> b. <?xml version="a.0"?> c. <?xml version="a.0" /> d. None of the above 67. Which statement is true? a. All the statements are true b. All XML elements must have a closing tag c. All XML elements must be lower case d. All XML documents must have a DTD 68. Is it easier to process XML than HTML? a. Yes b. No c. Somtimes d. Cant say 69. Which of the following programs support XML or XML applications?: a. Internet Explorer 5.5 b. Netscape d.7 c. RealPlayer. d. both 1 and 2 70. Kind of Parsers are a. well-formed b. well-documented c. non-validating and validating d. none of the above 7

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71. Well formed XML document means a. it contains a root element b. it contain an element c. it contains one or more elements d. must contain one or more elements and root element must contain all other elements 72. Comment in XML document is given by a. <?-- --> b. <!-- --!> c. <!-- --> d. </-- -- > 73. When processing an output XML, "new line" symbols a. are copied into output "as is", i.e. "CR+LF" for Windows, CR for Macintosh, LF for Unix. b. are converted to single LF symbol c. are converted to single CR symbol d. are discarded 74. Which of the following strings are a correct XML name? a. _myElement b. my Element c. #myElement d. None of the above1 75. Which of the following strings are a correct XML name? a. xmlExtension b. xslNewElement c. XMLElement#123 d. All 76. Which of the following XML fragments are well-formed? a. <?xml?> b. <?xml version="a.0"?> c. <?xml encoding="JIS"?> d. <?xml encoding="JIS" version="a.0"?> 77. What are the predefined attributes a. xml:lang b. xml:space c. Both d. none. 78. Kind of Parsers are a. well-formed b. Validating c. non-validating d. Both 2 & 3 79. Valid XML document means (most appropriate) a. the document has root element b. the document contains atleast one or more root element c. the XML document has DTD associated with it & it complies with that DTD d. Each element must nest inside any enclosing element property 80. XML uses the features of a. HTML b. XHTML c. VML d. SGML 81. XML document can be viewed in a. IE c.0 b. IE b.0 c. IE 6.0 d. IE X.0 82. There is a way of describing XML data, how? a. XML uses a DTD to describe the data b. XML uses XSL to describe data c. XML uses a description node to describe data d. Both 1 and 3 83. What does DTD stand for? a. Direct Type Definition b. Document Type Definition c. Dynamic Type Definition Answers:
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83

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PART B (2 MARKS) 84. Define webservices? (AU-APR/MAY 11) Web services are a process and a set of protocols, web services offer different services through the web by providing access to softwares. Web services have three major aspects they are i. Service provider ii. Service requester iii. A broker 85. State the limitations of CORBA and DCOM. (AU-NOV/DEC 11) i. Programs were discrete chunks of code that ran on individual machine ii. In networks, technologies looked for ways to breakup program functionality on to multiple computer 86. Define SOa. (AU-NOV/DEC 11)(NOV/DEC12) SOA: Service Oriented Architecture. The term Service-Oriented means that the architecture is described and organized to support Web Services dynamic, automated description, publication, discovery and use. 87. What is HTTPR? (AU-NOV/DEC 11) HTTPR stands for Reliable Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is a protocol for the reliable transport of messages from one application program to another over the Internet, even in the presence of failures either of the network or the agents on either end. It is layered on top of HTTP. Specifically, HTTPR defines how metadata and application messages are encapsulated within the payload of HTTP requests and responses. HTTPR also provides protocol rules which make it possible to ensure that each message is delivered to its destination application exactly once or is reliably reported as undelivered. 88. Why do we choose HTTP as a transport protocol for Web Services? (AU-NOV/DEC 11) The most popular transport in the worldHTTPis built. HTTP is a connection-oriented protocol that is based on request and response messages in a single connection. Whereas TCP and UDP are based on binary layouts of data for destination and other metadata on the request, HTTP is based on text. 89. What are complex types? Complex types are an important aspects of XML schema that allow application developers to define application-specific data types that can be checked by programs that check XML document for validity. XML schema divides complex types into two categories: those with simple content & those with complex content. 90. What are all the Transformation techniques? XSLT - it is an XML- based languages used to transform XML documents into others format Such as HTML for web display. XLINK - highlighting that element or taking the user directly to that point in the document. XPATH- xpath gets its name from its use of a payh notation to navigate through the hierarchical tree structure of an XML document 9

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XQUERY - w3c initiative to define a standard set of constructs for querying &searching XML doc 91. Explain any two XForm implementations? X-Smiles - it is a java based XML browser. it implements a large part of X-forms & uses Xform together with XSL-FO on user interface side. Mozquito Xforms preview - is an XML based Web development s/w that implements Xforms & gives current Web browser the ability to send, receive & process XML document. 92. What is the use of SAX? (AU-APR/MAY 11) SAX is an event driven. SAX supports processing pipelines. SAX requires programmers to maintain state. 93. What is Info Set? A W3C initiative to provide a consistent set of definitions for use in other specifications that need to refer to the information in a well-formed XML document. Info Set is the basis for a variety of XML technologies. Info Set supports distinctions that are important when different XML specifications must interoperate. 94. Explain about cascading style sheet? Cascading style sheet is one of the presentation technologies of XML. CSS is an XML supporting technology for adding style display properties such as fonts, color, spacing to a web documents. CSS origins may be traced to the SHML world which used a style technology called Each rule is made up of a selector typically an element name such as an html heading or paragraph or a user defined XML element to the selector. Style rules have the following syntax: Selector {property: value} Multiple style declaration for a single selector are separated by a semicolon The following code has show how a css element can b added to a html or a XML document to define the color size properties. <STYLE TYPE=text/css>TITLE {font-size: x-large; color: red}</STYLE> 95. What is DTD? DTD stands for Document Type Definition.DTD is a description of the structure & the elements and attributes that define a class of XML document. DTD can be declared both internally in a XML document and as an external reference. 96. How is it different from XML Schema? DTD XML Schema 1. DTD is used to define the structure of 1. XML schema is used to define the structure of an XML document an XML document 2. Data type for elements limited to text. 2. Numerous predefined data types available 3. Complex data types cannot be defined 3. Ability to define complex type that map to application data structure 4. DTD document is stored as 4. XML schema document is stored as filename.dtd filename.XML 10

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97. What is XML? XML is the text based make up language that stores the data in a structured format using meaningful tags. It allows computers to store and exchange data in a format that can be interpreted by any other computer with different hardware or software specification. 98. Write the different between XML and HTML? XML HTML 1.XML stands for Extensible markup 1. HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark Up language Language 2.Several languages are derived from XML 2. HTML can be derived from XML 3.XML uses indefinite, user defined, 3.HTML uses a fixed set of tags which can be meaningful set of tags which can be used to used to specify the appearance of the include XML data in the webpage. webpage. 4. No restriction to use elements 4. Their is restriction to use an elements 99. Explain the creation of external DTD with example? A DTD may be external to an XML source document Syntax is: <! DOCTYPE root-element SYSTEM filename> Defining attributes in DTD <! ATTLISt element-name attribute-name attribute-type default-value> e.g. :<!ATTLIST payment type (DATA check) Example document.dtd <! ELEMENT memodoc(title,bodytext)> <! ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> <! ELEMENT body text (#PCDATA)> <! ATTLIST title name (DATA DTD example) XML code <? XML version=1.0?> <! DOCTYPE document SYSTEM document.dtd> <memodoc> <title> External dtd </title> <Bodytext> This is the body of external DTd </bodytext></memodoc> 100. What is valid XML document? If an XML document conforms to the rule set out by a DTD the XML is said to be valid with the respect to that DTD 101. Define logical view(NOV/DEC12) 102. Define process view(NOV/DEC12) 103. Define implementation view(MAY/JUNE13) 104. What is DCOM? (MAY/JUNE13) 11

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PART C (16MARKS) 105. Explain the motivation for web services. (MAY/JUNE13) 106. Explain B2B and B2C 107. What is SOA? List the conventional architecture and explain how it differs from SOA(10)
(AU-NOV/DEC 11)

108. With a neat sketch explain Web Service Technology Stack(8) (AU-NOV/DEC 11) (NOV/DEC12) 109. Sate and explain the key functional components of SOA (8) (AU-NOV/DEC 11) 110. State the merits and demerits of CORBA (6) (AU-NOV/DEC 11) 111. i. With a neat sketch explain the structure of SOa. (10) (NOV/DEC12) &(MAY/JUNE13) ii. Name the roles played by organizations in B2B interaction. ii. iii. State the merits and demerits of DCOM. (4) (AU-APR/MAY 11) 112. i. What is meant by composition of web service? (4) ii. List the limitations of CORBA and DCOM (4)( MAY/JUNE12) iii. Explain how web services are architected. (8) (AU-APR/MAY 11)(MAY/JUNE12)

UNIT-III 113.

114.

115.

116.

117. 118.

WEB SERVICES BUILDING BLOCK PART A (1 MARK) What is a web service? a. A standard way of integrating web-based applications b. One type of service that can be part of a Service Oriented Architecture c. Programmable XML-based service d. All of the above Web services enables a. data can be exchanged between various applications and different platforms b. to resolve interoperability issues c. applications to function between two different operating systems server d.all of the above What are the web service platform elements? a. SOAP, UDDI, XML b. HTTP, WSDL c.UDDI, XML, SOAP d. SOAP, UDDI, WSDL Coding and decoding, and transporting the data is performed by a. XML and UDDI respectively b.XML and SOAP respectively c.HTML and HTTP respectively d. HTML and SOAP respectively Which of the following is used to locate and describe web services? a. SOAP b. Web page c. WSDL d. UDDI Why SOAP is used as a protocol for accessing a web service? a. SOAP platform and language independent, allows to get around firewalls b. SOAP is based on HTML c. SOAP is designed to communicate through LAN d. All of the above

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119. Which of the following is a directory service where enterprises register and search for web services? a.WSDL b. UDDI c. supporting protocols of SOAP d. None of the above 120. State True False. A windows application creation or a web application creation is mandatory in order to test a web service. a.True b. False 121. In accessing a web service through synchronous call, a. application can make a call to the web service and then continue to perform the needed task b. a service notifies the application when it is ready c. application has to wait until execution is completed d. None of the above 122. Which of the following is used to perform remote procedure calls in web services? a. HTTP-RPC b. XML-HTTP c. XML-RPC d. SOAP-XML 123. Service Transport, XML Messaging, Service Description and Service Discovery are four layers of a. web service implementing client components b. web service protocol stack c. web service supporting repository d.web service supporting request and response components 124. Which of the following three kinds of data that web services have? a. shared data, processed data, form data b. shared data, pre-session data and temporary data c.shared data, post-session data and temporary data d.shared data, pre-session data and permanent data 125. The core components, registry and repository, business processes, trading partner agreements are defined in _____ standards of web services a. UDDI b. SOAP c. WSDL d. ebXML (e-business XML) 126. Which of the following is an open source SOAP server and client? a. Apache ANT b. Apache Tomc c. Jakarta Struts d. Apache Axis 127. What is new about web services? a. XML a common language for describing RMC b. XML a common language for describing web services c. XML a common language for describing web service directories d. All of the above 128. Can two different programming languages be mixed in a single ASMX file? a. Yes b. No 129. What are the possible pivot-handlers in java webservices? a. java:RPC, java:EJB b. java:WSDL, java:UDDI c.java:eb-xml, java:SOAP d. None of the above 130. Web services are the amalgamation of a.XML and SOAP b. XML and HTTP c. WSDL and UDDI d. eb-XML and WSDL 131. Web Services attempts to describe architecture based on a.Representational State Transfer (REST) b. Remote Procedure Calls c.Reusable Application Components d. None of the above 13

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132. Registry services such as managing information about service providers, service implementations and service metadata is provided by a.WSDL b.UDDI c.REST d. SPARQL Answers:
109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128

a (2

PART B MARKS)

133. What is HTTP and its use? HTTP is an important building block for using XML as a Web-based messaging protocol. In 1992 that the face of the Internet was changed through the use of a simple request-response protocol known as HTTP. HTTP works much like FTP except that the contents of a file are delivered to a browser instead of a file system. 134. Explain GET command File. GET Filename this command interpreted as a request to a server listening on port 80. The response of the server is either the contents of the requested file or a string indicating an error. HTTP gains its power from its simplicity and its explicit avoidance of transport lock-in. HTTP sits on top of TCP/IP, which is responsible for reliably moving data between Internet nodes. 135. What is POST command for? The POST command is a request for a server to do something with data delivered as part of the POST message. POST was included in the GTTP specification in order to deliver HTML from data to a server for processing by some server program. 136. What is SOAP? SOAP-Simple Object Access Protocol Soap gives set of rules for moving data directly to the recipient or through and intermediate message queue. Soap uses common web protocols like HTTP, FTP and SMTP to enable communication across the web. 137. What is UDDI?( MAY/JUN13) UDDI means Universal Description, Discovery and Integration. It is a protocol for communicating with registries. The core of UDDI is the UDDI Business Registry, a global, pubic, online directory. 138. What is WSDL?(NOV/DEC12) WSDL is Web Service, Definition Language. WSDL is the piece of Web services framework that describes how to connect to web service providers. The WSDL specification supports the building of web based computing services that target computer programs rather than human users. 139. Name a few WSDL bindings. (AU-APR/MAY 11) a. Transport that the SOAP messages will use. b.Style of the operations. 14

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c.Encoding use of the operations. d.SOAPAction. 140. Explain XML-RPc. XML-RPC, which does remote procedure calls over the Internet, is a great example of out-ofthe-box thinking. In confronting the communication problem of how a program on machine A can get some code on machine B to run, XML-RPC ignores the difficulty entirely and delegates the transport to HTTP, focusing instead on the details of what to say, not how to get the message there 141. Distinguish between SOAP and other binary protocols. (AU-APR/MAY 11)(NOV/DEC12) SOAP provides a way to communicate between applications running on different operating systems, with different technologies and programming languages. SOAP is a protocol that specifies an enveloping mechanism for sending data (via XML). Whereas the other protocol are specific to some task or application. 142. What data type does SOAP use? XML-RPC uses XML Schema data types to specify the parameter types of the procedure call. Data types include scalars, numbers, strings, and dates, as well as complex record and list structures. 143. Describe HTTP GET command? HTTP is an important building block for using XML as a web based messaging protocol. Client request files from servers using a simple text string of the form GET filename The HTTP GET command request a web page .The HTTP POST command delivers information and receives information back 144. Data Typing in XML-RPc. XML-RPC elements simply define a vocabulary to communicate information about a piece of code to be executed on some remote server. XML-RPC uses XML schema data types to specify the parameter types of the procedure call. Data type include scalars, numbers, strings and dates as well as complex record and list structure 145. Describe SOAP fault. SOAP fault occurs when an application cannot understand a SOAP message or when error occurs during the processing of a message. The information that can be returned as a part of a fault includes the following: SOAP code: SOAP defines a set of fault codes for basic SOAP Errors. Fault string: This element provides a readable explanation as to why the fault occurred. Detail: The value of the detail element is that it provides information about the problem that occurred while processing the body element. If not present, it indicates that the problem did not occur in the body of the SOAP. 146. What is XML Protocol Working Group? The XML Protocol Working Group is W3C group formed in response to the submission of the SOAP1.1 specifications as the basis for a universal XML-based protocol. The formation of the working group signals the W3Cs willingness to consider extending the Web from a network that delivers documents and links to human users, to a network that supports communication between applications. 147. What is the goal of XML Protocol Working Group? The goal of the XML Protocol Working Group is the creation of simple protocols that can be deployed across the Web and easily programmed through scripting languages, XML and Web tolls. 148. What is SOAP with attachments? 15

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The SOAP with attachments document defines a binding for a SOAP message to be carried within a for Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) multipart/related message in such a way that processing rules SOAP messages are preserved. 149. When do SOAP faults occur? SOAP faults occur when an application cannot understand a SOAP message or when an error occurs during the processing of a message. 150. What are Message Paths in SOAP? An important aspect of SOAP is the provision for message paths. Independent of the transport protocol is used to send SOAP messages; msg may be routed from server along a so-called message path 151. Difference between SOAP and IIOP, ORPC & JRME? SOAP IIOP, ORPC, JRME Text based protocol that uses XML Able to move more easily across firewalls. SOAP is standard driven Binary protocols The process is somewhat tedious these protocols are vendor Driven 152. What are the parts in the SOAP message? SOAP Envelope: Outer most element of a soap message. A envelope element is a root of a XML document. SOAP Header: It is optional usually header provides information about directing SOAP servers to do processing before passing the SOAP message. SOAP Body: the XML document to be transported is loaded in the body element. 153. What is XML RPC? A protocol for doing remote procedure calls over the Web where the information about what procedure to call and what parameters to pass are encoded as XML in the body of an HTTP POST request to a server. 154. Which are the environments that supporting SOAP? Web services frameworks used SOAP as the transport technology. The .Net from Microsoft support SOAP. SUN is using SOAP, in its web services framework SUN OPEN NET environment (SUN1). IBM provides SOAP protocol tools. CORBA vendors such as Iona are supporting SOAP in the form of CORBA to SOAP bridges. 155. What is the need for securing web services(MAY/JUN13) PART B (16 MARKS) 156. Explain the role of web services in e-commerce with suitable examples.(MAY/JUN12) 157. Explain the structure of a SOAP message with an example. 158. Write short notes on: i. UDDI ii. WSDL(MA/JUN13) 159. i. State and explain the versions of WSDL (2) (AU-NOV/DEC 11) (MA/JUN13) ii. Summarize the features of UDDI (6) 160. Explain the SOAP protocol. 16

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161. Describe the main components of RDF. 162. Briefly Explain About HTTP & XML-RPC 163. Explain about SOAP message, design patterns, faults, and SOAP with attachments. 164. i. List the attributes associated with SOAP and explain. (5) ii. What is Adhoc-Discovery? What information does server needs to publish in order to meet a clients needs. (8) iii. What is meant by sparse arrays? How it is used in SOAP? (3) (AU-APR/MAY 11) 165. i. Write a SOAP request and response for the simple calculate web service (6) ii. Name the transport protocols generally used with SOAP? Why? (6) iii. List out the role of UDDI in a web service. (AU-APR/MAY 11)(NOV/DEC12) 166. Explain the following (AU-NOV/DEC 11) i. Describe the functionalities of UDDI protocol (6) ii. How binding of SOAP with HTTP protocol is done (4) iii. In detail explain some web service technologies (6) 167. What is messaging with web services? Explain. Write note on web services(MAY/JUN12) 168. Describe in detail about web services messaging and transport protocols.
(NOV/DEC12)

169. Explain about manipulating discovery(MAY/JUN13) UNIT- IV

WSDL.

Write

note

on

Adhoc

IMPLEMENTING XML IN E-BUSINESS PART A (1 MARK) 170. E-business software is best defined as to manage: a. sell-side e-commerce applications. b. internal administrative applications. c. buy-side applications. 171. ___ are networks that connect people within a company to each other and to the company network. a. Intranets b. Extranets c. Bitstreams d. Internets 172. ___ is the encompassing term that involves the use of electronic platforms - intranets, extranets and the Internet - to conduct a company's business. a. E-commerce b. E-marketing c. E-procurement d. E-business 173. Which of the following is not one of the benefits of e-commerce to sellers? a. E-commerce is a powerful tool for customer relationship building. b. E-commerce can help to reduce costs. c. E-commerce increases the net cost per contact. d. E-commerce offers greater flexibility in meeting customer needs. 174. The E-commerce domain that involves business activity initiated by the consumer and targeted to businesses is known as: a. Business to Business (B2B). b. Consumer to Business (C2B). c. Business to Consumer (B2C). d. Consumer to Consumer (C2C). 175. CRM stands for. 17

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a. Customer Relationship Management b. Customer Relations Management c. All of the above d. None of the above 176. When crafting e-business direction, management must pay careful attention to three interlocking layers: a. E-business design b. E-business application Infrastructure c. E-business Infrastructure d. All of the above 177. The type of website that engages consumers in interactions that will move them closer to a direct purchase is known as a______________ website. a. customer service b. interactive c. corporate d. marketing 178. When preparing a website, designers should ensure that the site enables user-to-user communication. This design feature is known as. a. commerce b. context c. community d. connection 179. When preparing a website, designers should ensure that the site makes effective use of the text, pictures and video. This design feature is known as a. communication b. connection c. content d. context 180. Currency used in e-business transactions around the world a. Dollars b. Rupees c. None of the above d. All of the above 181. Problem of presentation of e-business in India is due to a. Lack of proper knowledge b.Lack of PC presentation c.Most of the markets are in villages d. All the above 182. The types of customers availing e-business are a.Children b.Adult c.Old generation d.All the above 183. E-bay is a good example to define a. B2B b.B2C c.G2C d.C2C 184. E-business is a. The use of electronic communications to support the full range of business prodesses b. An organization using electronic media to sell direct to its customers c. An organization using electronic media to purchase from its suppliers d. Any electronically mediated communication between an organization and its stakeholders 185. Two e-business models currently exist are a. B2C & B2D b. B2C & B2B c.A2B & B2C d.B2B & A2A 186. A widely used method that uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt a data transmission is referred to as a.PKI b. Digital signatureDES c.None of the above 187. Hit counter present in a website a. Counts number of hits for a web site, provided by ISP, is a s/w b. Helps track down the number of people who have visited the site c.All of the above d. None of the above 188. Example for an auction site a. E-bay b. Ibibo c. Facebook d. orkut

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189. __ is the encompassing term that involves the use of electronic platforms - intranets, extranets and the Internet - to conduct a company's business. a. E-commerce b. E-marketing c. E-procurement d. E-business Answers:
162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181

a (2

PART B MARKS)

190. What is Web Services? Web service is a technology, a process, and a phenomenon. As a technology it is a set of protocols that builds on the global connectivity made possible by SOAP and HTTP. As a process, it is an approach to s/w discovery and connection over web. As a phenomenon, its an industry wide realization. 191. What are the things available in Web Services? Describing: Web services describe its functionality and attributes Exposing: Web services register with a repository that contains a white pages holding basic service-provider information, a yellow pages listing services by category, and a green pages describing how to connect and use the services. Being invoked: When a web service has been located, a remote application can invoke the services. Returning a response: When a service has been invoked, results are returned to the requesting application. 192. What Qualifies as Web Services? A Web service is anything that can define itself via an internet. The things that can be expressed as web services: i.S/W Component/Application ii.A Movie review iii.A travel package 193. List out the advantage of Web services technology? Decide on the service it wants to provide, Pick a registry for uploading its information Decide how to list its service at the registry, Define explicitly how users can connect to its service 194. What are the major aspects of Web service technologies? A service provider provides an interface for s/w that can carry out a specified set of tasks. A service requester discovers and invokes a software service to provide business solution. A repository or broker manages and publishes the service. Service providers publish their services with the broker, and requests access those services by creating bindings to the service provider. 195. List out the key technologies? UDDI is a protocol for describing Web services components that allows businesses to register with an Internet directory and advertise their services. WSDL is the proposed standard for describing a Web services. WSDL is built around an XML-based service Interface Definition Language that defines both the service interface 19

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and implementation details. SOAP is a protocol for communicating with a UDDI service. 196. What are Web Services Registry Directories? 1. White Pages: holding basic service-provider information 2. Yellow Pages: listing services by category 3. Green Pages: describing how to connect and use the services. 197. What are the risks in Web Services? 1. Maturity: Different implementation may not work together. 2. Security: SOAP messages on port 80 bypass firewalls. So network administrator has to implement necessary security to prevent attacks. 3. Transaction: Transaction must be specified outside the web services framework such as .NET or J2EE. 4. Configuration Management: Change management is not addressed. 198. What is ebXML?( NOV/DEC12) ebXML is Electronic Business XML. It adds process to e-business interaction. It represents a global initiative to define processes that can interact over the web. The effort of ebXML includes multiple specifications that define standard ways to exchanging business message, communicating data and defining and registering business processes. 199. Specify the components of ebXML (AU-NOV/DEC 11) Collaborative protocol profile Core components, Messaging, Business processes and information modeling Registry and Repository 200. State the uses of Rosetta net? (AU-APR/MAY 11)(MAY/JUN12) Rosetta Net is a non-profit consortium aimed at establishing standard processes for the sharing of business information (B2B). Rosetta Net is a consortium of major Computer and Consumer Electronics, Electronic Components, Semiconductor Manufacturing, Telecommunications and Logistics companies working to create and implement industry-wide, open e-business process standards. These standards form a common e-business language, aligning processes between supply chain partners on a global basis 201. What is Transaction? Transaction is a set of software operation that should satisfy the ACID properties of transactions. The ACID properties are Atomicity: either all of the operation should be performed or none of them should be performed Consistency: refers to data consistency Isolation: only one transaction can manipulate data at a particular time. Durability: the recoverability of the updated data even when a failure occurs after the commit operation is performed. 202. What is Identity? 20

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Web based network services need a way to authenticate & validate users. To do this system validates the user based on permissions stored in some database to determine what the user can and cant do. 203. What is passport? Passport is Microsofts single-sign-on authentication service that allow users to access web size and services. Microsofts Passport maintains identity across a variety of applications. Passport has been integrated with Microsofts Hotmail email service and is the entry of .NET My services. 204. List B2B and B2C applications(MAY/JUN13) 205. What is Meta data? (MAY/JUN13) PART C (16MARKS) 206. Explain the technical architecture of ebXML. 207. Explain the different types of B2B interaction.(MAY/JUN12)(NOV/DEC12) 208. Explain the B2C application. 209. Explain the concept of web services for mobile. (MAY/JUN12) 210. In detail explain three kinds of integration techniques applied in mobile web services(8)
(AU-NOV/DEC 11)

211. List the roles of ResettaNet standards for B2B interaction(8) (AU-NOV/DEC 11) 212. Explain the following (AU-NOV/DEC 11) i. What are the security requirements of eBusiness? (6) (NOV/DEC12) ii.List out the core components of ebXML. (6) (NOV/DEC12) iii.Why do we need B2B standards? Give examples. (4) 213. i. Name the roles played by organization in B2B interaction and list some Standards used in B2B? (4) ii. What is EBXML? Describe the roleEBXML in Web based business Environment? (8) iii. How web services help in building e-commerce application? (4) (AU-APR/MAY 11) 214. i. How RosettaNet helps to build B2B interaction? (6)(MAY/JUN13) ii. Differentiate WSDL and EDL. (4) iv. How to Web service can be deployed in Mobile device? (6) (AU-APR/MAY 11) v. Write note on EBXML(MAY/JUN13) UNIT-V XML AND CONTENT MANAGEMENT PART A (1 MARK) 215. RDF stands for a. Record Description Framework b. Resource Description Framework c. Reuse Description Framework d. Random Description Framework 216. <?xml version= 1.0 standalone= yes encoding=UTF-8 ?>

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217. 218.

219.

220. 221.

222.

223. 224. 225.

226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231.

a. it shows that the version is 1.0 b. shows thatit is standalone c. the standalone is wrong d. version attribute is not in XML The attribute used to define a new namespace is a. XMLNS b. XmlNameSpace c. Xmlns d. XmlNs To match the root node in XMLT transform the syntax will be a.. <xsl:template match=Document> b. <xsl:template match=Root> c.. <xsl:template match=RootNode> d. <xsl:template match= /> To match the specific XML elements child like of parent element is the syntax will be a. xsl:template match=PLANET_NAME> b..<xsl:template match=PLANET/NAME> c. <xsl:template match=/NAME> d. <xsl:template match=//> PI in XML specification stands for a.. 3.14 b. priceless instruction c. processing instruction d. polymorphic inheritance A validating XML application should be used when: a. the design demands that all elements use both start and end tags b. missing or out-of-place elements could cause application errors c. attribute values cannot refer to external entity references d. High performance is an important architectural constraint A DSO operates like a. data simulation object at server side b. dynamic source object at client side c. data source object at client side d. data simulation object at client side The XSL formating object use to format a list is a. list-block b. list-item c. list-item-body d. list-item-label The attribute used to define a new namespace is a. XMLNS b. XmlNameSpace c. Xmlns d. XmlNs Identify the most accurate statement about the application of XML: a. XML must be used to produce XML and HTML output. b. XML cannot specify or contain presentation information. c. XML is used to describe hierarchically organized information. d. XML performs the conversion of information between different e-business applications. The XSl formatting object which formats the data and caption of a table is a. table b. table-content c. table-text d. none of the above The XSL formating object which holds the content of the table body a. table b. table-body c. table-content d. table-footer The XSL formatting object which formats the data in a table a. table b. table-body c. Title d. table-content The XSL formating object use to hold the content of the label of a list item is a. list-block b. list item c. list-item-body d. list-item-label The XSL formating object use to hold the contents of the body of a list item is a.list-block b. list item c. list-item-body d. list-item-label XLANG stands for a.XML based Language b.eXtra Language d.eXtensible Language 22

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232. What is a qualified name? a. Any name conforming to the XML Names specification b. A name having prefix and local name separated by a colon c. A name applying only to qualified elements and attributes d. None of the above 233. WSFL stands for a. Web Service Format Language b. World Service Format Language b. Web Service Flow Language d. Web Service Flow Locator 234. XSL has block container for formating the document a. to create a display block to format the titles b. to create a display block to format the paragraphes c. to create a display block to format the headlines & figures d. to create a block level reference area Answers:
205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224

PART B (2 MARKS) 235. What is RDF (Resource Description Framework)?(MAY/JUN12) A foundation for processing metadata. It provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information on the web. RDF emphasizes facilities to enable automated processing of web resources. 236. What is metadata? (MAY/JUN13) Literally data about data. XML element and attribute names are considered metadata in that they may be used to describe the data contained in a document. Metadata isnt needed but it certainly helps. 237. State the architecture of RDF. (AU-NOV/DEC 11) RDF was designed based on the following concept 1.Resource 2. Property type 3. Property 4. Descriptiion 238. What is XLANG? (AU-NOV/DEC 11) Exchange Language Web Service for Business Process Design Microsoft runnable on all platforms. Written format is XML XLANG/s encourages a clear separation between process and implementation. 239. What are the components of RDF? (MAY/JUN12) RDF is built on the following three definitions: Resources: All things described by RDF expressions are called resources. Properties: are specific aspects, characteristics, attributes or relations used to describe resources. Statements: A statement consists of a resource, a property and a value. 240. What are RDF vocabularies? 23

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RDF is designed to have the following characteristics: 1. Independence. 2. Interchangeability. 3. Scalability. 4. Properties functioning as resources. 5. Values functioning as resources. 6. Statements functioning as resources. 241. What is XKMS? XKMS is a W3C initiative that targets the delegation of trust processing decisions to one or more specialized trust processors to give businesses an easier way to manage digital signatures and data encryption .Instead of relaying on proprietary public-key infrastructure implementations, companies can use standard interfaces to work with different vendors to handle issues surrounding digital certification checking, revocation status checking, and validation. 242. Define XKMS structure? XKMS specifies protocols for distributing and registering public keys and is suitable for use in conjunction with the proposed standard for XML signature and as a companion standard for XML encryption. XKMS has two parts XML key information service specification(X-KISS) XML key registration service specification(X-KRSS). 243. What is semantic web? (AU-APR/MAY 11) The Semantic Web is a web that is able to describe things in a way that computers can understand 244. How XLANG is used in content management? (AU-APR/MAY 11) XLANG is an XML-based extension of Web Services Description Language (WSDL). XLANG/s was designed to use Internet standards such as XML, XSD, and Web Services Description Language (WSDL). Exchange Language Web Service for Business Process Design Microsoft runnable on all platforms. Written format is XML 245. Define X-KRSS? This defines a protocol for a web service that accepts registration of public key information. Once registered the public key may be used in conjunction with other web services including XKISS. 246. Steps involved in XML encryption? Selecting the XML to be encrypted. Converting to canonical form if using entities or namespaces with prefixes. Encrypting the resulting canonical form using public key encryption. Sending the encrypted XML to the intended recipient. 247. What are digital signatures? A digital signature guarantees document authenticity. In combination with Public-key encryption it is used to authenticate the identity of the sender by encrypting with a private key and to validate the content of the message by transmitting a copy of the digital hash of the message. Digital signatures can be used in a range of applications from online credit card purchases to the verification of complex legal documents. 248. What is single-key cryptography? 24

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Single-key cryptography is the basis for classic encryption. In the past, the encryption systems used a single secret key for encoding and decoding information. However, single key encryption systems face the problem of making the single key known to the message recipient. In electronic commerce, single-key systems are effective for secure communication between fixed devices such as ATM machines and servers. However, single-key cryptography does not work well on the web. 249. What is public key cryptography? Public-key cryptography enables secure communication between parties without the need to exchange a secret key. Public-key cryptography uses a complex mathematical formula to generate two separate but related keys, one open to public and the other private, known only to one individual. Encrypting with a public key ensures confidentiality. It is the basis for privacy, authentication, data integrity, and non repudiation. 250. What are the XML security technologies? (NOV/DEC12) The W3C is driving three XML security technologies: a. XML Digital Signature b.XML Encryption c.XML key Management Services 251. What is OFX? The OFX specification is an XML-based language that enables brokerage clients to download account information directly into their accounting or tax-preparation software. OFX also supports the exchange of financial information among financial service companies, their technology out sources and consumers using web and PC based software. The focus of OFX XML vocabulary is on data exchange, not on data storage. 252. What is HR-XML? HR-XML defines a common vocabulary for storing human resources data. It is a nonprofit consortium dedicated to enabling an XML-based e-commerce and human resources data interchange format. 253. What is OASIS? The Organization for Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) is a non profit international consortium that creates interoperable industry specifications based on public XML and SGML standards. OASIS is an organization that tracks and promotes XML standards. It maintains directories of industry specific vocabularies. 254. Explain about SVG? SVG is an alternative to delivering GIF or JPEG images to browsers. SVG is a Recommendation that defines an XML grammar for creating vector-based 2D Graphics for the Web and other applications Because SVG is defined as an XML grammar, SVG graphics can easily be generated dynamically on the Web Server using standard XML tools and delivered with a style sheet to a browser for rendering. 255. What are the steps included during the creation of a core canonical form? Encoding the document in the Universal Character Set UTF_8 Normalizing line breaks before parsing Replacing character and parsed entity References Converting Empty Element to start-end tag pairs 25

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256. What is the XML security framework?(NOV/DEC12) W3c is driving three XML security technologies: i. XML Digital Signature ii.XML Encryption iii.XML Key Management Services 257. Why is semantic web regarded as integrator?(NOV/DEC12) PART C (16MARKS) 258. Describe the main components of RDF. 259. Explain the concept of content management workflow. (MAY/JUN12) 260. Explain XLANG. Explain WSFL. 261. Explain the following (AU-NOV/DEC 11) i. Relate Microformats with RDF(6) ii.Sketch the semantic web layers(6) iii.How RDF differ from XML?(4) 262. Explain the following (AU-NOV/DEC 11) i. State the use of content management(4) ii. What is XLANG? Where it is used?(4) ( NOV/DEC12)(MAY/JUN13) iii. What is the use of WSFL?(4) ( NOV/DEC12) (MAY/JUN13) iv. How to secure the web services?(4) 263. i. Differentiate WSDL and WSFL (6) ii. State the relationship of RDF and RDF Schema (6) (MAY/JUN13) iii. Draw the architecture of Semantic web and its layers and explain. (4) (AU-APR/MAY 11) 264. i. What is Medata? (3) ii. Differntiate WSFL and XLANG (5) ii. Why do we need RDF? How to it relates with content management?(8) ( AU-APR/MAY 11) 265. Describe the architecture of semantic web.(MAY/JUN12) 266. Explain web architecture.( NOV/DEC12)

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