Internet Exchange Point Design: ISP/IXP Workshops

1 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco ISP Workshops

Internet Exchange Point
Design
ISP/IXP Workshops ISP/IXP Workshops
222 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ISP Workshops
IXP Design
Layer 2 Exchange Point
Layer 3 Exchange Point
Transit Exchange Point
Design Considerations
Internet Exchange Points
Layer 2 exchange point
ethernet, ATM or Frame Relay switch
Layer 3 exchange point
router based
central or distributed
Layer 2 Exchange
The traditional IXP
Layer 2 Exchange
ISP 1
ISP 2
ISP 3
IXP
Management
Network
ISP 6
ISP 5 ISP 4
Ethernet Switch
IXP Services:
TLD DNS,
Routing Registry
Looking Glass,
news, etc
Layer 2 Exchange
ISP 1
ISP 2
ISP 3
IXP
Management
Network
ISP 6
ISP 5 ISP 4
Ethernet Switches
IXP Services:
TLD DNS,
Routing Registry
Looking Glass,
news, etc
Layer 2 Exchange
Two switches for redundancy
ISPs use dual routers for redundancy or
loadsharing
Offer services for the common good
Internet portals and search engines
DNS TLD, News, NTP servers
Routing Registry and Looking Glass
Layer 2 Exchange
Requires neutral IXP management
usually funded equally by IXP participants
24x7 cover, support, value add services
Secure and neutral location
Configuration
private address space if non-transit and no value add
services
ISPs require AS, basic IXP does not
Layer 2 Exchange
Network Security Considerations
LAN switch needs to be securely
configured
Management routers require TACACS+
authentication, vty security
IXP services must be behind router(s) with
strong filters
Layer 3 Exchange
The wholesale transit ISP
11 11 11 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ISP Workshops
Layer 3 Exchange
ISP 1
ISP 2
ISP 3
IXP
Management
Network
ISP 6
ISP 5 ISP 4
IXP Router
IXP Services:
TLD DNS,
Routing Registry
Looking Glass,
news, etc
Layer 3 Exchange
ISP 1
ISP 2
ISP 3
IXP
Management
Network
ISP 6
ISP 5 ISP 4
IXP Routers
IXP Services:
TLD DNS,
Routing Registry
Looking Glass,
news, etc
Layer 3 Exchange
Two routers for redundancy
ISPs use dual routers for redundancy or
loadsharing
Offer services for the common good
Internet portals and search engines
DNS TLD, News, NTP servers
Routing Registry and Looking Glass
Layer 3 Exchange
Requires neutral IXP management
usually funded equally by IXP participants
24x7 cover, support, value add services
BGP configuration skills essential
Secure and neutral location
Configuration
private address space if non-transit and no value add
services
ISPs and IXP require AS
Layer 3 Exchange
Network Security Considerations
Core IXP router(s) require strong security, preferably
with BGP neighbour authentication
Management routers require TACACS+
authentication, vty security
IXP services must be behind router(s) with strong
filters
Layer 2 versus Layer 3
Layer 3
IXP team requires good BGP knowledge
Rely on 3rd party for BGP configuration
Less freedom on who peers with whom
Could potentially compete with IXP membership
Easier to distribute over wide area
Layer 2 versus Layer 3
Layer 2
IXP team does not need routing knowledge
Easy to get started
More complicated to distribute over wide area
ISPs free to set up peering agreements with
each other as they wish
Transit Exchanges
Transit IXPs
Provides local Internet exchange facility to
members
Also provides transit to Internet or
upstream ISP
Usually operated as a commercial service
Usually layer 3 design
Layer 3 Transit Exchange
ISP 1
ISP 2
ISP 3
IXP
Management
Network
ISP 5
ISP 4 Transit Routers
IXP Routers
IXP Services:
TLD DNS,
Routing Registry
Looking Glass,
news, etc
Internet
ISP
IXP Design Considerations
Routing and Address Space
ISP border routers should not be configured with
default route or carry full Internet routing table
Use private addresses if possible public
address space means IXP network could be
leaked to Internet which may be undesirable
Hardware
Dont mix port speeds
if 10Mbps and 100Mbps connections available, terminate on
different switches (L2 IXP)
Dont mix transports
if terminating ATM PVCs and G/F/Ethernet, terminate on
different devices
Insist that IXP participants bring their own router
moves buffering problem off the IXP
security is responsibility of the ISP, not the IXP
Services Offered
Services offered should not compete with
member ISPs (basic IXP)
e.g. web hosting at an IXP is a bad idea unless
all members agree to it
IXP operations should make performance
and throughput statistics available to
members
Services to Offer
TLD DNS
the country IXP could host the countrys top level DNS
e.g. UK. TLD is hosted at LINX in London
Usenet News
Usenet News is high volume
could save bandwidth to all IXP members
Services to Offer
Route Collector
All IXP members peer with the route collector
Route collector shows the reachability information
available at the exchange
Requires a simple router with large memory
Looking Glass
one way of making the Route Collector routes available
for global view
public or members only access
Services to Offer
Route Server
Reduces admin burden on IXP member routers
only BGP session is with Route Server
Route Server supplies all paths it knows to the IXP
member routers no best path selection
Can use private AS
Route Server software does not prepend its AS to the AS
path
RSd (from Merit Network) commonly used
Services to Offer
Network Time Protocol
Locate a stratum 1 time source (GPS receiver, atomic
clock, etc) at IXP
Multicast
Provide MBONE and other multicast services for the
common good
Services to Offer
Routing Registry
Routing Registry is used to register the
routing policy of the IXP membership
documenting peering relationships
auto-configuring of peer routers
Alternative is to use the public Internet
Routing Registry (IRR)
IXP Design
Summary
Summary
L2 IXP most commonly deployed
typically based around ethernet or ATM
switches
L3 IXP nowadays generally a marketing
concept used by wholesale ISPs
doesnt offer the same flexibility as L2
Internet Exchange Point
Design
ISP/IXP Workshops ISP/IXP Workshops

Internet Exchange Point Design: ISP/IXP Workshops

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1 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco ISP Workshops

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