AP Chapter 11
AP Chapter 11
AP Chapter 11
Election of 1800
Election of 1800
Federalist John Adams Supported by rank and file Federalists of the Northeast Alexander Hamilton subverts the election Adams gets 65 electoral votes
Democrat -Republican Thomas Jefferson Support from south and west (universal manhood suffrage) Gets boost from Aaron Burr New York Wins election but ties with Burr
Jefferson and Burr with equal votes in the electoral college =73 Election to be decided by the House 35 ballots undecided and Burr will not withdraw (he had always been running as VP) On the 36th Burr lost the support of one Federalist (probably at the urging of Hamilton) and Jefferson finally won the election.
Twelfth Amendment
Ratified in 1804 Started after the election of 1796 In that Election Adams was elected President (Federalist) and Jefferson (a DemocratRepublican) had the second highest votes and was VicePresident The electoral college now casts separate ballots for the President and Vice-President
Orderly transition of power Jefferson we are all Republicans, we are all Federalists Washington DC Designed by Pierre LEnfant Paris of the US Jefferson will submit messages to Congress not much of public speaker
JEFFERSON
Believes that Americas future is to be a society of sturdy Independent Farmer and: The Republicans are the guardians of agrarian purity, Liberty and states rights He favors public education Promotes the concept of the Republican Mother
Jeffersons Cabinet
Secretary of State James Madison Supportive of Jeffersons policies And leader of the Constitutional Convention
Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin (rival of Hamilton) believes debt is hurting the country and must be paid off as soon as possible.
there was such a scandal!!!! A Georgia Governor sold off a large tract of land in present day Mississippi (that was legal, they had claim to it then) for 3 cents an acre (CHEAP)
Marbury v Madison
The Republican Congress strikes down the Judiciary Act of 1801 declaring it unconstitutional Chief Justice John Marshall (Federalist) rules that such an action was not within the power of the Legislature or the Executive; but was the duty of the Supreme Court
Marbury v Madison
Thus
establishing the principle of Judicial Review Therefore: the Supreme Court may declare an act of Congress unconstitutional
Marbury v Madison
John Pickering District judge Accused of being drunk (guilty) while on duty Also accused of making unlawful rulings Impeached by the House Found guilty by Senate and removed from office
Samuel Chase (Supreme Court Justice) Cutting down Jefferson from the Bench After his success with Pickering, Jefferson tries to get him removed Impeached by the House Senate could not get 2/3 majority
sends in troops without a declaration of war from Congress Stephen Decatur (1804) Hero leads raid to burn the Philadelphia a US ship soon to be converted into a pirate ship
Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon regains Louisiana from Spain Spain had not been a US threat but France is Right of Deposit threatened Jefferson had sent James Monroe to France (Robert Livingston was already there) and authorized them to buy any Part of New Orleans for up to $10 Million
Jefferson had written Livingston: France a natural friend, "One single spot on earth the possessor was our natural and habitual enemy. If France controls New Orleans, we shall marry ourselves to the British if necessary Livingston and Monroe begin to negotiate
Santo Domingo Sugar-rich colony Louisiana to become bread-basket Toussaint LOuverture leads a rebellion Brother-in-law killed Yellow Fever Kills French
Napoleon gives up Willing to sell entire Louisiana Purchase area for $15 Million Plans another war with England Not willing to see them get it post war Did not want us to become allies with Britain
A Map of Lewis and Clark's Track Across the Western Portion of North America, drawing by W. Clark
A Map of Lewis and Clark's Track Across the Western Portion of North America, drawing by W. Clark Drawn by Meriwether Lewis's traveling mate on the famous expedition and combining Clark's own observations with those of Indians and explorers, this 1814 map gave Americans their first view of the vast territory purchased in 1803. Clark's depiction of the Rockies was substantially accurate, his description of the Southwest less so. (Library of Congress
Meriwether Lewis Personal Secretary to Jefferson William Clark Military Officer and brother to George Rogers Clark Corps of Discoveryviability of overland trail Sacajawea minor but valuable role as guide and interpreter (own tribe)
Left from St. Louis and traveled up the Missouri Sent to study the Indian tribes, botany, geology, Western terrain and wildlife in the region Wintered on the Pacific Coast Near Astoria, OR Invaluable 1. US to area claim 2. mapping of the area fur trappers and traders
Zebulon Pike
Explored the Southern portion of the Louisiana Purchase Got close enough to Pikes Peak to name it Was captured by Spanish authorities for trespassing on Spanish soil (Napoleon had stated that the US should get as much territory as possible out of the deal)
Aaron Burr whom Jefferson dropped from his ticket in 1804 (Jefferson easily won that election against C.C. Pinckney 162 EV to 14) Joined with a group of Federalist Extremists Essex Junto (Junto means a secret club) in a plot for New England to succeed from the Union (Burr would have been NY Governor of course!)
Hamilton-Burr Duel
Alexander Hamilton Head of Federalist Party Commander of NY Militia Hates dueling but felt his honor was at stake Decides not to fire his pistol
Aaron Burr Responsible for Jeffersons victory in 1800 he delivered NY state. Challenges Hamilton to duel after losing (he took 4th) the bid for Governor of NY
Precarious Neutrality
While England and France are at war AGAIN the U.S. (neutral) is making a huge profit U. S. merchant marine second only to Britain
Orders in Council (1806) Britain: no ships could sail to France Berlin and Milan decrees (Napoleon) seize ships going to British ports
Chesapeake Encounter with the Leopard A painting of the British frigate Leopard firing its guns into the U.S.S. Chesapeake when the U.S. ship refused to be searched for British deserters. The British boarded the subdued Chesapeake and seized four deserters, three of them American citizens. Americans were humiliated and angered by the British violation of American rights. (Courtesy of William Gilkerson)
Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Peaceable Coercion
U.S. demands war A war right now with Britain (or any other country for that matter) would ruin us France is also seizing men and ships Jefferson tries diplomacy
Jefferson is a pacifist He had reduced the size of the Army and Navy He reasons that if we stop trading with Britain and France their economy will be hurt
EMBARGO of 1807
To force British and French to stop impressments and seizing American ships through economic pressure No U.S. ships to any foreign ports even stops coastal trade
Worst economic depression in U.S Federalist revived Essex Junto again Will finally effect France and Britain but the US cannot hold on long enough
Non-Intercourse Act 1809 Opens trade with the world except Britain & France (who just happen to be the most important)
Macons Bill # 2 (Macons bill #1 dealt with western lands- yes everybody who is anybody asks!) If either France or Britain drop their restrictions, we will trade with them Napoleon says he will doesn't
War Hawks
New Congress of 1811 Henry Clay (speaker of House) yields considerable influence John C. Calhoun South Carolina Felix Grundy Tennessee 3 Brothers killed by Indians Hated Impressment, the related issue with freedom of the seas, the Indian problem, and western lands wipe out English base in Canada
Indian Problems
1794 Mad Anthony Wayne Battle of Fallen Timbers Treaty of Grenville Indians ousted from Ohio English inciting the Indians against the US on the frontier paying for scalps, providing arms etc. William Henry Harrison uses trickery to obtain treaties Defeats Tecumsehs coalition forces at The Battle of Tippecanoe destroys the Indian Confederation put together by Tecumseh
Florida
Slaves escape to Florida Indians and escaped slaves raid border towns (US side) and then return to Florida Spain is too weak to patrol the border or stop attacks on US towns
West Florida acquired in 1810 part of Mississippi and Louisiana Baton rouge seized by American settlers There is a desire to gain all of Florida Spain an ally with Britain a victory might achieve this
War Declared
Madison, convinced that war is inevitable, asks congress to declare war June 1, 1812 Close vote, supported by South and West and Republicans in Pennsylvania & Virginia
New England Federalist were against the war Pro-British anti-French Napoleon butcher Opposed the acquiring of Canada more Republican land Loaned money to Great Britain, sent food to Canada
Dolly Madison by Gilbert Stuart, 1804 As the attractive young wife of Secretary of State James Madison, Dolley Madison acted virtually as the nation's First Lady during the administration of Jefferson, a widower. Friendly, tactful, and blessed with an unfailing memory for names and events, she added to her reputation as an elegant hostess after her husband became president. ( White House
Historical Association)
Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the impressment of American sailors The impressment of sailors into the British navy from American ships was one of the more prominent causes of the War of 1812. This 1790 engraving shows an American sailor being seized at gunpoint while those who might try to assist him are elbowed aside. (Library of Congress)
Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
New Orleans Under My Wings The French and Spanish developed this port city during the eighteenth century. By century's end many in the United States saw New Orleans as a key to the new nation's future expansion and prosperity. (Chicago Historical Society)
The Shawnee chief Tecumseh Tecumseh and his brother, Prophet, led a revival of traditional Shawnee culture and preached Native American federation against white encroachment. In the War of 1812 they allied themselves with the British, but Tecumseh's death at the Battle of the Tames (1813) and British indifference thereafter caused Native Americans' resistance and unity to collapse. (Tecumseh: Field Museum of
Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1805 This portrait of President Thomas Jefferson was painted by Rembrandt Peale in 1805. Charles Willson Peale (Rembrandt's father) and his five sons helped establish the reputation of American art in the new nation. Rembrandt Peale achieved fame for his presidential portraits; here he has captured Jefferson in a noble pose without the usual symbols of office or power, befitting the Republican age. ((c)
Thomas Jefferson's Polygraph, 1806 Jefferson judged this "polygraph" to be the finest invention of his age. He used it to make copies of his letters from 1806 until his death. (Monticello/Thomas Jefferson
Toussaint L'Ouverture by William Edouard Scott With backing from the French, Franois Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture (center) led his fellow slaves in a revolt against their French and Spanish masters, driving the Europeans from the West Indian island of Santo Domingo in 1791. Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte double-crossed L'Ouverture in 1802, sending a French army to seize the island. Although L'Ouverture was captured, his army defeated the French, creating the republic of Haiti in 1804.