Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Quran. It originated in the 7th century AD with the prophet Muhammad, who Muslims believe received revelations from God. The core beliefs of Islam include the oneness of God, following the teachings and practices of Muhammad, and believing that the Quran is the final revelation from God. There are over 1 billion Muslims worldwide who are united by their submission to God and obedience to Islamic law, though they are a diverse group ethnically and come from many countries.
Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Quran. It originated in the 7th century AD with the prophet Muhammad, who Muslims believe received revelations from God. The core beliefs of Islam include the oneness of God, following the teachings and practices of Muhammad, and believing that the Quran is the final revelation from God. There are over 1 billion Muslims worldwide who are united by their submission to God and obedience to Islamic law, though they are a diverse group ethnically and come from many countries.
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A Concise Introduction to Islam by Richard T. Nolan.
Only 4 Pages.
Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Quran. It originated in the 7th century AD with the prophet Muhammad, who Muslims believe received revelations from God. The core beliefs of Islam include the oneness of God, following the teachings and practices of Muhammad, and believing that the Quran is the final revelation from God. There are over 1 billion Muslims worldwide who are united by their submission to God and obedience to Islamic law, though they are a diverse group ethnically and come from many countries.
Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Quran. It originated in the 7th century AD with the prophet Muhammad, who Muslims believe received revelations from God. The core beliefs of Islam include the oneness of God, following the teachings and practices of Muhammad, and believing that the Quran is the final revelation from God. There are over 1 billion Muslims worldwide who are united by their submission to God and obedience to Islamic law, though they are a diverse group ethnically and come from many countries.
A Concise Introduction to Islam: by Richard T. Nolan
ISLAM is derived from the Arabic root salaama meaning peace, purity, submission and obedience. Islam stands for making peace by submitting to the will of God and obeying His law. Jews and Christians view Islam as the latest of the worlds great religions. However, worldwide Muslims (sometimes written Moslems) understand their universal religion as the final religion and the primal religion. As final, Islam is Gods final revelation of prophetic religion, in fulfillment of all that had preceded. Moses was given the Law; David was given the Psalms; Jesus was given the Gospel. Judaism offers Gods message of justice, and Christianity proclaims the love of God. To Mohammed (570-632 A.D.; spelled in a variety of ways) the God of Abraham and Jesus revealed the Quran (Arabic for recital, sometimes written Koran). The Quran, written in Arabic, is the Sacred Scripture of Islam, the perfection of all previous divine revelations, and is to be understood literally as the direct words of God. In this sense of scriptural literalism, all Muslims may be called fundamentalists. However, when referring to the aggressive behaviors of a few, militants and extremists are better categories. Muslims believe in all prophets of the Bible. The Quran itself mentions the Torah and the Gospel as scriptures revealed by God to Moses and Jesus. However, the Quran indicates that over time, changes were made to the actual biblical texts, because of commentary blended with the original text, as well as losses to the texts through transmission and other causes. For these reasons, Muslims cannot rely absolutely on the Torah and Gospels as sources of revelation, unless they confirm what is in the Quran or at least are in harmony with it. As Seal of the Prophets and apostle of Allah (which means the God in Arabic), Mohammed is neither divine nor the focal point of Islam; therefore, the religion should not be called Mohammadanism. For the one billion or more Muslims (about 6 million in the United States), who are of many racial and ethnic backgrounds - Arabs being a minority, Islam is the middle way between Judaism and Christianity; it restores the unity of the children of Abraham and overcomes the limitations of Judaism and Christianity. Jesus, the prophet to the lost sheep of Israel, limits Christianity; Judaism is similarly limited. Islam proclaims a practical synthesis of Judaism and Christianity for all humanity. Overcoming the incompleteness of the justice of Judaism and the idealistic love of Christianity, Islam brings to fulfillment all that Judaism and Christianity anticipated. For the Muslim believer, Islam is perfected Judaism and perfected Christianity. 2
As primal, Islam is the authentic religion of Adam, of Abraham, and of human nature. Islam is not younger than Judaism and Christianity; it preceded both. Not only is it the religion of the Spoken Book (the Quran), it is as well the religion of the Created Book (the fabric of the universe itself). According to the Muslim faith, every person is born a Muslim, and distortions of ones environment lead a person astray to become a Christian, a Jew, or an unbeliever. To be human means to be Muslim. Beliefs The doctrines underlying Islam include (1) belief in the God of Abraham, Jesus, and Mohammed; (2) belief in the Quran, which is verbally infallible. According to the account, the angel Gabriel appeared and revealed to Mohammed the contents of this sacred book over several years. (3) belief in the prophets of Allah, of whom Mohammed is the last and greatest and the one commissioned to deliver Allahs message to humanity. Abraham, Moses, and Jesus of Nazareth also are recognized prophets. Moreover, in the Quran Jesus is recognized as the Messiah, and Mary is highly respected. (4) Belief in an afterlife when all people will be judged for their deeds and brought to heaven or condemned to hell. Islam also teaches that peace should be established in the human societies of this world. To participate with God in the establishment of peace, Muslims are called upon to be engaged in jihad, meaning striving. The basic jihad is the struggle of the self, to speak about ones faith, to bring it in obedience to God, and to make sure that one is living a holy and righteous life. Another struggle is jihad as holy war fought only when the faith is being attacked or when Muslims are not allowed to practice their faith. Very few Muslims call for the jihad of the sword even in circumstances they believe to be wrongful. The ummah, or Islamic community or state, is the vibrant avenue for the realization of Gods Will and should serve as an example to the rest of the world. In Islamic social theory, the ummah is formed from the threefold consensus of its members: consensus of the mind, consensus of the heart, and consensus of arms. The ummah is formed from the consensus of minds in that all the members of the society share the same view of reality. It is formed from the consensus of hearts in that all members hold the same values. It is formed from the consensus of arms in that all member exert themselves to actualize their values. The Quran states plainly that the ummah is the preeminent of all human communities given to mankind by God. Practices The Five Pillars of Islam (obligations or duties) are 1) the confession of faith: There is 3
no God but God, and Mohammed is his messenger. 2) prayer five times a day; 3) sharing of wealth, almsgiving, practiced in a variety of ways; 4) fasting for reflection and self-discipline during the month of Ramadan; and 5) pilgrimage to Mecca, at least once in ones lifetime, if possible. Although there are no clergy as such, a clerical class of religious scholars and local religious leaders evolved. Muslims are called to prayer five times each day, and on Friday it is preferred that the noon prayer be said in a mosque (a place of gathering). Shiites and Sunnis After Mohammed died, a division arose over succession to the Prophet. This resulted in the emergence of the Sunnis - now constituting about 90 percent of all Muslims - who consider themselves the orthodox branch of Islam. The other group, the Shiites, who primarily live in Iran, also consider themselves as authentic Muslims. Sunnis and Shiites differ on the issue of succession and in some of their interpretations of the Shariah (the straight path), a comprehensive code of morality and religious duties based on the Quran and the Hadith (traditions of the prophets words and deeds). Characteristics of Shiite Islam include a tradition of honorable martyrdom and in times of crisis the need to employ strong action, including holy war. According to Shiite beliefs, the government of a nation should be a theocracy - a government ruled by God through the Imam (a special spiritual leader). As with any group, Shiites include moderates and extremists. Contemporary Islamic Issues Issues facing Muslims on a global basis are of a practical nature and have to do with Muslim society. Philosophical and theological concerns continue to be of secondary importance, for the faith has already been delivered in final form. However, there is conflict between traditionalists and modernists. Traditionalists are committed to the original beliefs and practices of Islam, including faithfulness to a literal understanding of Quranic law and its applications to contemporary life. Modernists believe that the principles, goals, and fundamental purposes of religious law are unchanging, but the specific forms in which the eternal truths are expressed must change constantly in the face of changing human circumstances. Muslim leaders are divided over national loyalties. As a result of colonialism, the Muslim world has broken into many nation states. Some leaders approve of this development, but others fear that the unifying spirit of Islam is betrayed by political nationalism. Although it has had no centralized authority for centuries, Islam has 4
retained a remarkable spirit of unity; with the emerging variety of political structures in the Muslim world, however, some believers - probably a minority - would prefer a more centralized leadership for religious unity. Others believe that God alone should rule without any earthly mediating authority.