2011 Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

NFPA 70E

Electrical Safety
in the Workplace
Changes for 2012
Dave Dini, P.E.
Underwriters Laboratories
Chair NFPA 70E Technical Committee on
Electrical Safety in the Workplace
[email protected]
REV: 9/20/2011
2011 Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
IEEE / NFPA
Arc Flash Collaborative
Research Project
IAEI Western Section Meeting
Louisville, Kentucky
September 21, 2011
Acknowledgements
3
Paul Dobrowsky
Innovative Technology Solutions
Jeff Sargent
Michael Fontaine
Dr. Wei-jen Lee
Technical Committee Meetings for
the 2012 Edition of NFPA 70E
4
ROP Meeting February 2010, Memphis, TN
540 Public Proposals
8 Committee Proposals
ROC Meeting October 2010, Savannah, GA
433 Public Comments
11 Committee Comments
2012 NFPA 70E
Technical Committee Membership
5
25 Principal Members
19 Alternate Members
Over 12 Days of Meetings
Over 4000 Man-Hours of Work!!
Effective August 31, 2011
ARTICLE 90
Introduction
6
90.1 Purpose. The purpose of this
Standard is to provide a practical safe
working area for employees relative to
the hazards arising from the use of
electricity.
90.1 Practical Safeguarding. The purpose of this
Code is the practical safeguarding of persons and
property from the hazards arising from the use of
electricity.
ARTICLE 90
Introduction
7
90.2 Scope
(A) Covered. This standard addresses electrical
safety related work practices for employee
workplaces that are necessary for the practical
safeguarding of employees relative to the hazards
associated with electrical energy during activities
such as the installation, inspection, operation,
maintenance, and demolition of electric conductors,
electric equipment, signaling and communications
conductors and equipment, and raceways.
ARTICLE 90
Standard Arrangement
8
ARTICLE 110
General Requirements for
Safety-Related Work Practices
9
Relationships with Contractors
Training Requirements
Electrical Safety Program
Use of Equipment
110.1 Relationships with Contractors
10
New
(C) Documentation. There shall be a
documented meeting between the host
employer and the contract employer.
110.1 Relationships with Contractors
11
Electrically Safe Work Condition
Electrial conductors and equipment shall be
considered energized until the source of
energy is removed.
Open disconnecting device(s) for each source
Apply lockout / tagout devices properly
Test each phase conductor (L-L and L-G) to verify
they are de-energized
110.1 Relationships with Contractors
12
Test Before Touch!
1 Verify operation of the test instrument
before testing
2 Perform test to verify the absence of
voltage
3- Verify operation of the test instrument
after testing
110.1 Relationships with Contractors
13
Can I Work Energized?
1 Less than 50 Volts
2 Demonstrate that de-energizing
introduces additional hazards or increased
risks
3 - Demonstrate that de-energizing is
infeasible due to equipment design or
operational limits
110.1 Relationships with Contractors
14
Except for testing, troubleshooting, voltage
measurement, or visual inspection, an Energized
Electrical Work Permit is required for energized work.
110.1 Relationships with Contractors
15
Who approves energized work?
110.1 Relationships with Contractors
16
What about the normal operation of
equipment?
Normal operation of enclosed equipment,
operating at 600 Volts or less, is not likely to
expose an employee to an electrical hazard,
provided it has been properly installed and
maintained.
110.2 Training Requirements
17
(C) including cardiopulmonary resuscitation and
Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) use shall be ...
110.2 Training Requirements
18
(C) including cardiopulmonary resuscitation and
Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) use shall be ...
New - (D)(1)(f) The employer shall determine,
through regular supervision or through inspections
conducted on at least an annual basis that each
employee is complying with the safety-related work
practices required by this standard.
(E) The documentation shall contain the content of
the training, each employees name and dates of
training.
ARTICLE 120
Establishing an Electrically Safe
Work Condition
19
Process of Achieving Safe Work Conditions
Lockout / Tagout
Temporary Protective Grounding
120.2 Lockout/Tagout Devices
20
(C)(2) Form of Control. Three Two forms of
hazardous electrical energy control shall be
permitted: individual employee control, simple
lockout/tagout, and complex lockout/tagout. For
the individual employee control and the simple
lockout/tagout, the qualified person shall be in
charge. For the complex lockout/tagout, the person
in charge shall have overall responsibility.
Informational Note: For an example of a
lockout/tagout procedure, see Annex G.
(D)(1) Deletes Individual Qualified Employee
Control Procedure
ARTICLE 130
Work Involving Electrical Hazards
21
Electrically Safe Work Conditions
Approach Boundaries
Arc Flash Hazard Analysis
Other Precautions / PPE
DC Shock Boundaries and
DC Hazard/Risk Categories
22
Existing Table 130.2(C) becomes Table
130.4(C)(a), for AC systems. New Table
130.4(C)(b) for the approach boundaries
associated with DC system voltages.
Existing Table 130.7(C)(9) becomes Table
130.7(C)(15)(a), for AC systems. New Table
130.7(C)(15)(b) for DC Hazard/Risk categories.
Adds a new Annex D.10: DC Incident Energy
Calculations.
DC Shock Boundaries and
DC Hazard/Risk Categories
23
130.3 (2009) Exception 1
Arc Flash Hazard Analysis
24
Deletes the exception
An arc flash hazard analysis shall not be required where all of the following
conditions exist:
(1) The circuit is rated 240 volts or less.
(2) The circuit is supplied by one transformer.
(3) The transformer supplying the circuit is rated less than 125 kVA.
and adds an Informational Note:
Informational Note: An arc flash hazard analysis may
not be necessary for some three-phase systems rated
less than 240 volts. See IEEE 1584 for more
information. (Sec. 130.5 for 2012)
130.5(B) Protective Clothing
and Other PPE
25
(1) Incident Energy Analysis
130.5(B)(1) FPN: For information on estimating the
incident energy, see Annex D. For information on
selection of arc-rated clothing and other personal
protective equipment (PPE), see Table H.3(b) in
Annex H.
(2) Hazard / Risk Categories
130.5(B) Protective Clothing
and Other PPE
26
(1) Incident Energy Analysis
27
(2) Hazard / Risk Categories
130.5(C) Equipment Labeling
28
(C) Equipment Labeling. Electrical equipment such as
switchboards, panelboards, industrial control panels, meter
socket enclosures and motor control centers that are likely to
require examination, adjustment, servicing or maintenance while
energized shall be field marked with a label containing all the
following information:
(1) At least one of the following:
a. Available incident energy and the corresponding
working distance
b. Minimum arc rating of clothing
c. Required level of PPE
d. Highest Hazard/Risk Category (HRC) for the
equipment
(2) Nominal system voltage
(3) Arc Flash Boundary
130.5(C) Equipment Labeling
29
(1) At least one of the following:
a. Available incident energy and the corresponding working distance
b. Minimum arc rating of clothing
c. Required level of PPE
d. Highest Hazard/Risk Category (HRC) for the equipment
(2) Nominal system voltage
(3) Arc Flash Boundary
130.7(C)(5) Hearing Protection
30
(new) Employees shall wear hearing protection
whenever working within the arc flash boundary.
130.7(C)(10) Arc Flash
Protective Equipment
31
(b) Head Protection:
(1) An arc-rated balaclava shall be used with an
arc-rated faceshield when the back of the head
is within the arc flash boundary. An arc-rated
hood shall be permitted to be used instead of
an arc-rated face shield and balaclava.
(2) An arc-rated hood shall be used when
the anticipated incident energy
exposure exceeds 12 cal/cm
2
.
130.7(C)(10) Arc Flash
Protective Equipment
32
(c) Face Protection:
Face shields with a wrap-around guarding to
protect the face, chin, forehead, ears, and neck
area shall be used.
Table 130.7(C)(15) Hazard/Risk
Category Classifications
33
Moves the maximum short circuit current, fault
clearing time from the Specific Notes 1 to 4 into the
appropriate section(s) of Table 130.7(C)(15)(a).
Adds the Arc Flash Protection Boundaries to Table
130.7(C)(15)(a) and (b).
Table 130.7(C)(15) Hazard/Risk
Category Classifications
34
Table 130.7(C)(16)
Protective Clothing and PPE
35
Includes the requirement for a balaclava in
hazard/risk category 2.
Deletes hazard/risk category 2* and note 10.
Revises all tasks currently listed as hazard/risk
category 2* in Table 130.7(C)10 to hazard/risk
category 2.
Table 130.7(C)(16)
Protective Clothing and PPE
36
Electrical Safety Statistics
37
According to the Department of Labors
Bureau of Labor Statistics
About 8,000 electrical contact injuries are
referred to emergency rooms each year in U.S.
Over 2,000 workers are sent to burn centers
each year with electrical-related burn injuries.
Electrical workplace injuries cause about one
fatality every day.
Arc Flash Research
38
Arc flash accidents cause
Injuries
Fatalities
NFPA 70E
39
IEEE 1584
40
Table 130.7(C)(16)
Protective Clothing and PPE
41
Table 130.7(C)(16)
Protective Clothing and PPE
42
Table 130.7(C)(16)
Protective Clothing and PPE
43
Project Sponsors
44
Project Organizational Structure
45
Steering Committee
Mr. Ben Johnson, Co-Chair
Mr. Jim Beyreis, Co-Chair
Ms. Sue Vogel, IEEE
Mr. Mark Earley, NFPA
Research Manager
Dr. Tammy Gammon, P.E.
Project Manager
Dr. Wei-jen Lee, P.E.
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)
- Project Manager
- Research Manager
- Platinum Members Representatives
- Invited Experts
HRC #1 PPE - Arc-Rated Long
Sleeve Shirt and Pants - 4 cal/cm
2
46
ASTM 1959/F
47
Table 130.7(C)(16)
Protective Clothing and PPE
48
Table 130.7(C)(16)
Protective Clothing and PPE
49
Calorimeter Research
50
To verify existing or generate new test
protocols used to measure the thermal
effects of an arc fault event. These
may include calorimeter comparisons,
the alternate placement of
calorimeters, radiometer research, low
fault currents, and plasma cloud
issues.
Calorimeter Research
51
Calorimetry The science of measuring the
heat of chemical reactions or physical
changes.
Multiplying the temperature
change by the mass and
specific heat capacities of the
substances gives a value for
the energy given off or
absorbed during the reaction.
Calorimeter Research
52
trigger wire
Calorimeter Research
53
Table 130.7(C)(16)
Protective Clothing and PPE
54
55
Calorimeter Research
56
trigger wire
Non-Thermal Effects
57
trigger wire
Another goal of this work is to define other
mechanisms of energy transfer from the
arc to the surrounding area and their
relationship to potential injury. These may
include measurements of blast and
pressure, shrapnel, sound, and toxic by-
products.
Another goal of this work is to define other
mechanisms of energy transfer from the arc
to the surrounding area and their relationship
to potential injury. These may include
measurements of blast and pressure,
shrapnel, sound, and toxic by-products.
Blast Pressure
58
Sound Pressure
59
Phase II (2011 2012)
60
Voltage Ibf (kA) Gap Width (in)
480V 10, 40, 65, 100, 150 0.5, 1.25, 2.5
600V 5, 20, 40, 65, 100, 150 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 4
2.4kV 5, 20, 40, 65 0.5, 4, 6, 8, 12
4.16kV 5, 20, 40, 65 0.5, 4, 6, 8, 12
13.8kV 5, 20, 40, 65 0.5, 4, 8, 12, 24
Perform Light Intensity and Spectrum Measurements
Shrapnel Damage
Toxicity
61
62
63
64
65
Electrical Safety Statistics
66
According to the Department of Labors
Bureau of Labor Statistics
About 8,000 electrical contact injuries are
referred to emergency rooms each year in U.S.
Over 2,000 workers are sent to burn centers
each year with electrical-related burn injuries.
Electrical workplace injuries cause about one
fatality every day.
2011 Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
WORK SAFE!
THANK YOU