Lecture 3 (Compatibility Mode)
Lecture 3 (Compatibility Mode)
Lecture 3 (Compatibility Mode)
reservoirs
P Production d ti from f two-phase t h reservoirs i Production from g gas wells
Field Production
i. Solution gas drive
a. pressure p inside reservoir relieved when well punctures and gas trapped in oil forms bubbles b. Bubbles grow, exert pressure push oil to well and up to surface (20-30%)
Flow Shapes
Diffusivity Equation
The diffusivity equation describes the pressure profile in an i fi it infinite-acting, ti radial di l reservoir, with a slightly compressible and constant viscosity fluid (Undersaturated oil or water)
Transient flow is defined as a flow regime where/when the radius of pressure wave propagation from wellbore has not reached any boundaries of the reservoir. During transient flow, the developing p g pressure p funnel is small relative to the reservoir size. Therefore, the reservoir acts like an infinitively large reservoir from transient pressure analysis point of view.
Transient flow
Forx<0.01theaboveequation q canbeapproximated pp as
Hence,inoilfieldunit
Darcy Equation
q=A
k dp dr
qo =
re 2kh pe dp = dr / r p rw qB wf
ko h 141.2 o Bo ln( re ) rw
(p
p wf
)
)
qo =
Steady State
qo =
AOF
13
Pseudosteady-state flow is defined as a flow regime where the pressure at any point in the reservoir declines at the same constant rate over time. This flow condition has propagated to all no-flow boundaries. A no-flow boundary can be a sealing fault, pinch-out of pay zone, or boundaries of drainage areas of production wells. kh ( p p wf ) q= 0 .472 re 141 .2 B [ln + s] rw
Pseudo-Steady-State Flow
The flow time required for the PSS period begins can be expressed as
The flow time required for the pressure funnel to reach the circular boundary can be expressed as
Irregular Shapes
j=
Example 1
Example 2
Using g the well and reservoir data as below, , construct transient IPR curves for 1, 6, and 24 months. Assume zero skin effect.
Example 3
Assume that the initial reservoir pressure of the well described in Example 2 is also the constant pressure of the outer boundary in steady state condition. Draw IPR curves for skin effects ff t equal l to t 0, 0 5, 5 10, 10 and d 50 respectively. ti l Use U a drainage d i radius of 2980 ft.
Example 4
For this exercises, calculate the IPR curves for zero skin effect but for average reservoir pressure in increment of 500 psi from the initial 5651 to 3500 psi.
Outline
Production from Undersaturated oil reservoirs Production from two-phase reservoirs Production from gas wells
1 kr
g
S
g
Sg =1-
Sor
Two-phase Reservoirs
The combination of the relative p permeability y effect and the viscosity y effect results in lower oil production rate at a given bottom-hole pressure. This makes the IPR curve deviating from the linear trend below bubble-point bubble point pressure. The lower the pressure, the larger the deviation. If the reservoir pressure is below the initial bubble-point pressure pressure, oil and gas twophase flow exists in the whole reservoir domain and the reservoir is referred as a two-phase reservoir.
Two-phase Two phase IPR Vogel Equation Fetkovich Equation Jones-Blount-Glaze Equation
Vogel Relationship
q0 q o max
p wf = 1 0 .2 p
p
p wf 0 . 8 p
pwf
qo max
Vogel g Example p