Technical information

Strength calculation for thermowells

WIKA data sheet IN 00.15

Applications
The wake frequency calculation for thermowells serves

as mathematical proof of the strength with respect to static and dynamic stress in relation to the operating temperature and pressure

Special features
Calculation per ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 for standard bar Recommendations for structural changes to the

stock thermowells as an engineering service

thermowell where the permissible stress limits are exceeded can be derived

FEA representation of a thermowell in flow with stress representation at the tip and at the root

Description
The calculation per ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 is used for one-piece solid bar thermowells in tapered, straight or stepped designs from solid materials, such as models TW10, TW15, TW20, TW25 and TW30. The process data required to perform a calculation as per ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 is as follows: SI unit
Flow rate Density of medium Temperature Pressure Dynamic viscosity 1) m/s kg/m C bar mm/s

WIKA guarantees that the calculation is executed on the basis of the ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010. The end user is responsible for the consistency between the real process data and the data on which the calculation is based. Generally, no warranty can be given by WIKA for the calculation of the results per ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010. The results are of informative character. For recommendations concerning structural changes where the permissible stress limits have been exceeded, the following additional information will also be required:
Inside diameter of nozzle Height of nozzle (shielded length)

Imperial
ft/s lb/ft F psi ft/1000s

Others
--------cP

1) Optional for ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010

Inner diameter and wall thickness of pipeline/vessel

WIKA data sheet IN 00.15 11/2013

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ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010

ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 is divided into dynamic and static calculation results. For gaseous media, the limit frequency, rmax = 0.8, generally is still valid however there are some cases where this does not apply. For liquid media, in many applications, the newly-introduced limit frequency of rmax = 0.4 for the in-line resonance applies.
In-line resonance: Drag oscillation Main resonance: Lift oscillation

Remedies using structural changes, when the permissible frequency ratio, rmax , is exceeded
By exceeding the maximum permissible limit frequency, rmax, for the "In-line"- or main resonance, the following structural changes may be a solution: a) Shortening the insertion length This is the most effective method (and the recommended method from ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010) for the improvement of the frequency ratio r. b) Increasing the root diameter By increasing the root diameter, the natural frequency fn is increased, optimizing the frequency ratio r. c) Increasing the tip diameter By increasing the tip diameter, the vortex shedding frequency fs is reduced, optimizing the frequency ratio r.

Vibration amplitude rmax: 0.4 0.5

rmax: 0.8

Frequency ratio

r = fs/fn

The evaluation of the dynamic results is made using the damping factor NSC (the Scruton Number NSC has a direct relationship to the permissible frequency ratio rmax from the wake frequency fs to the natural frequency fn). For gaseous media, a characteristic value is NSC > 2.5; fluids typically have an NSC < 2.5.

NSC > 2.5

NSC < 2.5

Strength Res < Strength Perm. rmax: 0.4 r = 0.5 0.6 rmax: 0.8 r=1

d) Support collars Support collars or other means of support are outside the scope of the standard. The use of support collars is not generally recommended, as rigid support can be obtained only with an interference fit between the support collar and the installed piping, ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 points6-7-(e). On customer request, support collars can be used, and are designed to provide an interference fit with the process connection. The thermowell will be designed in accordance with the design and calculation criteria of ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010, however, this falls outside the scope of ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010. The operator is responsible for the rigid support of the collar in the nozzle, which may mean that a reworking of the collar is needed. Aguarantee for support collar solutions is generally not given by WIKA!

r = fs/fn

In-line resonance

Main resonance

Whether the frequency ratio, r < 0.8, can also be used as an evaluation limit with liquid process media, is determined through a consideration of the permissible stresses in the thermowell material with respect to the actual stresses at resonance. In addition, an evaluation of the strength of the thermowell material with respect to the flexural fatigue stress in the area of the thermowell clamping is carried out. The static results of ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 are generated from the maximum permissible process pressure (dependent upon the process temperature and the geometry of the thermowell) and the bending stress in the area of the thermowell root. The bending stress is caused by the incident flow on the thermowell, and is dependent on the shielded length of the flange nozzle.

For fabricated (welded tube) thermowells ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 is not applicable. Please contact a WIKA representative to provide calculations based on Dittrich/Klotter.

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WIKA data sheet IN 00.15 11/2013

Design details
Determine 1st support collar location The thermowell support collar location will be calculated as: Nozzle projection 1" (25.4 mm) For example: 14" (355.6 mm) nozzle projection. The 1st support collar would be located at 13" (330.2 mm) from the flange face. Nozzle projection

Nozzle projection length

Determine the number of support collars and locations If the 1st support collar location is less than 5" (127 mm) only one support collar is required. If the 1st support collar location is 5" (127 mm) or more, a 2nd support collar is required and located at 1st support collar location divided by two. For nozzle length greater than 30" (762 mm), please consult your WIKA sales representative. Example No. 1 Two support collar Nozzle length is 14" (356 mm). Support collar 1 located at 14"(356 mm) 1" (25.4 mm) = 13" (330 mm). Since this number is greater than 5" (127 mm), two support collars will be required. Therefore 13" (330 mm) / 2 = 6.5" (165 mm). Support collar 2 located at 6.5" (165 mm). Example No. 2 One support collar Nozzle length is 4.5" (114 mm). Support collar 1 located at 4.5" (114 mm) 1" (25.4 mm) = 3.5" (89mm). Since this number is smaller than 5" (127 mm), one support collar will be required.

Support collar 2

Support collar 1

WIKA data sheet IN 00.15 11/2013

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Typical installation through a nozzle Detail

interference fit between support collar and inside diameter of nozzle

45 mm (1.75 inch) 12.7 mm ( inch)

See "Detail" "A" "A"

4-point support collar

Process

tapered insertion length Ured

Section "A"-"A"

Determine the support collar outside diameter from the pipe size and schedule
NPS
1" 1 " 2"

UOM
inch mm inch mm inch mm

1.107 28.1 1.692 43.0 2.167 55.0

Outside diameter of support collar SCH.10 SCH.40 SCH.STD SCH.80

1.059 26.9 1.620 41.1 2.077 52.8 1.059 26.9 1.620 41.1 2.077 52.8 0.967 24.6 1.510 38.4 1.949 49.5

0.967 24.6 1.510 38.4 1.949 49.5

SCH.XS

0.825 21.0 1.348 34.2 1.697 43.1

SCH.160

0.609 15.5 1.110 28.2 1.513 38.4

SCH.XXS

Determine the suggested maximum root diameter based on nozzle size and schedule
NPS
1" 1 " 2"

UOM
inch mm inch mm inch mm

0.938 23.8 1.500 38.1 1.875 47.6

Suggested root diameter at support collar SCH.10 SCH.40 SCH.STD SCH.80

0.875 22.2 1.375 34.9 1.750 44.5 0.875 22.2 1.375 34.9 1.750 44.5 0.813 20.6 1.250 31.8 1.625 41.3

0.813 20.6 1.250 31.8 1.625 41.3

SCH.XS

0.688 17.5 1.125 28.6 1.500 38.1

SCH.160

0.500 12.7 1.000 25.4 1.250 31.8

SCH.XXS

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WIKA data sheet IN 00.15 11/2013

Design specifications to ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010

Description
Insertion length L Bore diameter d Tip diameter B Taper ratio B/A Step ratio B/A for B = 12.7 mm Step ratio B/A for B = 22.2 mm Bore ratio d/B Cross-sectional ratio L/B Length ratio Ls/L Min. wall thickness (B-D)/d

63.5 mm (2.5 inch) 3.175 mm (0.125 inch) 9.2 mm (0.36 inch) 0.58 0.16 2 3 mm (0.12 inch)

Tapered and straight designs Minimum Maximum

609.6 mm (24 inch) 20.9 mm (0.825 inch) 46.5 mm (1.83 inch) 1 0.71 -

127 mm (5 inch) 6.1 mm (0.24 inch) 0.5 0.583 2 0 3 mm (0.12 inch)

Stepped design Minimum Maximum

609.6 mm (24 inch) 6.7 mm (0.265 inch) 0.8 0.875 0.6 -

Marking
Insertion length Bore diameter Tip diameter Root diameter

per ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010

L d B A

in WIKA data sheets

U B V Q

If the thermowell dimensions, based on customer requirements or for specific applications, lie outside the requirements of ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010, the calculation results can only be used for informative purposes. On these grounds, a guarantee cannot be given by WIKA.

Provision of calculation data

The examples in the following table show how the process and geometry data should be provided as an excel spreadsheet for further electronic processing by WIKA. Sample table including calculation data for 6 measuring points Tag no.
TW-0301 TW-0303 TW-0305 TW-0307 TW-0309 TW-0311 Legend Tag No. T P v rho

220 220 235 220 235 400

in C

1.5 1.5 10 10 30 31.5

in bar

23.6 25.7 19.6 13 8.9 31.9

in m/s

rho

2.4 2.0 6.1 8.9 28.3 10.1

in kg/m

Dyn. viscosity Model

in cP 0.013 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.013 0.017 Insertion length Bore size Root diameter Tip diameter Tip thickness TW10 TW10 TW10 TW10 TW10 TW10

Dimensions in mm
250 250 250 355 355 355 d 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 A 25 25 25 25 25 25

B 19 19 19 19 19 19

Tt

6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4

NID

38.3 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.3

NL

Material (EN)
1.4435 1.4435 1.4435 1.4571 1.4571 1.4571

220 220 220 220 220 220

Measuring point No. Temperature Pressure Flow rate Density of process medium

L d A B Tt

NID NL Model

Nozzle inside diameter Nozzle length WIKA thermowell model

2004 WIKA Alexander Wiegand SE & Co. KG, all rights reserved. The specifications given in this document represent the state of engineering at the time of publishing. We reserve the right to make modifications to the specifications and materials. 11/2013 GB

WIKA data sheet IN 00.15 11/2013

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WIKA Alexander Wiegand SE & Co. KG Alexander-Wiegand-Strae 30 63911 Klingenberg/Germany Tel. +49 9372 132-0 Fax +49 9372 132-406 [email protected] www.wika.de