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4 ways to schedule tasks in Spring 3 : @Scheduled example | How to do in JAVA

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4 ways to schedule tasks in Spring 3 : @Scheduled example

23 APRIL, 2013 | LOKESH GUPTA+ 26 COMMENTS

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In previous post, we learned about 2 ways to use timer tasks in spring 3 framework. Spring provides excellent support for scheduling jobs based on cron expression also. This scheduling is possible with use of @Scheduled annotation. According to spring documentation: Spring 3.0 also adds annotation support for both task scheduling and asynchronous method execution. The @Scheduled annotation can be added to a method along with trigger metadata. In this post, I will show the means to use this feature in 4 different ways.

S e c t i o n si nt h i sp o s t : E x p l a i n i n g@ S c h e d u l e da n n o t a t i o n T a s ks c h e d u l i n gu s i n gf i x e dd e l a ya t t r i b u t ei n@ S c h e d u l e da n n o t a t i o n T a s ks c h e d u l i n gu s i n gc r o ne x p r e s s i o ni n@ S c h e d u l e da n n o t a t i o n T a s ks c h e d u l i n gu s i n gc r o ne x p r e s s i o nf r o mp r o p e r t i e sf i l ea n d
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@ S c h e d u l e da n n o t a t i o n T a s ks c h e d u l i n gu s i n gc r o ne x p r e s s i o nc o n f i g u r e di nc o n t e x t c o n f i g u r a t i o n S o u r c e c o d ed o w n l o a dl i n k

Explaining @Scheduled annotation

This annotation is used for task scheduling. The trigger information needs to be provided along with this annotation. You can use the properties fixedDelay/fixedRate/cron to provide the triggering information. 1. fixedRate makes Spring run the task on periodic intervals even if the last invocation may be still running. 2. fixedDelay specifically controls the next execution time when the last execution finishes. 3. cron is a feature originating from Unix cron utility and has various options based on your requirements. Example usage can be as below:

@ S c h e d u l e d ( f i x e d D e l a y= 3 0 0 0 0 ) p u b l i cv o i dd e m o S e r v i c e M e t h o d( ){ . . .} @ S c h e d u l e d ( f i x e d R a t e = 3 0 0 0 0 ) p u b l i cv o i dd e m o S e r v i c e M e t h o d( ){ . . .} @ S c h e d u l e d ( c r o n = " 00**** " ) p u b l i cv o i dd e m o S e r v i c e M e t h o d( ){ . . .}

To use @Scheduled in your spring application, you must first define below xml namespace and schema location definition in your application-config.xml file.
1 2 3 4 5 6 x m l n s : t a s k = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s k " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s k h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s k / s p r i n g t a s k 3 . 0 . x s d
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Above additions are necessary because we will be using annotation based configurations. Now add below definition to enable annotations.
1 < t a s k : a n n o t a t i o n d r i v e n >
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Next step is to create a class and a method inside the class like below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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p u b l i cc l a s sD e m o S e r v i c e { @ S c h e d u l e d ( c r o n = " * / 5****? " ) p u b l i cv o i dd e m o S e r v i c e M e t h o d ( ) { S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " M e t h o de x e c u t e da te v e r y5s e c o n d s .C u r r e n tt i m ei s: :" } }

Using @Scheduled annotation would in turn make Spring container understand that the method underneath this annotation would run as a job. Remember that the methods annotated with @Scheduled should not have parameters passed to them. They should not return any values too. If you want the external objects to be used within your @Scheduled methods, you should inject them into the DemoService class using autowiring rather than passing them as parameters to the @Scheduled methods.

Method 1) Task scheduling using fixed delay attribute in @Scheduled annotation

In this method, fixedDelay attribute is used with @Scheduled annotation. Alternatively, fixedRate can also be used. A sample class will look like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 p a c k a g ec o m . h o w t o d o i n j a v a . s e r v i c e ; i m p o r tj a v a . u t i l . D a t e ; i m p o r to r g . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . s c h e d u l i n g . a n n o t a t i o n . S c h e d u l e d ;
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p u b l i cc l a s sD e m o S e r v i c e B a s i c U s a g e F i x e d D e l a y { @ S c h e d u l e d ( f i x e d D e l a y=5 0 0 0 ) / / @ S c h e d u l e d ( f i x e d R a t e=5 0 0 0 ) p u b l i cv o i dd e m o S e r v i c e M e t h o d ( ) { S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " M e t h o de x e c u t e da te v e r y5s e c o n d s .C u r r e n tt i m ei s: : } }

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And application configuration will look like this:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4
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<? x m l v e r s i o n = " 1 . 0 "e n c o d i n g = " U T F 8 " ? > < b e a n sx m l n s = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / b e a n s " x m l n s : x s i = " h t t p : / / w w w . w 3 . o r g / 2 0 0 1 / X M L S c h e m a i n s t a n c e " x m l n s : t a s k = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s k " x m l n s : u t i l = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / u t i l " x m l n s : c o n t e x t = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / c o n t e x t " x s i : s c h e m a L o c a t i o n = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / b e a n sh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / c o n t e x th t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / u t i lh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s kh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s

< t a s k : a n n o t a t i o n d r i v e n/ > < b e a ni d = " d e m o S e r v i c e B a s i c U s a g e F i x e d D e l a y "c l a s s = " c o m . h o w t o d o i n j a v a . s e r v i c e . D e m < / b e a n s >

Method 2) Task scheduling using cron expression in @Scheduled annotation

In this method, cron attribute is used with @Scheduled annotation. Value of this attribute must be a cron expression. A sample class will look like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 p a c k a g ec o m . h o w t o d o i n j a v a . s e r v i c e ; i m p o r tj a v a . u t i l . D a t e ; i m p o r to r g . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . s c h e d u l i n g . a n n o t a t i o n . S c h e d u l e d ;
?

p u b l i cc l a s sD e m o S e r v i c e B a s i c U s a g e C r o n { @ S c h e d u l e d ( c r o n = " * / 5****? " ) p u b l i cv o i dd e m o S e r v i c e M e t h o d ( ) { S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " M e t h o de x e c u t e da te v e r y5s e c o n d s .C u r r e n tt i m ei s: : } }

And application configuration will look like this:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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<? x m l v e r s i o n = " 1 . 0 "e n c o d i n g = " U T F 8 " ? > < b e a n sx m l n s = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / b e a n s " x m l n s : x s i = " h t t p : / / w w w . w 3 . o r g / 2 0 0 1 / X M L S c h e m a i n s t a n c e " x m l n s : t a s k = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s k " x m l n s : u t i l = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / u t i l " x m l n s : c o n t e x t = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / c o n t e x t " x s i : s c h e m a L o c a t i o n = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / b e a n sh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / c o n t e x th t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / u t i lh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s
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1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4

h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s kh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s

< t a s k : a n n o t a t i o n d r i v e n/ > < b e a ni d = " d e m o S e r v i c e B a s i c U s a g e C r o n "c l a s s = " c o m . h o w t o d o i n j a v a . s e r v i c e . D e m o S e r v i < / b e a n s >

Method 3) Task scheduling using cron expression from properties file

In this method, cron attribute is used with @Scheduled annotation. Value of this attribute must be a cron expression as in previous method, BUT, this cron expression will be defined in a properties file and key of related property will be used in @Scheduled annotation. This will decouple the cron expression from source code, thus making changes easy. A sample class will look like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 p a c k a g ec o m . h o w t o d o i n j a v a . s e r v i c e ; i m p o r tj a v a . u t i l . D a t e ; i m p o r to r g . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . s c h e d u l i n g . a n n o t a t i o n . S c h e d u l e d ; p u b l i cc l a s sD e m o S e r v i c e P r o p e r t i e s E x a m p l e{
?

@ S c h e d u l e d ( c r o n=" $ { c r o n . e x p r e s s i o n } " ) p u b l i cv o i dd e m o S e r v i c e M e t h o d ( ) { S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " M e t h o de x e c u t e da te v e r y5s e c o n d s .C u r r e n tt i m ei s: : } }

And application configuration will look like this:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3
?

< ? x m l v e r s i o n = " 1 . 0 "e n c o d i n g = " U T F 8 " ? > < b e a n sx m l n s = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / b e a n s " x m l n s : x s i = " h t t p : / / w w w . w 3 . o r g / 2 0 0 1 / X M L S c h e m a i n s t a n c e " x m l n s : t a s k = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s k " x m l n s : u t i l = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / u t i l " x m l n s : c o n t e x t = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / c o n t e x t " x s i : s c h e m a L o c a t i o n = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / b e a n sh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / c o n t e x th t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / u t i lh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s kh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s < t a s k : a n n o t a t i o n d r i v e n/ > < u t i l : p r o p e r t i e si d = " a p p l i c a t i o n P r o p s "l o c a t i o n = " a p p l i c a t i o n . p r o p e r t i e s "/ >
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< c o n t e x t : p r o p e r t y p l a c e h o l d e rp r o p e r t i e s r e f = " a p p l i c a t i o n P r o p s "/ > < b e a ni d = " d e m o S e r v i c e P r o p e r t i e s E x a m p l e "c l a s s = " c o m . h o w t o d o i n j a v a . s e r v i c e . D e m o S e < / b e a n s >

Method 4) Task scheduling using cron expression configured in context configuration

In this method, cron expression is configured in properties file, and job scheduling is configured in configuration file using property key for cron expression. Major change is that you do not need to use @Scheduled annotation on any method. Method configuration is also done in application configuration file. A sample class will look like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 p a c k a g ec o m . h o w t o d o i n j a v a . s e r v i c e ; i m p o r tj a v a . u t i l . D a t e ;
?

p u b l i cc l a s sD e m o S e r v i c e X m l C o n f i g { p u b l i cv o i dd e m o S e r v i c e M e t h o d ( ) { S y s t e m . o u t . p r i n t l n ( " M e t h o de x e c u t e da te v e r y5s e c o n d s .C u r r e n tt i m ei s: : } }

And application configuration will look like this:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0
?

< ? x m l v e r s i o n = " 1 . 0 "e n c o d i n g = " U T F 8 " ? > < b e a n sx m l n s = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / b e a n s " x m l n s : x s i = " h t t p : / / w w w . w 3 . o r g / 2 0 0 1 / X M L S c h e m a i n s t a n c e " x m l n s : t a s k = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s k " x m l n s : u t i l = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / u t i l " x m l n s : c o n t e x t = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / c o n t e x t " x s i : s c h e m a L o c a t i o n = " h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / b e a n sh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / c o n t e x th t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / u t i lh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s h t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s c h e m a / t a s kh t t p : / / w w w . s p r i n g f r a m e w o r k . o r g / s

< t a s k : a n n o t a t i o n d r i v e n/ > < u t i l : p r o p e r t i e si d = " a p p l i c a t i o n P r o p s "l o c a t i o n = " a p p l i c a t i o n . p r o p e r t i e s "/ > < c o n t e x t : p r o p e r t y p l a c e h o l d e rp r o p e r t i e s r e f = " a p p l i c a t i o n P r o p s "/ > < b e a ni d = " d e m o S e r v i c e X m l C o n f i g "c l a s s = " c o m . h o w t o d o i n j a v a . s e r v i c e . D e m o S e r v i c e X m l < t a s k : s c h e d u l e d t a s k s > < t a s k : s c h e d u l e dr e f = " d e m o S e r v i c e X m l C o n f i g "m e t h o d = " d e m o S e r v i c e M e t h o d " < / t a s k : s c h e d u l e d t a s k s > < / b e a n s >
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Download sourcecode for above examples using below link.

D o w n l o a dS o u r c e c o d e

Let me know if I am missing anything. Happy Learning !! Reference: http://forum.springsource.org/showthread.php?83053-Feature-Scheduled-with-Valuecron-expression

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Bio

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Lokesh Gupta
Senior Analyst at Bank of America

I love to discuss things and thats exactly why I am here. In java, I have around 7 Yrs of experience, which has only increased my hunger for learning more. In this blog, i will be writing on different topics
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occasionally, and i would really love to engage in some meaningful serious discussions with you folks. I hope to hear from all you lovely people. Follow me on Google +

Related posts:
1. 2 ways to execute timer tasks in spring 3 2. Spring 3.2.5.RELEASE and Hibernate 4 Integration Example Tutorial 3. Spring bean autowire byType 4. Spring bean scopes 5. Spring bean autowire byName

@ S C HEDULED

A N N OT A T ION

S PR IN G 3

26 THOUGHTS ON 4 WAYS TO SCHEDULE TASKS IN SPRING 3 : @SCHEDULED EXAMPLE

H ec to r
19 DECEMBER, 2013 AT 2:12 AM

excellent guide. very helpful

J u stin J o h n so n
6 DECEMBER, 2013 AT 1:18 AM

This is exactly what I was looking for. Thanks!

sh ih an iqbal
13 NOVEMBER, 2013 AT 10:56 AM

Thanx mate. It was really helpful

D INESH M AH ARJ AN
29 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 5:26 AM

i am trying to use @Scheduled(fixedRate=86400000) to schedule it every 24 hrs. what if my server (tomcat) is shutdown (for example another deployment), will it run in every 24hrs.
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Lo kesh Gu pta
29 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 6:57 AM

NO. It will not.

Ramesh
16 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 9:09 AM

nice tutorial.. thank you for sharing

Almir Campo s
6 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 5:08 PM

Hi, Lokesh. Thank you for sharing! I have one more question: which are the best ways to combine these solutions with the @Async annotation? Thank you! Lo kesh Gu pta
6 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 7:04 PM

@Async annotation helps in asynchronous processing, means you do not want to wait for completion of task. Use it when you have a valid usecase. Putting @Async annotation is enough.
Almir Campo s
7 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 4:52 AM

Youre completely right, Lokesh! Thank you for your quick response.
bh arat
4 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 11:26 AM

Hi Lokesh, I am new to spring..can you please tell me how to implement above scheduler in my application..how to pass parameter to a method if I schedule it. Lo kesh Gu pta
4 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 10:07 PM

If I am understanding correctly, you want to schedule based on user

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preferences which multiple users can have differently, and schedule information stored in database. If it is your case, use something else e.g. quartz.
Pan kaj
5 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 12:09 PM

Hi Lokesh, I am using config in my application like below I want to modify fixed-delay parameter on the fly from a JSP page , is there a way to get and set fixed-delay programatically and modify it on the fly? Thanks, Pankaj Lo kesh Gu pta
5 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 12:50 PM

Try to work in this direction: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15250928/how-tochange-springs-scheduled-fixeddelay-at-runtime

Pan kaj
5 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 1:17 PM

Thanks Lokesh , will try out this.

Atu l Sh arma
3 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 12:30 PM

I am facing sudden stop in execution of scheduled task and there are no exception no log even in server. can any body please suggest me what to do.. Lo kesh Gu pta
3 OCTOBER, 2013 AT 8:21 PM

Thats strange. Try putting whole code in scheduler inside try-catch. Catch Exception class in catch block. Set logging level debug. Anybody, any idea??
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Pradeep
18 SEPTEMBER, 2013 AT 9:00 PM

Hi, I am planning to write a web-app to create appointments with teachers. Student should be able to create an appointment with teacher at a time. How can we do this using Spring.
Pradeep
18 SEPTEMBER, 2013 AT 4:01 PM

Hi, I referred to your Spring MVC blog and it was very useful to me. I am planning to write an application using java to schedule appointment with teachers. Students can fix appointment with teachers by specifying the time. Student can fix one slot with one teacher at a time. Once the time is fixed, the application should not allow the student or the teacher to book the slot to others. How can I use the Spring scheduler to achieve this? Also can Spring take date and time values to set up an appointment? Please let me know how to do this in spring. Regards, Pradeep Lo kesh Gu pta
18 SEPTEMBER, 2013 AT 9:58 PM

Why you need Spring scheduler for this. Schedulers are for executing a repeating task in certain interval. You just need to store appointment details in database using simple MVC and validate against it in other places. Am i missing anything?
Pradeep
18 SEPTEMBER, 2013 AT 10:18 PM

But If I store the appointment details in the DB, I need to do a lot of validation so that the student cannot crete another appointment with someone at the same time, the teacher cannot
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4 ways to schedule tasks in Spring 3 : @Scheduled example | How to do in JAVA

have appointment with other student at the same time.. etc. Is there any better way to do this? Lo kesh Gu pta
18 SEPTEMBER, 2013 AT 10:35 PM

Why lots of validations? You can reduce lots of logic by creating well-thought SELECT queries and unique key constraints.
Pradeep
18 SEPTEMBER, 2013 AT 10:47 PM

Got it!! having a many to many relationship by having a join table ad putting the constraints I can get there. Cool. Any idea of how to do a UI for the same. Like integrating the server with outlook or gmail or custom Calendar UI. PLease let me know. Lo kesh Gu pta
18 SEPTEMBER, 2013 AT 11:00 PM

Sorry on this. Never worked on something like this.

Leen a
24 JULY, 2013 AT 4:45 PM

Its a great article.to the point!

Baby Bo b
18 JULY, 2013 AT 4:26 PM

Thanks for sharing Pingback: 4 ways to schedule tasks in Spring 3 : @Schedul...

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