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IS 1323 (1982): Code of practice for oxy-acetylene welding
for structural work in mild steels [MTD 12: Welding
Applications]
I S: 132391982
( Reafliiwd 19% )
lndian Standard
CODE OF PRACTI CE FOR
OXY-ACETYLENE WELDI NG FOR
STRUCTURAL WORK I N MI LD
( Second Revision )
STEEL
Second Reprint OCTOBER 1908
UDC 621791555: 6240142 f 00676
0 Copyright 1982
BUREAU OF
INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN,
9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC3
NEW DELHI 110002
Cr 6
December 1982






( Reaffirmed 2003 )
IS t 1323 - 1982
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTI CE FOR
OXY-ACETYLENE WELDI NG FOR
STRUCTURAL WORK I N MI LD STEEL
( Second Revision )
Welding Applications Sectional Committee, SMDC 15
Chairman
SRRI P. N. AHUMUC+HAM
Members
Refwescnting
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, New Delhi
SHE1 J . K. Aa~nwa~ra
Stewarts & Lloyds of India Ltd, Calcutta
SH~I B. B. MUKEERJ EE i Alternate 1
SHSI R. BANER J EE
\ ~~
SHRI S. BANERJ EE ( Alternate )
SHRI S. N. BASU
SHRI B. N. GHOSAL ( Alternate )
MAJ GXN 0. P. BHATIA
SHRI S. C. BRAWAL
SHRI B. SINaH ( Alternate )
SHRI 12. N. CHAKRABOILTY
SHRI R. C. CHOPM
SHRI R. N. DAS
SHBI AMITAVA GUPTA
SIIRI P. K. GHOSH ( Alternate )
DR J . GLTRURAJ A
Indian Oxygen Ltd, Calcutta
Directorate General of Supplies & Disposal,
New Delhi
Institution of Engineers ( I ), Calcutta
National Test House, Calcutta
Braithwaite & Co Ltd, Calcutta
Association of Indian Engineering Industry,
New Delhi
ACC Vickers Babcock Ltd, Durgapur
Garden Reach Ship Builders & Engineers Ltd,
Calcutta
Bharat Heavy Plate & Vessels Ltd,. Vishakhapat-
nam
SHRI K. V. G. KRISHNAMURTHY ( Altnnatt )
DR J . J AIN Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co Ltd.
SHRI A. V. MULAY ( Alternate )
Jamshedpur
SIIRI A. KHAN
S~ILI B. K. SAHAI ( Alternate )
Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd, Ranchi
( Contin& on @gC 2 )
@ Cofiyiiht 1982
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Co&right Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
oublisher shall be deemed to be an infrinnement of Convriaht under the said Act.





IS : 1323 - 1982
( Continuedfrom page 1 )
Mem hers R+zenting
SHRI S. KUMAR I ndian Register of Shipping, Bombay
SHRI M. M. BHINQRAJ ( Alwnofe)
SHRI K. LAKSHMI NARAYANAN Hindustan Shipyard Ltd, Visakhapatnam
SNI ZI N. S. R. V. RAJ U ( Alternafc )
SHRI S. Y. MAJ UMDAR I ndian I nstitute of Welding, Calcutta
Snar P. K. MALLI CK
J escop & Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI N. MUM Moo~rnr Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army Headquarters,
New Delhi
SHRI M. K. TI I ADANI ( Alternate )
SHRI M. V. NAQI ZSI I AI AH Metallurgical & Engineering Consultants ( I )
Ltd, Ranchi
SHRI N. C. PANDE
Central Boilers Board, New Delhi
SHRIJ.R.PnAsHER
Engineers I ndia Ltd, New Delhi
SERI M. R. C. NAQARAJ AN ( Alternate )
PRODUCTION E N G I N E ER I CF, Ministry of Railways
MADRAS
DEPUTY DI RECTOR STDS ( B & S )
( Alternate I )
CHEMIST & METALLURGI ST-~
RDSO, Lucn~ow ( Alterna(8 I I i
SlIRI w. D. RODttI QUnS Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. K. SRI~IVA~AN Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad
SURI 0. P. KAPOOI ~ ( AIfnnde I )
SIIRI V. S. R. K. P~ASA~ (Alternate I I )
SI%RI R.A.SUBRAMANIAm
Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd,
Calcutta
SNRI P. S. VI SVANATH
Advani Oerlikon Ltd, Bombay
5~111 R. K. THARI ANI ( Alternate)
SHRIC. R.RAMA RAO,
Director General, I S1 ( Ex-oficie Member)
Director (,Struc & Met )
Secretary
SHRI P.DAKSHINAMURTY
Deputy Director ( Merais ), I S1
2





IS : 1323 - 1982
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTI CE FOR
OXY-ACETYLENE WELDI NG FOR
STRUCTURAL WORK I N MI LD STEEL
( Second Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 1 June 1982, after the draft finalized by the
Welding General Sectional Committee had been approved by the Struc-
tural and Metals Division Council.
0.2 This standard, first published in 1959, was revised in 1966. In this
revision, the following major modifications have been effected:
a>
b)
cl
The allowable stresses have been aligned with those for parent
metal given in IS : 800-1962*;
Wherever possible the design provisions have been aligned with
IS : 816-19697; and
Considering the decline in application of owy-acetylene welding
process for welding of mild steels of thickness above 6.3 mm, this
standard has been modified suitably,
0.3 In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from
BS : 693-1960 General requirements for oxy-acetylene welding of mild
steel issued by the British Standards Institution, London,
0.4 This standard does not cover specific information for welding of struc-
tural tubes. However, it is considered that this standard is applicable to
all forms of structural steel.
0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expres-
sing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2- 1960$. The number of significant places retained in the rounded
*Code of practice for use of structural steel in general building constructino
( rcviscd ).
tCode of practice for use of metal arc welding for general construction in mild steel
(Jirsl rcuision ). 6
IRules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).
3





IS I 1323 - 1982
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this
standard.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the use of oxy-acetylene welding of structu-
ral steel work in mild steel of thickness up to and including 6.3 mm.
1.2 This code does not apply to welding of pressure vessels, pipelines and
pipe assemblies for fluids under pressure.
1.3 This standard is a supplement to IS : 800-1962* and a complement to
1s : 816-1969t.
2. DEFINITIONS
2.1 All terms relating to gas-wrlded construction shall have, unless
specifically defined in this code, the meaning assigned to them in IS :
812-1957$.
3. MATERIAL
3.1 Parent Metal - Mild steel used for structural members and connec-
tions shall conform to IS : 2 -6-19755 or IS : 2062-196911 or equivalent.
3.2 Filler Rods - Filler rods shall conform to IS : 1278-19721.
4. WELDING EQUIPMENT
4.1 Pressure Regulators - Pressure regulators shall conform to IS :
6901-1981**.
4.2 Hose - Welding hose shall conform to IS : 447-1980tt.
4.3 Hose Connections - Hose connections shall conform to IS :
6016-1970$$.
4.4 Blow Pipes - Blow pipes shall conform to IS : 7653-1975@.
*Code of practice for use of structural steel in general building construction
( reuised ) .
+Code of practice for use of metal arc welding for general construction in mild steel
(first revi si on ).
SGlossary of terms relating to welding and cutting of metals.
SStructural steel ( standard quality ) (Jiflh reuision ).
[IStructural steel ( fusion welding quality ) (J;r~t revision ).
BFiller rods and wires for eas weldine f second revision 1.
*&Pressure regulators for g; cylinders-uied in welding; cutting and related processes
(J;rst rccrtsion ).
ttSpecification for rubber hose for welding ( third revision j.
$$Hose connection for welding and cutting equipment.
Manual blowpipes for welding and cutting.





3.5 Other equipment used in oxy-acetylene welding shall conform to
relevant Indian Standards, where available.
5. DESIGN
5.1 General Requirements
5.1.1 In designing structures for oxy-acetylene welding, it is
recommended that fillet welds be avoided and butt welds be employed as
far as possible. Fillet welds should not be used for structures subject to
dynamic load.
5.1.2 The arrangement of welds shall be such that uncertainty as to the
distribution of stress is minimized. Where an eccentric connection cannot
be avoided, the bending effect shall be computed and adequate provision
made.
5.1.3 In structures subjected to dynamic load, only complete penetration
butt welds shall be used.
5.1.4 In all cases, the location of the weld and the form and dimensions
of the weld surfaces shall be such as will provide access for the filler rod
.and the blow pipe to the surfaces to be welded, and enable the welder to
see clearly the work in progress.
5.1.5 Adequate provisions shall be made for controlling the ultimate
dimensions and configurdtion to offset the effects of distortions due to
welding. Some general _ guidelines on distortion control are given in
Appendix B.
5.2 Butt Weld
5.2.1 Size -
The size of butt welds shall be specified by the effective
throat thickness.
5.2.2 Effective Throat Thickness
5.2.2.1 The effective throat thickness of a complete penetration butt
weld shall be taken as the thickness of the thinner member joined. Rein
forcement shall be provided to ensure full cross sectional area, but shall
not be considered as part of the effective throat thickness.
5.2.2.2 The effective throat thickness of an incomplete penetration
butt weld shall be taken as the minimum thickness of the weld meta]
common to the members joined, excluding the reinforcement.
5.2:3 Efictive Length -The effective length of a butt weld shall be taken
as the length of the continuous weld having minimum effective throat
thickness.
5





%
km._.
IS: 1323 - 1982
512.3.1 Intermittent butt welds - The effective length of intermittent
butt welds shall be not less than four times the longitudinal space
between the e%ctive length of welds nor more than 16 times the thinner
part joined. Such welds should be used for shear load only.
5.2.3.2 Transverse skewed butt weld - Such weld shall not be assumed
in computations to be longer than the width of the joint or member
perpendicular to the direction of stress.
5.2.4 Effective Area of Butt Welds - The effective area of a butt weld
shall be considered as the effective length multiplied by the effective throat
thickness for the purposes of design calculations for load.
5.2.4.1 Load_carrying butt weIds - Butt welds shall be considered as
the parent metal for purpose of design calculation.
5.2.4.2 .hron-load carrying butt welds - Incomplete penetration butt
welds due to non-accessibility,*shall be considered as non-load carrying
for the purposes of design calculations.
5.2.5 Sealing - In all cases, where welded joints are liable to be exposed
tpdetrimental conditions, the joining edges of the contact surfaces shall
be sealed by welding; or the parts shall be effectively connected by
welding, so that the contact surfaces are securely held in contact to prevent
the entry of moisture or other deleterious substances.
5.2.6 Reinforcement - Only sufficient surface convexity shall be
provided by reinforcement to ensure full cross-sectional area at the joint.
The reinforcement shall not be considered as part of the effective throat
thickness and may be removed to provide a flush surface, if desired. For
a butt weld of parts of equal thickness, the reinforcement shall be as
follows :
Plate Thickness Reinforcement
mm
Upto and including 6 mm 1.5 to 3.0
Above 6 mm to up and 1.5 to 4.5
including 10 mm
Above 10 mm 1.5 to 6
5.2.7 Butt Welding of Members of Unequal Thickness - Where members
of different thicknesses are butt welded and the surfaces of the members
are-out of plane by more than 3 mm, the thicker member shall be tapered
down so that the slope of the surface from the thinner part shall not be
steeper than one in three before butt welded to the thinner members of
equal thickness ( see Fig. 1A ).
6





IS t 1323 - 1982
5.2.7.1 Where the differential thickness is less than or equal to 3 mm!
the weld metal shall be built up between the two members to the thickness
of the thicker part ( see Fig. IB ).
1A BeveIling of Parts of
IB
Unequal Thickness
Building up of Parts of
Unequal Thickness
Qo. 1 BUTT WELDINGOF PARTS OF UNEQUAL THICKNESS
93 Fillet Weld
5.3.1 The size of a fillet weld shall be determined by the minimum leg
length ( see Fig. 2 ).
r
fEN+n LEG
///A
r ACTUAL LEG LENGTH
THROAT THICKNESSX
*Minimum leg length required.
FIG. 2 DIMENSIONS OF FILLET WELD
5.3.2. Effective Throat Thickness - The effective throat thickness of
a fillet weld shall not be less than 3 mm and shall generally be not less
than 0.7 times or not more than O-9 times of the specified size of the fillet
7





I S : 1323- 1f l @2
5. 3. 2. 1 St& of concave fillet welds + For concave fillet welds, the
minimum effective throat thickness shall be specified.
5. 3. 2. 2 Fbr the purpose of design calculations, the effective throat
thickness shall be taken as not more than 0.7 times the specified size of
fillet welds.
5. 3. 2. 3 Gap in fillet welds - In the- case of T-fillet and corner welds,
the gap between the surf&es of the parts to be joined ( ste Fig. 3 ) shall
be kept to a minimum and sh$l generally not exceed l-5 mm at any point
before welding.
E = Throat thickness, not less than 0.707 D or F ( whichever is shorter ).
Fro. 3 T-FILLET WELD
5. 3. 3 Angle Between. Fusion Faces - Fillet weld connecting parts, th3
fusion faces of which form an angle more than 120 or less than thti
specified below, according to the position of welding, shall not be reliel
upon to tr&nsmit load :
- Flat or downhand welding 60"
k ertical and horizontal vertical 70
;welding
Okerhead welding 80
5.3.4 Eflctive Length - The effective length of a fillet weld ~611 bc
;aken as th#t length only which is of the specified size and required throat
thickness. In practice the actual length of weld shall be the effective
length shown on the drawing plus twice the weld size.
5.3.4.1 Minimum Length - The effective length of a fillet weld
designed to transmit load, shall not be less than four times the size of the
weld.
5.3.5 I ntermittent Fillet Weld - Intermittent fillet welds may be used to
trSInsfer calculated stress across a joint when the strength required is less
than that developed by a continuous fillet weld of the smallest size for the
thickness of the members joined. Intermittent welds are not recommended
8





IS : 1323- 1982
to he used in the case of main members of structures directly exposed to
weather However, if such intermittent welds are preferred for reasons
of economy or otherwise, the welds shall be turned around the corners and
edges or ends.
5.3.5.1 The clear spacing between the effective lengths of intermi-
ttent fillet welds carrying calculated stress shall not exceed the following
number of times the thickness of the thinner plate joined and shall in no
case be more than 20 cm:
12 times for compression, and
16 times for tension.
Longitudinal fillet welds at the ends of built-up members shall have an
effective length of not less than the width of the component part joined;
unless end transverse welds are used, in which case, the sum of the end
longitudinal and .end transverse welds shall be not less than twice the
width of the component part.
Chain intermittent welding is to be preferred to staggered intermi-
ttent welding. Where staggered intermittent welding is u>ed, the ends of
the component paft shall be welded on both sides.
5.3.5.2 In B line of intermittent filler welds, the welding shall extend
to the ends of the parts connected; for welds staggered about two edges,
this applies generally to both edgs, but need not apply to subsidiary
fittings or components, such as intermediate web stiffeners.
5.3.6 Fillet Wklds Applied to the Edge of a Plate or Section
5.3.6.1 Where the fillet weld is applied to the rounded toe of a
rolled section or square edge of a part, the specified size of the fillet weld
should generally not exceed three-fourths of the thickness of the section at
the toe, unless the leg length is specifically built up to make it equal to
the thickness of the section or the plate.
5.3.7 In lap joints, the minimum amount of lap shall be at least five
times the thickness of the thinner part and welds shall be provided at the
end of each part.
5.3.7.1 A side fillet weld is a fillet weld stressed in longitudinal
shear, that is, a fillet weld the axis of which is parallel to the direction of
the applied load (see Fig. 4 ).
5.3.7.2 An end fillet weld.is a fillet weld stressed in transverse shear,
that is, a fillet weld the axis of which is at right angles to the direction of
the applied load ( see Fig. 4 ).
5.3.7.3 A diagonal fillet weld is a fillet weld of which the axis is
inclined to the direction of the applied load.
9





ISr1323-1982
FIG. 4 JOINT SHOWING SIDE AND END FILLET WELDS
5.3.7.4 If side fillet welds alone are used in end connections, the
length of each side fillet weld shall be not less than the distance between
them.
5.3.7.5 End fillets shall be so arranged that the weld is subjected to
either tension or coinpression.
5.3.7.6 A T-fillet weld is a fillet weld joining two parts, the end or
edge of one part butting on a surface of the other. part ( see Fig. 3 ).
5.3.8 Plug Welds - The effective area of a plug weld shall be consi-
dered as the nominal area of the hole in the plane of faying surface. Plug
welds shall not be designed to carry stresses.
5.3.8.1 Where plug welds are used in holes through one or more of the
parts being joined, the total thickness of assembly shall not exceed
6.3 mm. The diameter of the hole shall be 2 x t or 12 mm whichever is
smaller. Centre to centre distance between adjacent holes shall not be
less than 25 mm and distance from the nearest edges shall not be
less than 3 x t, where t is the aggregate thickness of the parts to be
joined by plug weld.
5.3.9 Bending About Single Fillet Weld - A single fillet weld shall not be
subjected to a bending moment about the longitudinal axis of the fillet.
5.3.10 End Returns -Fillet welds terminating at the ends or sides of
parts or members shall, wherever practicable, be turned continuously
around the corners in the same plane for a distance not less than twice
the size of the we1.d. This provision shall, in particular, apply to side and
top fillet welds in tension which connect brackets, beam seatings and
similar parts.
5.3.11 Combinations of Welds
weld ( butt, fillet,
-I f two or more of the general types of
plu g and slot ) are combined in a single joint, the
effective capacity of each shall be separately computed with reference to
the axis of the group, in order to determine the allowable capacity of the
combination,
10





ISr1323-1982
6. PERMISSIBLE WORKING STRESSES
6.1 Shop Welds
6.l.l Butt Welds - Butt welds shall be treated as parent metal with
a thickness equal to the effective throat thickness, and the working stress
shall not exceed those permitted in the parent metal ( see 10 of IS : 8OO-
1962 ).
6.1,2 Fillrt Welds - The permissible working stress in fillet welds based
on the effective throat thickness area shall be lC8 MPa ( 1 100 kgf/cnr ).
6.1.3 The permissible shear s.tress on plug welds, based on the nominal
area of the hole in the plane of the faying surface, shall be 108 MPa
( 1 100 kg/Cm2 ).
6.2 Site Welds
6.2.1 Site welds made during the erection of structural members shall
be reduced to 80 percent of the permissible working stresses of those given
in 6.1 for tension and shear,
6.3 Increased Permissible Stresses -Where design calculations take
into consideration the effects of wind or earthquake, or both, the permis-
sible stresses given in 6.1 may be increased by 25 percent. In no case shnll
the welds thus provided be less than those needed if the effects of wind
or earthquake or both are neglected.
7. WELDING PROCEDURE
7.1 Butt joints between members of equal thickness shall be welded in
accordance with the procedure laid down in Table 1, regarding the
following:
a) Edge preparation for thickness range,
b) Assembly,
c) Welding positions, and
d) Weldi@ technique.
7.2 Welding Technique - Welding shall be carried out by one of the
two techniques of oxy-accetylene gas welding process as described in
Appendix A.
7.2.1 It is recommended that rightward (or backward ) welding
technique be used only when thickness of the plate is around 6 mm for
butt joints and in case of fillet welds, where the aggregate thickness is
more than 10 mm.
NOTE - For general recommendation regarding the mrthod of welding refe-
rence may be made to SP : 12-1975t.
*Code of practice for use of structural steel.in general building construction (revised).
tIS1 handbook for gas welders.





IS t 1323 - 1982
7.3 Flame Conditions
7.3.1 For ensuring metallurgical integrity of weld deposit, flame
conditions need to be adjusted and maintained at desired level. General
guidance has been outlined in Appendix C.
TABLE 1 PROCEDURE FOR OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING FOR
BUTT WELDS
( Clause 7.1 and A-5.1 )
i) Type ofJoinf: Square Edge Butt Joint
Thickness Range: 1.6 to 6.3 mm
Assembb :
THICKNESS RANCUE, GAP, g, mm
T,mm
POSITION WELDINQ
TECRNIQUE
Forward
Backward
Forward
One operator
Forward
Two operators
Backward
16 to 3.15 T
3.15 to 6.3 T/2
1.6 to 5.0 T
5.0 to 6.3 T/2
3.15 to 6.3 T/2
Flat
Flat
Vertical
Vertical
All positions
ii, Type of3oinf: Single Vee Groove Butt Joint
Thhrckncss Range: 3.15 to 6.3 mm
Asstmbly:
THICKNESS RANGE, GAP, g, mm INCLUDED POSITIOP;
WIXLDIN~
T, mm ANGLE, 0 TECHNIQUE
3.15 to 6.3 3.15 80-90 Flat Forward
Above 6.0
T/4
60 - 70 Flat Backward
5.0 to 6.3 4.0 Max 50-60 All positions Backward
8. WORKMANSHIP
8.1 For general recommendations regarding workmanship reference may
be made to SP: 12*.
8.2 The surfaces to be welded and the surrounding material for a distance
of at least 12 mm from the weld shall be freed from scale and cleaned so
as to remove dirt, grease, paint, heavy rust or other surface deposit, wire
brushing shall be used if necessary. A coating of linseed oil applied for
the purpose of preventing corrosion may be disregarded.
8.3 Fusion faces may be cut by shearing, chipping, machining or machine
gas cutting, Hand cutting by gas may be substituted for machine gas
*IS1 handbook for gas welders.





18 t 1323 - I982
cutting only if the latter is impracticable, and in such a case the cutter
shall be adequately guided so that the cut edge is clean and uniform.
8.3.1 If the prepared fusion face is irregular, it shall be dressed by
chipping, filling or grinding to the satisfaction of the engineer or
the purchaser.
8.4 The piece to be welded shall be securely held in their correct relative
positions during welding, so as to ensure that the gap is maintained uni-
formly and the distortion is controlled to a minimum.
8.4.1 The welding sequence adopted shall be such that distortion is
reduced to a minimum ( see Appendix B ).
8.5 The deposition of the weld metal shall be carried out, SO as to ensure
that:
a) welds are of good clean metal deposited by a procedure which
will ensure uniformity and continuity of the weld, and
b) the surfaces of the weld have an even contour and regular finish
and indicate proper fusion with the parent metal.
8.6 Care shall be taken to ensure that full penetration and fusion is
obtained up to the root of welds.
8.6.1 The bottom or underside of a butt weld shall be characterized by
an even bead of penetrated weld metal ( see Fig. 5).
FIG. 5 GOOD BUTT WELDS
13





IS I T323 - 1982
8.6.2 A dcfcctivc weld without a_ bead of penetrated weld metal is
shown in Fig. 6.
NOTE - The penetration bead should join with the surface of the parent metal
in a smooth continuous contour indicating fusion between penetrated weld metal
and parent metal. A hard or sharp line along the edge of the weld metal penetra-
tion bead is likely to indicate lack of fusion between penetrated weld metal and
parent metal.
A
UNDERCUTTING AND
NO REINFORCEMENT
L FLUSH OR CONCAVE
FIG. 6 DEFECTIVE BUTT WELD
8.7 Welds showing cavities or lack of proper fusion shall be cut out and
re-welded to the satisfaction of the engineer or the purchaser.
8.8 Care shall be taken to avoid undercutting and, where serious under-
cutting occurs, the reduction shall be made good by additional weld metal
to the satisfaction of the engineer or the purchaser.
8.9 Welds and adjacent parts shall not be painted until approved by the
engineer or purchaser. If a protective coating is required, then clean
linseed oil may be used.
8.19 Welders shall be provided with such staging and, if necessary,
protection as will enable them to perform the welding operations
properly.
8.11 All welding equipment shall be in good condition and capable of
enabling the welder to provide and maintain the correct flame at ail
times.
8.12 Flame Conditions
8.12.1 Flame conditions shall be as given in Appendix C.
9. INSPECTION AND TESTING
9.1 For purposes of inspection and testing, reference should be made to
IS : 822-1970* and SP : 12t.
*Code of procedure for inspection of weld:
tIS1 handbook for gas welders.
14





IS:1323 -1982
10. OPERATOR QUALIFICATION
10.1 For details on operator qualification,
reference should be made to
IS : 1393-1961*. They shall also be subjected to appropriate qualifying
tests specified in IS : 7307 ( Part I)-1974t_, IS : 7310 (Part I)-1974$ and
IS : 7318( Part I )-19743.
11. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND HEALTH PROVISIONS
11.1 For purposes of safety requirements and health provisions, reference
should be made to IS : 818-196~11 and IS : 3016-19657.
APPENDIX A
( Clause 7.2 )
METHOD OF OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING
A-l. RIGHTWARD ( OR BACKWARD ) ;METHOD
,A-1.1 In the rightward method, welding blowpipe and welding rod are so
disposed that the flame points back at the completed weld while the rod
is interposed in between and is constantly in the molten puddle (see
Fig. 7 ). The welding rod is giveu an elongated elliptical motion on the
surface of the weld puddle.
A-2. ALL-POSITION RIGHTWARD METHOD
A-2.1 The all-position rightward technique is a modification of rightward
( or backward ) method, whereby the flame precedes the rod (see-Fig. 8 ).
This method is particularly suitable for the welding of mild steel plate and
pipe in vertical, horizontal-vertical and overhead positions.
A-3. LEFTWARD ( OR FORWARD ) METHOD
A-3.1 In the leftward method, welding blowpipe and welding rod are so
disposed that the flame points away from the complete weld and the rod
is followed by the flame ( see Fig. 9 ).
*Code of practice for training and testing of oxy-acetylene welders.
tApprova1 tests of welding procedures: Part I Fusion welding of steel.
$Approval testing of welders working to approval welding procedures: Part I Fusion
welding of steel.
Approval tests for welders when welding procedure approval is not required:
Part I Fusion welding of steel.
llCode of practice for safety and health requirements in electric and eas weldine
and cutting dperations (Jirst r&&n ).
w
TCode of practice for fire precautions in welding and cutting operations.
-v
15





-.-a-.*........--.. ^_~--_--_-l~l~-_... . .-_ _____,.. .__, l_-._l___
tS I 1323 - 1982
FIG. 7 RNXSIWARD OR BACKWARD WELDING
16





SIDE ELEVATION
SIDE ELEVATION PLAN
VERTICAL
QVER HEAD HORIZONTAL-VERTICAL
FIG.~ ALL-POSITION RICHTWARDWELDINO
1
CI
E





FIG. 9 FEFTWARD OR FORWARD WELDING
A-4. VERTICAL UPWARD WELDING,, SINGLE OPERATOR
A-4.1 In this methoa, the welding is done by a single operator and the
welding proceeds upwards, using the technique where the welding rod
precedes the flame along the joint ( see Fig. 10 ).
A-5. VERTICAL UPWARD WELDING, TWO OPERATORS
WORKING SIMULTANEOUSLY
A-5.1 In this technique, the two operators face each other on opposite
sides of the joint. The operators use blowpipes of the same power, weld-
ing proceeds upwards, using the technique where the welding rod





IS:1323 -1982
FI G. 10 VERTI CAL UPWARD WELDI NG SI NGLE OPERATOR
precedes the flame along the joint ( see Fig. 11 ). Butt welds only are
possible by this technique.
Steel plates up to 6.3 mm thick need not be
bevelled, and the gap between the abutting edges shall be as given in
Table 1.
FI G. 11 VERTI CAL UPWARD WELDI NG, Two OPERATORS
APPENDIX B
( Clauses 5.1.5 and 8.4.1 )
DI STORTI ON CONTROL
B-l. Distortion is likely to be present in assemblies requiring the applica-
tion of heat. I n oxy-acetylene welding of sheet metal in particular, this
problem may be quite serious.
19





-~..- .-.... r
IS : 1323 - 1982
B-l.1 Distortion may be minimized and in some cases completely over-
come if suitable precautions are taken.
are useful:
The follcwing guiding principles
4
b)
4
4
4
The recommendations with regard to plate edge precaution,
gap-settings, etc, should be followed properly.
Tacks should be equally spaced and the sizes of tacks should be
minimum and commensurate with holding the weld seam in
correct alignment.
Back-step or skip welding should be done in case of relatively
long seams; the idea is to keep the distribution of heat uniform
as fai as practicable.
Use of welding jigs and chills is very helpful and where these are
used, care should be taken to see that the welder finds easy
access to the seam and is able to perform the welding comfor-
tably.
Pi-e-setting of parts to be joined to nullify distortion due to
contraction of the work may also be used.
APPENDIX C
( Clauses 7.3.1 and 8.12)
FLAME CONDITIONS
c-l. WELDiNG FLAME
C-l.1 The maintenance of a constant flame at the desired adjustment is
most important. Generally, for steel the flame should be neutral, that is,
the inner cone should be sharply defined with a very slight haze or flicker
at the end of it. This haze or flicker provides an c indicator , which by
its disappearance will show when the flame is tending to become oxidizing
(see Fig. 12).
C-2. WELDING NOZZLE
C-2.1 The orifice of the welding nozzle shall be kept clean at all times
during the welding operation, so that a regular and symmetrical inner
cone may be maintained.
C-3. SIZE OF INNER CONE
C-3.1 The size of the inner cone shall be regulated by changing the
nozzle and adjusting the gas pressure for different thicknesses of parent
metal so that the proper amount of heat is obtained to perform the
welding operation.
20





iS : 1323 - 1982
IZA Oxidizing Flame
( Excess of Oxygen )
( An oxidizing flame
is necessary f,or weG
ding brass )
12R Neutral Flame
( Equal quantities of
Oxygen and Acety-
tene ) (For steel,
stainless steel, cast
iron, copper, alumi-
nium, etc )
12C Carburizing flame
( Excess (6 A;em;,;
lene )
excess ofacetylene is
necessary for stelli-
ting, hard-facing,
etc )
FIG. 12: FLAME CONDITIONS
Adjustment of the flame size is preferably made by changing the nozzle
rather than by altering the gas pressure.
C-4. GAS PRESSURE
C-4.1 The gas pressure, shall be substantial as recommended by the
manufacturers for the nozzle being used.
$3. MANUAL OPERATION OF WELDING FLAME
C-5.1 The flame shall be manipulated, so as to maintain a puddle of
molten metal of sufficient size without overheating either the parent
metal or the deposited metal. Excessive or unnecessary manipulation
which agitates the weld metal and exposes it to atmospheric contamination
shall be avoided. Impurities encountered or produced during the wel-
ding operation, usually appearing as small white specks, globules or
flakes, shall be floated to the surface of the weld metal by melting below
their lodgement.
21





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