I

l
i

H!STORIONS OF SIND - V ,.,(_ i
Cj)ntre

('UlliJiliE1J 600lS1 1)\
10/0, t-:'6,-, DllhL
THE
HISTORY OF INDIA
A Told By II O.,n Hi.loria"'
THE MUHAMMADAN PERIOD
-- - .
POSTRUMOUS PAPERS
SIR H. M. ELLIOT
; .
&<lhe4 by rrof.John
SUSIL .G_VPTA (INDIA) Lib;
.\ ..CALCUTIA u ..
Jtnc !didon 1861
Sc<ond l'.ditlon 1955
Pub1tthl4 by ~ G\ll"l Sor S ~ ('.upla (Jo&t) Ltd., 3S. Qtltrtllfan
1\Ycrl-. CtJ(\Itltl it, 'and PMctd bJ 1l. It Stn al 1.lod<m Jndin P1tU.
7, WtlUft.tott Sqv.lrt. Clll::utU.JJ.
-
PUBLISHERS' NOTE
The anidel published in this boot arc: from
r.bc fiM n'fUtM O( &he orimaJ t'dicion of l.bt WOfl.
1' he lint arlide the Muimnlut TaworiAh is n abort
i.nuoduct ion to the hinory of l'en.ia, In the Futu/m .. l
B&d4tn, Bll&d,ri In one c:hrtCT the courx or
&be Arab conquaU of Sind. 1bla b one of eulitst
Anbie chronjdtt and actounc of th hnt con
quctu ol che A1:.b.t h1 Syrta, .MtsOJlOCamia, .Eaypt,. Persia.
Armt:nia., Tramoxlann.. Alrfcl, Spa.Jn and Sioct
-r'bc Cllaclt-nmr ddk more fully \irilb the ame
tub)CCC, and cbe Arabic orf1imJ of thiJ wort mun h1V1:
btcn wrhtctt IOQ!l after che c-.cntJ h ft'((Jrdt, chougb the
!'en:i.an versJon, which is t)(mt known co us, it oi J:uer
datt. 'T'he Anb occupation of Sind wu but
it w the precunot, not lhc ol Mwu!man
rule In Jni:!ia, On the rttrcac o[ the Ar.tt:J the
mttll M the country re'' uted to nadvt. prioC"CJ. llt)d nor
whtu:c:anding the tucceues o Mahmud of Chunl, Lhc Jand
reaWncd pnctit:IUy indtpcndan undl iu abt;jM.lor. hno
lh Empln: aurin1 the oC A\bor in 1692 A.D.
Priority o and of tutiJt thua <ve tbc t iabt of
PrtoedcnCC' to Lho Historian o! Sind, Whi le: the hOtuion
of the country and the JndJvJdualily o( tu ffi! Uire
&hot lll Tthl!l>( io sboold be tp osclhcr."
CENTRAl '"\ 'I,.AL
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TttWMi.U
Futvlt"'l Huldn
CltachNnma:
Trilihus Sind
CONTENTS
Account or $1111\lllll Oynu!ty
The Wondtn u( Si1vl
The WondC:I'& or
'
..
'
MUJMALU-T TAWARUCB
[A J'OIITtow o[ tbll most lnterating unique work wa
publiahed hy M. Rcin:md
1
in hi Ar4bt.s cr
l'er&aHI lnedits rdal i/ (I I' bark, from tl1c MS. numbered
62 Jn 1.he Dlbllotllc:que du Rot at l'11ris. Tbe MS. has
bttn daaibe(l to the Journal Athuiquc nt dilrerent times,
by M. O.ulllrtJnerc and M. Mobl, aud h had lJn pro-
Vloutly drawn upon by AnqucdJ Dupc:rron and SUvattc:
de Scy.]
ll"bc chapter published by M. Reinaud., with which
wC an: here concerned, wu not wrluen by the author o
the Mujmu.l binlltiJ, but WAJ botrowed by h_ito (rom an
oJde work. or whicll he thuJ Jpeaks.-"l have &etn a.n
aneil"Jit hook of ll\e tUndus which Abu SaUh bln Shu'aib
bin j11n1i' tnuulat.td hno Arabic ll'om the Hindwani
(Sa.n&k.rh). Thil work W11S lrandp.ted into
Pm:iau in 41? "'" (102G A.D.) by Abul M:uan ' AU bln
Muhammad lll Jiti,
1
ot the lib1ury a.t Jurj.an !or
a. chief o( fhct D0amittL The book l $:lW W81 in tl\ C hfltul
wrhint or the: author, and bore tht d.ue above aivm. lt
is the cuuom of t he Hindu O) philosopliy to put
spttc:hes '"to lhe moutht of and birds., as ifl the
book Kalila wn DirmHI, ;tod accordingly m.aoy Ncb speech
es o.rc. introduced imo thi book. lllave here
the (account,(l{ the) or l.he kings 1-nd short hi&tory
of them. and J have copted it it b not to ba !ouod
God tnow.r."]
1 ,[Tllt. do.te o( th.e original Arable tra.rulation does not
: ft may or may oot been written. bc!ore the
\\':.Ork but !.he "c:xuactJ'' relate lO an andent
period. and more especially to Si.nd, 10 that they come jJl
approprlfately hm at the bqinning- o the hlstodeal
writiJ18" The djit4 of the Penim trao.dation, and $till
'JkM.,Il4'.t JrWI4 1 M4 ''al _btu (j_,, ... ,I!WI"e 161"-
Itt "'ol/U_jt (Jwr. Sn .. Jc" ISSI), 1Ml i4 ufiW.ctJ.
cua,.., S.w., t;/ tiM CfiJtiort: ls to tfu
.. ,.. . .a
2
more tbat o! the MulntAI, would cllrry them onward to
a tater and less i U.i:tab c J?O!ition.J. ,
M. Retnnud is of opan1on th:tt the: tra.nsllted Sarulmt
wort. Y(a& a>mpoted about the (lC)IlUUenttmcn,t O( the
Chrbti11..0 era. r.erulnly long to the AaJ;a Taran
glni, and probo:blr. to the M';thabhariUI: Ill)(( that the
subsequent rc:puuttion or that threw the trnmtated
"''ork into the 6b.a.de. 11 &0', it would go Co:tr to thow that
the Mlhablumua Is, aa Wolfe ud Heyne: lay of the llind,
a ()l)ltc:ction of oldet' JlCX'tiU alrody currtnt for there ill'c
many in Mujwalut Taw1riklt wh.i.ch :uc :.tlmost
fefb:ufm the ume u the)' are at preu:nt prcKrved an Lhe
MahAbhanta.. l11deed, H mJght be aaid that the Maha
bhBr2ta NU iuclf the work tzatul.atC'd by the Arab, h:a.d
noc. .,,iwa.ls been refresenttd as the: apclk.cN.
The: learned Eduor abo tblnts he has dbcovercd lu
tXlttCC indicatkntt o the Drahmanica.J iftf!u.ence being
ottblished 0\'f:t the K51mu-iyas, at an epo.ch rulc:que.nt to
c.be war betwet.n the Pand.avaJ and Ko'luravu. The anler
howe,cr. le&U upon very questionstb1t ground$, ao
cla1estionablc, lndccd. duu we aye tempted co exclaim, at
tltc piOtl.) Pers:iat\ tnndator doo u.t the end ol Indian
Fable r<rded by Mm, "God only knows the I"
Tbt author o[ the "i\fulmalut T1warlkh.'" uys that
bis fnlltn wu che cornplle:r o an worl:., lhat
he hjmKI! bad wriuw a b:i.nory of the Barmd:i.dcs from
their origin to tbd r exl1oction. M. Qu.aruemere and M.
1\Johl uy llu.t hl.s name b unknowrt, \)t\d sJve hi$ pedigr.ce
at gr.ui.d!oan of Mulu.Uib bln bin ShaW. Re
was a uavellcr; for be teUs. w that he bad vblted the
tombt ol Daniel, &tlticl. and :wd certain ancient
buUdinr in Pcuia and BabylOnia, He inonnr tlJ that
he 'commenOC'd bif book A.h. 520 (AJ>. t 126), during the
n:lp o[ San jar, son or MaUl Sbab. oC. the So..IJuli.s.
be muu b.Ave Jim! after thb. for be rtcord.s an
C)f A.rr. !)89 (A.n. 1193.)
His iJ u dlronologicaJ a bridgmcol C)[ ur>i\'erul
hinory the lixlh century of the Uljri. He quotes
:iut.ho-!itie:s :.i"ld makl:!t :._ uiticaJ wt or them.
The toptc on whtch he 1tppean co ha'l( cxm:bcd gtOn
o! his rcHJ.rcbes iJ the history of Pcrda, on whtc:b w6je
MUJMALtr-T
be promises co write hcn:after a more detailed Gcoounl
He givts many curfO\Il and drcu(ost:t_n..tial detaiJJ on
gtography, dcrivt? run 01)lr fro.n boob. but Crom bit own
per.tanill oi.Mtrva.ttou.
The llc:rlian tranll:uion, wMc.h he quotes from Abul
}.i:uaJI, Js ll#ldly e.:eculCd, beiog much too UteraJ, ;md with
out any prctcmioru to nyle; :ao.d the a:nmt leglect of the
roost ordanary grace .and embcH!a:hmcnt has bc(n obterved
i.n the 111.1thor'1 owo rompodtion., in the portions which
are orJglnal.
Tfic nuthoritie1 he <tuottt IU'C: the history o Tabarf,
tJ1e ShaiHIRma, Carshupnama.. Fara.mm.namo,., Bahman
nllmlli. Kush,,Udandan, Abu-1 Munyyi:d JJalkhi, Hamu
lt(nhnnl. :u1< t'iOI)le olbers. He II}'J that he quotes thC$C:
in original, altllough they wHI be routld to agree but little
with one another, in tttde.r t hat hit readers may know :..11
that h!U heeo the subiecu he that
be abridges d1eir 1nd cJiscg;r d' their quotationJ
in \'e:J'&e. ; t1tat i.l ever he quOtCI poetry, It b on lltmunt ..
ol il.8 lm.rifiSic C'.Xllc:nce, or hs- peculiar adapuuion tO
the Jubicct he had to illunrate.
"The. t.r1uwac1io_. of lht kings oC renfa,'' he continues,
o.rt tJle only oun whicb I proeose to at. length.
bawc lblt country fs placed m 1he centre or the uni
vtrec'l, it forrns one quancr of the habitable globr,
bca.usc It is the cradle or the huma.n r:u:e, bemuse it iJ
the reJfdena: o tho kings of tlte rourth climate, beauae
other pottiO\ o( lhe globe, tuch u China, Zlll"'j,
Arabia, Crcecc, 1nd Turld&tan nre to be compared to
liin, nor fl any other toiuHry, whether un, wt.sc, no'rthj
or &outO,.-becau&e, moreover. In reading the hbtO.ry ot
Peni11. any on<! ca.n at the a.ame tillle inrtruct hlnuel( ns
the ".ate, position, pC<Uliadtles and marvclt uf
oiher comJtrics:
Thb work, thtrt!ore, as far it goc:t. may be coruider
ed an introduot.lol\ to t be H.Utory or renia, and that the
author completed tbe lo"'Oli: ca.nnot be doubted,
becaute he connantly a.Uttd.t$ to the dctaU.- wblch he bas
g'h'tn., in 1he olequent part. The cllic.onrry of th,e oo.nl,.,
work would be a matttr of congrat\11alion. It wa.,
at ont dme lhe intendol1 of 'M.'M, Saint Maitin ana].
u urOII.lA-Xt or JIND
5
ui.besllvin,g i1\ peace:, and then cu.lviud lhe Ja.u and Mecb
Ut send a Cew cbitiJ to walt on ki.n&' I'J)uryro.
cllwi>J, oon of Dahrat [DIIrita"""") and beg ol'ltim"to
P.point :a t.i.ng. to lffboce authority tioth uibel mlht mb-
roic.. '"11Lc rc.rult of tJ\iJ WM :uldactory,llnd ILis pmpo.dtlon
wN adovu:d. After 101m ditcUtsion lhcl' agrcC'd to llet
llj)OO aD<I the .,.JIUOr l>afuohan ..,,.ted hla &!Ita
J).ulal wik of kif> Jandnt Uayaclntha). a
powerCul prince, lO ruJe ova the: Jan tand M'cdt. .Dusal
went nnd took dlll'f{t of cho .:ounuy and the patti
culan or wbidt ana o( tbe witdom or tbc prlnee.tt. llre
ckw"W fn the ori(in.al work. But for all 1u greamas.
and richet and. dfinlly. lhcre wu no bnbmaa or wile
n1an In the country. She therefore wrote a Jo:ng letter
to her brother rur who collected !0
mans lrom ill fUndut tan. and tent tham. wh.h all their
dcpe:odtnta. to hU .Uccr, 1'bctt are cl.iJ.
cuuion& a.nd at.Oria &hue br.ahmant iB tbe origiru.t
work.
A long time pllutd before Sind befime flonrbhlng.
Tbe orlalnal _, ,,,.. a Jon& delaiptlon of the country.
iu and wondm. and the lou:r.datJOft of
dties. The city whic:t\ the quec,n made the c:tpital, U
called AtknJand. A small por1ion or the Q)\.lnlty We
1nade over to tJle J:au, and appoin.te<l ono of thetn :a,& their
chid'; ht. tWDe wa. Judn.t. Similar anaqemc:rn.t -.'tre
Wo lll1de I the M.a.. Tbb _..,..,, corulnaed c..-
twonty 1nd toQ:It' years, :attet whlcb'lhc Bhants Jolt
Kation or the muntry.
t '
A()()(KIKT or nrc FALL o. TKI P.u."DAv.u A..\0 flJ:no&'y
or ..... . ._lnju.ttlcc wu the cawc or the. bn of the
dynany O[ the FOl'LUne bad gown i.ndjfrertru
'7Jtb il IN """" .<U.hJ,. .j 11H A"' St

' {"bftt WJlld a l"'. A aod ;, o I IJI> ,_.,, tr .,.,
bttt.ttt,. #VN ta. }
-rrhl.r hWIIW7 U t.tHtll'MI 11:1 ,,., JlgtNI of /(!It of
NlUd lt.tr'1 1H.illa. b K.ori.IIW,. ; IJ.U4f,
Kwiil 0114 tM u.w. Ka,...,w.ll.
-l!dooooll
C9W2rds and they l!'l'l.ded by heoomi))g t)'l'rull.S. Oit.e
day mrr:icd off t he cow of a brahman, and were about
to kill him. when the bralimm warned t.hem, :.nd said,
.. , have rud in boob th:nt tl\e jn06perlty of the
voilJ {Q..tl when they shaU kUJ a brahman Cor the n ke of
a cow-do not till me." They did not hoed but
both ".Od the oow, n,at bnhrrw:t had a son
named Brahmin, a strOng and ull m.1n, who dwelt upon
11. mountain. When "beard a( illis
be aro.st, IWd said to h.imse1(, l will go and take away the
lrom the Cor t.hey have ldlltd a cow
1
(and) n. brnbmnLl : lhe words of aa.p cannot provc
ftJte, so the time of tbe f:tll of their dominion fJ come.
Men la.ughed at him, but a party auembled round him.
He took :. city, and his powt;r- i11eteased d."'y by d"Y until
be bad a army : and he went on capturlnJ ddet
until ac be reached t.be city o IJatna,' "'h1C:b wu
tbP. 01pical. Kuynhur.at out 10 the h.'ll tle. . hl1t
wu sl aiu, IU.ld llrahmin the SO\'a-eignty. Wher
t\'tT he round any one or the race or the "P.and.avu be
alew him. a le\1. f!lcaptd, who their eJC
traction, :U)d ewployed tb.eunches as bulclltn and bakers,
or in similar crafts.. Brahmin acquired the whole o
Hindusta'n. They say, c.Jut a d.aughter or Dol [N.akulal,
.son of Pandu, went l () hittJ, :md save him sudt counJds
ou. induced him to de;ln from $Jaytng the Pa.ndavu. .But
lac put them aU in prl.ton until _;a large number wat ool
,Jt.ed.. when aa a oonditjon ol t heir tltlivmmce* be made
them follow ttrtairl trada, so no one. would give
their c:lnugbtas to them, or take c.b.t.in, or n.s.$1Xiote wilh
them. He proc.la.imed. thit t hrooghout hi.s domlnfonJ..
Tbcit podtion li' :U lowered to such a c!ep'ec, that they
to the occupation o mu.ddanL lt l $ said that the
Hntdu Jute players belong to this (n.uliJy; bm God knowa.
SuNACH.-'11er say that Drahmin feh re-
'(H6Jiilta-t:Jt.)
(I A,. f ntllf' 11U7 JuUDfN'd M. i1t 11i1 tWl
n i &IJI (1/ vttNif tWbiU/JN but i' .w-.t-
1, 't.tm.t 1ff((J$0f'1 IO cltaJfg# 1/11 vhlt jutan lo ti,tCilll, fS }(r fro->
' 1Pitd ilt tAU HU wr.tio .. h II 1#101' aui$-M,
dilumu tMlihl," - ]oor. d(l Sav .. /a' sl.sl.J
,
I
7
rar the slaughter. or .so many pcnons, und T
subtritutt w()J"4bip on the turtmit of n mounWn for lh.c
daughu::r of tuen. One day a brahmlll) muned Fuaf
[K:l$)'apaJ c:am.e to him :111d !dmonlshc:d h.im. Jlrab.mitl
Aid, i1 ., C\'"tn ao : 1 myself repen1, and I will now give
thia kingdom ro thee. Fau.! said, lt is J)(l businf:SS o(
tuinc; but .Drshrnin replied, Do thou receive h rrom,me.
and some one O\'tf iL hy thy own authority, There
was a servant named Sunagh, nnd him 'li'A&.af seated on
the throne. Brahmin tben r<turned to the o[ hiJ
devotion. .Sunagb Jll':tc;clse.d. junice and equity. and l)nr
rt W()rthy colU'sc. Kmained in his
family mHi.l il(t.een kingt had lilt upon the lhrone. Then
they tyrau(..t "3nd the &Ovcrelgncy departed from
tht.m. "this wu tn the rc'i;n o Gutas.C, klng o[ Peni:a.
lt is said in the llftUitC or this D:tbman
Jed !l.n army to 'Hiodut.t.'ln and took :a poTtiOn of it ; =t8
' l(l the other pnu oue (that could) a
Nu orte: of t.lle family (o! Sllnagb) rett ined any power.
n::.hman foundeclll city between cbe conRncs of the 13indw.
aJld che TUrk.&, to which he ,ave tbe name of KandnbiJ,
and in pl1ee-, which chcy c:aJJ ButUnr, h rounded
a chy whid1 he t;11; 1led B:thmanabad. Aeconling to O\e
a((Dunt this II Mnsura : but God kn<woa. At thia time
he: n:luTntd ll> Ptrda, when be received chc: MW!I o! the
death of Cusua.sr, assume:l the crown. "flliJ ctOtant
1 round in this book, buL 1 have not rc.a.d it ellewb.ere.
The motller of Bahman b n.id to have beer' or Turk ex
traetion: but Cod knows.
H.JrtO"-Y ov ov KASHwa AND iJ
said that H;tl was the descend:tnt or Sanjwara, a;orl ol Jan--
drat and of the danghter (I( Klng D:abrat. Ht i nherited
in Hiqdunan the dominion vhic:.h h.-.d bu.n ocwpled by
J::mdrat and Daual a.nd their . He beume. a
vc:ry lmport.-.nt' ptnonage. and bultt a fint CGp.iUIJ :md
&everal dli(t. H.i.$ OO\ll)try "':u remarkable !or the
tiO't' qu<1-lity Of the cloth. t.h\l WQ ltlai'IUfaaure<J &htre.
The or lh.U C.tbric. witbout the stamp I)! Lhf!.
king. wu p:obiPited. w:u U\ oJ
bis foot wJth aaJiron.' -
Vlg"h KaJhrDit. J. 114
8
ti lS'l'OJliAti$ 01! JINO
, 1t happened tlmt wile o! the king of Ka.shmir
bolglu. some of that cloth, and having lllJl.de up u dJ'au
of the -same, $ht. appeared before her hU3b:md, who at the
sight or the suupp got jealous, and w.henca !he
got the doth, :1.. . nd wbat munp wa on Jt, Hu Wtfc n:J)hed
that abc lu:ul bought it from a merduun. The merctuutt
was .sent Cor. and &ht killg made cnquirles Qbout k The
.:nt.rch:mt aaid thnt the statni' on the cfo.tb wu au imp.t'ts
sion of king Hal'a toot.'* On thb lUng of
Kubmir swore he 'vouJd go :and cut of c.he (oot or ki!'(
HaL Hit Wuir otnervc:d.-"that the Jantl o[ tl1e
you wUI ,P.In no victory The king of
Kashmir did not heed t.bia :advice. but marched out with
hit army. When Hat benrd n! th.e klng of K:uhmil i11
be was altrmed: he S(:nl to the brab
ra.aos a.nd tllld l.hA!nl the king of Kashmir's tbrt:u, utd
it behoved them thetefo(e to throw obatJt.Cies in
r:fe brahman offertd up tbdr l)rayen .. and counteUed
hun tu have an elepb.J.nt rondC or d1ty, IJJ\d to have lt
,P.laccd ln front of tlie b.1tdelitld. HJ.l did JO, ancl when
the kln,g: of Kubmir's soldim under their com
mand.errndtiel, .names bunt from lhc d.epb.lu1t nnd burnt
many of them.
The king of Kuhmir was cJten contpeJied co sue for
peace, (11trlte conclw.ion o( whicll.l Hul 5ent. runny presc:nu
to bim. And the ki.:llg of .Kashm r, ln order to fUllll bii
o:ult. cut off che leg of an wndc oi wax. and returned
by the river.u ftC. wa1 advised not to by water
on of its turbultor.e. Jn ClOtapHan wttb this
' :I.(Mco he travelled along llle bank (6o1hilj until he rtlched
sllge AOPlt: par:u.ang. dbtant from the rotultry 1> T{::uW
'Tilit lt t.JJ.c ldw.r lqtrod tll.lt ttl J.(I'Av.hto llr Raja
(1/. Jl) ; ofll t1l1 /Q(I} p./4'1 Oft f!VI '
(11/ltr' l!tofi<i,. ,,t,.in Jll.
/. J,1. RtirrclltfJ Mun.. 4i. Ind. U. ISJ
TtXIJ /1, i';/f
1
Sow.loN oi Mtbomd, 61.
'lfn'ril U ulsit4 Ol(llJrNifm (Jtl.pfit It>
k M14 "uo." It Ha11 bclr.ll lllftd i/t.r l.llu t.iftll' '" ""1-
f'Qrttrl 6;v u-"" I lb U'Ord u.taU. t4oNt, : (I ll dilktf!t J, ,._.,.
u iw tNt iA11 {JMIIttW .. H omJ it I r'tlflot tQ K4tlu1lir b7
tto.-1
MUJMI'oi.U'J' TAWAIUXH
9
mir, when t he- \#llC'.S subsldcd." Jn thl\l lllace he built
many hou&et and Tht :a in fhnd.i is cnlled
S1vandartS (Snmudra). Heoct ti:4'H r.tace wu caJled
S2vandi, and it cx.i.s.l.$ to thi.J. d1y. He lllsO built temples
2ond SUJ)erb dde1 in many plac:e:. At length. intelligence
of an enemy tame to bJm from K.n"bmir, he. then rcwrncll
to hia <X>untry. aud Stl)l)ressed hb (OCf. 1.''he G-overnment
rcmai11C:d (or l JC:ftAth or time iR lhe h:mdl or his desct1l
dtutU, n'd aU the H'lndua WC'J"( obedient to them. In the
c.ounll')' of Sind there were: thrte ).ings, until at length the
territory of the fUndus came undu the authorhy of
Ko.and. "fter he had by hU \-a.lour them. A
brnhman bad ble$$ed him and aald tbnt the wholf! tOvc-
rtignty should d.e\ohc upon Me\.
OJ; J(u.:c. KaJnnd not Jl
Hindu, but through his kindly 11nd equity ail
obedient to him. 'H.!! m:tcle line apeechet a.nd
prai.s<:d Lbt Rindw and the:lr 0Unt:ry. lie r:tised their
hopet by hb \irtues, tu\d teali&ed the:m. by his decd1. He
WU.\ u with .. the Ctee.k. H h ad
vUions, of which he asked tbc in.tcrprclntion froll\ a
brahman, he 1ouglu (rom Alex.:.nder. to whom
5CJJ.L hi$ daughter, a s):Jiful phyicl:u-. 11 philosopher1
and a. glass va..se." ln lhec he b called the
Hindu. Tbit will ubo 'be relnttd in the Hre of
Alt:.xa.ndel". When cho information o( the b111.hman rt:tched
the Hindus." K1tC.nd sent a perr.on to Samid. his brother,
dlecdng him to go to M:tmura with lhe bs:ilimln, and
u (Sir H, intr4llhlttd tll'gAt "'
u,f f/ lhil t#llkla Jl'1"Jrr:flf"'bl ttt IAI #ttlttd &1
R,jxmJ, a11d AM 6wlf t. tlu iroNflih'DL Tlai
mrd1 tl" '"bar sah!l bi)'llmlld batmrWll ab lwnttt plhi e'hand
'fa.rnnK a-,; al'l wa. tl'rtllkl kuhmft W1 j aipb halllf\1'- kud WI.
dibb.'\... rtl7dt "blr m&ruiJI Srih ab k:unlar psht.")
(TN Q"tul'' to tu "" ol/tuit ,s,.,umdlfT mmM.Ii..i
;.. tM 'Afi'Jllm-1 Mnlii!IMaJ, fnl. 1P1J .... fStt Silcdllri tflll
CAMIII:Itlllr4,}
"ISu ilt Jour. R.A.S.. J$6J.l
11
Ot.,inere'l f'r.lmda:W. oj buhd for bllc1 'l Ust#lioi,J
.. Su MIJI'tfdi.J
"Chtm Kbiblt brabuwt n.sw>, S/4owld o- b,U,
"" H ,.,a4 Boll..,.? .. wm ltf (tA of)
BcJunti.Jt r'IOdttd th'l mlfthl,., '
10
ecpel Mah.ra ... the PeuiaJl rrom thoce placet: whicb Bah-
man conquered. and to crcc.t idol templea in pla.ct of
$amid called (to hit. auistomcc) fbJ, 'king
of Hinauua.n. and t.hey :.gainn Mahra the Pcr-
a.bn, and warred with him untU he into the city. For
d1ree )'tl)r$ Mahra rtmainc:d in tbe orcress. but when no
pr01pcC:t O IUC'Ce!>S WU }e{t be l)l'duccl a tunnel tO be dug.
and lhe.r. carried tbb {'ubterrancous CO :a place
o\Jiod )( i )'1lwa. He c.htn ordered to 6c fixed in tbe
ground ou tlJe top o( lht: .. and and belrncu to
be: pla.ctd upon them, 10 that Lhey looked Hkc
1
He then rt.ttrcd with c.be whole of his force through lhc
tunod, lltJd marched to\V'tll'dt 1.ht! Tmla, whose king gave
b.im refuge. Arter wmc days O'OW$ perched up0u the ,;;:
ll.hneta, and the a.olditn or Samid perceiving thiJ the truth
1"' made k.oown. The then opt:ned, and the
people o( the eit y dcscrHx:d lbe dcpar(ure f)f 'Mabr11 tht:
hr$ism. So attt the. bpsc or some yean Samid rcltlrncd
victorious to hit own country. Alexandu came to lndlt
thb traruaetion.
Alter Kafa,,d hud depcant.d hts son AYJ-nd ascended
the throne. and be: dividetl the oountry of Sind into lour
Ono king he culblbhcd at Upon
anotbc:r he beU.owed country o! Zor to whkh Anj
lUcb ?) b am.chcd. Three other of the kinlt
11om o Sanid (S.amfd l he bestowed
Fourthly, be contig1l.ed' the countries o Hindu1lao.
Nada.ma. and. Loha.na sepa.rately upon another. This 1\a
a!tu the dmf! or Hal.u When che U.lc or Ayflnd re:u:l1od
itt limit, bis- son RaW king. He reigned or 10me
" (Auordr'IM' t<) 1M SlwhN""' 1M """"' ol 1Ju brMti111K,
il'otn-lmtt4 Kftil1 drto"' uw ..
" f" m11Uri ra bo.ukllaud.-uull bini tbln&d." I h.ut."CC /ollw:td
RtiM.:Htd ;,. rMJr,g "'A,t(J/olv/IVO/' r.Ar .,., , !l""ftJfl1 M
uJIW "' ... cr .. NUl llw tm.nilf<!llOII usa
lt<1t ,.,, btm Wtutit. Jfo1 or rltl lt rnlll, <t Ht
ntGbUJittd .,..- kl"tl A.rir.alo",. and Sah ?
1
' or rHOY fk'l """"' lllf
lad U!Ord hgfli/1 .. and (tk,a.ordtlldt.r),J
(Till' wllnk 41/ lhil fO./SOI)t it TM '"cadi
J&rwi l\yat." ti'/lle/1. lt lll'l't nfltlotrl "11ttv1 otlwf tOJUt,frlf"J," lJ
JnrJ 111 """' ltoil;tlffi' b1 RriMrr.i,J
[S11 IIJt ad.ni/I'IO/ tltt of $Ukl Wo Jo,. kr'glla"" 4S t
i1t '"' p,t nf tb-
ll
tim!!, until one rost up ;agairut him and txpcUtd him lron\
the (tJat l)) went &nUIJlw:nd.t, and
bliabed 'nimtell there. lie bad two iOnS, one na.ml Raw
Wlll, l.'lnd the you.ngtr BarbrnarLI.
HJSroltY or 'R,I.wwAr. ANn BARKAMAJus--When :&wl
died h.il eldest son R.awwal assumed the $0\'trt:igot-y. lt
hilJlpelled that :t Ctttain king had I daughter Of great bltd
Ugtnoe. Wik lc:nnt.d men had declared tlat the man
who shouJd malTy lh.i.s glrl shot1d become ki na of tbe (Ol.lt
diu1es;.P AU tho kinga a.nd princes ol the Hmdus sought
he.r. but no Ol)e I)Jcased h.cr cxc<:pl Darbmarll, who wu
\'ery hn.nd50mc. When brtrught het home his
brothl!l' u id. U allC rleucd )'OU SO does she plea-Se me.
Then he cook the gir with her b.andrnaid&.. .Duka.maril
n.fd co himself '''l"hc dnmsel me lor my wi!dom and
tl,tue i& nothing better than wisdom." So he pve hlm$t:l(
u.p to nudyJ wi th the learned :rnd lhe brah
mam, till he ra.c:hed t\ICh t:lerft'(tior) Lhat he had no equ11.
W11en lhc: rebel who bad expelled their at11er
l1ead the story o the da.nucl. he said can they wbo do
such llt.illgll O""py $ucll 01 pmdlion 1" So led tn army
and put RawwJII to flight. Ruwwal with bi$ brothers and
noblts all went to the tOJ) of a mountajn where a. $U'OUJ
fortress bad betri builL T hen they aet gu:arda on the tum
m.lt tnd. felt secure. But IDe euemy &Ql posseu.ion or the.
,nouncain by nratagcm. and besieged tfu:: ton, and ne:..r
ufxu:. tak.ing it. R wwal tlum aen.t to sue: (or and
h a enemy safd-''Send me lhc girJ, ood Itt
your chieU ) girl. I will gi-ve these s\rh .tO
offictrsv-t..heo T will wir.bdraw.'' lbwwal wat del'tca..
b'ut he had a wazlr, blind o( both t)'t$, named Sa "1r
1
o[
whom bt enquired what was to be docc. Efc advhed hiru
to ghe U}) tfie -\\'On).Cn and aavt hil U!e. lie m!ght t!,lp;t
tU.c measur es agalu$t hlt eo.eoty, i1 He losi h.i4 Ule
what be the RQOd. or chUdrm and wife, nnd ..
They l't.$01Yed thi1 eoune, but Just at thb
Bark.uouris came lr,, a\Hl olter :m:a.king his aalutat
'1. and the Jdog are 'of the -a !.her ; ii he
me waih his 'optruoo, lt may that 1 DUlY
.sble to suntst solnehini.-do nOt , take my )'Ou.tli. Info
(-7".V fow qvorlm u/ llw $l<Orld,}
12 111$'MillAMI Or SU)
coruldtnd011. So h<y illlornled him of the C.cu. He
then aaid, tt teemt poper that 1 t.botald nake my life Cor
the king: let an or<fcr bt givtn lor me to d.rcned like
a wom..an, And .let All the Oflicer drw their 601U in Hkc
mannu- as cbm.ldl. nd kt. w each o>ntell knife in our
hair and C'lny a aumpet bo concnled. thtn. IC:nd u.s co
the ktng. Wl1et1 ""*! ne brou(IH btCorc the kinJc lhcy wut
tdl Wm Wt I am the d.a.nuc:l, he wiU keep me ror hunstll
<tnd p.: the ocben co bb ofticcn. Wbtn the t.trw retires
whh me 1 will r1p up bU belly whh tbt' t.nire ana JOUDd
lhe crumpet. Wfien t l\c other youth hear &hit they will
t now ltlu l ha\le done my work. aml t.bey mun a!Jo do
r.btin. AU the ofticm of the arnly will dwJ be tla.ln. You
mute bt and 1'tiKn you hear the uumpet, you
mutt aally forth with your mldlc:n and we will cxtc:nninate
the !oe... ll,llww.tl wu ddi&httd and did IU w:.' proposed.
11 not one ol lht entm'/t honcmen etcaptd. aJI
WC'I'e .t.Un and a.st down &om the mounu.ita.. l.aW'YI'<l)."a
powu
( TA.e WA&ir excitQ tht I'&U'Jiirforu 4pbut B,r
Umaril, who feigrv m.Gdnm.J
One day In the bOt se:uon. Bukamaris waJ
b&rdoot ahOut the dry. and aunt to c.bc pk' ()( 0\c
pa1!1. Mmlnr .no hinch.a be entcrtd. and Cound U
brother nnd the da.nucl aiuing' on a throne &udtlng
cane. Whtn Rawwa.l aaw hlm he oblervcd t hat tJ1e.ra coWd
be: DO poncn ._, the P.tt. oc.berwite the pooc mtndicant
would ne-m- bne -&m in. pJty on him. he
hlm bit o wg-ar cane. Tf1t tnendiant took i r, and pl<tcd
Yp plece of the &heU o[ the cane to taapc and cltan it
w11b. When the 1c.inJ w Wt he wa.ntM to don W cant,
bt: told the d&nuel tO Jive hi1n a tnik'. She rO&e and
"t he knife to BarkamarlJ, who dee11td che cone with
it, :.nd craftily wa1d1td until the ki111 Wa& olf hll guM'd.
Then he bi.m. and pi1J.n11.1'1( the knJrt intO
bil ri blm up. ACttt t.h.u M teiztd hd !ttt
and dt . Im Cr<1m the throne. He next called tbe
'wltir n Lhe peop.le, and seatc4 himJClf tt.el the throhc
=ld the pbudJu ollhe people. H bum< tbe body ol tbe
1
;
MUJWA.LU-T TAWMlll.U
king, lOOk bOlck tbe d.amscl and inarried htr, and reuortd
order.
Then he called the wWr and said .. 1 Jtnow that it was
you who '"Y brother in his dealing with me.
bur. this wtl no fault nor js it bl:ll'lte;tble. h \\' :U God's will
tllnt f ahould be Ung. so continue to sovern the k.ingdom
u you did !or my Safar replkd. "You h&\'C:
spoken the trUth, aU that 1 c.Jjd tor i.he good and ad
Vilnta.gc of your brother, not out of enmity co you. Rul T
Jtavc uow rt$0lved upon bumlng mysell. and onnot do,..,
you dcslrc. 1 wM with yo\&t brother in life, lnd I will
be wilh him in dealh." Bark.amaris told hJm th:n be
wanted ltittl to wrjte a book on the dutiCJ o k.ing:s, on
government 1md justice. Sa2r consented, and wrote the
boolc, which j, called "tJMbul "(nstrutlion o!
Ki ng1.'' l bQ\'C u t:ranscribed it in ebb for l ha\e
written :an 1tbn:raat l)f it. When it was finished he took.
it to nark:un.aris and read h. and uU 1.he nohlc:s admired
and pr:ti&ed :it. Th.en he burnt him-telL 'l11e power o(
Dar-kamnril and J:Ua ki.ngdom aprtad. until :u i"!'1gth aU
fndia. rubmlt:d to him. Sud1 wot'J Datkamaris. 1 h!'ve
related 1ill 1he facu juJt as I found them.
WJ1.1'RUL DU'LDA'N
or
AHMAD JllN YAHYA JllN JNBIR
Al. Bll.A'OURl'
Tt:us \\Otk li in the Le)'clcn Un:i\'et.dty Library, and
tw been tltttribed b) Hamaker. IU pp. ? and 2!9 of bb

Codd. MSS. Oricrwrlium: An a:bstn.ct

of it i& ghcn in an appendiK contained tn cbe third volume
or Dr. Gusu.'<e' WcU 1 Guchicltte tiM (;},QU/tn, aud tbe.
e.ndrc chapter <m the conqueJt of Simi. Jut$ been edited by
M. Re:inaud in tbe JournaJ Aai:adquc ror Jo'ebruary 1846,
rcprin11 with a.dd.Jnonal uotes in his valuable
.dmbt"l ct 'r11diu rclotlft o l' I1tdtt. [Titert il also
a copr in lhc ..Brili$h AfUJCUm. Tile comJ1cte text haJ
lotely admtra:bly pri.uced at Leyden
1
under the editor-
bip o[ M. de Coej<.l
The a.uthor U Allm3d hln Yahya. bir' Jnbir, .JUrname.d
ll.lso Abu Ja'br tnd Abu-1 B:uan, but more unmUy k.nnwn
as Biladuri, who lived cowa.r<l tl1.e nliddl.e of the nintlt
century of cr:t, .u the court o! the Khali AI Muta.wal.:
bl, where he was 113 instructOr co one of the
printe$ uf hia .\Mlly. 11e dlcd A.u. 279, A.o. 8923. This
it to Reinaud'a naument-l
1
l!JC1.1aJ de Gayangoa
while be ves We wnc year of hit deJth. on the nutho-
rity of A ul Mah:uln. says be lived :.t Baghdad In Ute
KhaJi.fat of AIMu'Umad. He Jdt a QJ wt.ll aa a
tmill edition of the 1'uu.bul nulda.n.
Thia \\'ork contairu :u ita an acoounc
of the ftnt o( the Arabs in Syria, Mewpotamia,
levrx, Persia, Arme11ia, Tnruoxian:t., Africa, Spain and
Si'i'ic!. tt is one o lhe eadien Arabic chronide&: Cor
Ta.bari, 1hough he wrote It Btghdad. 1md tlid Mt com
p<?Se hb work lilt 4f1erwaffl.s. w<1a evidently not acquainted
wlth thtl author. sio.ce he omil$ tnuch tllal nnadurl bas
met11loned. Tt bring.& down the hbtory or eveUli (0 the
cloJe o! the rcign ofAfu'tlUim, .ut. 22'1, A.o. 842. Wakidi
1
I
I!
wbo U quoiN 1>y Dlla.duri. a.bo wrote a book of eoo.
quttta. .. .1.nd amo.np them a ''Conqueo 0( Sincl, whkb
Of'. rDC'ntioru Wt be h.u 6n quoted by Nuwairi
a foOo 10' ol <M l&e "'''T ol 1.cJ<1Cn. Cop;., o( bb
otbu Falluh '-err com.moa : &nd pUarci u.ndc:r bU
llatM whid .-.s JlC"'cr wriuen by him, u In lhc tnsunce
of the wort. cnuulatt<l by Odkj: but hb Sind
11 rare. N'uwatri m.entiom abo another author of Indian
hi.J1ory, (oHo 79,-AJ Uuuln bin Yauid u1 Sinfi. We
find abo Other author& on Slndia.n lnvaaJOnA quoted .,
at the f!nrly 11eriod of the ArabiM couqueats.
JHJadurl dOCJ UOl hlm.setr I&!JlK:Ilt t.o bava vltlcd Si1ld,
but quote. 1he on whom h., relied Cor inforr01ulon.
'l"'n we hav( mendon of Abul H:t$SAH 'AU bin Muham
mad. Al Madafnl, with whwn be h.cl verbal corbmuni
catJon, Thit 'thor, who died A.K. MO (1416 A.P.), 11 tbc:
ad-.u,ced Itt' of nlactl"'th.nt. a:ln!J)Ok(( amonp other
wort.. AI wau Siyar. \Vtn and Marth-,"
which a dctaikd account c.C the e...peditions of
the M u:wlmaru fn Kharuaa and on lhc r ftd\i, N.a.nsur
bin FbtJm l& aJ..o mmaiotlied "' an author em Slndla.a
with whocn. u wcll u wich AJ M'adalnt. Dil.-dur-i
had herd pcnonal imcrcouNe. Anotht:r" quoted by
Blladurf fo lbnul kafbi.
Bc1tdcs the Pulullu.J buld4n
1
our" nmhor wrote another
work on CCnoa:raphy, with tlocriJxlon ot tbe tnb.lbhtd
earth entlde\1 1<1/crbu-1 buldan
1
the nook or
whfeb h In the Llbr.tuy or the Brlli$h (Bibl.
Rid. No. 'HOO). He abo wrote a worlc. on the- gtne.alqgr
of the 1\n.bian tribes. the title of whtch b not kno-wn. a.nd
he aanlated Kva1 works (rom .. the Pmlan. He alto bu
lhe crtdit ol bti"& o poec He il c!1od
by I bn HoubL Af.1-Ju udl, &Dd other ..Wtnl-phm,
bul hil hb""Y io ruely quoctd. Kuclama, wllo at
IOWW !he: end ol 1M nbnb Wlwry, 1..,.
aau1 !tom J md Ibn Alit abo quota i1 undrr !he
89 and 96 u.
He wJ.J a.Uccl BUaduri or BUuurl, &om hb addicdon
to the we ot an inc:oxtcating decrunt made rrom cb.
.&lazur. or Malll.cca tx:.Ji, which. from I tt m
16
Hts'TOltL\KI Of $11'\P
Jbape and colour to :. heart. is lii.Ued rThe
n:unc il written with either dal or 1.41 Gje
IWJlC M ''&laW.Ori." The tutbor. however,
is better known .u Dibduri or .Bdadori, Md form h.u
there!ore bet1t rtUined. The Leyden MS . like (lt;her old
MSS., the ml to the d4l
1
cYcn when the latter is
it gi\U .Rrllhmanabat. Co.r Du.hmt
n!Wad. aml for Rudbar.'}
Eorrucrs
Oonq1t(SIJ of s;,a
"Ali, Jon -o Muhammad, o( 'Abdu-llah, 10n oC Abu
Sn.il, bu reJ:ued that the Kha.Hf ' Umar, tOn of Al 'K.llattab
tppointed 'Usm:tn, 601\ of Abu-1 'A.ti of Lhe tribe of S1ldC
to lWuain and 'UO'Ian in chc year 16 J-r, (6!6 A.D.). 'Uama:n
sent .brother Hala.m to Bahrain, and h e:. himself went
tO 'tJma:n, and desp:uched all army co Ta.na. When the
army returned be wrote to the Klua)i( 'Uro.ar t.o inform
hiw of ir.
1
Umu wrote io re.P.ly-"0 brothc: ot Sa.ki.
thou h<Ull)lo.ce'd wol'ul in the but I &Weu b)
God, lb'at .if ou:r men hnd bc-cJ1 killed 1 would IHwe
(&1ain) an,. number lrotn )'OU:r c:ribe." Hak.a:m do-
p-.ttched a for'te' lO [Broach]; he also lent IO ihe
bay of Debal his brother who met ncl
the:ehtmy.
W}1,eo 'Uswa.(t, 4qn o( 'Akka.n heame. lC.hal.if, ho
llppoinlC:d ;Abdullah ton of 'Ama.r, wn of

(tho
go"
1
UDIMlH an$1, wrote to hi,n an to acod
,t-era.ol) t.o 1tfu! of Hind _,n order: co . acquire
.R. Dlttt, Anlfctti Medfca, /. 101. Wtil, Ga:
II{ J,J_, ,.,. ]O!.lmal4et
'ff'"'"' 41(11 . Aaiad..., fl' S<l<, llo/. 1(111.
C.Woet. 't' Ji'li IJP. A.
II 1&. BtbiiOI'l'llJihllt'XII, No
1
-lJ'},
ef PttA.ttfJ Jtt..n.;;;, .uit
J ("ft{ 161 Abr:Millllda:. lll $7 8i9cnpbical Did.. L. _, l/._\ &.,
'"Ahfl! III.J/dl.di!OI'i,.... !n.coc Dqcnpdo
I 6J, t '
-J. . JtCJ'l;f,.' fl M.tlrr' ;;..; wur )I
rJttl!fY, _:.J3.orlilnl ')_, Dubcux
Ul.,,.A , r
17
knowledge and bring b:u:k information. He nordingly
de!)Utetl Haki.m, liOu o( JnUalla 3l 'Abdf. When this man
returned be WitS 5ent on to the Kh;alif, who questioned
him about the lUte of those tegi(Ut$, lie l<tplied thu be
lc.m.:w t.hcm bec:auu: he )Jad <:XIlllined them. The Kh.tli(
then tnld him to dcscribe them. He &.3i.d ' ' Wnter ill acarc:e.
the Cndt1 mrc poor, .:md the robbm an: bold: If rev,.
t roops :trc sent there will be: thtln, [ many, they
will ltar\c.'' 'U&man afted him whether btl spoke
:tccttrntely or hyper!JoHcaUy [Lit. in rbymel. He '"'id that.
he spoke according to bit knowl edgn. 1'hc 'klut.lif abnalned
lrom acndlng :LUy there.
At the cml of t te )'n.r 36, or the beginning of de
ye.v 39 n. (659 A.D.} in tltc Khatitat o( 'Alj aon oi Abu
S.:.lib, 'fJ.a.r:ts tile $01'1; or 'Abdi went witb tbe aane-
tion of tbe l<.hnli to the a:tme frontier, ;u a volunteet.
Be was victorious. got plundu, made c:\fHives, :ultl clistri
btttd i1l o ne day a thousil.tld hctds. l{e and those wM
were wil11 him. saving a. lew, were Jlaln In land ot
Klbn fn lho [e:t.r u . (GG2 A.o.). Kik''" i i11 Slnd nCU'
the ront.ic"" o lUtul'l!san.
Jn the 11 n. {fl61. .... u.), and jn t:hc dt)1 o the
Xha.lif Mu'awiya Muhalb.b son of Abu S3rn m3.dc. war
upon tho same frontier, and adva.n(.Cd !ar as D\Ulnn Ju-..1
Aluhwar,' whidt lie between Multun and Kabul. The
enemy him :md kiJicd hi.m :lnd hb rouowen. l n
the land of Kilc:m, Mu.ballnb e.noountcl'C.d c.ig-hteen Tbrk.i
l1orscmcn, ridlng crop-taiiOO hones. They fought well
but were all tlaln. Mulullab t-row_ruuCh more
active t11an we th(W!: barb:lri:m we;re." So he docked the
tails or his ho,.ses, and wu the Jint among the MuJulmaru
who did so.
ln the rt:ign of Mu'aw;r-t. 'oil of Abt Sufain. tbe
Am.lr 'Abdu.llab. son of 'Amr, or acoordlng to tome.
"fu"n.wiya 'Abdu.ll:ah, 110n Of Su::n; Q.1 'Abdi,
to tlte Lrontlcr oE Hind. He tou.ght in KUtan und c:aptl\Tcd
booty. Then ho came to Mu'aw,ya and prtJenccd to Mm
foOtne Ki.k:o horae'- He ' ' aytd "ear lbe KhnHr u.me thne
18
1nd then returntd to Kik.an. whfm the T urb: Called their
rorcet tOt"llter .,ld dew b.lm.

. In .the tt(R:n o the umc Mu'awiyn, tllc Chid Ziy.td.,.
wn I)( Abu Sul12n, appointed Sln.an, On of Sahuni'J., $0fl o
&1 Muh.abbik tl1e Huu.IU (to the oommand). He wu a
good and godly ma.n. and was the lim who m11d.e his troopa
t11.ke 0\ll Nlb. Of divorce. fTc proc.eed.td tO dsc frontier and
having aubdued Mllknn and its cities by Coree. he
there and estab.li$htd hil power in ll1c oountry. Accord
i ng to Ibn al Xal bi. it W'IIJ llaki.m bin j 1bala aJ 'Abdi who
Makran.
Ziyad then Appointed R.aab.id .JOn of 'Uanrul Judaidl of
tbt: tribe or Ax.d. tO the ( I'Onlier. He proetedc::d to M'a\.rnn
aml w:111 \ictoriCt\1.1 in warring Klbn, but he was
t.bin fur:hting agnirut the MtdJ. Simm, .son o Salama, then
tO tfic CXHOP'l:ut d and wu confinncd t htttiJl by
Zl)'ml. He rem1Jne<l there two )flU,
'Abbild, a(u"l of then. made war an Lhe fronder
or Hind by way o( Stjl.ltan. He went to Sa:n:uur, from
whence he praeded by or Kh:u to ltuzbar in SijiitRO
01P bfl n.b of tbe Hindm.nd. Then he descended to
Kith. and c:rossi'& the dut,r t to He
fought the inbabhtmt:J. JVttt.ed them, put them to flight
11.nd subdued lho counU"y : bm m;my Musulinaau
'Abb:td obsc:rvtd hi.nh caps of We people ol tll:at country,
and had 10me made lie tbem. whi:ch be called. 'Abbadiyo, .
..Z'yad ntxt appointed. Al f,On of Al Jaru.d a.l
'Abtli1 co the (rontie:ra of lndil. He wa1 l nown bt the
name or Abul A\ll'11J, He nu:acked and oonquered Nukw'l t
nnd Kil,an. 'The Musulmtan$ grtat plunder. and
llltil" force& pread ow:r All lhe count ry. He r.nptured
npd. f,IX:Ik J'Ti$0ners tbtrt. Slntn bad p:evf(nl.$ly
c.akert 1\o ru inbabi.tam JtHl bHn guilty or He
diod,<be.-. (in Kuzdlr),
g<i'i
1
t rnor ' Ubaidullah, ton of liyad, Ulc:u appt?inl
cd J:;b:ty(..af God, by hi& hand&
1
n1bbued 1hcte
countt,ies
1
.,Jot he wag( fierce war in 1hem a.nd conquaed
'IRIId.W r. tie . I .. KU!td.lw" ;,1 ll:rl.]
ongr.l ,., IIJ"jly "'NIJC!tn".]
FUTUHU-L BUUIA'N
19
and plundered them. Some writers say that it was Sinan,
son of Salama, who was appointed to the (chief) command
by 'Ubaidu-llah and that Harri led the forces.
The people of Nukan arc now Muhammadans.
'Arnran, son of Musa, son of Yahya, son of Khalid the
Barmakide, built a city there in the Khalifat o! M'utasim
bi-llah which he called At-Baiza (the white). When al
Hajjaj, son of Yusuf, son of nl Hakim, son of Abu 'Akail
al Sakili, was governor o( lrak, Sa'id, son of Ash1m, son o(
Zura'a al Knlab i was allpointed to Makran and its frontiers.
He was opposed and s ain there lly Mu'awiya nnd Muham-
mad, of. al ITnras ul 'A tali.
then nppointed Mujja, son of S'ir al Tamimi to the
fronucr. He mn<le war upon, plundered and defeated the
tribes about Kanda-bil, and this conquest was subsequently
completed by Muhammad, son of af Kasirn. Mujja' died
in Makran after being there a year.
After the death of Mujja, Hajjaj a,r.pointed in his
place Muhammad, son of Harun, son of Zara' al Namari.
Under the government of Muhammad, the king of the
Isle of Rubies r sent as a present to Hajjaj, certain
madan girls who had been born itl his country, the orphan
daughters of merchants who had clicd there. The King
hoped by this measure to ingratiate himself with Hajjaj ;
but the ship in which he had embarked these girls was
attacked and taken hy some barks (bawariJ) belonging to
the Meds of Dcbal. One of the women of the tribe of
Yarbu' exclaimed, "Oh Hajjaj I" When t his news reach
ed Hajjaj, he replied, "I am here." o He then sent an
ambassador to Dahir to demand their release, but Dabir
replied, "They are pirates who have captured these women,
and over them I have no authority." Tben Hajjaj sent
'Ubaidu-llah., son or Nabhan, against Debal. 'Ubatdu-llah
'[Ceylon.)
'.kir Mtu111n dif!trs frono tltt Futubu-1 buldan tmd tilt Chach
na:na and Firishla. 1it S4ys tho/ the Khalil 'Abu.-/ tnalik Sttll some
;eop/t Ia buy female slows ond other things of Hind11stan, 011d Wt
011 the rood by ""'" Syriot< merchants. Hoving compllltd
tMir Jturchosu, they wtrt prcporing lo return by the sro rolltt, whr:n
t[le)l tutrt assoiltd by robbers at Dcbol, plrmdtrtd, and slai11, will
lht u:uptio" of 11 fttu tulia tstll/ltd to tell 1/lt Kholij oj the oulrllgt.
-Tarikh-i Sindh, p, 5. .
bdng kated, Hajjaj wrote to Bndail, of
crjbe of .J3,
11
j-ali, who wij at 'Umm. d1recung h11H 1.0 pnr
ct:td to Deb:ll. When he arrived there bll horse took
fri(tht (and threw him). and che Memy surroundtd him
and !titled IUm. Some authors say he wa kill!!tl by the
Jata o BudhL
Tbe Isle of Rubies iJ 50 deriOnl in.aU!d because or the
of the women.
AhuwarW, Hajjai, during the KhJiabt or Wa11d. son
of' Abdul ma.lik, appomtcd tofuhamn\."lfl, &on of scm
of M>n of J:bkim, ton of Abu 'Ukuil to COin
m.tnd oo the. Muhammad w;u in F:u1.
when the order arrhcd. and had wevioudy l'ect.lvod ins-
!ruc:tiom lO&tl co R.af.tt Abtll Atwad orz.nbrul
ju'JJ, wu at the head of r.hn nd\':tncccf and he w.:.a
Ordcrtd co return to Mulutmmlld, and he j(lined him on the
borden of Stnd. J.Iaj jaj ordered lix thou,and Syrian
warrior 10 Muhammad, othen betides. J.Je
"'U provided with all he oould wllhout ornht.ing
e\'M thread and ncedlea. He b2.d lea\'C to remain at
Shir.a' unlit :til tht. mr.n who were to accompany htm had


.nd all the prepanttions bod been duly t.llflde.
Ha.jjaj had some dresicd cotton saturated with strong
\i.negar, nnd thl!'n dried it in the ah.ade, a.nd uid, "When
)'OU arrhe in Sind. i.f )'Ou 6nd the vinegar IO:lk the
cottOn in water, at1d with the water )'OU can cook your
food and sc:uon your dtd:les .u you wJ&h." Some nuthon.
$111, thnt wltcn Muhttmrnad a.rrtved on the frOf'ltlen. he
wrote to complain ot the scardtJ or and this was
rcuon which induced H:tjja to.send cotton r.o:ak:od in

Then Mub!mmad. ton of Kuhn we.nt to M2.knn, .11.nd
remdned there JO\'nt time. H'e went to KannubUr
and toOk it, ancl then to whlc:ll he alJO toolc,
sou of HIU"Un, ton of Za.ra.'. went to meccr him.
anfl ]o\rlcd hin,. but he died near Arman at Xa1im'a dde
and was bitdM at ltamb:U.U
Crmquut oj .Dcbal
on oi l{:l.sim, left Annall. accompa.nlcd by
rs,.,A D/ C11Jfi4Jt 4'"1 urKombaH(f)
1
qc:lfl&of.1
P'IJTUHUL ftUL(lA'N
21
the $011 or Zllhrtt.l ju'6 :and arrived at Dcbo.l on
lrriday, where 'hJpa brought to f,im a of rm:n. annJ,
warlike m._cllines. He dug an c:ntKncb.ment which he
(le!tndcd with S!X'al'mcn, and unrurled his 11t.:mdfudr: eucb
body of wa.l'rlon wa' arrnytd under its own banQcr and
he Axed lite milltj;-.).fk. wbid1 wu called ''c.be and
required five hundred men to work iL There wu llt Debal
11. lo(ty temple (budd) rt)Olnltl"<l by a lung pole, and on
the tXJI<: w:15 JixCd :. red fla.g. which when lfie brcoc blew
wu t mCurled Q\'tT the city, T!1c: budd U n. hia;h steeple.
below which the idol or JdolJ art: m Lhi.s tru-
tiJtl. n,e fndlam in ge.neml the nllmc: of budd to
a_nychlng C:Ofnlecced w1th thtlr wonhip or whld\ the
obJect o[ tltcJr veneration. So, an tcfol it cnlled budd.
Tn the corecpondendl! which Mubammad
Informed Kajjaj or wlUil he l1ad done. and aolfdu:d tdvic.c
respccdnK the: future. Lcuera were written cve.y three
dlf' One day a reply w-as r:elved to this eifect :-''Fix
the manj1Wik Q.nd shOrten in foot. and pla.c:e It on the ea.st;
)'OU wUf then. call tho m:tnjanJkm.nate.r, nnd lelt bjtn to
ajm at the OA.g11afr, o[ which y11u have gi\en a dnaiption."
So he brouglit down the Jl:tg.,tJ..(f, and it w:u broken ; :.t
whkh the inficlels wtrt: wrc amicted. T he
o.dwncl!'cl 10 the 4mbotl, but were put to Rirht: bdder
"e:e then brougbt und the Musulmana es.calaJcd the wall.
T he lint who gained the jUtn!Uil was a ma, o[ J(d{u, of
the tribe of Murad. The town wu thut ta.ken by
al\d the endured for three days. TN! 8t?'>ernor
of the town, llppointed by Oahlr, Ocd, and the pries:U of
lhe temple were mwacrcd. Muhammad marked out a
place tor the Mu.sulma.ru to dwell in, built a rmd
lerc rottr thou.and Muwlntlli'IJ to g;arrisun du: place-.
!\ofuhammad. aon or Yilhya., says Wat Mansur, the SOil
or 'H:atJm# lhe gr'01111marian, :1 !reemnn o( the r;:uuil)' Cl(
Kha.Jid, ton o ( Anaid, reJaccs that he hlld teCn lh.c poJe
broktn Into tngmenu which had been placed on the aU!eple
ot the temple. toll o Iab.o-1 Al Z;lbbi, tbe 8(1\'trnor
of Sind. in the K.baJfJa.t of Muta.Jim billah, knocked down
the upper par t o! the minaret of the wnple and eomerted
it into a prison. At the Jtuue time be b(ogan to rt'pa.ir the
tuJned town wic.h the nonet of the minaret: but before
UUTO!ll.o\NS OF $!NO
be bad h!J Ja.boun:_ ht WM deprived O[ hi.'J CJOo
ployment. and Wll.llUcoceded by Ha.run, son of Abl Khalid
al Muuru.ti, and he wa, $lain there:.
M'ohs.mmad, 1on of KIUim th.tn went to Nirun,a the
i nhabitants of which place had already sent two Sa:manb.
or ol their towu lO Hajjaj to n-eat [or peace, They
rnrni.Jlled Muhammld with and admlttiog him
to enccr the !_own they were allowed to cu.piu.slatc. Muhlm
mad conquered all tbe cowtu. uctcaivcly which he 1ott on
hfl rou.tc, untll be bid os rher whlcb runs on tbi,
tid<: o the Mihran [lndusl, He tb.cn saw apprond1ing
towttrW him. Sarbidas. the who came to demand
in the nnme ol the in.habhum. Muhamtmld impOS
ed cribute Up()ll them, nnd then tOWll'dJ Sahba.n.
und took it. Then he went to the banks o( he Mi.br:ln,
and ther:e rtnzaJned. When Uds news reached Dahir, he
prcpiU'Cd {or IJott.cle Mulu.mmad, JOn of .Kasim, had
cent Muhammad, ton of Ml1$'ab, AOD or ' Abdur R:ahm:tn
as Sak6, to S:adunn. whh men on hones
and il..(.$tS. at whoie approcl\ the inhabitants $0licited
aJl.d the t..e:rma o( which were negoti"tcd
by M.uJHUUUllld g!'anttd, then\ peace, but
he tribute on Lbc pla,c;c, futd lOOk pledges
f,rorl\ them. and then tet\arncd tO hb master. He
'trourbt with tUm !Oli S: t.howand Jatc. ' and Jt!t at Sadusan
an o&:er in command.
Muh:unm.ad AO\Ight the mearu of crcnring the M.ibna!'1,
a1-1d cfftcted the pafuge: in a plac.e hfch adjoined Ule
dominiow or Rati), ddef o! K,$1-SM., i n Hind, upon a bridge
which he bad cauiCd tO be constrUcted. -Dahi.r had neg
le:tted every not beUcvlng that !.be MusuJmans
would c.larc: to adV" .. nte &O far-. Muhammad -and his Mwul
e,nClOumcrc:d Dllhir mountl!d on hiJ eJepl1ant, a.nd
surrourided by many o( these :mtm:all, and hil Tabk.a.ru
frbai;;u\A:) were m:-:11' his penon. A dreadful conflict tn
s!Je(L.suCfi as had never lx'cn !Leard of. Dablr dislnoulited
and !o!lgbt- vtUandy, buc be W1Ui killed towa.rdl the even
i.n&:! ldolaterJ. Red, and Mwulnuna ,glutted
Accordmg to AI M4.da1Jli, t])e

&layer of ])ahir 'W;l& " rna1\ o( rhe tribe of Ka.l;ab, who con1
tlOU:d anne vet"$CS: upon the occ:ulon.
Vlll"iou& au chon concur in l.'fll\g thu Muh:,uomatl took. lhe
,-mage o( Rawar Ja by in wbieh city tht:l't waa a
wire or J>:Ulir, who, :.fraid of being captured, burned her-
lielf a.tong with her hantlmaids ond a.u that ahe pos1cssed..
'l"lacu M_tbluum-all, 6011 of Kttsim, went to old Drahma.
nab;td, two from Mamura, whidl towl indeed
did tlot tlu:n ex itt, its she bcJng :a CoNln. The of
the 11rtuy o( Uahir rnllied Ill U,nlmnu\nlliad n.nd resistance
belnJ{ made:, Mulu.mnnad oblig_cd to re10rt to Coree,
whtJ\ c.Wu, or :u 01C J.o1y, twcnty-iJX thoua:.nd tnen were
put to if1c: A\\'ord. He lett tJrdect there. The place iJ
now ln nins.
Muhammad then toWard.s Alr\lf u aud
.Brhrur'. T he lleOJ)le u( Sawandari C'llmc om 10 moc:c. hlm
ana sued ror pcaa:, whith was on the condt.
tion dua they lhould entertain the aud
furnlsh At thl' time: )Jrofm ll1e Muhllmmadan
aetd. AJtcr U1M I1C went > D:wnad, where the inbabi
tant pcce on the sanlc terms as those acco.rdcd
to the Sawandnans. At Jan be reached Alrur, one ot the
cities of Sind. rt '' 'im:1tod (Ill a hilt Muhanunad '*
sciged it for .scveml momhi, and comJlclled it to surrender
1)ro-mLdng to tpvc the Hva or c.he and not
touch the templt* {budd). ''The temples," be "'lidJ "'hdl
be unto us, Jllte at lhe churcht1 o( c.bc ChrUtians, the synn
gogues of the Tcwt, and the lire temples of Mag_i aru/ '
He impoie<l,

the tri bute upon the inh.atiJtanu,
and bulle a mollquc: in the: city.
Muhammad advanud co Ala:ab,u a town on thl.i aide
of l11c: lSiy;ls. whic:h wnt c:lptlll'e<l by and 4 now in
rulns. Rc then (he Biyas, ttrid we.n.t t.oward11
Multan, where, in Ute action which ensued, Zafda, \he wn
of 'Umur, or the t ribe of 'T:-i, covtred him&e.l wtth glory.
The inllde.ls r etrcutcd i n disorder into the towJl,
Muhammmad commenced the $1c:ge, bm chc: pl'OVblons
being tl).t were reductd to eat
Eljlll1Utm11, I.;. $06..}
h Al l'lltl ;,. DIW MS. AID, u lb fl'lu
'Afnl/J.' In
2+ HliTOIUANS OJ? '1NO
aue&. Tbtn came tJ1ere forwnrd a mar1 who suW for
and pointed out to than an aqueduct, by which
the in. babiutnts were .fllppJied with drinking water from
the rim of num.ad. It Oowed within the d ty into a
a which t.hty all Mlah.t
destroyed t.he lnter-wrr i.'$C; \IJlOsi wbid che
oppreued with tbirrt, su.rrendcrtd at discretion. lie mu-
aacrrd d1c men capable of bearing :.rma,. but the childrerl
were ulken Clll)Ci\e, ns wdl the Jtl illi.sten of the temple,
tO the numbcf ot tix thouund. The: Nurutmans !ound
there much gold in a chamber ten cubita long by ei$hf
broll.d, a.ml t.T,ere wn:s fLO th,ough wh\clt
ll1e goJd was poured into the chamber. Hence cbey all
MuJtan "Lbc Frontier ot tllc Boule o( Gald.' ' fnrj
mean! .. a ironlit>..r." u The cr.rop!e (ln4Mj o Multan
recdn:d ridt pTOI!nU and and tO c. the t>OOJ)fO
o Sjnd resorted a.s a. place or pilgrhu;tgc. They c:rcum
amhulaterl il, and 1beit bc.a.ds and beards. 'l"hey
ooncd.vnl that the image wu that of the prophet Job,-
Cod'J peace be on him l
We are told tllat J{;:ajj:.j_ cooxd a calculation to be
o tl1c a:ums CX(X'nded m fiu.lag ouc. t.hb txpedic.i.on
of M\lhtmm:ad Kulm, and the riches which reroT&td from
it.> J.le had spent si.xty millions (or clir.hanu) and that
whir.h ltad beeu to him amounted ;o one. hundred :md
cwcmy mHUons. lie. slid :-.. We have a(>pe2&ed our anger.
Jlld Avtaged our in and we J\01ve g-iWlcd sixty ruUUona
or dirham11
1
a.s wc1J u d:te head or D1hlr. Hajjaj tlltn
die.Lr. Upon lea.Tning thb. Muhlmmad left MUJtnu and
returned to Alrur and""'Baghrur, wh.ida had IJn previously
captuatd. He W.. 'l_cle dona.tion1 to hi men, ana sent an

nnny cow:ardJ af.llaiJaman. the i.nhnbit11nu of which place
aurrendeted witllout ;my rulsunce. lie ma.de peace with
the inb!bhanu: of with whom the me\ of J\a5e11
arc nO'X' '" war. They Jre Meds, sellf.nrcn, and pirata.
'fben he went the lOWJl o Ktr:tj. Dultlr advanced
w OJ)po$ hin1, but the w:as put lO Right. Duliar
ftcd. but wmc s:ty he k&l!ccl The inhabitan" sur
l'dtldt::red. MllhnUJnUul alew (all thOie: capable or be:trinp;
nnm) und reduccal the co tlavery.
Meanwhile. Wnlid, son of '1\bdul ma.Jik, dtcd, l'uld
h'JS ''tc:ceedc<l br (hts brother) SulaJn1an. who appointed
son or lO the. tribute qf
'lrtk. Y2dd, sou or Abu hlha as.Snk$illd, was m:..de
oC Sind, :uul Muhammad, ton o[ Kaslm. was .JC.Ot
6:.ck a prbtuu:r whh Mu'nwiy.t, &On or MuhaHab. Tbe
pc.'Op1e of Hind wc:llt Cor Muhammad., and pre.stl'ed his.
Ukcncl'l 11t )(irnj. fe will impri.loned by Sallb at Wu:it.
Salih put him lQ tortu.re, together with other penctllJ of
the Camily o( Abu 'UkaU, umll they expired: for Hajjaj
(M.t.a.hamtntu l's Mwin) had 'nu to dcam Ad:tm, Sal!b'
brothtr, who \wo(cucd the crttd oi the Khilriji.s. HamP,
tbe son o( lb.naO.. says :
:md AftlCrotit)' and ltbcnJhy,
Ddomt('ll tc1 loOil (ll Katltn, ton o( Mult:lmm!ld..
Uc 11 armk-J u lite: lll::t M le"mtcen rear-,
He. t e'!tmcd dbti i'IN for Mnmand from tbt (by o[ l!IJ blnh. ..
JOn o( Abu Kabsha, died eighteen days a(ter his
arrival in Sind. Stlblnum then appointtd Habjb. SOl\ of
Ill Muha.llab, to o:erry nn the ,.,.ar in Sind, :and be dceirlcd
{or tlut purpost. Meanwhile the or Hind had
returned 'o their staU!t. :and Jab hi)11,
1
t 5Qn of Dahtr. had
fBerdi\4. )
Tlr4t #CJllpN'JIM:t. uorrirA iJ to lll:l(llltrrfd bJI lilr
lfl'lrilrary mOI&dolrt IW-000 hU d.tolh thue t<ttt
(It lli.t diffrrnd ftrill, 30,\MJ .,,. - 20.000 CCI'I)11!t.ll. Tltlr
u Jrc... ftom Pfflit:n lf/ltTUI, 'rlr.t St:md twitru l'l#U.tl'.l ltillt
u jrul eM .otWI't/utalfdlll,g !til fli/$tki"{l Utltn'Jt,-
Puclf41 dr Cra'101lQfl.l, Oktios.ry, Arl. AI Hol}(tj."
,_ [ Titi.l fro Kwf.ttiM, '""' i.t h)! tl;, Choclr
Ow t.rz1 i1 R.riW<Itid gku "J{WJY'1111'
W:e:m. ji,Jr I' ID!k. l91. Tfu lrll llllliMI l ei Sit.M.-Su Cbaell
_ .. )
a:nDC back to Habib Pf()Cftled co lht
of the Mihnn. wbere the peopJe o1 Alrur made their .ub-
min:iun: but he arimt a catlin ulbc 111nd rc:duct!c.l
them.
When elK KJWU SuWman, .CWI ol 'Abdul Malik, cUed.
he ..... hr vmar ton or 'Abdul "AtiLft Re
wro1c to lhe 1rim:es (or liiod) invitiug them to
Mmulma.m 111nd wbmlt co hj$ authority, upon whid1 \hey
wouJd be: U"eltld like aU otba' Mw.ulm:am. 'l"bac princa
hod alrudr l1<ord of bfo promU... c!Janc<cr, :and <rd. ,.
Jaiahiyll and other princes t1.1rf1Cd and took
Anlb nl.Dles. 'Amru. JOn of M:wH1n 6abaU wu lic:u
wunt ol 'Umu oo &lili honli. Me Invaded tcYCnl
p!s in Hind and ... bdut !hem.
Jn the dlya nf JOn or 'Ahdul Mnlik,D the J0J18
of AI Mutudl[b ftcd to Sind, :md lfilal. aon of AhW'IL al
Tatllimi wu tent it'-tf thrm. He Ctll in with them ;and
kilkd llodnl:. ""' o! MuiWiab, 11 Ko.rodabll. He o.lso
dew Muf.uul, 'Abdul Malik, Ziyad. M1.run, and Mu'awiya,
aon.' of Muha.Jio.b ; l:u& o( aU be lc.llltd aon ol
Yuid.
ol'Abdu-r-Rahman a1 MUTl w.u PI)()(ntN
to 1be (ronda ol Sintl under the aulhotity o[ 'Umtr, ron
o! 1-lubalta al f.lt<tri, and w;u confir"med in the govtrnmc-nt
by Khalil) son of *Abd.u-1 Whc.n
Kh.alid, ton of Al Koori ...., ocn< 10 1,..k (.,
aovcrnor) Hath:.m wrote to Junaid direttfng hi.ro 10 kee-p
up a correcraolldence whh &LaUd. Junaid went t.c) .Debal
.nd lr""' th<na <o <he t.nto o1 w Mohton. bon JUhi,..
(tOn ol.Dabir) loJbadc htm tD aoM. and tmt lO hln, ying,
.. 1 ))nc beoomc a Mwulmon, ;u\d' a.n t)l;etflerH man con
&r.mt:d rnc in my u.aw, but I h&lft. no Ci.Uth in tb4e." Uut
(JaUJald) ,P\.C him ptad,ru and toot rom him,
oet&her "ith the due from bit tt.-T1torlo. 1'h.ey
thw tc:hl.ngcd but like an tnfide)
:tnd (OOk up lttt\J. Jsut M)me' on the that
be did "'" bet' <be 11<>d<, but !hac Junaid deal< ""'
wiU,"blm. J.W.It .....,bled bio uwpo, Sued O\OC

'IU!d--Jt. ,hi..J no '* rn AAf
&,. ,. ,...., 7!4 ......
27
.chlpt 11nd prepared lor wu. Junaid proa.'t'dcd ag:ahm
J1jm in ond they fought in the lake of Ash Sbarki.
Ja.i$biya'' JlliJ, was tk'StrOYCd
1
and be himit!U wa' LtLkcn
pritcmer nnd lain. Sua 10n or Tlahi:t Red und proceeded
tow-ards lO fOfnJ laio of the trt"chcr')' ol
tMat t he llmer did not m to concWace ILim until tlu:y
hn.d r.haken handJ, :1nd thc.n he Mew b_im, Junaid made
wotr tjp.inn Kiraj, lhe pc.'OJIIc <If which bnd rcbcUcd.. He
ptndtl UJC or I.IHI b:lt\C:fCd the wall n the
town wlth them mad theY. WC!I"C! and 1ltcn he:
normed the plundering, and making CAptives.
He theu t<.m hi.l otria:u to Manntd Mautbl, DhtmnJ, and
Barus ( Rro:u:hJ. Junaid uAcd tO $3f
1
"Ct i' better to die
with bravado dum whh rcsi:gnation," lit sent a for
ar,tiWt Umln '
11
and he :tbo IC.nc Habtcl, &OU of Marra, wi.th
an "l'my the r.ountry (l r M(l li b01.n Tl1ty 10tde
incuniou.s: u.g.UJh:t UxiLiu, auU Wcy alULckcd Babarimadn
1
nd bumt Jta suburbl. Junaid conquered iLl DaililmllU
and Jurx,M he received M his. nbod<::, i n ::.dditiol tQ
what bit visilou 1,resc:otcd to him, (ony millions, and be
bUnwU carrJed ocr a similar sum.
']1)<: 'tiiXCUOr o( Junald wa.s Tamim, &em or 7.afd al
'Utbi. He: w1u rccbte aud Unbetilc:, uud diol ncar
in :1 water <:!allc:d the uuuff-nlo-wtler." l1lll water W1J JO
culled btc:au:se bulblos took rcCugc t here (rom tbc beau
.which infC:1ited the banb or the: Mihran, Titmlm Willi Ooe
0
( the moat gc.neroua of Arabs, he round In tbe trelJUf)'
o! Sind ei'ihlecn mill ion Tat.a.riya dirhllm5, whil:h he
&l>ent. In the days of TamU:n.
We Mu.udma1u retired from sC\ml pan.& ot lndia t.nd left
IOMC: or t.heir )JOSitiOI\J, 110 tftey UJ) tQ the present
timt! adv.tnoed 10 (:ar :u In days gone by.
flo.kh:n, 110n of :d Kalbf. Tamhn.
Th. e o! Jndia had returned ro idolatTy
1hrut o( Kaua, and the Musubnaru had no plJcC ol aecurHt
ia whidL they <:ould uke rt!uge, 10 he buUt a town on the
o1hor side of tltc IUe facing India, a.od i t AI Ma.b
(lltll, 'The and this he made: a plo.ce o{ re(uge
and Kcu.ri.ty (or them, aod tlleir chjef tOWn. l'Ie 11ked che
[Afllhm or ., (BQ)f.ofi'NICid (1'1rM1.H
tG.utfGI.) , 1
elden of the ltlbt ol K>rb, """ of Syrian
what nme he l!)OUid rhe the toWn. Some Uid Ui1J11tbk
LOam&5CUtJ. other&, l llntt nnd ntJ1et1 '! 'aUmur
(Pt lmyral. Hakim .uld (to the f1mer), "May Good denroy"
you, 0 (ool... Me &lYe it the or AI MahCUlll., and
dWth there.
Amru, ton oE Muhammad lOti of K.uim wu with
Ra\im. t.:od the- latt.CT adrilc<l wltb him. lJ'UJltd him wllh
JUnf im.porwu matten. and .w:cu him out o! AI Mahfut.a
on .a warllU UJ>edilion. Me wa v'cwrlous In his commit-
JOn, ruld wu mru.le &n amlr. He founded " <:ity on dala
Ide of che late, which he_ called M11nwm, in which city
the gOvernors oow dwtJL Halt.hn r(()()rtred. front the h-ll11di
CJI die tbotc placa wbkb had and
r,v. lOlisWdoD co ,.,. ptople in hu ..,.. .,.. K!Wlll ald,
II h ''trJ ""J'riai"'--- pT< Ill< """'" ol the rounory
to the taO$l J'C"l''C"?'l' of Anbt., lha& il. co Tamim,. and l.bcy
were clitplt(d. I gave it 10 t11c u,OJ, njaardly or me:fl
and Lhey wert antbT.ed." Hakim wu killed ther-e.
The govcmort who aueceJed contiuued to ltl ll the
tncmy, whactvtr lhet could acquin: and aubdutnr
the ptOpJ.e wbo rtbt.lled. Wbm tht fortunaLe
(olut ol Abl>ooda) wu aW>Iilh<d, Abu Mu<iim appolnl
ell 'Abdu-t lt.ahaun, con ol Abu Mwllm Mogliam ... J
'AbelL to cbe lrontier of Sind. 'Abd&H llahtN.n went by
way of T'ukho.ristaD. and 11pinn Muuur, ton
!)( Jmhur ll Kalbl
1
who it1 SJncL DuL he WiU nu:t
by Man.aur and aJam, and hit forw were Jlul to fUght.
Muslim hc:ar<l. thia he appointed Muu,. 10n or
Kt'bu-c 'l'amin.i. and iC'ftl b.im to Stad. WhHl he arriYed.
c.ht mer Mihnn lay bc:l'We'tD him alld Mansur, 10n of
luabur. Stdl he came up with MlANl. pu.t hiM and
forca to llimt,. and dew b.U brother Ma.nxur. MaJ'IWT'
Red io plislt to lhc undJ, he dil of thlnt.
Muu TulM in Sind. repaired t.be 'City or "faNUl'ft.t IOd
enbrgt1l iu moaquc. J.fe "faa victorioua In hit. cawp;Ugm.
1bt Xb.aill at Mansur unt co Sind 'Hubam. aon ot
111wn it _tt-f Mit I.U ,...; f{ At wmc r...r,J
lCMt of dU Jl__, .-4 ., .., SW rwkn lttol tfflt
lk n.itu ., lir, ' 1w 6rd h'J
l'riclq 11,. 11.9.1
FUT1JHUL BOLOA
1
N
29
'Amru a! Taghlabi, and he reduced those places which stiU
laeld out. He sent 'Amru, son of Jamal. in boats to
Narand.
51
He alro sent (a force) 10 the ten-itories o Hind,
subdued Kashmir, and took many prisoners and slaves.
Multan was reduced, and he overpowered a body o Arabs
who were in Kandabil, and drove them out. He then
went to Kandahar in boats, and conguered it. He des
troyed the budd there, and built in ats place a mosque.
There nl>undancc in the country under his rule, and
the people blessed him-he extended the frontier, and
enforced his decrees.
'Umar, son of Hnfs, son of 'Usman HaYJtrmnrcl, wM
then apjlointcd govcruor or Sind, and after him Daud, son
of Ya1.1t , son of Hatim. There was with him Abu-! Samma,
who had been a slave of the tribe of Kanda, nnd who is
now governor. The alfa.irs o{ the frontier went on pros-
perously until nashar, ron of Daud, was appointed under
the Khalifat of Mamun.u He rebelled, and set up in
opposition. Ghassan, ron of 'Abbad, who was a native of
tlie neighbourhood of Kufa, was sent against him. Dashar
proceeded to meet Ghassan under a safe conduct, and they
both proceeded to the Muhammadan capital
Ghassan deputed Musa, son of Yahya, son of Kbalid, ron
of Darmak, to the charge of t11e frontier. Musa killed BaJa,
king o! Ashsharki, altbough the latter had !fiven him live
hundred thousand dirhams to preserve his hfe. BaJa was
faithful to Ghassun, and wrote to him in the {lrcsenoe of
his army, through the princes who were with Jum, but his
request was rejected. Musa died in 221 u A.H. (836 A.o.),
leaving a high reputation, and he appointed his son 'Amran
as his successor. The Khalif M'utasim billah wrote to
him confirming him in the government of the frontier. He
marched 10 Kikan af!:ainst the Jats, whom he defeated and
subjugated. He butlt a city there, which he called AI
Baiza, "the white,"3' and he posted a military force there.
Then he proceeded to Multan, and from thence to Kanda
bit, whida city stands upon a hill. Muhammad, ron of
., BtgOil IO reigtl til 813 A.D.)
...
Th6 tu# says 21
1
but is o 1HOIIi/tJI error.]
.. '.tlltJ 1wilror R11r" lit. "0" th# rivtr of R11r''.)
30
Xh3.lil, w1l rt.igning there, but 'Antran l lt.w him, coo-
qntl'ed dte town, and c::uTlcd away iu to
Kutdar. 'Ilten be m"dc war upon the and
thrto lhou.sand o them. Thtre he <:01\tuuc.tcd. a
which is odiN Mtd," ft,rl<l ,, tire He
encamped on the r(\'cr at Al.ru.r.u l'herc he sumrnonecl
the Tau, who eame to his prescnct, when h.r &e.'lledllll Lhdr
b11nd., took. &1)nt tbent the (4.'11J}itl*tion lilx), ttnd he
oNeted that every man or them sitould brin :1.. dog with
him he came to wait upon him,-ltt.nCll: t he price o(
a dOl{ r<Jse to fifty Uirhunu.. He: l[p.iu anac:k.cd the Meds,
hnvhtg with him lhe chlo men of the. J:ua. He: dust o.
aUtl\lTrom the &ea. to their tank, so t.ht: ir bcrnmc $1ih:
and llc $Cnt out tc:vcrlll ma.raudiug c:xp.c:ditions against
them.
Dl.uerulon11 t.hen 11.ro$a het.YI'et:n lhe 11t and
Ya'mania.n"l. and 'Amran jolned wit.b tht latter. ' Umar. JOn
ot 'Abul Adx al Ha.bbari. oonKq_ucnUy vttnt to him
killed biul un:awartt. 'The :meestor or'";' 'Un1ar come
jmo Slnd witlt, Hak.im, son of 'Awana al Kalbl." '
Mansur, ton o( Hatlm, related ttl me that F1d, or
Mahan, (ormerly 1\ aJa,e of tile &OilS of S;Lma, got imc
Sind.iJ:I and. .s.uiJdued iL He then 1ent ln elepllant to !.he
KbaUC Mamun, and wrote to him and oR'ertd up r:nren
tor hi1n in tJu! Ja'''i' maJjid, wbid' hr. built then:. When
bcdiett lu: was succeed by Muhammad, son of Fall, aon
of Mahao. He cm>etO<ie.d with seventy Vtistl Q&r:tinsl the
o( Hind. t-Ie ki iJed ot. number o them. uptur-
ed. .KHo.rio (7) o.nd then rctu_rn<:d towarcb Sin<hl\. But
bU brQtb.cr. named Mahan, h:.d made himself ()(
Slncl.m. and wrote to the Kh1lif Muu,sm biUab1 and hud
(0 him a, a pmcnt the ltrgtlt and longest saj,44 that
"j<S" ,.,.,..1 "I'XAot"' .ndi.,"''l ' .
. till' 111'' tit d'Jt.m4:1reu oJ Oft GMUI()r- ol
tlf( flw tl'ibf# oF Yo.ut!)?J (Ytln.tn),
., """' Fr-aamtnb. ... Uo /IW Inmiocn det S11rtuint Cl\
t. 1l, 'tt fllt!Q.I
. St u Mil' N#tt .dmi"' M1110 011d AMrcut
1
RftM,...r,
I; W.J

tut IHU

.. btd .m.rM r(JJW "'ttltd
1 GO'ar!l tAi11d.. f--i1, 11Uo du h411t.t of Jltt tt\:1} ,,,,) '
I
r
31
had been $Ctll . D11l tlle Jndimls were tutcler tlc:' control or
liis brother whom they Jikttl. so they Jlew ?obhl\n a.nd Q'\lci
ficd hinl. The lnditnt :t.herwnrds made tbem&eh't& m.asten
or Slndan, bt1t tJusr &.he. ulO&qne. and cbt:
m:edans uJed to iu it on Friday and pr11y for lhc: Kbalif.
Abu U:tkr. who had been :t slave or tht KJrids, rel.ued
lOme that the c:ountry called Al 11uiran betwttn K.aslunir
aml Mult."'ln aand Kabul, was g<l\'t:rnc:d by a wise k.ing, 'l'he
pc:opJe of thi-s an tdol lor whJch they
had btilt :a wmple. fhc son o! the king fell Jfck, and he
desired the mhustet$ t)( the: Wt.ilplc to j>l'tlY to the idol lor
the recovery of bll 1011. They rc:tircd for :t shon dme,
llen rcturnOfl :.nd uid, '
1
\Vt h.a.va pm)ed and our
catiOJlJ have been Htu no lcmg time
youth tllcd. Then che king atutcl.cd c.be tc:fl'l ple,
destroyed broke i n Jlietes the idol, and .slew fu mioif-
c.etS Ho aCtc:rwnnb 11 party o( A-(uhamrulda.n
rndm who ru3de known co hhn the nnhy of Cod. Here-
upon he bclievttl in the Ullity and became 2 Murulm11.n.
rbt, h:tppened in the KJ.1alifnt of bi-Uah.-may
God have J.Uercy on him I
CHACHNA'MA,
TARJ'IUJ.I HIND WA SIND
CnAOLI'>"4AMJ\ is the mun.c: uow univena.Uy given co the
work wbidl dculib the: usul')n.tion ot the: Drithm.:an Cbllclt
and tht Arab conqneu o! Sind: but che history itsd gives
Ll.); M for dUs mtme, on tJte contrary lt 11 .:pokcn
ol in the prdaoc and conclusion mercly ;u fathn:tma, ' '11
announcing victOry.'' It is someti.tLlCS as
by Tadk.hi M'iud o Sind. lt is quoted by
Nurul HaJtk. in the ZubdiUUt Taw.uU:h
1
.and by Ni'tanuNl
.din Ahmad b\ the Tabakati Akb:el'i, as t he Minhaju:-1
Mualik, \\' hich the !alter lells "' U mort commonly known
a.s the O)acb-nama.
ThiJ '"ork was 1.ran&lated from tllt Anbk by Muham
' AU bin lbmid bin Abu .Baler KuA, in the time o
.N'II.Siru.d din K..abadla. who iJ .nyted, rna.ny other
tides$ Amtrul Mumi.nin Al)u.J F':acb KabaClut.tiS Saladn,l
"'the etnta of whose glory were fitched with ropes o( hi.\
qulhoril.y, and whb Use mallet o che t trictness of h..is tOm
rnands." He it aatd to adorn t he throne latC'Iy occupfed
bv t.hf blessed mMtyr Abul Mumiflt MubJ.mrnad bin S:un
N:ufr Aminl Mumlnin.
The aan&lo.tor i.n(ornu U3 cb.r,n,. llfttt bavlng spent
much or hi& Hre in the enjoyment of great comJort
luppineS&, he W1U rcduocd co and couapelled b)!
the vidssirudes of lht to leave lili nati\'e land and
W e up hit abode in Ueb. He sa/il Lhat in the 58th yfl.tr
oC his-age, and th.r 61Sth of the Ujrl (12tG /l..o.), be with
drew hi.s !rom all the conoenu which Jwl
""''pied hit mind. and made & lew 4diabtlull>ooi:J hOJ
.oJc oomptniona. I le comidtrtd within hU111eli tluu
learned of tvery .,e bad. by the auiscanu o( Uldr
' """"'" ond pauocu, compil< hiicon.. &nd boob, and
cstabliJbed a l'tlf>UUUion ror tl\enue1w::s by thtir litcra,ry
a.tu.ln1nenu; t.ltac. tor illlt.a.nce, &he o1. Kbw.
- ' lrU. Pcnla, Rll"" and Sh2n1 bad been ttlcbn.r.td .e
large in P.OCtr'Y and prose by :nubors of p.ut agtJ; :md that
V1(C01')' had bttn ai::IUtved. flnd me COUOtry ot Hlndwon
by M\lhl.mmad ltaJim and 11oblu ()(
ArAbi II. and SYfin, n.nd IOOtqUe& And pUJpll.l h.11d. bt:CD Jal$ed
throoaf\out che cou.ntty, ftotn the teHborc tO the boua.
dari.a of Xuhmtr and X.anauj, and R&l Dahir, $00 oC
Chich, tho Jdng of Alor, had been tl11.in by tht pttt nob14.
the b<&t mao C>l the Slace ud ll.dl3too, Muhammad bin
Kulm bin 'Akil S.. tifJ, m.ay Cod me:rcr be on hin1l and
the Ra.i's territory with 111 Jtt <lependeuaes Jud bctn taken
of by chat <Onqucror. 'The uanWtor.
;,mt.c:d w be au.}uaint.f with an 11ccount. o! tbe c:ountry
and it& .inhabitanu, a11d abo wJtb lhe hhtory of Dablr".&
dtldc md death, ln order We he be abac tO corn
pile a book upo1\ that interuiJog
ln the eniltt.vour to obta.ln lh1s iO.Eonution. be k:ft
!he -..1 dt'f ol Ud>, ond went to /\1 and llhobr, the
JmUDJ or wh;eh placet were 1hc: duccndantl ot c.be: Alab
(IC)nq_ueron, On hiJ arrival there,. h& whb lbt ldaulana
Xatf, loma'll bin 'All bla Muhllllll0&4 bin Muta bin Tal
bin vakub bin Tit bln Mu.sa bin Muhammad btn Sbalban
bin 'tkman Salr.IJi. R wu & mine ol JOIII'IIIn( ond the
wu.l o[ wlado.fl\ and there was no one cqu.aJ 10 b,inl 111
tdence, piety. and eloquence. On be.fng consulted. on lh.e
oubjt Of the Arabian aonqUO<. be lnl"'-<1 the
Wt an account ot il wn wrfueJ\ b1 <me o! hliJ J.nc.Htots.
in Ia book ooru.-d In the Ar..bli langu>ge. wbi<h had
<kocm<led fn>m one genen.tioo> .., <11o odo.,., om i< mocl>ed
.hit bao<ll bf' ccnarJe of Jnbcrltante. 13ut li.J ic wu
in tb4- b.nguaac o HHu. it had obtalnM no
...,111 the j>e<iple. to whom that langU>a< was lor<ilft-
When the translator read lle b6ok. he founcl 1,C
adorned with j<wth ol wisd4m and pari! ol pro<<pu. It
s
S5
tht Muhanuntd&n do-minWn tn lndia, ft U oo be
tlu.t t,.nsbtOt dad nol auttnpc &o cktttiy
the many untJKJWn placu of whicb mention U mlde in
t..he oounc: o the mmuive, At he had Mmtelt ' 'i.sil.t(l Ucb,
Alor. and Dhaka and proba.bly other lower down
the lndut. he mJght Jiavt clelrc<l up the t'lWlY doubl$
wbkb our ol the loa.lhiQ mtailt Upon ut.
h h dilli<Wt to nx the .,..a .. p<rtod o! Lbo compo-
tltlon or the originJ An.blc. It b not uld to b"vc bton
eornpDIItl Uy tm anceuor or lbc person from whom the
trarulator obu.lncd it "' B!ulw'. but mtrdy \0 have been
written In the (AA.tl) o( one ol hil anccaon.
This my he: pplicd either 1.0 tompo&it.ion or trawcription
bm the Ute 0[ tl\e l.e:nn renders the
doubclul-mou 1nobably compot.idon it rtCured to. Jn
tither cue. we hive a guuv.tee for the authenticity of the
ln che hcl lhu tho ancestor oC lan.a'U. tbe
poliCIIOf of the manucip;, w1u hhntelf 11. partic:iJ)ltor ln
Ktll(!l 11nd the adwuul\get ol tl1c conq,uktr or wt lind
\1C <Untnctly mcoUonc:d. tba.t the KUI 1ppoi.nted. by
Muharntoad K.uiJu. t.Cttr che conquett o( AIOr,. .._. Nu.u.
bin Ya"tub bln Tt bin Muha.riunad. bin Slulban bin
' U&mtn. Now if wt look at the tllme of t.be (rom
whom cite u'l.nslatol' the Arable. oiclnaJ. we
$hall find 1t me.nde>ned IU bma'U bin 'AH bin Muhammad
bin Mwa bin Tal bin Ya'kub b"' Tal bin 1>1,... bin.
Muhammad bin Shalbln bin 'Usm.&D. ln both i.unances
'Uaman b mtntionell '" chat is, oC l.he nmc tdbe
u the conqtt:ror bJwelf.J The do no'
io C:\-cry &04 it i! evident Wt ln th.e later one
tOme pm.tioru, u is d1c cue,
ue oaliuC'III: bat nm there it quite uffidenc WDilaaltt .&o
J,11ow from the ume IUl<etlOr. 1'he tfde& 1110 o(
"QcYJitor and duc:endll.nt ttkmbk each other l1't'OK dotely,.
n. lint Kazi appoint! "' Alor u allod $ooh al J.mamla
al Ajall al 'AIIm Burlw\u-1 Millat ,..OM! din. Tbo oon
taDpOfl!)' or the tnnsta.titm ft callecl K.lri al'"
ln,\Al.Ol al AjkU a.l 'A.llm a1 Darl
1
Kamalul Mllfa.t waud dJn.
tAl SiHf INII ftHH I Jt'Mf/ f.,.,.,#. 1/V1
l>o4 lfwV ._. .,._..,, ., To,'J. M _. ,.. ,_..., >I tJw
IJ#I,.,.-rM .. Ult:OI :""""
1t b -r """S< lha1 lh< tnNblor W... no noli ol
thit identity of i>edilree. by Which the wlue. aod authen
tic.
1
tfo( tbe wor' ari eo murJl inc:rea&OO: bUl It lJ pro'tx.ble
that It did nol OUr to hUn, or "'dl a could.
aarttly ka-n: ac:apc4 aKndoO.
lh11t EJphintonc tbe upretaton
to be a. tnuuladon." whJt.h would imply a aw:
picion of the tacc. lhtre is no rtaJOn to doubt that lhc
work h cramb.don of a cenu\oc An.b biJtorr, Wl'itten
oot vt:ry long a{ttt the conquat. Thue lj)J)(Iln in It
Uule mOdttn interpolation. and it is probable thu
tboiw) pcs:sarn which contain. tJ\&Chroal.Jma wwe lht work.
ol lhc original writer, and not ot che trant!ator. The
pJaclnA" tl IICIHena: or the Kt.aral'l in J..t.di'l UW)Utb-th.e
BiJn)Jl&.h at tbc beginnlll( o( the !etten or Sind.l.tn pa-i11ca.
lhe jiC1ba o( l.W. ncribcd to Hinclu1{ ho .,. ol lh<
MJ'Oel of BrahmaJabad, whi.c:h is c::xpJalned. tO be
a \'truon of the rUthe. all evidently Lhc:
wotk ol lho .,;pw -
It M eo b. &hat lk1c. it no or reantdng
the Anbie work,; (or aldwuab the try meqte accoun11
ol lhu unpotln conque" 6; Abwl Flcb. A.f><l,l faraj,
Iba: ud. Ald.a\.in &c.d. Ut apt Utclc: b11or
motion rom outhoritoc; ) it mlsbt
mntaln othtr i,ntn'<tdng mJJUer respccdng the c:ommunf
csUon betwten Arabia and Sfnd. whkh ltic autb.tor did
not thillk worthy C)( pcd:al oodoe..
AA of truth the whole, "tnd though it
n:adl more IJkc' a romJnceiUW1 ' & hiaCbty, c.hts il oa
tiotw:d more by the iru.rinsk lntett:s,c of tlit ubjtct. than.
by "'1 ialont pto<dlog from tht o1 the
author. The LWO: WbJcb. -.ppur the moJt. nc.Udou.J,
ue the acc\ullrlon o( Jisiya by the adler of DJrOhD.c, od
the lfi< rwo daen olllahlr"J''" MulwD
mad Kuim. The fm:mer u C'o'tdendy ma:nutaccuttd on
tbe tnodel ot and "'Pudphu't WHc. a ltDrt"fa'truUar
tlirOug&bm. UU: la.U:' but'" the latter lJ and not
lhe bcwld ol f'Obahiluy. wbtn .., OOIII!Aiet the
bt,nd obc41tnk which at 1hat dmc ""' paid, rhe Jllln
da.tct o( lhe Ptopllet't ,'l.l't'COior, of which. n a pcrlod,
wt b.lvt to maAY iib"""' in rhe ..bb;ocy of- tht Asus&iut,..
57
all inspired by the s:lme reeling, a.nd fn the u.me
hope:.
The nJJTatlve {J un.unhitious, and uopes and fig\arcs
;ue rarely lu, except in deaaibing the approach
o njgln and morning; [but the oonstruction U often
im'()Jvtd
1
and the lilng-un.ge is occadonally
.lletlde$ dereecs, thr evcm recorded do not. alwa)'l
appear to follow in chelr pt()_Per chronologieal aeque:nce.)
The antiquity or the origan.al Arnbic work i .. IUnllest,
not only from the internal evidence or tho narrathe, bot
rom toule omissiom whtdJ arc rt:m3rlmb1c, .such u the
name o! MnNun, which mutt have been mentioned bad
it been Jn At that tlroc. Netw MaMura was b\:lh
in tlte bcgiunin$ o( reign or l.h.e AI Mantur,
who succeeded an I&G A.H. ( A.D, 76!). lt U evident Lhat
Lhe work must hltve been wrlncn bc!ore that tiroc.
Then, again, we hn-e nowhere l11ny rnention o! Maswahi,
Ma.nj:a.b:ui, Annari, or all important cowru
uotlced by and Ibn Haubl, \nd otht!.r
writcn on :;;Ind, and. the wot'k mu1t tbe:relore have been
ootnposcd before 1htir time. Aga.in, it b P.lain that th-e
mm of tlle people were whi<ih uo aulhoT,
etptdaUy a foreign one-, would have described them a1
beina. hud he lived after dtc: ext.incdon ot that religion
in lndia. We re1d or S:unania, monk.$, and a royal wbhc
eJepJ1ant, which are no Joi'lge::r hrud of at the later Invadon
of Ma.hmud o Cbuni. Apin, some ot the
hlnory are derivtd trom oral tutlmony recc.l\e:d at second.
third, or fourth h:md, from those wbo were participators
in the transactions rcoorded, jutt In the utne way as
T abari,, who wrote in the third a:ntoy of the Hijr-i. pro
thM our author, traoet :dl.hU to eye
or eatwtoeuea.
'J Ilphinnooe' en.l.tn.ate o( tbe work i& that, "though
Jo;uftd .. wilb au(l lc:tcen to the
prip.dplt ac;torl, it contains a. minute ab.d conlincnt account
.of the. trJn.u.WOn& durin_g Muhammad J(:uimJ inV2sicm,
ansf o the liindu rc:.igos. 1t iJ full o"f
names o pl:lou. and wouJd throw much li$bt on the I{CC>o
per.iod, i( aamiMd by :my pel'$0r
of asr:crta.ming ihc ancient Snnsltrit names, 50 _, t9
the corruption' o! the original Arab writer :md the trlln
sbtor. besides iMumt.rablc crron 9f the copyist. ..
fie ltatet that he did not thi.t work until bltmarrnthe
or KaJinl'$ OJilitary tr.t.nsacr.iorn had been completed.
The Chacbna.u:Ja is the from whid Nb:amu-d
din Abm.a.d, Nurul Hllkk., Fri5hta. Mfr Ma'swn, And
otbcn, b1l \'e drawn their account. of the conquac. of Sind.
T ht.')' howC\'tr. 1eft mueb matter unnotl
ctd. and tvet'l the l:uer pro[used cramlatjM'J by LieuteAAnt
PoJtans... iD the lou.mal of the AJiatJc: Society o Bengal
(No. LXXIV.., 18!3. J . .ncl No. oxr., 1841) J!-v<: mc:rcly 1m
abridged accouH of the traNiletions. whu:h iJ moreo,er
unfortunately dilfiS'ared by many misptinl$.
The headings of !.he $tCtiOil$ throu.gbout the work
bavc bcto tr amlated, in order to 'how lhe r.onne.cdon of
,chc: 'Whole: tl1oJe Oll)' bting omiued wbicb :u't! inappro-
p-riate or evidc:nlly and nearly every
hu bct:ll tr.andattd wbich- Q n be useful for the:. iUu{U'Icion
o the S"='"IT"Jlhy, 1'dieion. and mannc:n o the t ia)u!. The
Chachn:ul'll u common in lncUa, There it a copy in Lhe
.[. 1. Llbr-.a:ry, and the DibUthcque lmpc!J'iitle ha.' two.
' 4
(Tltt MS. rdc:rred r.n u A. it Sir H. M. E'ltlot'l D. tf'lat
tbc &1 lndia Lilwii:f)'; wbkh hu b<:m r.:krnd.
ID in otw.curt pUJlltt and for doobUuJ naD>d.)
l<TllACTS
Conun.111"mtnt oflhc lwuk upon htstory of ll. ai
Oo.hir .run of Chac.h, of Silaij, and of his at the
hcndl of .Uu)uunmtul Kasu"' Sdifl.
QbronklcrG and hi.storia.ru have related that the dty
of Mot, capital o Bind and wu a 1a.rge tit)'
-tdomed with all t.l.Dd' or p3!ar.es atld viUas, gardens and
"0''ee, , TtKn'Oir.l and urea.nu, l>:.rterres. Alld flowers. lt
Wit &ituattd Oil b:t.nk.J O( lhC' 'SihUil o whiC' .h they ca.ll
This deliKhtf,t l city bad a king, whCC OAtme
..on o[ S:ahaJi R-.IShil.hi. He pouessed
Wdhh Q.ud treasures. Hb jwtice was difflUed O\teJ' .the
clnh: and his was renowned in the \Orld. Tbe
.,
[ ?'lib W U... moA.so/uui 1 1011 11/
t611t4 !.Jo -:K"
OOund..llrfe& o( hit dominions on lbe ta.Jt to
Kaihmir, on the west to Mat.n.n, on the: lOuth co shona
ol c.bt O'U and to Dtbal. a.n4 on tbe north to the
mounta.lnJ of Kardan (or and co ltaibm.n
He- bad dUbli&be<l lour malib. or I()W:mon. lA hU tmi-
toric:s. '!110 lit1t nt Drahmanabad 1.nd tbe fmta or Nirun,
J)tb.d. Lotu..o .. IA.kha, SJmma, down co tbo ten (dtuya)l
WCft: plaClC'd In hb duqc:. The MICOnd ac the town o
Siwistan: v.ndcr him wtn- r:dac:td Jankln, lad
the N.iru of lhc hD1i of lluj&.n to the bOrden o( Nakra''
.. rh# Lhird u the (on o( Askllnda aod Ptbiya,r whicb
ru-e called 1.'alwan and Chad\pur; under hin\ wert placed
their deptnd&nciet to tht lro:l'lhtr ol Du.dhpur. Tbe four'th
at tbc rre-t city of Mul1.1..o and Slkka. and Dtahtaapulf
and Karv.r. and and K.u:mba. a far ., the bordm
o Kalhmfr, wtre under bb government. He (the ljnS)
hlmscJC dweh nl the capiUII. A1or, and kept ui\CSC!r hiJ own
rule Ka.rdan. md Kalt.tnan and .Damu:bat.
10
R& enjoined
upon #!\' try one of hb: print.e& lhe neceuhy ol pre.
pVed fo.- -r, by '""' 1m1tkotu.u of warfare. a:mu.
" nd bono ready. Rt alto ordcicd t.bcm to auend to the
tcf;urity <Jf the countq, the condUadon of \he
and du: reJ'llaration ol the: btlih'lifi&' so that t hey might
ktt:p tbdr dUtriClU and depcndcnda pfe.
hD dominiom Wl.l no di.u.ft'mcd penon who e:ould
ma.ke an1 preccrWoeu ap.imt the ol hit &on.
ten. Su(ld(oJy. by the deacc of Cod, the. umy of the
k hlg or Nlmro1 from to Mulr. n ,,.u When
Sihara httJd t..b.U he wtnt ford1 from the tort oi A.lor,u
hA\Ighcy in 1lliud aud careleu in h.t.-1 1, with lhc maiu plrt
of his a:tmy co cncounw him. They joined bcmlt, and
when many bra\'t men nd tried warriors. on both .use..
had. bftn &lain. t.bc Pcnlan umy, placinr tbdr whole uu.n
In the AlmiJbty. m* an uuh, ad brole and put 10
RiJ:ht the army o( Siht TQ, lit ttood firm,
f!l(bdop for hu nnrne and bonour, until he '\\'U killtd.
The of Fan then retuTnttl to NJmroz,. and R.ai Salwl.
IOn ol lit Upocl ohe oh.-ooc ofbla blher. He csa-
blishe<i h1l in lhe O)Unuy. and the four pdbc:a.
who had bttn appomtcd by hi.s s:ubmittcd and a&&ent
ed to him, extiibldng every mark of obedience., placitq(
their wealth at his dljflC)til and. uppol'lina: hfm willa
aod tuertY Tfle whole coonlry wu ohiU W.ly
t.ee:ured in tbe: power or 'R..ai Sa.hul : l.ftd tho lived
happily under hi$ juu and rule. He had a
chamberlllin n1med !Um, aon of Abi (n. a man of tdenc:e
-'"'d wisdom. Thb roan had full and g<nera1 authority
00' all part ol lhe tlotniniom of Jbl SahaJi ;
could entw tr ._, -.:- t.be ki.fts'' ...-wfc:. bvt bh:o:
The duba of chlel w:rtUil')' \lo"tre enuost.ed co hun., and
lUI Sahui faith lu hJt eloquent ptn, and ot<t'Cf' doubted
hiJ rectltude.
il
Chcch is:ruu O'J'rlo!n; af>Poiruing Chandar hi's dcfr"''T
ChAth tuAJ Dtulhi-rrnm, mitsiJttr
1
qtttJtionJ C'Orl-
cerru'nl gowrnmcnt.

Budhimlitl, the minUter, bowed his head to the ground,.
:._nd said, llAi Cbac.h lho tor ever. and rnay it bc-
kuown to htm, that this govtf'nment wat under the domi
n.fon of a &Ole king, and hb chicb wcte: alwaya obedient t o
him. wt,e.n the country WM nllt'd by son of
and when he waa conquered by tl1e 1\rmy or _Fart,
Sah:m suce:ded to the He shnOarly tppOirlt.rd
alltbe four rulen to their exptcting theM to
exert in the collection o the rev(,me and the-
protection of the c.Vm1H'"Y

Chac.h to visiJ ttnd ffl4Yk cht boundariu of
lflor.
Wbt.Jl Chach heard dt.C$C words from .Budhiman. the
they ma<lc. IU\ imFe"ior\ "tX>\ him. J.le wtu vey
happy. He prai5ed tl1t. mmistcr ''Cry rnuch. and lOOk it :tt
good omen. He sent !arm;-,os to the authorities ia all
parts o( the Jnd caHcd ((o:r aid (tom) the
govemon o[ l11e diftt:(ent divi&iont. He tlsen preptt'td an
:u-my dedutng that he would go to che boundary o(
Hind115tall \ihich adjoiMd the (l.iua;;doo- of Lhe)
The ull'Olop ' liJCed an au1picfow time. at whidl . he-
had gone many marches be read1ed. the torr. of fabiy. o,..
the $C)Utht!rn bank or tb( BiQ. "l'he Ch.ld o'r. the
battle, bul Mter gmt fighting a'Qd rliC.
kihg oLP:ablya Red and entered the Con. 1b.i Ch.aCh wa'
victoriou1, and in the fleld of lr.ude (or- a time.
When r.he &tore o provitiont wat txhaos-ted, and
wood, IWd WCI'e all c.onu.rned. the enem)' being, ln
dinrtu let the Cort at tbe tiwe wht-. .n the 1\'0rld bad eovct'-
ed iu.ell witJi the blanket o dlll'lt.ncst; and lbe k.ing of the
'lllll"$ in the gloom o. niJht. H.e 6ed I
otowvdt the fort of' AJkaland:-t llnd encamped U1 the vidnity
of lhat city. Thb fort wu suongu the first, and
1Vh.cn reached the fielch of thiP clti h'e sem hit '1?16 tl)
ob'tin information, and wher_'l' they,Cllme Nel the,Yreport.ed
i2
07 IUXD
1l1at Cbi:lcb had entered the ort of hbiya, tnd wa.s &uying
lhtn:.
Cltnch tn'Ot:ecd.J lo lhe fort of L'i'tbl4nda10
When Chub wu inormed &hat the enemy bad gorie
to Alkaland3, he pt:.0!\1 orte (II tlis officer5 in charge of the
Cort (of P$1biya) t.nd proceeded to thlt clty. He pitched
hi.t tents in its vlcinity. There w.u _a great :utd brove
in the Core of Alkalanda., who was iu the imm:st of Cha.cl1,
.. 'lnd had inRuence ovc:r the JXOp1e fn the fort. All the
chief inha.bita.nq lllWlf' took hi.s a.dvica :and
contnry to his opinion. Cb.ach JLcnL a UJtiJI to h.i.ru and
pi'Omised 1.1) make him gt>\-cmor tbat (ore.. He altO
ordered a t'vman to be prepared. hhn the go,er-
norsblp of the Cort,. 011 the condJuon that he woul(l kill
Chatcra
1
lt the .:hid (m:.lik) of 'P:ehiy:t.. or t:k.e him
pr00r)tr. Pabiya was also to be made over to him. lie
lgJ'Ced tO that terms and concUdons. He aen.t bll ton co
.Cllacb, :md br. occasionally viAhins Ch:u.era,
t:Onlidel..\, w d11 he wa; nCvf:'r pre\'Cntcd fro,m going imo
bil Coun either b)l day or by. night. \\Then ht lound :tn
he suddenl y killed Ch:uet\'1 uau1 hU, head
lO ChadL ltai Chach Wowed him greu fiL\'our and
honour, him a reward in token of hi.t plc11ure,
and m.ade him the independent chi:ef of t.h.at forL The
11nd nubtc of city llttended on him, nud
made bjm preKnlJ. He treated them :til with honour and
rc&ptc:t, and kepl tht.n (aJth!ul to l.bei:r Ohach
him some prohibitiOI\J and ;(dJUOllitiMt, t1Hll he
coaHnued (a.ithful in obedience and never disobeyed bit
<!rders.
,,
Having completed the expe<Lhion to A.lbl&nda.
towards Sikka and Muh.an. Tn Multan there
was a chic! (m:a.li).) whose aame wu Dbjhra. He \WM a
(At$. B. wrius tlu ,
['rllis U ,tlnu
1
arM Glu "' U. !t1(;,
1
A .
.M.S. 8. IM.tu " .
\
4
,
l
OF , SI'HU
or tbouJd aasin. blm (Rajhra) and rei nforce-
ment$.
Tht: unucu.uful rcltmr of me.utngtr from J<OJhm't
adore the messenger reuhtd Kashmir, the lbi of that
plaet dled, :uul h.is .50' who '1\'ll' only a boy. had ruc:-
Utded hun. The rqmuten, eounsellort. aucndanu, and
a.s wdl 1.1 the noble& .wd chief men oi tho
oonsu.lted with each other and ta.lswered the Jetter in a
manner. They stMetl tbnL tbt Ral o! Kashmir hac!
dep.utcd to tlc: next worJcL and hU: ton wa.t a mere boy
of tC(l<ltr u.gc:. The dutercnt divition.l or the ar:nly hail
rnbcd thdr heads In re.beUion and revolL Jr wn..' nea;s..
nry t.b.u the 11fi'ain of po'lrCs 4JJou.ld be Kl $Uaig.ln.
and. therefore it Wo\1.$. not at this li.mc: in their power co
J)tOvicle the means o( usina.noc. Jnd tba.t Da.jhra mult rely
upor;t hls own resourca. Wht.n lhe- nu:ue:nger' ame b:u:l::.
and rJlis. Bajbra. desp:airiog of a.h:ta.oce
fron1 t.he k.ing o Kafl:unir, -turd Ra.i Cb:tch for pc:aee, Si nd
made and a.uuranccs., He a.ald he. wou1d
&he forti aaau:rtd or hiuaety
1
i):t writintY a.ud Mbody
shol!ld b.i.m .uuti1 he fC:achcd. J a place of security
with a.J1 his !ollowen and dcpc.qd.a.nu, Chacb agreed co
these tenDS,; And prol'l:1iJed. him prott.cdon. He c.a.me out
o tbe ,{ort,. and. hill people,. W(l)l (()Wl'lfds ) fl(llln
l.:liiU or Clul.ch. Clltcrc:d the !on. and the pro-
vince broushc under hil domJnion.
Cl utch ltoflts hiJ f4f1ut1 J'n fort of Multau nnd
fP'OCeetLt c>nW<trd
When he cook the fon ol Multa.n he appointed thtre a
th:t.kur .u his dtpmy. He into the tttnple, prmtrn
ted before tlc fd(lb, and offc.'Tt!J 311ailiccs. He
then prcpa.rtd to march forwa.rd. The tulers of
pur, Karw .t.nd AJhahu., submWion'' to him_.
.l'rom tbeJe ptaaa he procteded to the or
rtod KUJ.h.u-ir, ""Na ling offered auy miW:UJtt. ,
(h" J.. &.otl. MSS. tcf'l"u tbit 1101114 KUQlbl. J,.
#ou, MS. A. W Yaki.t Uabit, oiOd 4 ltw f.,-tlln' o..,
l<ina r 111$. a II"' KIU ,.,.,,, nr-4 KI.Wba tt/ll'f'{(,9rdl,l
Jj
I
l
when the Almighty make. a m1u1 great be rtndm lill his
entcrp-liel ell)' md giva Wm aU bla desira. ..
p.&ace to whk:b 6c went feU inco b:iJ poatJJioo..
M Jut he the ron ot Shlblha.. 1111 dev.)ttd ptaa
whi(;h i called K.umball M che bordm o( Kit$hmir, :tnd
nopped there for one month, He puni.Jhed some of he
dlfdJ of the -.nd collt<1ed an army
undu bu commoncl. Tlim 1u awl< firm w!lh
the ehle.C.. and ru.Jm ol lh2t pan or tht country, fit-
curdy Ntabli&hed hit dominion. He sent for" two trea,
one of maiJir,lhiU iJ white pol))u, and the
6tht:t a #kHI.tt', ihat 4 a fir,D He them boLh on
the boundary o! K.athmir, upon me kn.b of llre&m.
wbtd if caUtd the live Wlltcra,ta and n(lr tM .C..shmir
lrom which numerou lountins Row. ne na.ycd tb.ue
till the brancbes o ea.th O( lbc crtcs ran into thOK of tbc
othtr. TbC1I he mar\Ld Won. aod Ald h ...., the bocn>-
dary roatk bent<cn him and the lW ol lta>lmlir, and
beyond it he would not go.
Rct&mt of Cluu;h nJln' lilt boutulnry 111ith Xtltmlr
The narr.a.wr of chb conq\*Cit hu thua uid. We when
W boundary towarda K:uhmir defined, Chad\ mu-,..
t1ed. to the d'Y. Alor. He alopped thue to
rake reu !rom the t1isue.5 of the joumcy: 1110d hit cMds
p .ready the prOY{dom aad fl'l,l_teri.all ol war. H'c thtn
aid. .. 0 mi.oli.ttt f r have oo ftar fr01n the aow 1 naV$l
Wc.e cart of the wen and the toulb."' Tbt minlntr R'
plfed, it mo.:t pral.ewonby ror king tO .be:
acqu.alnt.td whh the affaj of their to\lntrltl. II aho
co be approb<od<d that f:om your abl<nce in the J>per
prO"tin.ca and the p--en)(lft o( the dllamt
JUSfOJUAIU or An<
mty b.nve prcJumed that &int.e Ra.i &thasi there U
nobody to demand !'rom them dl.e re\'Cnuc of the country.
'l'ruJy (l.nd dhor:der have taken place."
On thll, Chad1, in au aUJpidow hour) mardted IOWintb
(orcs of BudapurJ and Siwij.t31\. was a chief
in SiwiJUin, called l\bua, a-nd Chacb crosted the r-.Hhn.n
1\t a c.aUtd Diha.y:tt, wh.id onncd t4e bouodary
betwe-en Snnuna and Alor. From thia place he p[oc:elecl
to Budhiya, tile chid or which WM the sou or Kotal bjn
J.Uaodargu BhlP;U. His capit.:al was Nanaraj,M a.nd the.
inhabltanu of the pl.:ate o.ne'd it Sawi.J. Chach 1Utacked.
and took: tho (ort son ot Kata, c;tJY.le {Orlb,
to .uk quarter for the P.Tinee a.nd hi.J follower.;, ntey
lu.id upon themtelves a tribute 10 p;ty him-t and made the.ir
1ubm.Laion.
" From that pll b.e went to Siwi.uan, wheo he ap-
pron.ched. h, Matta, irA chief, ca.me lorth with grellt alarm
and -a large reti.nue 1-0 rut:ct bhn. A battle was !ought,
W11$ victoriouJ, and Maua, with hi$ :tl'l'lly, fted Md
tooX j.n the fort. Ch:.ch beliegt.:d Jt. and after II
wet-k the-garrilon w-a.s obliged 1.o sue Cor peace. The tttm$
being- agtettl t.0, tbcy came out o! rhe Cor" a.nd sur.rt.ndered
tl)c: ke)" to the otfi.cen.of Cha.cb
1
wbo gave them proltctio_rl
and ab.owcd them much R' e gave dJc cWdship
ol the pl.tce to Matt.'l, and pla(t() one: o! hb confidc:n-
tial officel'$ Lhere. fie nopped tbere !or a. lew days, during
wb..ida time the afair1 of the tmhory and the city wtre
put in order.
>/
Cluu:h, 1111!U 4 rr11m*ngm- to AA/r.tmt Lohan4, 'lu'tf of
Brahman.ttb.ad
When the invuion oC S(wLst:m WA.J over, Chclt.. Jtnt a
letter to Akham r..o.hana, the governor o llrahmana.b:td.
who w:l..S Cbie: abo o La.k.hu., Samma and Sihta, and t.alted'
.. W Ms. B. Nu JiJNbl th BtuJA;ur. o,..,.BMMif oi.
t. J6o! tMn inz also trJillt ' -"1
.. Xd.#ro,."' DJ '
17
upon him ro adtnowledste aubmh,iott. When he wu "
ftw days' j9urney l.rom Makran, the foounen whow ht h"d
placed on the roadt. 011 l penon whh Jctten- from
Al.bam. which he had wnum co Matta. the of
Slwistt.n, w the (oUowlng efta. ''l have alw:ays bcha\'Cd
lowatdl you with srut oordllllty and and
never thown you Ofposition or quanellctl witlt ynu.
The tecttt wbkb you IIC'tlt by waY. of (ricncltWp was reot:l
ftd. and J .as much cx.alted br h. Our .n-11
rtm.aln eoofi:nued fOr cvc:r, a.ncf oo anitUOlhy arbt.
I will comfiT wilh all your ordc:n. You a a king, and
th.e- r.on o a ldna. Oni ty exlau betwten you n1e.
etrcunm1nas Ute WtJ have ooc.urred to many J>enr,m--.
ond haY< ol>ll>!ed olltm co l<dr. prote<don. You an at
b.'bertr. to raiile .. , nr. pbcc you. UU 1rithin the w:ritory
of that b co ttay, up co the 1t1. ol Debat ff
.you rttOtvcd to go: in any other dirccdon. there
nobody co pre,<em or mok:rt you. Wt1eever you like tO so
T will ubt JOU J .mch ancl mClumct that
l can rt:Dda- you aid. )bua 0\ind. It opetlicnc to
co the counuy ot Hind. to M ... m. 1U.nW,. who wu abo
ullcd JShul.
Ch-ch undt o ltttn to AAia4rm Loh4nts.
bi Chxh tern a lctta- to Akh1111 Lobua. t:117ing, "'You
troru t:OUY powc:r. and pomp, al'ld llmily ck.Jetnt.
founelf t<nler of Lhe time. Although tbb kingdom
and' IQ\tt'eicuty, wllhr rJcha, dirpUty, i nd power. 'have
llDl dbctndCd 10 roe by m.hcriu.ncc-, ytt tbtle dllr::irrg'UiJhed
r.;o.,,. ond this ..Wt<d ,.,. beat to fJlc 1>
1
Cod. It It'll\ not by my an:ny that J. l.lintd. but. Cod.
'tbe lin1le, (be inoomparablc, the trettct.tr ,of lbe wofld. in
t.avour c.o SUilij, has given me thb domin1on, and t.h.h
.ryoa. slortow posidoo. ln aJl di'C\I.QUt.aneet 1 obtair'l ""'"
mtarwe from rum, and J ha\"t no bope or aid f:ro:D anr
other. He wlbles me tO accocnpln.h lllll my undauklnJ.
and wUu me in nll mr. acu. He hu .gi.wn me victory
1
11\'all hatclU,. and f1'1cr all roy enemie1. He bu
RO me ot both world&. Althou&h tlunl
,..., hi,.,. J'IW'Odf of all thio power aM d:"'m
48
HUTORJAxt OF .!ill\0
sCMce by )'Our c.ounge and audacity, promptitude, and
shalJ turcly lose and to take your 1ife ia
Choch arritTt'.r al JJrohmQna/Jad, Gnd fights with
AAham Lolum4
-Chacb then marched hkbrun Lobana, who had
fOrm nnbiUIUIII\bad" into the interior o the countr)'.
' When he rec:dved the: lntclllgcnce of the arrival of Chach
1
he tame to the capital, and made preparation for wa.r.
When Rai Chach arrived at tlle city of Jlr:duoamtbad,
Ak.h:.tn Mood ready lO O.f.posc Jilin. Alter a great slau.Rbter
-ol warrion: on both uda. the army of Akha.m took to
Dil!lu. and he ented hb lore. Ch.ach laid liege to il,
--an'il the siege la&ttd lor the period o one. year.
lll tJ10$e d2)'$ 1l1e king of that is,
wu Satban.'
11
$On of Rasa f. and Akham sern letters to hlm
-asking [or a.uiscance. But Akhw died bt!orc the antwer
w.u returned, and hi& son Aucceeded him. Akh:.m had tt
'friend, till inlidel Sam:tJ'Ii; 1r.uncd .8uddhr:alv,tt i .e# "Pro-
tected by the: ldoJ.'' He had a temple wbldl waa: called
Dudh Nauvlhar,U and the idol Dilha Q);io Rt. was.a de!-
votee and f:uoouJ. Cot hi' I'itl)' nod all tl1e people
o{ the 3urrounding plaOI:$ were o6c:dient to him. Akham
.,..u hil dbdple. tnd he rtgtrded the Samani 11 his pol e-
-AUt. 'When Akh.am bad t.ake:n rduge in the fort, the
Sau)l)n.i bim ; he d.i d f\Ot 6g_JH, tmt he read Ms
boob in hi.s chsmbet' of wonllip. When Ak.ham died,
and hb sono succ:teded b1rn In the: government. the Sanu.nl
-was disaffected and uoubled, lor ho did not think it right
1h-u. tbe kiJ'$dOOO$ and the .ptope.rty l\l)d .thould Cleo
opart from ha hand"J. In hit perplexity he looked
l
49
and he arrjvcd at the C<Hidu.slon tbot the muu !all
1.0 Chlllt h, whedu:r be would be friendly c.o hun or 1\ot.
Then the (Jatc: k.ing'1) JOn being .ore h.iJ army
and bb !orS ga .. e up ftghting, u.od the fort woas IUrrtn
dertd to Chacli, who firmly cstublished hit power iri it.
When Chach of the SamanJ, and knew that M hact
made n with Ak.ham and hiA aon, and lllllt tbe
war httd ltJted for one year through hi$ and
magfcal power, ho i:wore th:u if be evc:r Clpturtd the fort,
wouJa him atld llay him.. and order druma to btl:
()l)vtted witJJ his sk.in, and have hia body: torn to
Th.U oath Wu reported to the SamDni, who luuJ.bcil" and
sa(d. ''Chacb will not have t.lle pow(r tO kill me. When
a{tet a time, lhe J.ltOJ)le of We lftcr much fighting
tll\d tlaugfner, P,\' C up the contest, and aolieittil pro
tQction. by the intervention of noblt.S :u.ld cbie&, a treaty
was mado between both p:u'def.. IUJd the Con wu JUm:n.
dercd. Cba'll it, and rold them chat if they liked
they might au aw;a'/_: there: was no one to lnterere with
dJon, and if they wbhed to reouin they miht. The aon
a.nd the: dtpendanu o Akb:.o1 .\teing tum kaudly disposed
them, eh0$t to remain. Chacll Jll)'Cd for a time
i.o rb;.t city, u.ud made: himtelf wic.h tht!ir di.,.
position.
Choch tdu 1h1 of to and giws the
dttugJttt:T IJf Jus nephew lu A.khnm't ton S4rbamf
Cbach $Cl'lt 11. man to the mother oi and
re:qubtcd. her band. The &on brouglu btr. Cb.ac:l\ lti''C
bh:iralya, the da.ughttr of hi' nephew to th( and dtd
cd hU:o ill "PJ'arc:I of mJLny c:olou.rs. He MOpped there for
tt yeaJ;'. and appointed officerJ on his pa_rt to co.UCct lite
reve:nuc1. lfc .. ubjugattd the other aut-rounding cbids.
At he e";'tuJrea where the encbnter. SamanJ wa.t. that
he wJgfu &te hurt. He wu told that be was a .grtat de.,ote,
aud tliat he )'IOUidq* found with the :t11d th't
he wat one or the phUOJOpen of Hind. H'e wlls the 'keeper
of t.ht temple: of K.an.vi{l;)r,ll
1
among;st the othe:r. de
VC) tt he wtU ll\_C grc;atesC. and hacl readied to
W be-tA to/'iu.J
4
He was &o ddUd in magic and enchantmenu, th:u he
had 1'1 world obeditH 3nd submluive to him,
fie had provided him$cl[ with aU the, requisites by meam
or hit u.lilmaw. and for some time he had become friendly
to S.a.rband becauiC: he had OOen lrie.ndly with hb father.
his power a.n.d protection the army- o( Dr.thman:..
bad had pl'OU'Ilctcd the wu (Or so lonr
Ohath visits tht Samni, 4rld nrqlt}N's obout /tis
circumJtonces
Chach ordered MJ body gurnd t111d 10ldi.en to mon1l_t
their horse,..,, p.ud wc:ot toWllnb the lf:n 1ple3 of itnll
lUnvlhar n with the intention oC kUling tl1e Sltn1ani. He
caHI!d his mned men ana Jnttru,ted them that wben
dul'iog: the interview be .should stand up and look towards
tllC'm, they $h<HId <l11lw cheir sword$ l111d the S:tu11Uli.'l
head from bit body. When he re<tcped the temple, he
uw the Sam.anJ tltdng on a chair, enC1;1{td in wonhfp.
ald havi ng 6011)1! (by in h.U hand u Wlth which he wat
making jdob, he: had 40melhing Uk.e n &UI IIlj) whld
of lbe Duddha. wu made on the clay, n.nd when
it ' was finished he: plactd h on one ai dc.u Chuh atood by
him. but recehetr no nuemion rmrn him. Alter :a &bon
rime, wben he had finished his idob, he riti&ed hU head
4'1nd ta.ld,. "Ja che aon of the monk SilaiJ come i " Cbach
rt.plit!d, ''Yea, 0 de\ootee." The Saman aaid, "For what
tDu4dlt w Kc,..Pitlor A. 81fdil l(jNI(Jf n.) '1111& M1111
1.# b1 u1htl #tfJ .Kt"IIMr' ollll Kirtilfmr.
Tie ti'IIIAiiw ulftjtmdittll m the lui ll II om"'
r " 6dow. rT.tt.tu "'"'"'"'' Nl01 lu. G.l s., II. Ellio, COli
tikd ,,u_ wrlttiu lA of th nm *Mr-H tit':r t1tO.y b
ht-. Mtnl'l "J lllf .ntJIII!I lll.nb1Vhlftt111 I#' t;(tl/ttSII'II
Tlur.t t"-!1 H t/I;,J lll.t loti c!rd o/ lilt' r.1111- 1
;.ftlld, ntNitMII Yihar. W" ;,. Naa. "NI'III.. '
ud Kan !"d7 l.ol fii,.Ji Kaub, du SWiril d l
,l.lhkll u /f'"'d i the tiii'Jnq KM.hirtr 1111& K!Mhl1ri. Tliu1
I'CIIIHs wotJd t/lt-rtforr lipifi "NI'ff! "Block llf-011'4.1
'"lj .. Pfe "I "'""'r U lint ollfiUM /OO'JJ:.'
.. Tllt1 llw tloYif11Wu ot Rilddk lr Ifill
tllt , Gn.4r\ll CII\IIMt.OI9hONI f;tt.vrcl ok/ 11.1 t.li os
TI'UIIJ /lfodiall IMit 8MrMUI
l
51
purpotc have you come ?'' answered that he wished
co see him, and thut.Iort he had come. The dt:\'O!ec
bid hitn to &it down, Cha.dt u.c. The devotee Jprtad a
r'inc cloth, made him Ut on 'iL R:e asked. "0 Cha.ch I
what do yuu Cbac.h "1 wUh you 'k'<luld
becorM my friend and return to that 1
might turn your thougbu to secular punulu., and entrust
you with g:rt:nt. You may H\'e with Sflrblwd. and
give llim advice and auinanoe. ' The llevotcc taJd, "1
nothing, to do with your cou.ntry. and h.a\'t no wi.sh
tO in public bu.slrloC$s. 1 do not JIJ:.t'l wol'dl y OO\
cerna. Chadt 1uked him, "Why did )'OU side wi.tlt ll1c
f.eople ol tlte on or Drahman.abad ?" He replied. 'When
A.ktiam Lohtnl. dled
1
and his 101\ was grit\'Cd, Jadmoniab
cd him to cea.e lamentinr {or tile: deparnarc ol hia lather,
and praytd tlle 1\lrnighty God tO peace :uul
AhiJ) Oetwun the contending pardt$. lt i better for me:
to :Stddba, and U:ek &; hation W Jbe ni!'.Xt world, tha..n
aJJ the offices and grtatntNs of this. But a.s Lhou art t.he
ling o this country, uc th)" supreme command r will go
with OJY lamily to c.be ()( the [Oit, although
1 /ear Uuu the people of the r . m will do to che
culdvation or nuddba.. You Q.rt lOday a and a..
S!Ut man." ChJteh said. '"'Ute worsbil> of Duddhn i.s most
rigbteou.t, and ever co hold fc in honour b most proper.
lhH. lf you are fa wane or anything, tell tl)C:, for J shall
con.sider it a privlJege and a duty to provide fOf' it/' The
devotee anawered, "l do riot wam anythin; or lhl$ warld
Irom )'Oll. Mf' God incline you co the a11Ril'$ o ths: .JIC)Cl.''
" 11110 wbh that my 8:llvation. may', .be lh.e
rc;Jult. Diicc,t me ao th.at I may $C('

is
rCqUfred; oanf\ I will help you." He excb..im.ed, )'01.1
uem to of performing vinuous
tlu:tC h: ' in old temple (iaUed) Budli .P,d Nau.vlha.r
(at) Sawandu! Ill wb.ii:b h.U &ulrered.mu'dl irijury Crom the
ha.na of ti.me-'it --.:ecm,lres rc-puir'. You shouJd spend $0me
mo'ney in ..-eneWili.g m foUndation, and 1 .b1! thu'
by 'YOu.'' ph'ach said. "-By' all aoc:ans: J
)'Oti, !.
"{A. ""' IJid.J,A "' OO<'<!'Ji. /Jwi/41'9 l .. b..Jd... ...;?,, .;1
8 . .tcl)l 1Jr#dt!T. 1111.t1

52
Chach rtlunu to Brallmonobad
CJJ:lCh rode b:u:k rom that pbce. The minUter asked
him . .. 0 king, ll't!Ave &eer'l a wonder." ' 'Wiul.t is it ?'' u.ld
Chich. He remarked, "When you sCuttd. you had rc,;olo;-
td that I abouJd, order the aoldien to kill the de\Vtee;
but. when you went btlore him rou bowed every whh to
P.lc:usc him, 11nd acetptcd n11 hu pnytra." Ch.tch Pld.
'Very true: lsaw somedUug whiclJ, w;u nc> magic m c:hlltm
1
for wllen l looked :u him, something came bclore my
... hion, :tnd as I aa.t bdore t.l.m,. I beheld " dreadful and
horrible ph:uuon, .Ual,ldinf: 1t his head. lu eyes blazed
Ji.kc fire, a\1U were tuH or a_nger, and h.s wero long
:Lnd thid:. and its tccUt f'C'St'lllblod l'ike$. He hnd a 11pear
in his hand, which shone JiJ.c dia.moml-1. and it
"s. i( be wll.s going to urikt .ome one ll.ith it. When I
saw him 1 wiU nmr.h and could not utter 11 wor<l to
him which. you miKl1t hea J wi&hed lO a:ne my own
life, so. J obsenL lihu and dep.'lrttd."
Ghndt s?s al BralunAMba:d, 4nd detnmints tht amount
of lhl'l
Chath in the ron or Bru.hmauabad Lilt
affairs aeulcd., t-axtt were Axed, tile
1ubjecu re41UUJ'ed. Re hllmai.attd the j :m and the
Lobonas, and punislt.til 1heir chiefs. He took a hostage
from these dlJcfs, and kept h.im. in the fort of Brahmana
bad. He obUged them to ee lO the (oUowiJIJ; teot t
U1ey never a.ny IWOrdl but sham om:_,:
That they should r).tvtl" wtar under.garmenu o shawl.
ve.h!Ct, or tUk. but they wear outergarmenta
of ailk, provided they were of a red or .b1ad (I)Tou:r :
I "l'l\3l they .Would put no saddles on their hor$CSo, tu'l.d
shoUld keep their bead$ (t!e:l uru:overed : Thit whCn
th:Cy went' out they 1hould t ake their dogs. with ther:n!
'J1Hat they tboul d carry flrc'llood {o,r the \;itcbtJ\ o( the
diie( ol llmhm-anabad. They Wert to Cutnbh JU.i.des 101d
spk. and were: w he faitllful when c.rnploYea in, su.ch
offices. They were to Jh,e ia :unity with Sar&.nd. ion of
Akh1m . and U any eaemy <amc to. bwade the .,CJ::rritq,ey,
Or flgiH "with Suband, they vere to comiiJc:r it incumbent
on tb.c:m to aht him., 1mU 1teadily to
He r.hus flnUhed hb hlboun, and estllblhbed his rul e. 1[
anr per.son &h.owed rcbeJUon or hottlllty, he cook a heu,ge
ex:..cud penalt:its undJ be hould amtnd hi! conducL
marehu fo J{innan (tnd. tUjinu llu: boumlmy
of i\faJmm
When Chad\ bad sttcled these nu.tten.. he made up
his, mind to the boondary o( Kinnan, which
W8J adjJIIIl lO the of t he chit or Rind. At
thil time two ynl.l'f had el11.psed sin: tbc: H.ijm oi c.be Pro.
phet of God.-ma.y peace be to him I After the death of
k.i.sr:t bin bin .tar&, and the dlstupdon o! hit
dominionJ, the m0\IH1gement of the a.fl'-ah-s of t.ht k.ingdom
dtVQlved upon a woman. Whc:n Chacb wu informed o
th.U., be dctumlned to tO JUrman with a cousidnable
loYce. At an auspicioUJ time, which wu Oxcd by the: UU'Oo
I?SCC$ be l)llln:ited toward$ J\rmabel, and "' ' hen he arrived
,ahere the chlef of the plnce C'ii.DlC tO him, Re was
.t Buddhin pr!cn. and had d(jcatded from the rcprf!\Cnta
dvea of R.aa Sihant.s, kjng of Hind, whom the ltai had
r.aised up with great ki ttdnitS$ Cavour. Fl'om change:
of dme he bad become refractory, "nd had e.,.uhed !roin
his allegia.n. He carne Lonl1 to meet Clutch, when a
lrtaty w:u m.a.de, and oordialic.y frlendshlp was esta
bJiJl'1Cd them. Chach procteded (rom thence to
Mil.knn .Everfd)ief that wa.t met offered hi$ 4Ubmiiston.
When he had c:rOucd lhc province of Makran and the:
billa. be entered another dlnrict. There wu an old (on
hete K.::marpur.JG He ordered it J:o be rebuUt;
accorillilg "' the Flit)dt.l outorl) o. t'lt.wbat of r, ve rnu$tml
Jrutrumenut was lO be C:\'tnlug
morni ng in the Core. He Q)Jitcted aU the people of the
vill.ag"t.&, and completed the buildJng. Me
marched from lhis place Kirmap 1 Dl'ld halttd on
the banks of a river which runs betwn:n lhtt c:oontrY 1u1d
Makran. There be fiXed the eancrn bound11ry. that U. chC
00\lndary betwten Mathn an'd K'lrman
1
and planted
'
"lA. Kmvrrj1ir . .8. ki.Mr;Mr. IU Ntrl ;.ltlillatd
il uothcr vo!um(.) l
numtJ'Oll# date m:eJ there upon the b:uab of the strc:am.
ttn.d he Jet Up J.. mark, .sayilg, ''lb.i:s WilJ the: boundary 0
Hind in the ume of bi n SUatj bin n Now
hound"l)' lun cowc: inm our poueuion.
Cheh procted.t to Arm4l;,ln Jtnd (hu!s tlu; re\Mmte
From th.:tt place he: returned to Armabcl., :t.nd ha\'lng
pa.ued chmogh the country of Tunn. he came ouc in the
No body arose to fght with him. He nrrivlld in
tlu: eouncry ol KAndhabe!, tllat O and
having tr:tver&ed that lllw. be advanced to We Con.
n,e jl\ple took rdugc Jn it. When be Jrrivcd J.t U.e
bank$ or tlu: Slni}O he: phci1ed hll tenu there. Tha pt()-
ple of tl1c pt:u:e be:lng much pressed agreed to pay him llll
ant1UJL1 ui6ute o( one hundred dirtttus, 11.11d one
hundred hill hoc&es. A ,.,., made, and Chach rt
turned co his aapitaJ. Alor
1
aud f(.1.1llined there c.:UJ be dfed
JLnd wcm to h'Cll. fie forty ycart.
CI1Andat, .ron of Sfln.i.j &Ut:c.tuLr lO t}'ff O/ A lor
After lhc: <kalh of Cb.ach. his b:rotha Chanda.r,n .on
o! SU.ail, sa.t upon the the lllrone. of A lor. He patronized
the relfgio1t of tlle n:\aib monb pro-
owlrtro lhcir <.Jocu-ines, He brought many people toge.
ther with the JWord. and m:tde them return to hit religion.
Ht: rccd\cd aever11 lt:ttt:N from the Chiefs of Hind.
]Qllrne'J o} Jdall4, Ch;cf of Siwistan
When Matb, thi.ef of SitiiJ:'tan, went to tl't king of
the country ol Hiadusta.n WllJ in a ftourishinr
"J
10
$olHu"' itt B.)
Ah rutyil D. Al"M4bt'l A.J
rhf.t u 111M ,. JJ$. a.J
sr.t B. s.,n A. J , ,
""(Mif Mo'11'- talu no o( C'tlondlllj Inti lite
Kirmu m1s lluJI h ai Kalmnubm uM oUtlfi'!! llir
lllr11,.,. tf/111' Y'llf'1 Au4r-liUij] .. (.'Jwull tqr'ff;iWI.smr.il
DIMrir end tmd . o ROlOi._ THit/altt-
Kirant ovrttt i.t1 wnling lh NIWI' .. Dhcf"-tllt,"' Ifill hill MS$t.
Ill., ltttw .. 1
1
'
condition. Kan.auj wu under th.e rule of Sihanu, .son of
Ra111l.t.t i\fftiUI wt,-nt to hi(o and representt.d "Ch.at.h,
ton of Silu.ij, is dt:td, and his brothcr 01andar, u monk
(nr/Jib}. hu Juccecded him. He iJ a devotee (natilt), and
his whole day b OUpicd In the i tudy or his faitb with
other rdigious in the temple. Tt U to WTtJ.t
the kingdom lrod'l. 1 jou bb terit.Oriet l'trld
place them under my will pay a and send
1t co your treuury."
Th4 nnnattr of Silianu
Siharu taid to Matta, "Chacb was n. gre-.e.t.
. bad extwivc under his sway. A he b dead.
J wi.ll bring hito t)OUCUions under my own rule, if I take
them. '1'1tey wiJl {orm a gre.u nddition to my ldngdom,
and I will appoint you over One of I heir divUion,_" Si.ha
ras then sent JUs brother BarhJJ .tOn or Ka.saiJ. The rou'
o( the daughter ol the great Chacb,. who ruled over K.a.sh
mil :a,r,eect to join him, and they prooec
ded with ll1w annJcs ull they re:u:hed the or tbt:
Ha.d. where they encamped. The agcnu and ofllco of
Chandar. who wtre. atiU in the Cort of Deo, fled. The in
v"dtrt l(IOk_ pl:ace, :1nd advanGtd on their journty tHI
they n.rrivtd at .81Wd Kabuyt. whe1to tbey for one
month. 1nd the worship of .Budb. They $Cnt a
w1lh .a lttter to Cba.ndar to induce him to come.
w;l)eJus submiuion. and .-ue tor protection. '
Chandor re{Uits, 1trengthcn1 hitnJelf in the furl, and
prtJirtfts to fight. .,
Sihoru scndJ 411 cmbony to Dahir, sop of 'Ghadr.
I '
.. tTAh',. cr'l,.}; rtOiff.l.r c&illt titu1 iM /11,
Clfl lablt3 J th1 }\ltft4flj dytWUf.rJ (TMnul' JJ. ZS&.)
Ct>u1f'lll l 1 ol .. ls' lf'tlbpfriJI .fCI1!U
u t/11 by 1111 CMm K.i,.g of
Cmlrnl /ltd-.. M1 ilwlt t.\.1! l1t111 Hll.l1it.t Siltur.J uJJJ Bln',a
$tr4 wdglu IIU'Uv 111 eillf/01fflkd tl;!llt '"""""' in Pn-rill"' l#lw.t ...
Tills, is wry It t's Mt tr.li.t#lj tJ,.(JI r/K lrl!*_u
t1j 4Um,- fiiAtT a nd fiCWn'' l.laolt t,M gft'41 K41'1'1i!j /..t rJf,. .i lf
le.Md, PtNWil'l at ltW .-y l .u jnlftiN/ tM:u /
I( osltJJclr mid R411$GI. )
1" B.l
I U.n'QIUANJ OV 1J11tD
CJuwda:t stu em tl.e throne of Cllac.h
Chand:u- to dte govc.mowU
1
and hi$ $Ub-
jects cnjor.d com!ort. and the oountry wns govaned tin:oly
ilur.intt h 1 rei:gn, which lasc.t'J [or SC\'tn ytll.rl. He died
in thci enahth )'t!ll..l', ami DahW' tAt on the throne oJ Alor.
Raj, lOll of Cbandar, atabl lllted hintaell at
bur did not ma.fnutl.n hi.a goteroment for more tlta11 one
year. Arter that, Dhardy:a, 6<111 (J/ Clutch, took poucuion.
or nra.hm.anabad and tu$ sblc::r ]J.ai ... \'111 Crfendly and
obedient co him. .Ohaniya the <b.ultbter o
iJ1 mllrrlgc. He remained :at nrahmanalnCl yean, :tnd
issued h1l: ordm to the neighbouring chief,. who acknow-
ledged his authority. Dha11iva rct.idcd Cor 50me time :at
Lhe tort oi of which' Chacb had lald the rounda
tion, but did not live tO sec completed. When Dhauiy:t
had finbhed the worb, and coUecttd ithllbit<ln(ls for tf1o
the town Crom lhe place!i in tbe neighbourhood. and when
i.t ,y:.a well pOtlul:ated, be caUl h Rawar, and returned to
'H.mhmanabad, 1tnd lirmly cttablbhed himself In the
Government.
lhrl (Main) is .nmt lo tflor for the of hting gfvtn
in marriage ro the Icing of
When Dharsiya Wlb rellet(ing one that his sintr
had arrhtd at a marriageable a.ge. me1,en,ien UTived from
tt king or Buia. in dlC country or to de-
mand her in marriage. Dha11iy:. although hen wM rhe
elder bTother, gave hel' aJlrincely dowry, and &etlt hc:r with
5C'\c:o h1.111drtd hone an five hundred loot to Dahjr, re
commending him by lcncr to marry her co the king of
Bhatia.u wtio had atipul.ued th.at he &hould re-ceive 11 tort
her marriage poro.on. The lfiC$5erigerJ Wt iH to Alor,
and ronai:Ded t here one: mouth. (Ht:re follfJw an aount
of Dahir marrying btCGu.te lr w41
t.Juu h.u.nbarui r.oulJ. b& Jdng oj R(nd o.11d Sln.d, 11.11rl
t!tc r,OnWl:i lilflrlJC4$tl brolht:rs m cnnuqu&ntw.)
RaJ Da.b.it receives lnformadon.
Rai D:lhJr goet; to an astrologer to ucertaln the fate
o the Jjner.
pn:dictioru o( tlae a.strol.r;,
of the mininu, wilh Rai
Ingenuity of Dudhinlan, the minhtct.
Atnd$ ::. letter tO Dhaniya.
DbarSiya receivCJ the Jetter.
DJ.hJr tends a.nother letter to Dbani)'l.
Dhaniya marches to Alor to Kitt Dlblr.
Endeavours of Dhaniya ro uke ))ahir pri&oncr.
Dllhir asb advice !rom his mi r)ister.
Dbn.nra entas the on o! Alor on 11.n dc:phant.
Dahlt U inCormed o( the death o Dhlni.)--a.
Tile burning of Dhlriya'' body.
Jhir gotl IO Bt(l/unatt.abad.
Dabir remaJncd one yur in Brahmanabad, in order
to reduce the ne.ighbourlng chid... He Amt for the son or
a.od o:eat.:d h im '"kindly. He tliCI'l wem t(l Siwi6
ta.n., and lbence to du: fort .Rawar.ll oi o,vbidt his father
Cbo.ch had laid the foundations$ but tbe worU were noc
completed when ho died. J.Je remained .dtut .for 'olne
til))t, and ordered that the fort be fiJ)i$ll.ed. He
remaii1td tllm:: during (our bot months, ror it is 11.
place and hu an a&roeable clfmate, 1Dd he wed
to rem:a.in dwing tbe !our cold and dark mooths at Drab
manaba.d. He bia thne i_n tb.it .waJlfi.C' {or ejg_bt
ye!art, duri n1 whith dme he be(amC ()Onfinned. and gmc:
rally J:'!XQgtltt:c:d d.h his dominion ln Sind and liind. -The!
c:hJe1 or lbma.l became aware or hia wta.lth both in
autt: and d.epbants.
58
The c.Mt:fs Ram(ll come to fight fl.lith R4i Doliir
TIe chiefs adv:mocd with a l.at;c :and powerful arm)'
of horse and loot a11d war-e.leph,mt. "'fl1cy came. by w.ar
Dudhiya, to t hr. town (rOsla) of Ra.war, and conquered
ll, nnd pauec:l on from thence co Alor.
. . . . .. . .
Mtthttrmn<rd 'AIIafi..., (an I.IJ'#b mtt'nary,) got.s agahut tilt
chr'eft of RAmal
Mulwntnad ' All:l!i, an A:rub of the .Bani Anmat, who
had lt.illed 'Abdur Ralmtan so1t o Alh'ab, Cor having run
;Jwily rom battle. ca.me to join DahJr with five hundred
Arllbs.

'Allt6 made a night aua.c:k on, the O'OOf)l$
With ht!i five huncJ,ed J\rnbs 1md wos.mors o HUid. and
!ell upon them on all four sides with a treat $bout. and
killed and <:apturcd 80,000 W!lrr!ort ana IUty eleph.anu,
besides honea and a.mu innumerable fell inro cht.it h:tnds.


Dahir then lold ;tMI jm.JicioJl mioistt:r to n,k
a f;hoUr. ' the minister replied: '1 hAve no son who will
carry down my name to ponerhy. r :rJ.utst, therefore.
that orden may be givtn to h.avt! my name uamptd on tM
&ilva coin o f t.be real.n, &O th;tt my n:lme bei:ng ( Ill one
lace, $1nd the kin( orl lht other, it will not dtcn be or.
gotten in Rind and Sind," Oa.h.ir ordered that the minit
ter's wiah Woul d be co.mplitd with. '
Chronology : EliJlaty of Ft'J'd Four Kllali{u
"rhc history of the four fint Kbalifas Mu'awia biu
Abu Sufian. Stnnan bln Salma bin Cburul Hindi,
Ras.hid bin 'Uma:rul Khir.ri. Sannan bin Sa.lma. ruoven
the Ct.wernment. Munt ir bin Har<ud bin Basha.r. llak
kam bin Mun:r.i r. 'Abdul Malik bin .. '1'110
' Albfil, e:tc. bln Sabr bin Yuid bi.n Huui k.a.
WaJid bin 'Abdul Malik bin Mann.n. Account ot the
( Till.Jll of 8. JIS. A. afrtwJ.t bu _.'AilaAI".]
59
pl't$tOI$ to tbe KhaiHa (rom Hajjaj 'ends.
;1 to the lnfidet H:ajja obr.ain$ ptn11ia
don to leave tlu: Capital. .Budai! \U en martyrdom.
'lm.aduod din .Muharnrn1d K.adm bin Abi 'AitiJ
F{ajjaj writMie.uen to the Capita.l and Syria. Hajjaj read'
the KlnJLba oo friday. o( Muhammad Ka&i:m.
The 21T.nf 2UTivcs at Shlra:t. MuluurunaU l(atiol lnrivet at
M.akran. Uarun wlch Muhmnm.ad Kasjm. The
mmy marc:hes from Armabel. The orders of R:ajjaj reach
The Arllh army maket'l preparadoru,..
nnd Hajja,j' orders T he RJ:gSt"ft of the of
Deb4\J b knocked down by a mansonel Budbiman como
to Mubamnu.d Kadm, 1nd recciva a prornbc: of protcc-
t.ioo. A fi.Ctl1 pordon of the booty i n .slaves :md c:oh\5 is
set aside. 1' he of l)eb:al is rtporter1 to R;ti Dahir.
Tbe letter of R.a.t Dahir. ..Cbe reply of Muhammad J(nsim
to Rai Dahir.
Mu)utmmad Ktul,n fwoutNJs lo Ninm n/l ton
quest of D11bol
Hi, torinl5 b);vt rcbted, upo1\ the authority of .Banaua
bi1\ J<al:lbi, Lh.1t llfte.r the conquat oDebal, ,.,bcrc
great pll.lr,der wa.s Muhammad Kashn ordett.d the
m.angondt co be placed on boats. 01ttd went tow:an.b the
fort ot Nirun. The bo:us went up the nn:am which they
(lltU Sindh Sag:n;u but he him.selt took the road of Siaam,.
and when lu: arriv-ed thtil'e, he l'euivtd Hajjaj' an,nYu tb
the announQtmc:nt G( lhr: victory. ,
Tlu: of Hajfolj lt> Mu.hAmm4d Xulm ..
tfn ac&ount D( tht inhabr't41HJ i>f Niru.n a:
{ffim HtM
rolice tb.at Abu La.U Ttmiml says, on the
aulfJority AJc.a.bn Salamt who 1..coompanied
MubJJII.Dlad K.asim. tbrn a(ter lfic; Car;wre of Deba.J, Muh;
mmad Radm procccded co the: foi't 0 Nirun, the i.obabi-
Utnu C)( which had provided themtelves with an ordtT o
H:Rjjn.j nt the that the of the AnO
bad been defeated, s.bd Bttlal h:ad betn killed, and they
($" i11 1J., '4-ts.' 1). . luu "'WII'Itilkf IUg4ltG."J
60
U.l.fl'OalA:N$ I))J &lND
ha.d agreed to pay a tribute. He anivt;!cl :.l Nitun, which
is cwcnt)'5vt par.u1.ngt (rom Oeh:ll, in six da)'l. On the
seventh da:y he enc:u_ nped _on a meadow near Nirun_. whldJ
h called &lhar,"' on the land oC Baru:l and the wau:ra or
the Siltun"" Ml,bra.n had not yet' r uched it. Tile II.On)' wu
)>arched with thint, and Muha.movul to heaven for
rain, and it reH, ttond fillod till lbc tti'en.ms and Jakes nc3.r
the d ty.




sends confiJU"Jinl m&<s.tlnccrr Lo Ni'ftU'I
The Sa.matti, t},e GovcmQT of N;nm, CQnltl ro pay Ills I
rupccu lo Muhammad and brings fmtscnt 1

Muhamtnad Kuhn buill .Ill Ni.nm a mosque on tho.
site o the teJJ.'It)Jc of Uudh, aml ordered prayers co be pro-
elu.imcd ju the MuhnmaJadan falhion, and appointed an
lmw. A{ccr remaining there .omc daya. he prepnred tQ
go to Siwiatan, which u aituattd 011 an eminence to tbq
WC!!'l or lhe Mlhrnn. He deterrni ucd to conquer t he 1\hole
country, a.nd aru:r the C2pt:urc or SiwUta.nl (0 lhe
tivtr, and proceed against ' DahiT. C'.OO gnun thitC Ws rt
aolution be- fUlfilled I
Th(l expedr't;on to Sin#Jt"n
After Muhamuud Ka.sim had Cttled :.fTn.irt 1U Ninm,
he equipped hi s army, J'llld ' ' nder tbe 'l'idance of tbe
Samnni cook it townrdf Slwi.sta.a. He amvcd by
!Jtaga :tt a place called Ba.braj,& chiny lrom
Nli'un. There also w.u a S:amani, who wu d:tid of the
rtst or the Jn the f OI' t the II(JJ.hew o( Dnhir
wiU go ... crr"'Orl hil rr:wK' wu Bajbnt, the son of Chandar,
All the Sa.m:mls uJCmblcd and Jcnt a to Dajbn
1
saying, we tre ntulk de\'oteet. Our rtUgion il one o peace
[BitloAor' i ll 8.)
fSihunJ:"'" IN '""' l.l\ t (J tilt Jt ltf'U JIOJ"' 6/ 1he
I i1 IUtd lllr.: <md tdttU'Iif.trt u t1
tlvu . T" MriAihtmttN/1111 u'f'ittft t/1$ lt:rrn
tlw lttdl1.1t tA1 ,..,., btU!g llu dtot rivtt fl/ 'in(i1"-l
"ISo I" A., &til NS. B. lttu Moj,_ "":nj, )
I
61
and quiet,. and slaying is prohlbited, n.s well
:u. all tindl or aliedcling oC blood. You are saun: in a
toRy pbce, while we arc open c.o the invuions or the
enemy. ;utd Hable ((J he Alain and plundered u your tub-
!
ecu. We know tbut Mlh.anu:ru,d 'X1U.iJt1 holds a Cum:m
rom Hajjaj. tO gn.nt protection to every one who den\a1HI$
it.. We uu.u, tlitre:Cort, that you will consider it fit and
thnl "'e make terms w_ it.b him, Cor the Arabs
are faitb(lll. .amJ k'eep tl,ei:r ngretJuenu. Bajhra rdU&td
to liJten to them. l\fuhammad KMim scr.&t 11pies. to ascer
mi n wheth.tr tl\t d titen$ V.'1'C uno.nimous or
They report\ thr.t somo am\td men were ouuicle the foJt,
aod prcpad to fight. Muh:uumad Kui.m oppo-
Jite the p te leading to the sandy because tht.re w a&
tO :auack. him there. a' the inundation l1ad
risen on 11COOtlnl o the rain, and the rlver Sindhu Rawa};4
ftowcd to tbe uotc.h o t he &elected ground.
B11ttk fotlgllt at Siwi.Jton
Mub:unro:.d Kasim o:rde:red the to be pr t--
J)IU'Cd, and the .figbt wo.. COfl\menced. The Samani prt-
vcnc.ed their dllel rrom fighting, told him ttut the
Muhammadan army was not 10 be overcome by him, Mild
he would not be able co oppoae it. He would be merely
placing hi Hfe IUUI property In danger. When be
not li.lu:n to the advice of llis t objects, the Sam:mis sent
lhi.s mwage u, Ka.sim :-"All the
fa.rmen, and tradumcn, mercba.nu, a.nd the Jowc:-r cfanet
hate &jh,.., and do not hjm aUegianct,, 1HC! doa
not possest any .(orcc wit.b \Vh.ieh be ean oppose you, or
give b:mli.'' Muhammadan anny wete uupircd wi tlt
grea.l coiitage on the :and fOught day
a.nd night Ofl tbe $ide or Muhammad ltlshn. About a
week after, dtc besiegro ttoppcd Balhra
knew that the for was about to [:aU, he Cllmc out &om th.e
nMiltr.m gate
1
atthC! tirtlt wheo ll:ie wo:ld wu veiled in
darlt!lt$$. the ther, and fled. He continutd. hb
Right lill he rc-aoh,ed, lite bCH:UHl:u- .,. (lr( Budl:\iya. r!l those
sqy.1 Jlfjf SiMb tN Rlttt'4l .1hd. B. ff(l sirtd/1 liar
uwu.vl.J
62
day.t the ruJar or Dudhiya territory w;e.s Kd.1, son of
Kotal, a S:an.uni. His &tron.gllold wu SiSIIm. on the banks
()( llle Ktunbb.. The people of lSudhiya and the cllie& o(
.t.ltc liu.rrounding pJtctt: c::ame to retdve lb.jhra, and allowed
him to encamp under the fon.
S'wistm' is takffl lmd /Jc.jftra flia ,
najhra went away, and the tJtad,e .sul)o
mU6-0n, MuharumiLd K.as1m entered the !on Df Stwutan
ancl P\'C quaner. He appointed bb runctionaria: tO db
<.hafltC the civil dutiu ot the tctrltory, and brought t.bo.
neig"hbouTing places under his rule. He toOk the gold and
.'liivt:t whtre\'et he (()llnd it, lllld IIIJ)propriate() ;!.)[ the iil
ver, jcweb. and cah. llut be did not take anything !rom
the Ssmanb, who had tnlldc ternu whh him. He gave the
their due, ..nd b&vlng deduac.d a fifth part of tho
whole, dcljvertd il to 1.he treAsurer of Hajj-nj, an(l wroce a
report of victory ro f:bjj01j. He "l'Jrohucd R.awats
tl1ere. He tho sent ihe plunder and tlte sl.i:ves to him. and
he hJmsel! Jtopped at Siwl.lun. T"WO or thret days a!tt.t
he: h:td the li!th patl, and distributed to tbe army
their slain. be prottedcd to fo.rt of Sham, nnd the
people or l5uclhlya and tJe chid. or Siwbtan rose up to
light. Muhammad Karim martbed with aU hil Ioree, t11'
<tJ11 cbe! garr-ison, whlcl1 was t'lar.ed undew: che IJfficer kit
in Siwitan, and W.ightcd tlC'& pluce caUtd NUhan,M on the
banb o( tb.e Kuinbh. The inhabitanu of the vldn1ty were
aU infidc:b, who :wc.mbled. aJ &OOn :a&: they &aw
thf! Muhammadan army, and c:Tetermi,ltd 1.0 tnak.e a night
attack on it, aud disperse lt. '
The inrtrtJ.itw of lht chil/1 with KtJ!ca
The c:hicb or Bud.h went co KJ.b Kotal. The nnu
of Budhlya are deacended hom Au. They had originally
come lrom the banks or the G-anges., rrom a eallecl
Avn.dbl).f.'
1
They COlSulttd with ]Jjm, ltttd satd that they
h1d to make a nighr anack on the army .
.,. ('Wi4JIOJ1
11
U. JIS. D. ' '
ti lum'Wy i hiilhU. .,. tile Ghllfi'P llt alln.Vd t'o. LA. i;,.
o!ft/a,uJiwr .flO }(MI. Bft.u till Tlu o,. ,, I'IJ
boW:I IJ11 ;r9r4HUI, Glfl tht ' lillnt /JtJKdltar i# JtHiibl,
Df8thih.ar. CPnwl C .. ll11i!!f'111llll tlu&l ''DntldW.Ur6 nr
\
,
Th< r</>11 of KU.
Jtab l"'' ..,. ooannplisb ... n and _good:
bu1 lbt bahlils and mcmb ha\-"C tol4 me. acc:ontii:Jg to
thti boo4 WI lhia counuy will be oooqu
cml by the Mu.b.atnmad.a.n an-r.y.'" He pbc:ed chftl,
whotc: name: .., at their hnd. and made Jirt& to
tht aoldkn.. "'!hac were one thousand bnve: 6sbhnr mm
undtr the command or thlJ chid. They wuc aU arml
wftl1 awordi. &htcld.t, jndiru, apea.ra, :md dJAAtra. When
1hc army ot the day t1td fur fear o 1he lta:lom ot
the nfghl, they mn.rcltc:d with the intention or .nnkfng their
night attack, At they the army or the Anb,,
they mlf.MI(I!he 10ad, and wer-e wa.nderlng about J)ft'plcxed
all che ni,tt Crom eveni> UU 'Ther were di vi-
ded into [Our bodiet, the one mou advanced dd oot keep
up A annmunJcation wh.b that wblcb wu ln the tttr, nor
dod lhlefl comt In JJgh1 ollhe but lher ktpt
ro,in1 about in che When liftM up_ t.btir
hnd Wq round thc:rruch'a round thC fon o( Sl.am. ...
Wben the dutnca of ni&IU was expelled by the n,b, ol
tbo kiDJ ol the &Wt, the)' mlntd the and !Did cbe
hole to Xab Kota.t. .sayi.nr llut this thtir
p.lan had not PfP''\"d auccmt"ul. Kaka Mid. " You k.now
luJJ wd1 tlut I am ramou.s for my detamlnadon and
counge. I hJ.VC achlevtd m1ny ttltcrpr:!Je:t at your htad,
but in the boob or lhe B_udh$ tt i'l p.rtdic.ttd, 11p011 amo-
tos:iclll that Hioduntm be rttk.cn by the
and 1 ai!IO bclieve that thh wiJI come to
pw."
K4Jca Kotal gotl lo Multommad Kuim U!iiJI JJomma, 1on
And' ntbmiu to him
Xab whh hh foUowcn aM friendt went to chc army or
W AnbL. \\fhtn tw: had gone :a little d.4unce, DttaJU,
-- ,...,., lw 1M ;J.u It V .. 4t c-,q,
..., tAt I rAt 8fll Tril..t Cftwll _, rAt
1.-JI'r -t llU of IM ,_,.,, ..J tAt #fw!A .,. tltu.l /rM
l..VA-.....c"'*"".-'-flflli7Har .... .. ,., turt
Su .U. TaWt '
llt tllfO#t JICttl' tttllt4 .. L#lt NOICdikr
J11 ..ot ,;., 14tt" 6 tit K....Jrt TAt tHfd .. ., ..,,.,,., ._
.kt l/1 GJIIiJI#IW K..t -.... .c.b ... J
61
ton of whom }.fJhammad Katim had tent CD
rOQ'IInMiu-e the- mtmy, met him and cook bJm to M\&ha.m-
mad l.aina. Whm be ot:r:aiDtd the honow of
before Mulwnau.d Kasim. .his hb atit-
aod hiw him
aU about cbc: Jab c:o::nin WJASC him with the fntcntfon of
m.UJns a nl&l':'t auatk. Jnd of thdr U'uc:bc:rO\IJ .KMm.es.
abO uld that W Almi,hty God ml.llbl lhem in their
w-ay, .tO that ther were wlJidedug aabout che whole nigbt
in darkndt l ttU dwgrin; and cllat the: aJtrologen and
ae:dlble pcnona or till oounay haCi round out by their
CJIIcU!JtlonJ or the u.ara that thi$ counrry wouhl bC tall:eo
by the Muhinumul:an. onuy. had "lrtlliJy seen lhh
n1iracfto, ttnd he W'U JUre tbu h W1J t.ht WIIJ Of Cod. a.ad
that no device or fraud wouJd enable Lhecn to wh.b&Ul1d
the: Mu.hammad.ana. "'.Be flfm undu all draaoaunctt,''
&aid ht, " and ttl your m.i.rrl at eue. Vou w;H 0\'UCOmC
lhtm. 1 make my tubmiJllion to you. aM. 1 wlU be your
<OUruc:llor. and uWt you 0 me o:cent of my P.OW'U J
wW be 1"'!' suJ<!t In d wbcMO& ,.,....
Wuhamnua KatUn had hti.rd ,_u bt' bad
to aay, he pni)td the- &m'' Cod. and in l'-\'in.1 thanb
placed hb lic:ad upon the e:-tnh. He comlortccl KW and.
hiJ dtpcncbau and followa1, and promi#d hlm proteo l
tion. lre then asked hlnr. "0 chie( nr Jfifl.(l, whac lS your
mode of bc14.owl ur Jootr.t ?... l<.1tb toid, .. c,auling
1
aeat. am.l lnvadnr wilh a. prmcnt of 1llk, 1.nd tying a
turb:ln round the head. It b the cunom of our r
and o! the JnL S(un.tnis.' When Kah had l1h'Uied him
with the ... n the dlie:(s anti heAd men of aur- j
.-oundhJK pJICI::J wiled to submh lO tum. He t.lbJ>dlcd the
fur ot lhc Arab army from tbc: mlnc!J of thOJe who offcced
.tU.eaUnce:, and btoui:bt thole to wbmiu.lon wbo were ini
m;oilly dlopooed. ' Abdul "'" ol D.... !
mud. was appointed hU IU:utcnanc 10 punish all J
.and rnolu:n. KUa plundoed a peopk who wc:rc wnltby.
and toot &Duc.b booty in Cloc!u. alavu. a.ncl
1'1'8in. to that Ctl'fl& Bah wu plentiful In 11M: camp.
kuUD, ha...Wc o:rfched ffOm thou pia', ClJue
co the ton ol Sinm. Tb.(r( he fourtu for two days, and
(TAU INffl# It lfOifNI l" A. """.,..;;,. 1lrtl,attfliiiM'- lA 8.1
c&J DifltM hitO .;jctory . . ThC fled, and Baibt.i
bin Ghanaar. unt.fe or DahJt,oo itld iDJny or the ofllctn
ifiil nobJti Who Wett tl.hdb' hia Commind; lou tht.ir pre-
Oous livts. Of t.M: rosl MlriJe nio a'Way far the
ttrrltory ol .Budhly:., a_nd &amt to the fort of
SaJuj :t.nd Ka.ndhibtl. and (rom that pJaoe ioll
cited a written !)iotnite. of prottioll. ThOSe chicl' ftre
&rt6mit!l of Dahir, :md S(ltnc or rhem baU $laio-
btttce lbey revolted from him, and $all ambllla.sadon, and
a.rf'ecd. to pay a U'ibute of one thousand diraliu wdgbt o(
ancf also Jent hosup to Siwlua.n.
Orders qrt rtcciwd trorn Httjj'aj, scm of Ytuuf, to crou
lht Alill'ron, emf A IMulc ;, fought wWr Ddflir
Wherl Kulm had lixed the .several tribultS
Of tbok d'tieh, he ane lhe.m (resh wri HM agrte-
.ncilU for lhc-Jr a ti.s.f:u::tum. Re np\)OintW Kamid.
t(m o Wjda'INI Nnjdi ilnd 'Abdu Kail, or the f-amOy
o[ Jarud. and J.J they were confidential penons hr. e.ntrun-
to them IU the buuntu of tha.t J?lAa"-
Wben he lud Je: off:tilr& or he received
orde:ti from fbjj"j co to some other place; to
returt1 to NirurJ, take mell1UrtJ tO trOSI Llu! lttUua.n, J n(l
fight With D11bfr. He wu dtreacd to ouk Almigluy God
for iUWtancc in mcuss and ((Ul l'}\est: Md a!tc:r
having obtained 1he object al his he wu co
all the roru and plaea throughout the eount ry,
aod Leave none in an uri provided atate. Wht.n Muhomm:ild
Kuim rbd the Carman, and undet1t0()(1 jc,s COrJtente:, he
came to Nirun ttnd trnn.smltced hi.s despatches .
4.ni..,al of Arm; of fht At'ds at Niron.
Ahtr travelling over many he: l{alttd at a fort
which n-.ndt on the hlJJ of Ni.run. Tn dre vicinity of i t
chete b a rtUrVOir, r.hC water of whiCh iJ pUrer than the
eyes o lo\hi. '""li Ure meoulaws or ft arc more dtlighLful
tfum 01e prdens 0( !ram. He l.Ughted there, anff wTI)lC
a km:r to Hajjaj. son of Yu1uL
Multnmnutd Kasim'l lttit:r lO Uaj{aj, 40rl Of
i14ting pmticubw'i
1u the n.am,c of the molt fnetd!ul God. 1.0 lbe most
exalted court of the ltoblest of l.be world, the crown t;t
5
66
reUa:lon, :md protector ol ' Ajam. a.nd Hind, Hajjaj, &On
or the humble urvam Muhamnllld Kaai1n
petiug. After he rc:p.n:kvti t h:&t fritnd,
.with all his officers. J('rvana, :md dlvWons of
c.be Mw.uJm:an army, r. q\lfte well, afbitt .uc gOing on
well, l)nd :1 oontinuance ot h.a.ppineu is attained. ne it
k:nown to your brigh.t. wisdcm d M, aJ(cr tr!U'el"$.intf
and making dangerou3 matthes.. J anived in the: territory
of Sind, on Lbc banb of the Slbun, wbith 1J called 1\oilhra.o.
part o t.he territory l'ob.ich is around Dudhlya, and b
opJ)0$1te the fort .of :Sagh; ur (Nirun), on Mihran,
ii t!tk<:n. Thil Cort Is i.n tbc country ul A1or, whlch bc.'-
longcd to Dahlr bl. Sonc of dtc people w-ho n:sincd
hnve bet.n mkcn ptUoner&,. .1nd the reu thtoUAh tear have
Otd 11way. M 1h.e order& or Amir were
received,. directing- me to ntum. we h3,'e c.o tlle
tort on the hill or Ni.run. w!lich b very ncar to the cupiuU.
lL is hoped chat with the Dh-ine: utlst11tce. tbc tO)'ll favour,
'll.nd the good fotrmu: o( the exalted prince. the nron-gen
roru o[ tli.c infidels will be cooq11tred. the taken, and
our b"euurie& replcnbhed. forts ot :md
h:.we been already taken. The nc:phew o[ Dabh,
his wan:ion, and prind))al oftictri. have tietr\ detpatchecl.
2nd the infidels convertC'Cl to Ul:u:n Oi" deuro)td. lnattad
or idol templea. motques and otlter of wo1'$hi1;, have
beer\ bqil&., pulpits have bec:n meted. cbe Khulba is read,
the cull to p.ntyers is nised, &o that devotioN are pcr(orm-
ed a.t the no.u:d boun. Tlee takhh and praise tb the AI
1
1)ighty God are offel'(d cvtry mornius: ond evening.
.. . . . .. . .
The reply of lia./jaj it 1'tt\ltd by K;uim.
Muhammad Ka& m heN'S that Dalur ltlu had procd
ed to Nirm\
Muhammad Kasiw does honour to t.b.e Nirun Sam1mi.
Muhammad Ko.shn fightJ Ott rll e OOnkJ or Lhe Mi.h.ran.
Moh bin ni&ay:\ enter' Into tt:rut!; with Muhamm:t.d
K:asim.
8cmmr.a bin H4nmlo. ,.1 srrrl to Multo bin Bil.#yo, QJtd
$eius him and lli1 (ltlendmtll
.. fA. s"ys "CIIIr!tdiP" 6i" Jh.Air." 1)., in ot tN 1111d6 111
D(lhlf'.'")
67
Thl!n bin Kamala "'CD.' with hk tribe a1ld an inta
pm.,. 11u: plooe flldlatcd. .oo ,.;""' Mou bln a;,.ya.u
CCII(c.ba- wftb. JW bmtlr and twoaty wcUknown Tabn.
When l1&naAa him before 'Mubamm,.,t Kaai.m:, ho
val wilh and the COUIItr)'
of &ut wu made tWa to him. and a grant was wntkn to
that cftccc. a.ncl a hUDdrcd wtrc (iw:n <0
blm aJ a reward. umbrdla aurmount_. by a
pt<lcoc:t, a c:hAir, 111nd a robe of honour were beuowtd upon
him. AU hi.s .r.bJ, were favoured whh Tbbn 111 nd h dt.l.J.l
hol'ltt. .HUtorb.na lh.a.t the lirn' umbrella of
Ol' chld&hfp, which he was t hi.t to Mok. At t.foki'4
he g:ave the htud all the town" fieltb. and
dtpen.dencie- within the borden or to him ud bU
ancl h.avlag tntt:red lnto Grra LTC:lt7 wjLb
bJm. hfm lO mllttt boats.
Mllhti,.,.., K.srm J.tndJ o Syrian Amhun.,. tid
Mu.lit,.. 1114tm to D4Atr.
rad n.Air
When tMy ame co Dahi.r, Ma.utana Waml. of T>tbal,
did not bow hit he:ltl, or male any (,p ol revtwtnce.
rtqnit.cd and ute<l him why he the
uwal retpectf"l and iC any one had
thrown obstadtt in bh way. The Mullna or De:ba.l
repUtd, " Whet, r wu yonr tsubJecr it wAs risllt of me to
o6terve the rule. uf but now rhac l "JD
\'IU"ttd, find IUn 1ubject tO lhe li"' or hhun, It canuot be
t:Wpected that I abould bow my head to an l.nfidel."
l>ihir ta.ld, "It you were oOt an amNila.dor. t would
punbh ,.ou with de:u.h. The teplltd. ''tf )'Oil
kliJ me ar wiU be oo Jfftt Joo to W Arabi: but they will
.... .,. mr <ko.lh, and <X>c1 lhc p<rutlty &.>111 )'OIL"
" (Cll<f of In' Mnd,J- .... S.UM, V' ........ n,-
ls Ifill i. OrV.. M NatJIIflr,)
- (/ - - lf tllil " - ,. Tluolo.-1, .. ,. """-
-l wd ,_ tilt Wut I .a,_, -.. A ltlnlt .O.W, J
ltJ, All" Ill AW. ,_.; ll w.t .,,_,.,.,,, 1
/HI ui.Jtn ... ,..,_ 16 .. ,....... r. "'""" ,w,, ;, 11 tutd
.,.. .,;'" pl:-tf1ft a.d uWu (-.& 16
iilalcvr.)
68
The Syrian d8clarei the objut or hi" (Ois!i.on.
D:lhir OO!Uu1u with Slsotbr,M c.hc minister.
'Allan oWen advice to Da.hir.
t The a.inbauadon return tb K.aJlln wHb
the answer o( Dahir R.ai..
M1thu.mnwd kalim rtceive.<J a.n OTdtr from Hajjaj.
Muhammad Knim informs hU ItienW of Hajjlj'l
order&.
Rai Dnhir arrhes at tJ,e b:mb o( the Mfhmn.
A i.J .dahl.
Mus ab gou to Siwbtan.
)aisif'.L, son or arrivt.s at the tort or Bait.
'fbi 'Dahir rhe infidel &ends 11 mewge lO Mubamlrtnd
Sarlti6.
Uyar rctutnt to Raijaj from Muhammad K:uim.
1lajjaj Jenda twc hones tO Muhunmad
lC.:1$irn.
Mulanim:)d K:uim the order$ of Hrtjlnj.
Hajjaj tends tome vinegar to Muhlltn.lllad kUint.
The ordert, o( Raliaj reach Muhammad Kuhn on the
wttter n bnnk or [ht 'f{iJU-an
.Rai J)ahlr confers with c.be his on
Muhammad Kashn's preparnt.ont Cot am:siui llc J'i\'tr.
Muhammad Kuun prcparci to aou to the en.Jteru
baJJk witlt hi$ :.rO)y.
Muhammad Kllim bad determ_intd to crou. and was
apprehensive lest Jla.i Dllbir might come 111 the o
the Mi.hun with hi army, and oppose tbc tnw.sit.. He
ordered S:ulnitt)an bin Tih:an KuralJhl lO advance boldly
witl1 tw U"OOp5 agaifiJL the ron. in order lhat Fufi,tO
o[ fu.h{r. $hould not bt: able to join hi.J rothu. Sulaiman
1_u:xordingly went >Ah.b 600 honemt'l1. He ordered nbo tll e
.. Ad)a to l"uch J.be ro.ct "i1h !00 men. by
'fhi<!> m;gh< b< CXJ!'C!Clj lO adyon, In order lO
ocrrn- Capdn ., .00 be Ordered the SamanL who w.u
cbitf o( N lnaa, to kp OpeD the- TOJ.d for lht tu RJ)Iy of
food toddct cq Lbt camp. bin At.u iabman
wl.t ordctcd 10 c:omrna.nd d;e adqncc K'IJrd. and keep
the rooadJ cleu, He pbet:d N:amamal'f bin ffanu.ta.
In 1he centre with a thousand men : nd qrdertd
Zatwan bin 'Utwan al Dibi with 1600 mM 10 aut.nd C)l1
Mob Dl.t.l)'J. chieJ of Bi.s:lp, dlie or II!Ud llu:
Rht.ri und the j ltt.J of Chp.tni. who had m4t1e Jub-
mi nlon 1md entered t.h.c AAb service, wc:re lOid co
at SaKtra and the bland of Jl,aiL
. . . .
70 HIS'J'OkiANS'OF SU<O
to dig an Vltrc::nchueot round cu.mp, aud tO depotit
the f"'grge there. M ubununad K.ujm tht'n ad-vancf!d
!rom tlte !On of lhJt towards Rawa.r; tUJ he :.rrived a.l a
place called Jc:war" (.Taipur). Betwetu llb'l\r and JCwa.r
(Jaipur) there wa.s 11 lnke,MI on wbicb D11hir had naConcd
a toelect bckty o troops to l'CO'Jn.noltrc:.
Dabir makes a request of Muhammad 'AIIafi.t
answer ol ' AO.afi, and ltis by Dahlr.
Muhanun:..d T(a$i.m r.-.mts 'Alla6 a We pauage.
Oahir con!en with AJiali.
Lcnm pan between Muhammnd Kuhn and Hajjaj.
Da.Mr sends: J:.ili{:.. to reoonnollre.
J.lnt tight w11h t te acourscd Oablr.
Tre.aly of n&il Muluwmutrl /(lltirn.
RasiJ, :deer &bowing mark.ti of respect and offering
promUe1 or lidelity, ""id, ''No c;m oppose the wiiJ of
J\lwighty God. As you h:we bound me by -your obll
gations, I sball alta th4 be :u )'OUr .ervice, and wilt
ne'-er contravene your "''li&hes. I hall o}?ey may
be your ordtri." After a .shore. lime Rasil Jon hh position,
aJHl the managt:roent of the country devolved upon Moka.
Raril a.nd Mok.a agreed in Ol?lnion
1
' :and advired MulL'Un
m:&d K.'lSim to, march. lie accordingly' frow th:tt
pba: and a village which is ci.IJJOO Narani .. Dabir
WliS at f(.ajijllt,n 1.11ey SllW that between them. and
D1lhir' camp that was 2. Jarp;e bke. which wu ' 'ery dJffi.
euh to (l"((SS. R.asif said, ,.May the most jun 1na reli
noble live 1o,1g. It is 1o (:rOM thi.s l:akL"
ltwil obtained a oou. 1md sent three men ucross at :1. time.
till the whole army croiK'd over. :.nd toOk post on a bay.
ltuiJ &ald. "U will advance one aage more, )'OU wm
:V'I'i\e Qaipurl, on the bttnb a( the Wadhawah.1:t
This h .. vmnge JWtab (' {or your enc:ampmeJH :u)tl is llle
"\CaMatOu'"'" ill A. CGJWI.vl!ts B.)
S botll MSS.] , ,
/11 MS. A. tJr4 i1 wriul'l4 jruo,. rM forlt inrtmct, '" tilt
3rrarwl r1fit1W H. Au.f /n.l'4r' ' " tNu. Su /'4111 169.}
0
If l1 .f"'b.ltlfl-'l:t (,Jltll 4IM ''bgi t,"J
Tltil MOMt i& .teroys urlttrlt "'AilaPl" i .. AI$. A.l
" B .. Ka "'o.l. J
"" .. )), J
,
!
11mc d:ittt.n frOm the camp ar Dahir u h il Ctom bt:re.
Tba-e you m.ay attack him bolh in (rotH and tar, and
a\K'.U.UlUUy cnw- iruo his position 1M ocavr tt. ..
Muh.,.m\W l.adm .apprond of &be advice, and rackd
jcwar Oil'"') ond lh< WadhaW>h.
An'h'CI of Mwhammod Ktuim '' }f'ftiM
wu brOught to Rn.i O..hir ch:u Muhlm-
K'alm with the Arab army h1.d m.ched Jewu Uai.
j)Ur), :md when hlt mlnJncr Sbllbr, beard or it. he satd.
'Ala I we <Ue lOlL That place It u lled JaJpur,H or the:
aown o1 'lictOty, itud tt.S the s.t.rmy h:ts that place,
it will be suca:,!ul and victorie>u1," J) nhir .Rai cook
ofl'ence at Lhcae words. The llrc of indlrm.Uon blw:d out
in hi mind. and he a.a.id with angtt, "He hu arri\'ed at
Hindt.rl. (Or it is a place .. htre hi. bonu &haY lie.''
Dahfr ldt the pla, and with precipittion went inco the
!crt o( R.awar. He placed his dq)cnda.ntt .u\d balt*Ce
in the Co. c. add b.ioudl wan out co a plaot wh.k:b ..,
ditt:ance. from the An.bc. D.ahtr lhaa u ld to
1.11 "'I Rz:ht to-eby: tdl rM in what pU't
ol chc: tbC' planet Venus it. and ctku1.tte wh.ich
or the cwo armlu lh.aU be aucccuful. and wb' wfll be the
t KUlc ...
nflllt! AJtrolOf tt
Alter lhc t.Otn)mta.tion, the n.urologtr rcrlfcd,.-"A6-
cording to tht' cMiculllltion, 1hc victory bt 1.0 dw!
Arab umy. bcc:au.e Venus it behind hlm llnd Jn lro1l of
you.'
1
RaJ l)&htl' waa a.ngry on hearing tid&. 'the a.stro-
tQctr lhtn ... Be not angered, but Order a.n lm or
Vcnu.t co be prqwed ol s-?ld:'' 1t wat Jl\llldt, 111nd W:feutd
to hb in aider that Venw micht be behind
him., and: be ble viciorioul. Muhammad K.uina drew
nNrtr, and the intcv.al br:twun both um1u wu oal)'
hall a -
r.r;-aJ
tt u (6.1 lnv IH '"'"" CAWw &t
TIU :....... i4 ....n .. , /rAJw',
fHJdbl,rf (ro- ba6d!, ct Htwr MS. B. ,...,_, .W f , Lk
P11 J:#lobl,.,) ,
1<
or the seeond <Jay.
D .. lr &ghu the third qay with tlje Arab army.

of tho <lJ>)'
Jo'i t of the fitlh day.
e amy of the [lf!llY ol I!IJil
Muhammad Kulm Sa.l:.Ui reada tbc:
Muh:u)lJUad K:ujm exhor1 hit
TJu: Arnb anny cbllfJC!S l11c Jnfidt:l$,
Shuia' HabJhl bC'comct a martyr.
Mu&.amma.d Ka.dm clu.rge& in the D,fMt: or God.
"J'/rn UTSCd J)abJ'r it $.IQ.in
ff.j.Storians have related th.at W;U. 1lain at the
fori Q{ a.l on TbUJ'S(by, the lOth of R:llnJ<'l:
ttU), tp the yc:af ?l ()une, 712 A,u.). Abul H.llSa.n
UP?n :authott9' Abul Lab HindJ, "'ho beard it from
that wlic.n the anp.y of Islam made. che anact-,
o( the inlld"el sltain, arose. ufgp
l!=n. and QMir h froJJl his owu fo(:J.
jle
1
' j:omc l)m,er : I .m here." 'fl)e
raistd their vqicac' ::ntd Aid, (o arc four
nomfn, jOto hands ilnd
IfF P.l'hlr "J h)'P llS )'C:I, wflo
tou ?" So sayUut. he urged liis elephant the
Murulma.n army. "'Muhamm3d Kasisu told the. na.phthll
throwerS that the opportunity was theirs, and ... powerful
man. in obedience to dlls direc:doo. $b(l t his n2phtfia arrow
i nio Dahif's hqwda, and set it on fin:. Dabi.r orderec.l his
elephant drivtr 10 tum back, ror tbt: elephant WIU tllir.sty,
aml the howda waa on fire. The heeded not h.is
dri\'er, but dtubtd low tl\e wnlt'r, and in spitt! of all the
cffotu of the man. rrfuxd to rum back. D3bjr 1.1\e
drht'l wtre carried Into che rolling waves. S<.nut o( tlu!
into the water with them. and stood
upOn lhc: banks. .,vheu the boNemen ctm.8
tliey fled. After the ekphant bad dr1.1nk. he w:an\ed
co return to the fore. The Muham1nadan archns phe(t
lhdr ant\ a rajn of arrows feU around. A tli.ilfl.Jl
bowmlln aiqted an o:rrow, whlch Dahir in the brc:ut
'
'
(bf< dil). n4 he ldl dol! iD th hq-cb po hb lacc.
1'fle: eiCohau then c:a.me out of the W1tcr and charged.
- O( ill< fn&cld> who TenWp<d >me lftmplc<l under
o><l lhc olhcn _., Dahlr 110' d hb
and coq(fonte4 an Aftb; bur lbh Wave rcllow
llrV<t ""I' with nt\1 on !he ..., "'""" o1 hu head.
tpd t to hi" ned:. The Muhammadalu nd int".Uet..
c"kW4 and m.alqcaiucd a deadl1 fight, unt theY rtll.cbcd
lpn of Jhwar. When the lll':lhJnlillll had !tOne
Jnro the wn.Uir found the pta of D'-hir fdl dtsa'ICd.
arpc nd hiO the bo.dr of D"htr under 1J1u
TJ-\111 white t:lepJ\IUI IUrned tow.ufh the army Ot
iu(dt:IJ., Jl fld no U'JOC was lclt.
W\\td by t<atiil\.o
How Udl tl1e w1re: of QJ.hir !,!).en,
Kuim rites an account of the dt:tb of
Oahlr to H'aHaj.
The 1....r 01 Dahlr II !<"' to 'lt'llk.
HJJl ""' do-sJ>.ter In marri to
Ru!m.
lbjJaj ruth the JUuube in tho M"'jld J..U' of ltuiL
ttrwls u J.nnttt to MultarnruAd JC".21sim' account
g[ has V1CUM'")'
:rc of oai.r 'b.i wbo ,..trc onfcd aw"''
CiptiYet,
j11isiya ltltlrl rht fori of R.11tHr ,,..,pnrts co {lghr
'T'he Muorfans ita 1he nanadon that when
J)ahir wai lr:IUe:d, his son and RAni nni T1' (who was
bahlr's $1.6Ler, but whom be had made hi1 wi(e..) went &run
the tort 01 1t11wnr wi1h hii armr, nbtions, and nobJO.
and took refuge: tn J ai.si)'a. wat proud ol hb
.1nd <Ucr!ity, to fi&Jtt. Muham-
A Uifi wu aho with bliD.. When tbt ocwt ol the
death of .Dthir an:ivcd. and that the ""hito tkpbarn was
h.tmmu'llo JWira ""' of Dahir .. ;a tlut he would 10 to
op,POM &1M RAy, aACI acnU a 61ow eq a,-e hi bOnout
ana fOI' h would be no loa u he weft co be ib.ill
Siabr. the nunn.tc:r, ot.ned Wt the ol the prince
1\'lli not good. the kin11u.d been kiiii'Ci, ch amy dclutecl
t.tiS. A. ttill NftMI
'
74 HJSTORJANS OF SIND
and dispersed, and their hearts were averse to battle
through fear of the enemy's sword. How could he go to
fight with the Arabs? His dominions still existed, ana the
strongest forts were garrisoned with brave .warriors and
subjects. It was, therefore, advisable that they should go
to the fort of Brahmanabad, which was the inheritance of
his father and ancestors. It was the chief residence of
Dahir. The treasuries and stores were full, and tbe in-
babitana of the place were friends and well wishers of the
family of Chach, and would all assist in fighting against
the enemy. Then the 'Allafi was also asked what he con
sidcred proper. He replied that he concurred in this
opinion. So Jaisiya assented, and witl1 all their depend-
ants and trusty_ servants, they went to Brahmanabad. Bai
(Main), the wife of Dahir, together with some of the gene
rals, prepared for battle. Slie reviewed the army in the
fort, and fifteen thousand warriors were counted. They
had all resolved to die. Next morning, when it was learnt
mat Dahir bad beep killed between the Mihran and tlle
stream called Wadhawah,11 all the chiefs (Rawata) and
officers who were attached to tlle Rani entered the fort.
Muhammad Kasim, on receiving tlle intelligence, marched
in that direction, and encamped under the walls. The
garrisen began to beat drums and sound clarions, and
threw down from the ramparts and bastions stones from
mangonels and balistas as well as arrOlVS and javelins.
The fort is taken and Bai (Main), the sister of Dahir,
burns herself
Muhammad Kasim ' disposed his army, and ordered
tlle miners to dig and undermine the walls. He divided
his army into two divisions; one was to fight during i.he
day witl1 mangonels, arrows, and javelins, and the other
.to .throw naphtha, fardaj (?), and stones during the night.
Thus the bastions were thrown down. Bai (Main), the
sister of Dahir, assembled all her women, and said, "J aisiya
is separated from us, and Muhammad Kasim is come. God
forbtcl that we should owe liberty to these outcast cow
eaters I Our honour would be lost I Our respite is at
an end, 1o and . there is nowhere any !tope of escape ; let
[Dadlurwah" B.]
,. [Tltis pMsagt is tokiK /rom 13. MS. A. is <minltlligib/t, ]
CHACHNA
1
MA
75
us collect wood, cotton, and oil, for I think that we should
burn ourselves and go to meet our husbands. II ~ ~ y wish
to save herself she may." So they went into a house, set
it. on fire, and burnt themselves. Mu11ammad took the
fort and stayed there for two or three days. He put six
thousand lighting men, who were in the fort, to the sword,
and shot some with arrows. The other dependants and
servants were taken prisoners, with their wives and children.
Detail of the slaves, t;nsl!, and stuffs, which were taken
Jt is said that when the fort was captured, all the
treasures, property, and arms, excert those which were
taken away by }<Usiya, fell into the hands of the victors,
and they were all brought before Mt1hammad Kasim.
When the number o the prisoners was Clllculated, it was
found to amount to thirty thousand persons, amongst
whom thirty were the daughters of chiefs, and one of them
was Rai Dahir's sister's ?al!ghter, whose name w ~ .Jaisiya.so
They were sent to HaJjaJ. The head of Dahr and the
fifth part of the prisoners were forwarded in charge of K'ab,
son of Maharak. When the head of Dahir, the women,
and the property all reached Hajjaj, he prostrated himself
before God, offered thanksgivings and praises, for, he said,
he had in reality obtained aJJ the wealth and treasures and
dominions of the world.
Hajjaf sends the head of Dahir, and some of his standards,
to the Capital
Hajjaj then forwarded the head, the umbrellas, and
we3ltb, and the prisoners to Walid tbe Khalifa. When
the Kb.alifa of the time had read the letter, he praised
Almighty God. He sold some of tho' se da-ughters of the
chiefs, and some he granted as rewards. When he saw the
daughter of Rai Danir's sister, he was much struck with
her beauty and charms, and began to bite his finger with
astonishment. 'Abdu-llah bin 'Abbas desired to take her,
but the Khalifa said, "0 my nephew I I exceedingly admire
this girl, and am so enamoured of her, that 1 wish to keep
her for myself. N'Cvertheless, it is better that you shoulil
"[M.S. B. has ''Ho.m<>."J
pe tjll! wother of yqw ciliJ!Iren." .llY
tperefofe, IOO)t lm. l!1!4 '
).lplC with him
1
bfit 110 clpld wa.s lrom ljeF. 4-fter-
warw, '!nOther letter wa& recei:ved abR!lt the pptlij'p qf the
lo;t qf Rawar. is said ijtat lifter thl! e!fec-
ted, and the affa1rs of the co4ntry 'ere Sl!ttll!p anq . the
r.eport of the conquest had reacjled Haji'li he sent a reP.IY
to the following effect. "0 my cousin; I received yow.- Ji(e
inspiring Jetter. 1 wa.s much pleased a.nd overjoyed 'when
i t reached me. The events "\Vere recounted in an
and beautiful style, and 1 learm that the ways and rules
follow are conformable to the Law. Except that you
g!ve protection to all, great and small alike, and make no
between enemy anc;J friend. God sar,s.-Give no
guarter tO Infidels, but cut their throats." 'Then know
th'!t this is the command of the great God. You should
not lje too ready to grant protection, because it )Vill piP-
long your work. After this, give no 9.uaner tO any en.emy
except to those who are of rank. TJllS is a 'Vorthy resolve,
wapt ot dignity will not be impute$! to you.
1
Peace
Pi= with yoqi"-Wrilten at f 73.
senqs letters from Brah111P'!IJbqd to A.lor,B2
11n4
Some historians from amongst religio)ls
have natTated respecting the death o Dahir and a'dven
tlj:r,es Qf Muhammad when the accur.sed Rai
Dahir went to lieJI, Jaisiya took rpfuf?e ill the fort of Brah-
11nd Rawi'r was !aken,
for war and sent letters in all directions; VJZ.: One to hJS
Fufi,sa son of Dahir, who was in the fort of the .capi
qf the other to his Chach, son of phar-
siya, i!l the for.t of :Qatiya; an4 the third to cousin,
phawal, son of Chandar, who was in the direction qf
anq Kaikanan. !fe informed them of
\
77
death ana I:Onsblea them. He himself was ln Brahmaria-
bad with his warriors ready to fight.
Battle of Bahrur and Dho.lila
Muhammad Kasim now determined to march to Brah-
manabad. Between Dawar and that city there were two
fortresses called Bahrur and Dhalila which c;ontained about
sixteen thousand fighting men. When Muhammad Kasim
reached Bahrur he besieged it for two months. After the
Y{ar pad been protracted so long, Muhammad Kasim or-
dered that part of his army should. fight by day and part
by night. They threw naphtha and plied their mangonels
so tl1at all the warriors of tl1e adverse party were sla1n, and
the walls of the fort thrown down. Many slaves and great
plunder were takep. They put the fifth of it into
public treasury. When the news of the capture of Rawar
and Bahrur reached Dhali!a, the inhabitants knew that
Muhammad Kasim possessed great perseverance, and that
tltey should be on .their guard against him. Tht; merchants
lied to Hind, and the men of war prepared to defend their
country. At last, Muhammad KaSlm came to Dhalila, and
encamped there for two months, more or less. When the
besieged were much distressed, and tltey knew that from
no quarter could they receive reinforcements, they put on
the garments of deatlt, and anointed themselves with per
fumes. They sent out their families into the fort which
faces the bridge, and they aossed over the stream of the
Naljak,S< without the Musulmans being aware of it.
The pighl of the chief of DhaliltJ
When ltbe aay dawned tltrough the vtil of . darkness
Muhartliitlffi Kasim lMtnt that tlley had Bed, $0 lit sent
'SOme men of his anny after them, who overtOok part of
tllem as they weie passing over the rivet 'and put them
to the. edge of the sword. Those who had aossed previ-
ously fled to Hiodustan co\lntry of Rarnal antl
the sandy desert fo lhe (bilild) of Sir, tlle chief
of which couhttv- was named Deonij. He was the son of
tlle uncle of Dahii Rai. '
.. I"Monjhaf' ;,. B.)
78
OF SINO
Dlullila conquered, and a fifth part of its booty sent to the
capital of the Khalifa .
When Muhammad Kasim had fought the battle of
Dbali!a an_d conquered, the fifth part of the plunder was
depostted m the treasu.ry to be sent to the capital, and he
sent a retx?rt of the conquest of Babrur ana Dbalila to
Hajjaj, With all the particulars.
An-ivai of Sisakar, the minister, to seek protection
Muhammad Kasim sent letters to the chiefs of the
different parts of Hind, and invited them to malte sub-
mission, and embrace lslam. When Sisaltar, minister of
Dahir, heard of this, he sent some confidential servants,
and sued for protection. He brought the Muhammadan
women who were in his possession, and said that they were
those women who cried out for help to Hajjaj.
Sisakar appointed Minister
Muhammad Kasim showed him much respect, and
sent his chief officers to receive him. He paid him great
honour, and treated him with much kindness, and con-
ferred upon him the office of Wazir. Sisakar now became
the counsellor of the Muhammadans. Muhammad Kasim
told 1tim all his secrets, always took his advice, and con-
sulted him on all the civil affairs of the government, his
political measures, and the means of prolonging his successs.
He \lsed to say to Muhammad Kasim that the regula-
tions and ordinances which the just Amir had introduced
would confirm his authority in all the countries of Hind.
They would enable him to punish and overcome all !tis
enemies; for he comforts alf the subjects and malguzaxs,
ta.kes the revenue according to tl1e old laws and regulations,
never burdens any one with new and additional exac-
tions, and instructs all his functionaries and officers.
The government of Dhalila conferred on Nuba, son of
of Dharan son of Dhali/.a." ,
It is said by some people that when Dhalia was con-
quered, Muhammad ltasim called Nuba, son of Dharan,
[This ltul 114nll i.t fiOI ;,. MS. A.)
.J
j.
I
!
.
C;tlACHNA
1
MA ,
79
and having made a compact with him, invested him with
honours, and conferred on him the entire governorship
of the fort, and its dependencies from the eastern to the
western boundades. l;roffi that place to Brahmanabad
there was distance of one parasang. Jaisiya, son of Dahir,
received intelligence that the Muhammadan anny was
coming.
The Arab army arrives at the banks of the lake of ]alwali,
and an ambassador is sent to invite the peaple to embrace
Islam
Muhammad Kasim marched from Dhalia, and en
camped on the banks of the stream of the Jalwa1i80 to
the east of Brahmanabad. He sent some confidential
messengers to to invite its people tO submis
sion and to the Muhammadan faith, to preach to them
Islam, to demand the Jizya, or polltax, and also to inform
them that if they would not submit, they must prepare to
fight. J aisya, son of Dahir, before the arrival of the
messengers, had gone to Chanir.87 He had chosen sixteen
men from among the chiefs of that City, and had plaoed
!our of these men as wardens at each of the four gates of
the city, with a part of his army. One of these gates was
called Jawetari, and faur men were stationed at it. One
of them was Bharand, the othe.r Satiya, the third Maliya,'*
and the fourth Salha.
Muhammad Kasim arrives there itt the beginning OJ
mon,th of Rajab ,
1
:
'When Muhammad Kasim reached there, he ordered
entrebchments to be dug. The battle commenoed on
Saturday,. the first of Rajab. The infidels came out every
day, and engaged and beat their drums. There were about
forty thousand fighting men. From the dawn of day till
sunset t.be battle was fought with great fury. on both sides.
When the king of the stars disappeared they also returned.
"{The "Pa/aili?J
,. "Jonit'' ;,, B.] H o#tors OJ!4 his proceedings
do not to bt rlautl ;,. ehronologicdl ordtr. This place '"o)l
bt oJso Chaw, ond it suf'As to b tht '"'"" as tllr Cha111sor
which folkmlr tlsrwlltrl.]
("Man11ra" in B.)
80
HISTbltiANs OF !iND
The Muhammailans entered their entrenthments, ana tM
infidels went Into their fort. Six months p:WM in this
maimer. K.aslm despaired of taking the fort, and became
very pensive. On Suilday, in the end of the Zi-1 Hijja,
A.H. 93 (October, 712 A.o.), Jaisiya, who had Bed to the
country of Ramal, which is called Batlya, came back fro'fn
that place, infested the roads, and distressed the Muham-
madan army.
A messenger sent to Molw
Muhammad Kasim despatched one of his confidential
servants to Moka Disaya, and informed him that he was
perpetually harassed by Ja.isiya, who prevented the supply
of fodder, and put him to great trouble. He enquired the
remedy. Moka said that as Jaisiya was very near, there
was no alternative but that he should be made to depart.
So he sent from his own force a large body of trusty men
to drive him off.
]aisiya goes to ]aipur .u
Banana, son of Hanlala Kalabi, 'Atiya Sa'lbi, Saram
son of Abu Saram Hamadani, and 'Abdu-l Malik Madanni,
with their horsemen, and Moka Bisaya at their head, , and
also Jazirn; son of 'Umar Waladihi'were sent with an army
and supflies of provisions. Jaisiya was informed of the
march o the Arab army. He therefore left his place with
all his prllperty and family, and went by way of the sandy
desert to the places called l ankan, 'Award; and Kaya, in
the territory of Jaipur. 1'l1e 'Allafi deserted him. He
thence proceeded to the territory of Takiya, and went
away and determined to do homage to the king of Kashmir,
which is towards Rosta on the boundary of Royam. This
.territory is all waste and desert. From that place l1e wrote
to the Rai, wl1ose capital lay amiwt the hills. He stated
that of his own free will, and with a sincere heart, he had
come to wait upon him.
]aisiya son of Dahir goes to the Rana
The letter was read before the Rai of Kashmir, who
(Both MSS. htr how "Jo/l"'lr." A f n ~ lints fUrthn on A.
hos "Chitor," but B. i# to "Jotl"'lr." S11 >WI llstwilfft.}
l
CHACINA'MA
81
issued orders that, from among the dependencies of Kashmir,
a place called ShakalhaOo should be assigned to Jaisiya.
Tlut Rai of Kashmir gives presents to ]aisiya son of Dllhir
The day on which they met, the Rai of Kashmir gave
fifty horses with saddles, and hundred valuable suitt
6 apparel to his officers. Hamim, son of Sama the Syrian,
was sent to the fief of Shakalha. When he went a second
time to see the Rai of Kashmir, he was again received with
great respect and honour, and an umbrella, a chair, and
other presents were given to him. These are honours
which are bestowed upon great kings. With great respect
and" ostentation he was re-conducted to his tenure in the
plains. After staying there some time he expired in Sha-
kalha, and was succeeded by Hamim, son of Sarna, whose
descendants remain there to this day. He founded masjicb
there, and obtained great honour and regard. He was
much res_pected by the king of Kashm.ir. When Jaisiyaot
went to Jaipur, and stayed there, he wrote letters to Fufi,
son of Dabir, at Alor. He informed him of the cause of
his leaving the country, and advised him to hold out in
that part. Fuli, son Dahir, received much encouragement
on reading the letter, and on learning that he had gone
away to Jaipur.
When Muhammad Kasim had fought for six month&
at Brahmanabad, and war was protracted for a time,
and the news of Taisiya was received from Chanesar;i four
of. the chief merchants of the city consulted together at tho
gate of the fort, which is called Jawetari.os They said th,e
Arabs have conquered the whole territory, Dahir has been
kiUed, Jaisiya is king, and the fort has been besiege!( for a
space of aix months ; we have neither power nor wealth
to enable us to fight with the enemy, nor can we make
peace with him. If he stay a few days more, he will at
.. [ Gm. 1/141 ..... , possibly bt N K tdltr
K.U.ar(" in tlu Soli r<l"f/1 whkh al this tinu btkmgtd to Koshmir.]
" ll is dlf!jcwlt to .ro)l wlw is "''""' ;,. 1/u irtetding ;asstJgtl.
laisiy<> is m4Hhon4 by. namt in tlu htoding of 1/u chapter, b"t hir:
, ... ,... clou not oc= again' tiHiil 1/ri.r plact. passagt btginJ>-
[pas jai.riyoh basilad-i chilur (jotrur) ro/1 wa m<>qa kord.
'f[Ciu:JntsDI' A. jOMsar B.] .
["larlllll'j" B.]
6
82
HISTORIANS OF SIND
l.ast be victorious, and we have no ground on which to ask.
protection from him. We are not able to stand any more
before that army; we should, therefore, now join together,
and sallying out attack Kasim, or be slain in the attempt;
for if peace be made, all those found in arms will be slam,
~ u aD tlte rest of the .People, the merchan!4, the handi-
aaftsmen, and the culttvators, will find protection. And
ti.f they could get any assurance, it was !Jetter, they said,
fo make terms and surrender \he fort to him. He would
take them under ,his protection, and they would find him
their supporter if they would follow rules of allegiance.
To this opinion they all agreed. They sem their messen-
gers, and craved for themselves and their families exemp
tion from death and captivity. .
P,.otection granted to them on their faithful promises of
allegiance .
Muhammad Kasim granted them protectiott on their
faithful proomes, but put the soldiers to death, and took
all their followers and dependants prisoners. All the
captives, up to about thirty years of age, who were able
to work, he made slaves, and put a price upon them.H
Muhammad Kasim called all the chic! officers of Hajjaj
together, and related the message to them, saying that
ambassadors had come from Dralimanabad, and it should
be heard what they had to say, and a proper answer should
be carefully prepared and given to them.
Opinio_n of Moka Bisaya
Moka Bisaya said, "0 noble man I this fort is the
chief of all the cities of Hind. It is the seat of the
sovereign. If this be taken, the whole o Sind will come
into your possession. The strongest forts will fall, and the
dread of our power will increase. The people will sever
themselves from the descendants of Dahir, some will run
away, and others submit to your rule."
Muhammad Kasim's communication to Hajjaj
Muhammad Kasim informed Hajjaj of all the cir-
" [ wa i1ar lnlrdth ki 011 sapiyyal to qorb si sal dar qaid wo aghktl
llashand W<> mal bar bar ishan mai11 kardand.] '
'
1
CRACHNA
1
MA
83
cum.stances, and furnished those people with his written
orders. He fixed dte time wid! them, and they said that
on the day named he should come to the JawetariOG gate,
, Irom which they would sally out to fight; but when they
should come near him, and the Arab armr should attack
them, they would fly away in the midst o the battle, go
into the fort, and leave the gate open. After an answer
was received from Hajjaj, to the effect that Kasim should
give them protection, and faithful!)' execute dle compact>
made with them, the people of the fort fought for a short
time, and when the Arabs attacked them, and engaged,
they fled and entered ilie fort, leaving the gate open."
The Arabs thus got possession of it, and the whole army
followed .and mounted the walls. The Mnhamma'dans
then loudly shouted "Allah Akbar," and the people of the
fort, seeing the Musulmans victorious, opened tlie eastern
gate, and Bed with precipitation. The Muhammadans
lllus gained the victory, but Muhammad Kasim ordered
them to kill none but those who showed fi&ht. They
1 seized all who had arms, and brought them pnsoners be-
fore Muhammad Kasim, with all their arms and property,
dependants, and families. .Everyone who bowed aown hlS
head and sued for protection was released, and allowed to
orcupy his own house.
Resistance made by ]aisiya or and the wife of Do.hir
It is said, on the authority of the old men o .Brahma-
nabad, that ,when the fort of Bralunanabad was taken,
Ladi, the wife o Dahir Rni, who since Dahir's death had
stayed in the fort with his son,
9
rose up a:nd said, ''How
can I leave this strong fort and my family. lv is necessary
that: we should stop nere, overcome the encmy
1
and pre-
. our homes and dwellings. II dle army of the Arabs
should be successful, I must pursue some other course.
She then brought out all her w'eal th and treasures, and
distributing them among the warriors of the ariny, she
thus encouraged her brave soldiers while the fight was
["lor.tari:' B.l '
': [T!Iis il not cftar,but ,it ;af>Ptt1Ys;tlwt lilt <itizms blrayed. th#
gai'11Jon.
" [Sic in bath MSS.] .
" [ ba hisar rai "sa" bf IJU
84
HlSTOIUA.NS OF SlND
carried on at ooe o the gates. She had determined that
if the fort should be lost, she would burn herself alive with
all her relations and children. Suddenly the fort was taken,
and the nobes came to the gate of Dahir's palace and
brought out his dependants. Ladi was taken prisoner.
LAdi, the wife of Dahir is taken, with his two maiden
daughters
When the plunder and the prisoners of war were
brought before Kasim, and enquiries were made about
every captive, it was found that Ladi, the wife of Dahir,
was in the fort with two daughters o his by his other
wives. Veils were put on their faces, and they were deli
vcred to a servant to keep them a.P.art. One./ifth of all
the prisoners were chosen and set as1de; they were counted
as amounting to twenty thousand in number, and the
rest were given to the soldiers.
Protection is given to the artificers
Protection was given to the artificers, the merchants,
anrl the common people, and those who had been seized
from those classes were all liberated.. But he (Kasim)
sat on the seat of cruelty, ahd put all those who had
fought to the sword. It is said that about six thousand
fighting men were slain, but, according to some, sixteen
were killed, and the rest were pardoned.
telations of Dahir are betrayed by the Bahmans
It is related tl1at when none of the relations of Dahir
were {ound among the prisoners, the inhabitants of tlle
city were questioned respecting them, but no one gave any
i.nformation or hint about tllem. But the next day nearly
one thousand Brahmans, with shaven beads and beards,
were brought before Kas!m
Tile .Brahmans come to Muhammad Kasim
When Muhammad Kasirn saw them, he asked to what
army they and why they had come in that man
ner. They replied, "0 faithful noble I our king was a
Brahman. You have killed him, and have tal<en his
country ; but some of us have faithfully adhered to his
l
r
CHACHNA'MA
85
cause, and have laid down our lives 'for him; and the rest,
mourning for him, have dressed themselves in yellow
clothes, and have shaved their heads and beards. As now
the Almighty Cod has given this county into your posses-
sion, we have come submissively to you JUst Lord, to know
what may be your orders for us." Muhammad Kasim began
to think, and said, "By my soul and head, they are good,
faithiul people. l give them protection, but on this con-
dition, tbat they bring hither the dependents of Dahir,
wherever they may be." Thereupon they brought out
Ladi. Muhammad Kasim fixed, a tax upon all the sub-
jects, according to the laws of the l'rophct. Those who
the Muhammadan faith were exempted from
slavery, the tribute, and the poll-tax ;o and from those
who did not change their creed a tax was exacted accord-
ing co three grades. The first grade was of great men.
anct each of these was to pay &ilver, equal to Cony-eight
dirams in weight, the second grade twenty-four dirams,
and the lowest grade twelve dirams. It was ordered that
all who should become Musulmans at once should be ex-
empted from the payment, but those who were desirous of
adliering to their old persuasion must pay the tribute and
poll-tax. Some showed an inclinantion to abide by their
<reed, and some having resolved upon paying tribute, held
by the faith of their forefathers,
1
00 but their landJ and
property were not taken from them .
Brah171anabad is given in!o the charge of the rpretects .
, , of the country ,, i
Muhammad Ka3im then allotted to each of t.he
fects an amount_ of revenue' suited to -JUs ability and cla1ms.
He stationed a force at each of the four gates of the fort,
and gave the charge o them (to the prefects). He aJso
gave them as tokem of his satislaction saddled horses, and
ornaments for their hands and according to the cus-
tom of the kings of Hind. And he assigned to each of
them a seat in tbe great public assemblies.
" ["&ndagi wa mal wa gaud," tn' "guand," cu A. it.J.
'!' [Dtui a itha11 btJI' maudal """'udamJ we< btUi lll bar
gu.id 11ihadallll ""' bar klsh miraftand. Til< Wf)rd (s
tou111l only in B.) '
86
DiMon of Ju fht:OpU. inJo llrrte
me7t:Unu .,.., x"cultwrislt
AU P:tOple. the IDtTdunu. lrd.n.&, acriculturiw
wert teparatdy tAco Wlr and
ltn t.how.nd men. h!g&. 1.Dd low, WCTe counc.cd. .Mu.ha.m-
mtd Ku hn W.o ordered twdwe dinm' ot tiiYCr
co be aufsned to taeh man, bcuule all their property had
been plund.md. He from the
vfllaatn #1ld the chief c:atizeN to collecc the Gxed
{rorn lhe cidtt and villages, th.u there mi&hl be a feeli ng
of tll'tnath 110tl prottion. When tbe 8rtilwtn.tlJ u w uu, ,
rt pruenctd tbtJr ease. a11d the nobJa and prlnclpll
i nh.abhanu of t.he cily p ve cviden co t.bo tuptriority
of t11e .8ra.hmru. Muhammad Kaafm malntllined tltclr
dicnhy, and paned order. conkminc thdr pte<minence.
Tfi.ey were proceaed aga.Uhc Of,po&itJon .. nd violence.
Each ol them Wat enr.,-usted with. an oMoe. !or Jta.dm wu
oonnd<nt thAt lbcy would DOl be Inclined ul
Uk< Jlai at.ch. k a1Jo Oint 10 a duty.
He ocdacd all !he llnhnta:no ., be btooob belor< him.
and lh<m cb>t they bad bdd am olica. fn the
lime of .Dahir, and mutl bt \\--ell t<qWiinttd \lrf'ilh
tbc dr( and lhc uburbl. ,, lt lhey l neW l"nt exct.lknt chan.c-
ter worlhy ()I his con&idetation and Jdndncts they should
hrlns him to noti. that favoun a.nd uwarcl.l might be.
bestOw! on him. AJ he bo.d entire Mnfidtnt:e in thtJr
honntr and vlnue_. be had rhen\ whh thetc offices,
and al thO lllff'"tll ll'l OJ the C:Onrllry would be plllccd Wldcr
their dl;rrve. ..f hf!$0 offied WCTe cranted to them a.nd their
desrtdiiiHS. and would OC\' C1' be or lnmlerred.
Th1 Bf'GhmiUU 10 uritlt cre.t ::O,fid<nt' '"'0 tile llillagtl
Then the Brah.manJ and the gO\Wnmt.tn o5c:t:n went
inoo !he d4ul<u. and wei. "Oh ihidt .nd ... cJt.. o! lbc
JOU know (or c:trttio thou Da.hir it t1a1n.. a.nd that
ibc power ot in6dcb is at an CDCL In aU paru of SiDd t
and lUnd 1bc rule ol !he Anbo b &rmly uai>IW>td, and
the pcopt. of lh4 country. grut and un.all. h:ave becom.c-
:u; tctu.:att. both in to"''" an() country. n1c pt-at SuhiUl
has a!1own fav.>ur to ut ind(vidulltr. and ft. mun
know that he bu tent ut co J9U. to hold ()Ut indue&-
87
wtiH,_ II w. do DOt the Anbl we lbaU nchha- b."e
property nor- O'IUnl ol Uvmg. Du.t we hlw made oar
mtmon fn hope that the k:lndnu. or oa:r
mutcn may bi: ioCZ'tiOCd co UJ. At praeru we are not
drh-cn ttoai ou:r homes: but 'if )'OU cannCM t.hil
tribute which U 6xcd. on J"U, nor ubm.h. c.hc bc:avy
burden, then lee ua_ retire at a ruiuble opportunJty to
JOmC ocbcr plate of Hiltd Of Sind. with All your lanu1iu
and cbiJdren, where )'OU mllJ find )if!Ur liw. seeurc. LiCe
il che 8ft11tat or R1l But if we c;m eaeapo lrom.
thl drndCul whirpool. "nd (:an RI.VC our Hvn (iow the
ol thil limy, our property and thildrcn wUJ be tale.
.,11 upotJ th1 inMbiumu of lite ctc1
Then aU the lnhablwu.J oC the chy altt'.nded JJld
to v-r lhe taxts. They uccruincd the amouot
ffi>m Mult.mm...l Kaoiul. Aud on rap\ of lh<o ll<>l>nwa
wbom he had reormut' over them. he
uld, "Dal boll<l<ly be...._, 1M people and 1M Sulton,
and if dUcribu<ioo is ...u. lt with cqaJ.r and
b tbe lO lb. l1lty lO fk tQ ClOD-
card. IJDGnf fOUI'dvo. and oppott not eaCh otbtt, tO that
the country may not be d.iJuWt<L''
MWmmad KasiM al.monUh41 th ptoplt
Mul'uunmad K.ulm admonished every mJn acpuatdy,
and "lle happy Jn every respecc.. and have no :uucltty;
for you will not be fo.r l (l() not take
tnf or bond from you. Wbafcvet tum if ft.xed
and we have tcttlcd you mtn pay. Mortovcr, aiJ't and
Jeoiency hall be lhown }OU. And wh.atever cnay be ')'Otrr
rtquet'tl, d1ey ahoutd 1Je lO me ao lhat tl1ey tnay
be heard. ptOpcr r<ply lx: Ji'-= and tb< wiahet o! oadt
run be' Atb6ccl. ..
AfWnuMcf KMim gif..'4.1 4J't ttd# in /tnJOur oflhl 1>#0/HI
of Bno/o...,..bod
1'llt DraluuM did not rt<du the alnu wblcb wuc
1) vtn to them accordJn;: to :he old cuu.om, by the f'll"
Cttantt. 1be lnfktds, ana tlnkun.. who took dcHtht tn
wonhlppJn,; lhc t:dolJ. Th< attcndanu o[ Lhc templct
we:re lllt:ewlJe In di.t.treu. 'Fa Cur or the umy, the alnu
as
and brtad were not regularly given lo tbcm. and there-
fore they -.ert reduced co povttty. They came to the 1.ate
of h.U palau. aM lllttd. up dlCr haocb In pn,.u. 'I bq
ob j .. t lord I Wt p<Ople obu.ln
our Uvtli and r:naintou.ncc bJ l:teJ)ifll the: temple of
1Sudh. You muq upon che mttChanu and 1he
infidel" con(umed tN:m ln their lWOpcrty. and nw!t lbte:n
tbnm.it (talented IUb}KcJ). Hcnc:c )'OUJ' 1bvet. rdyi.n&
upon JOUl bounty, bOp< pcnn!JSioo my be Jl,.. lor t11aa
to wonhlp tlldr godl. 1Uld r<l>lh the ..,.pic of Budh."
Muha.mmid Kasim replied. '"tbe &e:tt of KQ'Yanment (,
Alor, :md aU thetc other 11re depmikndes ot it."
Tbe }lindw: sajd, ''Th.e e(fifkc (tmtpfe) ot thU city it
under .Bcahttwu. Tbq an: - and obysicDnt.
Uld our nupt.W and funeral otrtmOO.ics are 1donned by
them. We 'have to Pl)' the u .x.e. iu tbc apeaation
th1u evtry would be Je.lt to foUow his own ptnua.\ionj
'l'bU our ccm'flc oC Budh is ruined. and we cannot WQnhlp:
our idol-. I our jute )ord will w. we wiU
' ...s -u.;r - ...,.. o ... ar.ru.w.. wW u.... reed, ..
.th. tJM!,aftl of &o.m .u. ..
Muhunn14tl K.M{m lo lltJifaj, dttd receiwJ on
ontwtr
'Wu.h.a.u:uud &.ulm wrote to Kajjaj. aad Uc.tr tomr
da)'1 n:cdftd. a rt.ply co the foUowlOK" e!'ec.t. The ll:nu of
my dear nepht:w Muhammad Kadiu ha1 received.
And the f1tru undc:ncood. rt "'Ppel\n that che c.blet
inlulbltiUIU of .Drahman-abad hid pctitionc:d to b4
to rtpair the tempk of Bu.clh uwi
thci.r rcl'lion. M tbcy have made and
agreed c.o ULXo to the K.hiHa. notltb'& more can be
prope,.Jy required (rom them. "n1ey b.avc be:e..n c.al..en
undl!r our prol.tttion, and wt cannot in any way t ttttch
out ou.r ha.Dcb upon Lhbr li"Vtt ipttty. _ Ptrmiulon ,.
u g;.m th<Jn to won!Up <hdr Nobody mU>t be
forfUddtn or froCl Col bil own rdi,ton.
"rher. 1t1ay li\le in thelr hou&u. ... wh-atever manner .tbay
lilc.uu J
. , .. j; ,.._ --tlwl ........

!
!
89
Arriwl 0/ Hoff.]'< "'II=
Whtn the Ofda:a o( Hajjaj X"acbed Mubamm..S l.ulo).
he t.rt the oty,""" bOd&<><>< a u . dlrea..t th
nobkt. 1bc principal inha.l)lu.nu, and the Bnlunans to
buUd dldr ccmpk. cta.l&c with the Uvc
wicbouc any fur, and wive lO thenuda. He
abo enjolnCd them: tO nWnuin tbc indJgtnt Dn.hm.tru
with and ronsidcndon. obarve the rite..1 aod
or tJlelr O,J\coton, a.nd give obl:t.dOtls and alms c.)
the: .Brlunn,J. aC<lOrding to former pnccict, Tbey we:re
10 aJJot three dlnl'l:l& ou.c or lmndrr;d dirmt caphal,
and 10 s J\'t lbC!.U\ aJ I\IUd) O{ dti_s IJ JbOUJd be nCttW.r)'
- the remdrltler '"'' to be pa!d Into the c .. euury and
for: h would be in the oC COvcm-
tntnt,1ot Tbey wtre alto to tetde a.liOWI.Il< upon We
ofticm and Lhe noble.. Tb("f all fullf J.BI"Ccd lO thtse
roodicio.-'1 btforc "I'Imim bin Zdd.ul hili Huktn biiJ
'Anna IWbl h wu O<d.al...c tlaJ the a..h....,. ,._ld.
li1t bcu>n. W. a 0>1>- bu.n in tb<ir h>nd 10 co tht
doortj)f""t.h,e htiwet. a._Mf tlllkf" fl'\"''lln or om.r thi.nc
that micht be: ol!cml tO thm. .. tlut thoy mi&ht no<
remain unprovfdcd Cor. "'1lU pnctict ba, pt a pccuUar
n.a.mc &mens Lbe inlidds.
Mllltommod XIJim gronu eql4tJt f14o-pl; of
Brohmtmtbad
Kulm g'ranl.td r<quest whJch the pt()o
plo ol JlrahnuH\abud tlad made 10 1nd pt!rmlned tbem
position like the Jews, lhe tnd
ftn W01'1ftrppc111 ol 'Ink .tnd Sharo. He !Jttn dbmlae<l
then. and gavt w their be=-d mto t.be appc.llac.Jon o(
Ran&."'
MC4htmuM4 K4.Um t:alU Jir Su&tn., tltt
Re thm calkd tbc: tninisttr Silabr lllld Mob Dlaay._
and utd tbtrft wb.u "Wa'J. th( poridon of the Jata o
.. ,_ .. .... 6lf ., Mal ., tlwd
-tiiJ......., ..V ... W -JIA.........,.. .. fill ..
fl4ob .. ...... -- J.j-. MlilluW.J
lo-j""' jdfid tM 14TIIJ " -. waju,J
... us. Jl,f
90
Lob.ana,.. In the time of O.ach and Dahlr, and bow were
they deale wi.lh l Siabr, the minUter, rtplKd in the
prt'knce of Mota c.\at i.o the ol JlaJ Cbacb..
the Lohana-. Yi&. and wuc not aJ.Iowed
ro war aoCt doc.ha. ot c:ovtt their bndJ whb 't'dvtt ; but
wed to wear blad:. blantcc benuth. liWI lhl"'W a
o( COline doth 0Tt:r tteir "they bpt their
he-adt and feet n:alted. \YhMver they P.ut on IO(t
ollcy ...,.. finc<l. They ""'' "' lie doss whh th<m
when they went out o( doo,.., to 1hnt lhey mlrht by LbU
meana bo recogniutl No Wid wa ptrmhte.d LO tide on
a borte. \Vhere\'e:r guides were requlicd by the they
had 10 perform the: Cluty, Jt was Lhtir to 4up-
Dly etcOrt and cond!Jct parties rom one 11ihe lo another.
lt Any of their chitta or ranas rode "pon a hone, be. had no
u.ddJe or bdd.le. bt.n thrc"W a b!a.nkcc on lu bade, and then
mounkd. ll an injury bde.l a .,eenon on the thae
uibt:J Md to anno."Ct tor it; at a.ny pe:r10n o{ hdr ttibe
CCiftltnltttd a lhelc. it was ibr duty of thtir had men to
bum him and h;, m.ulr am dilldmo. Tho .......... w.d
M t,.1!1 ,t,.y and nip_t tttdft' thelr pld.l.ac.. '11.-ent d.
DO diillnctlon """"' them .r r:e"' >ncl -II They UT<
tM c!Upooid0t1 ol """"' ond ill...,.. rebelled their
.O\'trticl'- Thq pluridcr on tbc roacb, and within the
tenitory or Jkbill all joln l\itb them in thtlr rob.
berla. It b their duty to stnd fire-wood {or che katchen
o tho ldngs, and to serve hem mcnils aod guuds."
On he:uina- .Iillo Muhammad Karim tnld, "What
!>eOJJ1e they on:. They IN jwt Ute che uvasu
and the mountalnt.': Mti.h:unm.ad maintained
the aame rule& rcgrding th(n. As 1he Comn\ndtr of the
llithful, 'Una.r, I!Qn of had ordered mpccting the
people o Sf11Un.10 did Muhammad Kulm a.lao mate a rule '
i.bat cYtrJ' xuen abould be enterta.i.ntd (Ott one cby and
ni&ho. boo if be fell lid thm lor thru thyc >Jid aigb!L
MuM.-uM4 baiM uruU s ld.t.et to Rit-1 #tnt Yt&lv[
Wbtn Mu..I:Lammacl K.a.dm had stultd abe afbi-n oi

91
Bratunanabad and the Lohana territory, and had fixed the
tribute of the Jats, he sent a report of all these particulars
to Hajjaj. It was written at a place on the river JalwaJi,lOo
above Brahmanabad. The account of taking the territory
of Sind was communicated and stated in full detail.
Reply of Hajjaj
Hajjaj wrote in reply, "My nephew Muhammad K:uim,
you deserve praise and commendation for your military
conduct, and for the pains you have taken in protecting
the _PeOple, ameliorating their condition, and managing the
affmrs of the Government. The fixing of the revenue
upon each village, and the encouragement you have given
to all classes of people to observe the laws, and their agree-
naents, haye brought much vigour to the Government, and
have tended to the good administration pf the country.
Now you should not stay any longer in this city. The
pillars of the countries of Hind and Sind are Alor and
Multan. They are the capitals and royal residences.
There must be great riches and treasures of kings hidden
in these two pfaces. 1 you stop anywhere, you should
choose the most delightful place, so that your authority
may be confirmed in the whole country of Hind and Sind.
If any one refuses to submit to Muhammadan power slay
him. May you be victorious under the decree of the Al-
mighty God, so that you may subdue the country of Hind
to the boundary of China. Amir Kutaiba, son of Mus-
1'imlil Kuraishi ls sent ; you should make over all the hos
,tages' to and an army is also placed under Y'ou
sh9ul<t act <n such a manner, 0 son of yqur uncle, and
son ot the- mother of Jaisiya,toT that c.lie name of Kasim
may beoome celebtated through you, ana your e'nemies be
humbled an? confolinded. May it please
T-he arrival of the letter of HaJfaf
When the ' of Hajjaj reacb.cct Muhammad Kasim,
he read it. It was also written in it, "You, 0 Muham-
mad, consult me in your letters, for it is prudent. The.
*lA. htJS s ..
* [Alluding Ia h4r btUtg tklli1ud for Hajjaj. A /ttll
;agu be/ore toe filld Ladi tow taken by M 14hammad Kasin1,
cxcetslvc it an obu.Lele Bu' thow tJ:ndn$ that
row cncmia may du1tt: to be rubmu.ivt: comfan lbcm. ..
Aptointrtff"l Of /Oilr of the 'I'IC'I1 0/ tli11 t:ilylJJ
offictrl for the oj the
Muhammad K.u.im chen WJdJ, .on or lbmidun
for the or tho chy of Drahm"' n:tbad.
lbu i,s. lJa{nwah,lM 1atd appoinwl o\crxtra and u.s.si.stanu.
llt enrruucd rour ptnoru (rom die tntrcWwu of
lM CUJ wltb all rOIItcn f.Q?perty. He Jtrictly
onJered \hat they abould inform bi.m tuJiy " ni.J pardculaaly
ot aU DUlUtr" and that noJ.bhJg should be decided
coraultiJli him. Ht placal Nuba,. .tCN1 o( D&n$. in the
(ort o{ R.awar, and him to hold the place fan. and
keep the boaa rtldy. 1C a.ly bot comlng up or down c.he
1trcam W11 with men Of IU't1U o( war, he WU to take
<h<m and bring lb<m 10 the fDrt ol 1\awv. He j>loced
boatJ on LbC \IPfiC" part or the river under the Cbqe
q( the ton of Abdi, l ld H"r1dU. ton ot
Sollmanu.l AW.i, to the ditricq wbh,h bc.WJ\It-CI to the
u:rrltooy ol li.ln)."' Hamal a. ""' o Akh.l. - JWb(.
wu m:aclc fOVtl'"n<W of Dahlill, aod they all ordered
10 inquire ento and in\'Clt.igate &be a.IJ.ain ol llte NITOUncf.
IJ?S places. and report lO ll ina tberc:on every month.
abo di.n:acd tb.n kl u.siu uch ocher 50 tb&t thty tl'liahc
be JW"td (J'Or'Q attacb or the memy't {c.-Cltf, and frOm
he oJ)pOI.icion ot rcbe.Uiou '"bjecu, and t11ey were to
punJab o! tlte J)t':!tC'. He ttalloned two tl10UUI\d
Coot JOldim -with KaiJ bin 'Abdu-l Malilt bin x.....i.su-4
Danwri and Kh.:alid Ansari In Siwlwla. and tent Ma,.\Ld
T1.nU.m.L son o( Shlt1ba JadidJ, Fi:rand 'Add, S:.bir La&h
ka.rl, and 'Abdu.J Mo.lif ,j(lll of 'Abdulhlh, Al Khua'(,
tOn of ';U.b, and AJub SOD of Abdu.r R.ahman. 10
Debal ncl Nlrun. Ill otdcr to mah>wn posom1on ol th-
ptaoes.. AmonJtU the romJniona of IIi exploiu thtre wat a
ruuned who was a M.a\ll: blm ht lktlpointcd
( Tiil ., tlw #JorlHa, tl 11$. A.. n.t ...., U .., ,_. .. B.
Tl!w u.I IM!'II!# ..., '" B.abnwwa. Sn a;,-..r.
K.,.,., "'M l rt TltNf Pr."wt'l' If ' /l() i
l''lJ((!Helll/
1
IJ. 41, IIJ 1
CS ;. MS. A. MS. B. llfU .. ICtnj. s.
CHACHNA
1
UA
93
ruler of Karwail. 'Aiwan Bakkari and Kais, son of S'aliba,
with three hundred men, also remained in that place, and
there they had their wives and families. Thus the whole
territory of the Jats was kept under subjection.
Muhammad Kasim proceeds to Sawandi Somma
It is related that when Muhammad Kasim had attended
to the affairs of the district of Brahmanabad, and of the
eastern and western parts of the territory, he marched
from that place on Thursday, the third of Moharram A.H.
94 (9 Oct., 712 A.o-)- He stopped at a village called Man
haJ,ho in the vlcimty of Sawandi.U
1
There was a bcauti
ful lake and a delightful meadow there, which were called
Danda and Karbalia. He pitched his tents on the banks
of the Danda. The inhabitants of the country were
Samanis. The chiefs and merchants all came and made
submission to Muhammad Kasim, and he gave tl)em pro
tection, according to the orders of Hajjaj. He said that
that they might live in !.heir country with comfort and
c o n t ~ n t and pay the revenue at the proper season. He
fixed revenue upon them and appointed a person from
each tribe as the bead of his tribe. One was a Samani,
whose name was Bawadu, and the other, Budehi Damman
Dhawal. The agriculturists in this part of the country
were Jats, and they made their submission and were grant
ed protection. When all these circumstances were com
municated to Hajjaj, he sent an emphatic answer, order-
ipg tljat those who showed fight should be destroyed, or
that their sons and daughters should be taken as hostages
and Jc,ept. Those who chose to submit, and in whose
throats the \vater of. sincerity Bowed, were to be t reated
with nae'l'cy, and their property secured to them. The'
artizans and merchants were not to be heavily taxed.
Whosoever took great pains in his work or cultivation was
to be encouraged and supported. From those who espous..
ed the dignity of Islam, only a tenth !?art of their wealth
and the produce of the land was to be required ; but those
who folfowed their own reiigion were to pay rom the
produce o !.heir manual industry, or from the land, the
,. [Mcthcl ;,. MS. B.
1
" St# ante.

wual na:mJ, aocordinc to the ctublithe\1 cunom of 1be
(OUntry, and bring It to tlle COV"Crmncnt
Muhanam:uJ K.11.1lm then mArthc:d from thu plua: and
an-ivul at .Bahrawu-. Tbcrc be al.lcd Subiman, 1011 of
hthan and Aba Kat.h.a'ri and made them nrear-
the OmnipQtent. He ga\e them ,trict ordcn, and .em
them with n body of mtn hl"lCmging to Haidllr, w n or
' Ama u 51nd Bani Tamim the lCrritorl O( the
plc ot 81bnj.u T1aq cook up c.b.eir resii:lcno: c.htre;
aM 'Umar. SOD ol Akbari HaMfi wn appointed.
tbclr chid. and a ol fa.mom warrton were ,,laced
onder him.
Tlil Sttmm.:u comt to ltim
Muharrunad X..tbn then mo\ed IDWU'<b the uibet ot the
Samroa. \IVheD be t;a_tne they a.dv21noed to rccd\'t
Uim, rh\glng btU, a.nd beating druma and dJndng.
Mulul.mm:td l(r,,im Pid. "What noi&e lt this r "{tie l)el)>
ple CDid him lh1t h wu with 1hem a cuJcomuy
lh whcD a DCw kine eomo they' aM
rccdYC hLu wicll boLla and manmrnt. Thm K.Iurlm,
.10n or 'Umar
1
ca.mc to Muhll.l'tlma.i Kal.i.m and uid "' Jl
b .,roper (or u to aud pra.ite the Coo.
becau.at He h.u m:.dt lhne pooplt OUJd obcd.lcn.t
to ua, 1nd our iojUJ1(doru and inhibitions are in
thit IUWf.m wu n intdhi'C"t aDd
maJ\ {ah.hlul and Mnes:L Muhammaa Kuhn lau&bed at
hit wordJ, and Aid, .. You tlnll be made 1heir chid.'' and
he ordf!rtd thtm to dance and play befol'e him. Kharlm
them whh d'na" o! Alrka.D pd. and
$1itl.-Jt is a rep that
$boukl be made by N:m on the arriYal or their ptincx, nd
tr.ltitude tbu$ be to the AJmlghty-nmy hb blc.slng
DC Wllg' pre.w:rvcc-1 1o
.. rtw, /I(I.Uifft.Jwt _. ...._ .. ....-. , ., t41J
(Tiw ,-. .. '"' Ia .c s,.... w. ,..._ ,..
Ak J(aJMrl _.Jo JC..,., _, Wl'-M - Ulf ro-
A& tl Klt*,l M.ftlll /lllf u,. ltlffiiMI W io'.t
tffO illtmt ro 4 .._ ot ,._. u 6l1t Alllnt wa. D4l'fi
rl4d ,J,U.l .AI tnJu,j MS. D. o.U.t lA;
......... I
'
..
CHACHNA'MA
95
Muhammad Ka.sim marches towards Lohana and Sihta
The historians say, upon the authority of 'Ali bin Muham-
mad bin Abdu-r Rahman bin 'Abdu-llah us Saliti, that
when Muhammad Kasim had settled the affain of Lohana,
he came to Sihta. The chiefs and ~ s n t s advanced bare-
headed and bare-footed to receive him, and sued for mercy.
He granted them all protection, fixed the revenue they
were to pay, and took hostages. He asked them to guide
him through the various stases to AJor. Their guides
were sent forward to Alor, whtch was the capital of Hind
and the greatest city in all Sind. The inhabitants were
chiefly merchants, artisans, and agriculturists. The
governor of its fort was Fufi, son of Rai Dahlr, and before
liim nobody dared say that Dahle was slain. He main
tained that Rai Dahir was yet alive, and bad gone to bring
an army from Hind, that with its support ana assistance he
might fight with the Arabs. Muhammad Kasim encamped
for OJ)e mQnth before the fort, at the distance of one mile.
He built there a mosque, in which he read the Khutba
every Friday.
Battle with the people of Alor
War was then waged with the people of Alor, who believed
that Dah ir was bringing men to their aid. They cried
aloud from the ramparts to the besiegers, "You must aban-
don all hope of life, for Dahir, with a formidable army
of numberless elephilnts, horse and foot, is advancing in
your rear, and we shall sally out from the fort and defeat
your a:rmy. Abandon yow wealth and baggage, take care
of ybur hves, and run away, that you ruay not be killed.
!fear this advice."
Muhammad Kasim purchases Ladi, the wife of Dahir,
from a womdn ua

When Muhammad Kasim saw their resolution and per
severance in lnaintai.ning hostilities, and found that they
persisted in denying that Dahlr was slain, he put Ladi,
the wile of Dahlr, wnom he had purchased from a woman
1
" [Such art lilt words of lh lui. Sec supra.)
915
lllld made bU wile. on che: wnd o" whi<b the wi(c
or Dahlr wed to ri&, and .c:nt her witb tr'W(r pcnom to
1M IL Sh< <ri<d "0 pcopk of th< b<, l h.n< """"
tuU.n of ho:pona:n to cdl nur that I may
peat. A bOdy of chc mv\ uc:r.n&d t.ht: ram
paru. Ladi then uncovered htt lace, ad Riel "1 am.
Lldi, lhe wife of Oahir. Our and hh bu d
b been tC:nt to '1ralt: the . and umbrtUJ. have
alto been (orwtrded to the cap1lll o the Khali!t. Do not
you detltoy )'0\lrtelvu. God U.)1 (in lhe K.llrflfl) 'Seek.
noc. dcttruGtlon by your own hands; ' She then sftrieked
outJ wept bitterly, 111nd n [uut".ntt lOll&' 1:'hoy replied
fro.:u die (ort,ui "You are Cahc: you have ofned tht:&e
ChoruUIJ tnd Cow-c:aten, a.od have bcCOint one of them.
Our k.lng Ia aHve, and is coming wlth mi&hty army and
war elep"'ha''" to r,.pd the en.emr. Thou bn pollute<!
thytcll with these Arabi, and pmcr their r-m:nmcnt to
our klnp." Thill and Rill .;>t cllcl ab... ber.
Whm M'ulwl>=cl R.W"' bani thll, h <Oiled l.adi ba<t.
and .aieL .,:'attune has turned away her b fn:nft W
ol
A 1ormcu triu lo ''" of CMAlr
ll U rc.lated by the hbtorlaru ch.ac. in tbt (on or Alor
thta'e ww a toOrc.ereu. whid1 in Hindi ;, (A) led Josini. Full..
.Ou ut J)dt.ir: and the noWes o! tJu: city, went to her and_
.aid, ' ' 1t h expected that you wi.ll tell u by your Kicnoc
where Oahlr f.L" She replied that Jhe \\'Ould give them
i nro, rluuion, arcer making e.wper-i rntl'llJ, it they would
allow hCT one day lor- lhe purpoot. She 1hen went to her
howc
1
and tCter tbm watches of the day the brought a
br.,ncn ol the pc-ppu and the nutmq: trtt rrom Sa.rind.lp
with their b!ossonu and tiaria all g!n and
1Jerfea 1n her hand. md sakl. '"I bavt tnvcned ihe whole
wwld rrom Kat to kA(. but round no uace o( him
a.nywbc:rc In Hiad or Sind. not ha'f'C' 1 beud anflhinc o(
bLn. Now ttttle your pla.tU. for if be W'CI"C alie be could
nOt rnnain hidden md c:oncO.led ltom .nc.. To 1'Crlfy my
worcb, 1 havot btc.u.ctn bu.nc.hu (rOm Saraac:lip
uo (""'-" ,. 116 .- go(I.U. TAU i1 .,. iMOfltl f1 1A11

,.n,,. i M$. A. T1t.1 M$. 9. il UJ.

'
that you may have no delusions. I am sure! that your king
is not alive on the face of the earth."
Capitulaticm of the ftYtt of A lM
When this became known, the people of the city, great
.and small, said they had heard of tlie honesty, prudence,
justice
1
equity, and generosity of Muhammad Kasim, and
his frutl1ful observance of his words and promises, and
they had witnessed the same. They would send him a mes-
sage by sorile trustworthy person, prayfor mercy! sur-
render' the fort. When Fufi was assured of Dah1r's death,
and of the wavering of the people, he came out of the fort
with all hlf relations and dependants, at the time when
tlie' king of the stars had passed behind the black curtain
of' rtig:bt, and went towards Chitor Gaipur):llG His brotlier
Jmi'ya and other sons of Dahir were there, and had talcerl
up' their residence at a village called Nuzul.SandaJ.u
There was a man of the tribe of ' Allafi in Alor, who had
made friendship with Fufi; he wrote information of Fufi's
retirement and flight, and fastened the paper to an
arrow shot it (into the camp, Jnforming the Arabs) that
Fllfi, aon of Dahir, had abdicated the chiefship of Alor, and
had departed. Muhatnmad Kasim then sent his brave
warriors to' fight, and they ascended the ramparts of the
(ort a'nd made the assault.
The citizens crtwe protection
AI[ . tlie mercl1ants, artizans, ans} tradesmen, sent a
'message saying, "We have cast off our allegiance to tll-;
Bralimans. We have lost Rai Dahir, our Chief, and his
son Fufi has deserted us. We were not satisfied until to-
day; but as it wu d'estined by Cod that all' this shot1ld
happen, nq creat\.tre can. oppose His will and power, nor
can anything, &done against hiq1 by Coree or fraud. The
domimon of .thif world is no one's property. When ' the
army of Godls destiny comes forth from behind the vei l of
secrecy,.it depriyes kings of tb,eir thrqnes and crowns,
"'fH Jatrur," in B.]
"' Wa Jai siyo ilugiya (WI> .....ogj:)IG) <mba Dal<ir '""" uja
budond wo moucoi o.tl ki .m ro 114.11tl-salldol (wa o/iy<Jh hodocl) goy
oncl "''io saki" shttdth buclilnd.]
7
..
and dri,a olben to desp::ti:r fi11. c:hanrc or dr
cumuanca and Lhe OCCUJTel'kle of olamiUo. No dtptn-
k phlcrd u-pon either oJd or ocw
auchoncy, which arc &cd-':8' We now come
.ubm.lnfwly co you c:onlid:inc in you.. ju equity. we
put under JOUr fOle. We tumndcr 1.hc: ron. to
ihe of5ctn o t_hc:- jun Amr. Grant ua prottttion and reo.
move l.ht fear of your army !tom our mfnda. Thn andenc
domtnion and txttnl ivt t.uritory wen: (nt.rutkd. co UJ by
RAI Oahb-, and u long u he w:u uli,e we obterved our
JJI($'f1Du tO hJm. Dut ll.t he ls t lai n, and hb aon F\afi baa
run llwl\r, h b now better !or Ul co obey you."
mad "1 JCnt you no nor amb:1tdor:
of your own accord you 1ue Cor 11nd md:c promiJa
and Cf\Rif(tlDtftL&, U you :ne r.ruly tnclfned to obey me:,
llOJ) r.shl,l"'fe, and with aino:rity and confidence come down.;
i not, 1 wiU bar oo excuses a!w:r thJJ. nor tUb any
m.lJea. J will no. spare ,ou.. nor can you be .u 6vm
my army."'
The c.rrilon
TN-n they .,._ down &am the n.mp>rts IJld >grd
will! ctcb otbet Wt on tbae: ttnna the1 would open tN
att and nand at it till thould come.
Thty uJd th2t if he wo1:rJd 11tmrdinr to bh prombe,
and would treat thon gc:naou,Jy, lhcr wou.ld tubmit tt>
btm 11.nd '"''e hjm, witll.o"t a.ny excutt. Then they took
chc key oC the fort in the.ir bandt nnd at()Od before l he
and t11e officen or R:ajjaj, who had been tclectcd,
cnrne flwwnrd: llu: garrison opened cbe and m11de 'heir
wbmissio''
' Mulr4tnm44 Kluirn tlr Jmt
M uhamroad K.as:im chen ttl tc:red c.b.e guc. AU the
c:ititJM had ClOUK' to the teJDpJc or !ol....nt.ar.m a.nd were
p<OJtntJn,f thtmKI.., all<! wOnhlppina the Idol lolulum-
mad KulM a.ted. wba.t ... t!Uit U the IJ$1 men
and tbe nobta beelinl btfore it, a.nd p:os-
lnticu"' HC' wu told that tt wu a temple c:aJ.Icc[ Nau-
111 rn.- tirl( _..f#o,,w l#/I;JW 6fht. (!lUll iJwn
w.t '""'" I IN .tii!!!V ._ Ill .t'-1 ,.,.,._) _
I

v!lw-. Muhammad &>lim ordered lhe cloor ollhe _,pie
&o be opened, and u.w m image mounttd on a hont:.
Re 1n with tili and found t.l111 U wu m.ck
of hard and pldm bncdc'u. onwnc:ntcd wh.A
rubfa and other prcdous nona, were on fu b.lncla. Mu-
lwnm.ld K.ulm JU'Cc.cbtd. out hU band 2nd cook o4 one ol
brutleta. He then calttd the kper of the ltrnple or
.8udh. N"u vih11r, aid, u that your tdol?" He re-
plied, "Yotl' but it two br ... c:tlc:u, and now it bu only
one: MttliUUUU\tl KIUi m said. "DOC'I not your sod know
who bu SCOt hb k.t.(!per hung Ctown hit
head. Kfuhamm11d X.a.&h:n laughed, 11nd b:ack. the
to t1im, and they replaced it on the hand of tht
idol.
Mullmmod Karim of'dm t o b1
Muhammad JUJU. ordered that if rniHtlf)' bowed
Lbt.it hco..lda in wbmU&iott they abould not be tilltd Lad.i
""' "lhe poopl< o1 lhh =ur .,. d>k!y -tmco. bu
JOIIIC are merchants. 1'lle citY it inhabh:< a.a.d iu la.nd
cuhlvatcd. by l.bc:D, and tbc: amount ot the taxa will be
ruliud from their eQlni.ng:s md tilla,t If t.bc U
fi.-e<l on ('ll<h penon... Muham.rud "Xufm Ald. "'lU.ni
J..adi h.at ordcrtd .. and bt gave protection to all.
A /Jet"Sun forff'J(ltd And ttGWI mtrC'j
h U tl,llfctl by the biJtorUuu, that lrom amongu. tbt
prople who were given up to the executJont' tO be put
tO death, 11. penon Q.triCI forward nnd ''l h.nvc a won
dtrfuJ thfns to 'how." The executioner tljd, "Let me a.ee
it.j' Re ..nc:!, J will not tbow it to )"'U, but co
oomrn;nli!tr." 'ftm was t'CpOfttd to Muharnm:ad Kalm.
and be ordered him to be before him. \Vlxn he
.....,, he ulctd hlm what woocltr he luod to .bow. The
miJl a..ld h waa a &hlft whic..h nobody had rtt Mu-
lwamad R.Um .ukl, Bring i,.'" Tbc Brahman rtpl.ied,
"''t you rnnc b\J We:, anci thn of all ud olmy ro-
lt.atily, and dJ.il4ren."' K...U.. Jaid,
tOO
HISTORIANS OP SIND
"I grant it." He then asked him for a written and ex-
press promise under his gracious signature. Muhammad
Kasim thought that he would produce some precious gem
or ornament. When a strict promise was made, and the
written order was in his hand, he pulled his beard and
whiskers, and spread out the hairs; then he placed his toes
at. the back of his head and began to dance, repeating this
saying, "Nobody has seen this wonder of mine: Tlle hairs
of my beard serve me for curls." Muhammad- Kasim
was surprised at this. The people who were present said,
"What wonder is this for which he wishes to be/.ardoned?
He has deceived us.'' Muhammad Kasim replie , "A word I
a word, and a promise is a promise.' 'To belie oneself
is not the act of a great man.' 'Know that he who retracts
is a treacherous man.' 'See bow a (true) man observes his
Ilromise.' 'If a person fullil his words, he is more exalted
'i:lian you can conceive.' We must not kill him, but we
will send him to prison, and report the case to Hajjaj for
his decision.'' Accordingly the execution of that man and
of twentytwo of his relations and dependants was pOstpo-
ned, and a report of the case was written to Hajjaj, wno
asked theo learned men of Kufa and Basra to pronounce
dieir opinions: A report was 'also sent. to'NbdU-I ' Mil!ik',
the K'h'altfa of the time: The answer which came fiom
the Khatib.. and the learned men was, that such a case had
already occurred among the friends of the Prophet-may
peace be to him! God says, "He is a true man who fulftls
his promise in God's name.'' When the answer to this
effect came, the man was liberated. witli all his depen.
dants and relations.
]aisiya goes to Kuraj
It, is related by the great and principal men, that wHen.
Jllisiya with seven hundred men, foot and horse, reach'ed)
the- fo;t of K:uraj ,m the chief of that place came forth
receive him. He showed him much attention, and.
pired his. hopes by great promises. He told him that
would ,assist him against Muhammadans. .
tomary with Darohar120 Ra to take one days hohday m
""[Su Su,l>rCJ.)
,. [Tile "Duhol" of "Biladt<ri, Jl. 124.]
tlOl
evt:Df ;1ix mont h!, ddn)( wi'ne .with women, hc1r and
au dancing. No lnmger wu J.<bnhced co be roue of d)e
compauy. lt happened chat on the day JaiJiylt
Dar'Ohar Rai wu Celebrating this (atival. Be: sent 1. per
10n co Jai.tiya to u.y th.:tt on tbat. day he was in prh'lcy. and
no could come to h(s chamber; but as he! (filii ya)
)MI.) ,w:ry deu.r guest. aud was .by biut.& ftit JOn,
he might auen<l Jallva bent down Ma wnd drawing
Unet on the canh d.id noL look :u the women. Darobar
told bim We they might be as his Qtti.dya's)
mother and .Wtera; be might Hit up bi bead .and 'loo'k.
Jaiaiya <tlid, ,;1 um origi.u ally ._ monk, and J do .not ... look
ll.t. nny Woman wbo lJ a ttnnger. Darohar tben excused
him rrom looting. and praised tii" and mo-
dony. l t U n.amttM, th:;u when flu: women came round
him, there was amOUJl' them tht lister o( Oarotu.r, whose
rutme was Janki. tluu fs. beaud{ul, and s.he She
was a woman o roya.l det.cent. nnd po$$t$$td o gro.t charms.
She was elegant in suture tJ,e Jltniper. tree, geoerou.s In


ll(:f' Wfll'dS were Ji kc I .Jtring' O( peaill,. bCJ' eyes
b.:mdlc>me, md her cheeks Uk.c tuHpa or When ibe
aaw him, l ove tor J aU.i)a took h.old o her heart. Sbe
look(d at hlrn e\'ery mowenl, and miLd<:: lo\'e to him bv
htt geatures. Whet Jnbiysa went away, Jank.if the aiatei-
or l)tl.I'Ohilr, arose and went tO htr howe. She had a litter
prepsred.. in which Jh.c seated Rnd ordering her
miLtdJetVa.nU to aJ}J it, ahe prooeed:C'd to JaUiya's dwd.l
i06'. There &he al&Jned mJm the litter went .i?
gone to sleep. but when the 'mell or "Wl l\0,
hi$ hn1i n;he awo'lte ..mt
:U.w ftnM -tilting bcstde hUn. He rose uP. 'i.nd ' aaia,
'I.Prin'ctil what has brouJtht you hcre1 \"hat lifme is thiJS
fur )'Otl 1.0 come here?" '!ihe repUed, '\Foolish fellow, there
ia no neoeMhy to n.sk. me about this. Would :t, yaulg ttntl
woman come In the -very darJc: of the nig1u to
vls1t a prince llko you? Would he T0tt$e him from awt
tlurnber. ana wiih to atee-p wid1 him, but [or one pur_pose,
part:iet:ilafly .._ btauty Uk.e me, wno !h.a.. JtCluoed 11. W.otld
wtrh ber bla.ndbhmenu and coquetry, :rod tmtW:: princes
mad with -d.ulrt? ' \'ou ,muu know weU ana [ully llnY-'Ob-
Cor how can il tonctaled (-rOm T-a&
.advantage C)( tll.U :mccet:S 'till morning." o;ala,
102
HlSTOIUANS OP SIND
"Princess I cannot consort with any other woman than my
own lawful and wedded wife; nor ought such a thing to
. be done by. me, because I am a Brahman, a monk, and a
continent person, and this act is not worthy of great,
learned, and pious men. Beware lest you defile me with
so great a crime." Although she importuned him much.
he would not accede to her wishes, and struck the hand of
denial on the tablet of her breast.
]o.nki is disappointed lry ]aisiya
When Janlti was disappointed, the said, "Jaisiya, you
have deprived me of tbe delights and raptures I antictpa
ted. Now have I determined to destroy you, and to make
mysel the food of fire." Sbe then retired to her house,
and covered herself with her clothes. Having closed the
.door, she tossed about on her bed till day-break, and was
uttering these couplets:-"Your love and your charms have
burnt mr, heart." "The light of your beautY. has illumined
my soul. ' ''Give me justice or I will weep. ' "I will burn
myself, you, and the city together." The next day, a).
though the king of the stars had raised his head from the
bastions of the 1leavens and tore up the coverlid of dark
ness, Janki was still asleep. The fumes of wine and the
effects of separation mingled together, and she remained
l.yt "ng till late, with her head covered with her bedclothes.
.King Darohar would take no breakfast, and drink no wine,
till his sister Janki showed her [ace. He always paid her
much honour and respect. So he rose and went to his
sister's apartments, and found her overwhelmed with care
and melancholy. He said, "0, sister! 0/rlncess, what haa
wme over thee, that thy tulipcoloure face is changed
and turned pale?" Janlti rephed, "Prince, what stronger
"reason can there be than thts?-Tbat fool o Sind surely
saw me in the gay assembly. Last night he came to my
house, and called me to him. He wanted to stain the
skirt of my continence and purity, which has never been
polluted wtth the dirt of vice, and to contaminate my piOU$
mind and pure person with the foulness o his debauChery,
and so bring my virgin modesty to shame, The king must
exact justice for me from him, so that no rockless fellow
.may hereafter attelfipt such perfidy and violence." The
. fire of anger blazed out in Darohar, but he told his aister
' I
I
I
J
I


I
,.
1-
CJlAQINKMA lOll
that Jaisiya was their guest, and moreover a monk and a
Brahinan, who was connected with them. He had come to
.ask assistance; and was accompanied by one thousand war-
riors. He could not be killed. He was not to be destroyed
by force; "but," said he, "1 will contrive aome plot to slay
hun. Arise and take your morning meal. As no crime
has been committed no open threat.s can be made."
Darohar contemplates treacherous measures against ]aisiya
Darohar came to his palacet called two armed blacks,
-one of whom was named Kaoir and the other
Bhaiu, and thw addressed them, "I will invite J aisiya tc>
<lay" after breakfast, and entertain him; after dinner, I will
,dnnk wine in a private apartment, and play chess with
bini. You must both be ready witli your arms. When I
.say shah mat (check-mate), do you draw your swords and
kill him." A man .of Sind, who had been one of the ser-
vants of Dahir and was on terms of friendship with an
attendant o Darohar, became acquainted with tliis scheme,
-and informed Jaisiya of it. When at the time of dinner,
an officer of Darohar came to call Jaisiya, be said to his
thakurs who were in command of his sold1ers, "Oh Gursia122
.and Sursia, I am going to dine with King Darohar. So
you prepare your arms and go in with me. When I am
playing Chess with Darohar do you stand close behind him,
be careful that no eye may fall on me, or any treach-
.erous act be done or contrived.
]aisiya comes with his two armed men
Aceofd.ing by they went to the court, and as Darohar
had omitted to order that no other person except Jaisiya
should be allowed to come in, both the attendants went
in ana stood behind Darohar without his observing them.
When lhey had finished the game of chess Darobar raised
'his l!ead, in order to make ibe signal ,to his men, but he
.saw that two armed men were standing ready near him.
He was disappointed, and !aid, "It is not checkmate, that
'Sheep must not be slain." Jaisiya knew that this was the
signil, so he arose and went to his house and ordered his
>.horses to be prepared, He bathed, put on his arms, got
"'("SoliDI" ill B.l
l!:l ["Tur:iyo/' A1 S. B.J
HISTORIANS OP SIND
his troops ready, and order.ed them to mourn. Darohar
sent an. officer to see what was doing. He returned,
.and satd, "May God's blessmg be upon that manl His.
nature is adorned with th.e ornamcniS of temperance. He
is of noble extraction, and his works are not evil. He al-
ways strives to preserve hls purity and holiness in the fear
of God." It is n:upted tliat when Jaisiya had bathed.
taken food, and put 011 his arms, he loaded the baggage on.
and passmg under the palace of Darohar, left him
_.wit!1out paring him a visit and saying farewell; but he sent
to inform 1im of his departure, and marched away with
all his relations and dependants. He travelled till /le
,cMd the land of K.assa,m on the borders of Jalandhar.
::rhc Chief o it was named Balhara, and the women of
thc,cquntry called him Astan Shah.m ,He remained there
,till the succession of the K.hilafat developed upon 'Umar
Aziz, wben 'Amru, son of Musallam b)l the orders.
o the government, went to. that country and subjugated it..
An nccount of the courage of ]aisiya, and the reason wizy-
he was so called
It was related by 60me Braltmans of Alor that Jaisiya.
,sgn p( Dahl!, was unequalled in bravery and wisdom. Tile
Hory of his birth tuns, that one day Dahir Ra.i went hunt-
ing with all the animals and all the equipments of tbe
chase. When the dogs .and leopards and lynxes were set
free to chase the deer, and the falcons and hawks were fly-
ing 1n the air, a roaring lion (slier) carne and terror
an,d alarm broke out among the/!!ople and tne .hunter;s ..
Dahir alighted from his horse, an on foot to oppose
the lion, which also prepared for Dallir wrapped a
round hls hand which he put mto th&beast's
;then raised his sword, and cut off two of his legs. .He
tl:len drew out his hand and thrust his sword into tbe belly
and ripped up the animal so that it fell down. Those
men who had Red for fear came home, and told the Raui
-.that Daltir Ra.i was fighting with a lion. The wife _sJf
i1 MS. A. "Kasar" in B. Stt Bilod11ri, .nl{>l'll.)
'"' JUS. A. Jays, .wo an ,11f4lik ra Bilh4r ,110110 b1l{l 411 Nisa
asian s ah go/land.
MS. B. sa:ys, ""'an malik ra Bilhara uqv A.ta 'i(J(Ita/1 ( ?-)
ooftandi.J '
il
10$
,P;il;ijr, w11s big with child when she heard this news, and
frow the Jove she bore her husband she fell and swoo-
ne.d.away. Before D;Lhir had returned, the soul of his wife
departed from her body through fright. Dahir came
found her dead, but the child was mo\!ing in tbe womb
. sp he ordered her to be rut open, and the child was taken
out Jl.live, 11nd given over to the charge of a nurse. The
was there(ore called Jaisiya, that is, "al-mu;affar bi-l
.Mad," or in Persian, slzer-Jiroz, "lion-oonqueror.''12G
4pPointment of son of Asad, who was ffle issue of
,the dtlughter of AJina.lt, son of Kais
;I'he of this bride, and the embellishers of this
have thus he.ard from 'Ali bin Muhammap biv.
bin .Muharib and 'Abdu-r Rahman son of 'Abda-
$aliti, that when Muhammad Kasim had subjugated
the proud people of Alor
1
the seat of government, and all
the people nad submiuea to him and obeyed his rule, he
appointed ,t.tawah, son of Asad, who on his mother's side
was one of the grandsons of Ahnak, son of Kais, to the
chiefship of Alor and entru.sted the matters connected with
the Jaw and religion to Sadru-1 Imam al Ajall al 'Alim
Burhanu-1 Millat wau-d Din Sai{u-s Sunnat wa Najmu-sh
Sh;u:i'at, that is, to Musa bin Ya'kub bin Tai bin Muham
1pad bin Shaiban bin 'Usman Sakifi. He ordered them to
comfort t.11e subjects, and leave not the words "Inculcate
works and prohibit bad ones," to become a dead letter.
f.te .gav.e them both advice as to tlleit treatment of tl.\e
l),eP,p).e. J}Pd leaving them entire \>ower, be then
1
marche!I
ft:om: chal place 1\lld journeyed ti I he a'rdved at the !ort
on the south bank of the Dias. It .was an.old
fQrt, )lnd the, chief o( it was Kaksa.
X4k.sa is a,nd 'cotnes to Muhammad Kasimm
K.aksa, son of Chandar, son of Silaij, was oousin of
"'!.Tb .H/Ime thtrt{Dt't would sctm lo bt /ai Sing.
"'[A(S. A. hos "bato" B. hiU "yo bibafo".]
"'[Thit Modiotg it nol given in MS. B. Tile /1111 rtading of
AfS. A. it "Subjugation o Kaksa and the coming or Silaii to M .
.Kasim." Th gmtclagy which fallows is token from MS. B. The
other MS. begi..s "Silaij, """'" a/ Dohir," wloich it on
blunlkr. the heading and lht /uwiJog twobably btm jumbl#d
togtther.]
106
HISTORIANS OF SlND
Dahir, son of Chach, and was present in the battle which
Dahir fought; but having Bed lie had come to this fort in
wretched plight, and haa taken up his abode in it. When
the Muhammadan army arrived, a contribution and hos-
tages were scm, and the chiefs and noblers went forth and
made submission. Muhammad Kasim showed them kind-
ness, and granted them suitable rich khil'ats, and asked
them whetfier Kaksa belonged to the family (ahl) of Alor,
"for they are all wise, learned, trustworthy, and honest.
They are famous for their integrity and honesty." He ad-
1led, "Protection is given him, so that he may come with
hearty confidence and hopes of future fovour: for he shall
be made counsellor in all affairs, and I will entrust him
with the duties of the Wazarat." The minister Kaksa was
a learned man and a philosopher of Hind. When he came
to transact business, Muhammad Kasim used to make him
sit before c.he throne and then consulted him, and Kaksa
tOok precedence in the army before all the nobles and
commanders. He collected the revenue of the country, and
c.he treasure was plaoed under his seal. He assisted Muha-
mmad Kasim in all his undertakings, and was called by
c.he title of Mubaralc. Mushir, "prosperous counsellor."
Conquest of Sikka Multanm by Muhammad Kasim
When he had settled affairs with Kaksa, he left the fort,
crossed the Bias, and reached the stronghold of Askalanda,uo
1
.
the people of which, being informed of the arrival of the ('1.
Arab army, came out to fight. Rawa,tao son of 'Amiratu-t
Ta6l and Kaksa headed the advanced army and commenced
batt e. Very obstinate engagements ensued so that on
boc.h sides streams of blood Bowed. The Arabs at the time
of their prayers repeated "Glorious God" witJ1 a loud voice
1
and renewed the attack. The idolaters were defeated, ana
threw themselves into the fort. They began to shoot ar-
rows and Ring stones from the mangonels on the walls.
The battle continued for seven days, and the nephew of
the chief of Mullan, who was in the fort of that city, made
,. [It is htr. intJOriabiJi c l l ~ d siklloh-i-tnulltm ;,. bolh MSS.
Tht Alsaka of Biluduri, Supra.]
,. [A.salartda A. Ala Kartdoh B.]
,. [Rartda i11 B.}
107
.Juch attacks that the army began to be distressed for pro-
vuions; but at last the chief of Askalandaut came out in
the night time, and threw himself into the fort of Sikka,
which 15 a large fort on the south bank of the Ravi. When
their chief haa gone away, all the people, the artizans, and
merchants sent a message to say that they were subjects,
and now that their chief had Oed, theY. sob cited protection
from Muhammad Kasim. He granted this request of the
merchants, art.itans, and agriculturists; but he went into
the fort, killed four thousand fighting men with his bloody
sword, and sent their families mto slavery, He
as governor of the fort 'Atba, son of Salma Tam1mi, and
himself with the army proceeded towards Sikka Multan.
It was a fort on the south bank of the Ravi, and Bajhra
Taki, grandson of Bajhra (daughter's son), was in 1t.m
When ne received the intelligence he commenced opera
tions. Every day, when the army of the Arabs advanced
towards the fort, the enemy came out and fought, and for
seventeen days they maintained a fierce conflict. From
among the most diStinguished officers (of Muhammad
Kasim) twentyfivc were killed, and two hundred and fifteen
other warriors of Islam were slain. Bajhra passed over the
Ravi and went into Mullan. In consequence of the death
of his friends, Muhammad Kasim had sworn to destroy the
fort, so he ordered his men to pillage'" the whole city.
He then aossed over towards M"ultan, at the ferry below
the city,t3< and Bajhra came out to take the field.
Muhammad Kasim fights with the ferrymen
That day the battle raged from morning till sun-set,
and when the world, like a day labourer, covered itself with
the blanket or darkness, and the king of the heavenly hoit
covered himseU with the veil of concealment, all retired to
their tents. The next day, when the morning dawned
from the horizon, and the earth was illumined; fighting
again commenced, and many men were slain on both sides;
but the victory ,emained still undecided. For a space ot
1Askala11/kl A. Aod Kanlklh B.)
Bajhra '''"" MUWD Kh Bajhro loki lklr "" hisor bwd.)
,. (Khorob K<>rdDnd.J
.. [Guzari M11/to" yon; &ir MtJ/4,..)
lOS
HISTORIANS OF ,SIND
two .months mangonels and ghazrakslaG were used, .and
stones and arrows were thrown from the walls of the furL
At last provisions became exceedingly scarce in the camp,
and the price even of an ass's head was raised 10 five hun-
dred dirams. When the chief Gursiya, son of Chandar
nephew of Dahir, saw that the Anbs were noway
cned, but on the were confident, and that he had
no prospect of relief, he went to wait on the king oi Kash-
mir. The next day, when the Arabs reached die ott, and
-the fight commenced, no place was found suitable for .dig-
_ging a mine until a person came out o the fort, and suea
:for mercy. Muhammad .Kasim gave him protection, and
,1\e .pointed out a place towards the north on the banks of
a nvcr;uo A mine was dug, and in two or three days the
w.all$ fell down, and the fqrt was taken. Six thousand
,waFdOrs .were put to death, and all t11eir relations and
were taken as slaves. Protection was given to
the merchants, artizans, and tl1e agticulturists. Muham-
mad Kasim said the booty ought to be sent to the treasury
of the Khalifa; but as the soldiers have taken so much
pains, have.suJfered.somany hardships, have hazarded their
lives, and have been so lpng _a time employed in digging
we :.mine and ca.trying on tlie .war, ,and as the fort is now
r.ak..en, it is proper that the booty should be divided, ,and
lheir dues gven to the soldiers.
Division of Plunder
Then all the great and /rincipal inhabitants of the
city assembled together, an silver to the weight of sixty
thousand dirams was distributed, and every horseman got
a share of four hundred dirams weight. After this, Mu-
hammad Kasim said that some plan should be devised for
realizin_g the money to be sent to the Khaliia. He was
pondenng upon this, and was discoursing on the subject,
when su<fdenly a Brahman came and said; "Heathenism is
now at an end, the temples are 'thrown dow!J, the worl,d
has received the light of Isla.m, and mosques are built in-
* [Translottd ua brta.stplote," "tuorlikt instrumnat," ;,. Riclwrd-
SOrJ's The Hofl Kul#tttn soys -it olso btars lht meani"g
tJ/ Ol/.ttU'i'UI o.s "Jav6lin.s/' Ndoggl1"s."
(" ob jui". This can lrordly tllto" 1/tc tlll)in ritJtr.}
CHA'CHNA'MA
109
stead of idol temples. I have heard rom the elders of
Multan that in ancient limes there was a chief in this city
whose name was Jibawin,m and who was a desceodant of
we Rai of Kashmir. He was a Brahman and a monk, he
strictly followed his religion, and always occupied his time
in worshipping idols. When his treasure exceeded all
limit and computation, he made a reservoir on the ea.uern:
side of Multan, which was a hundred yards square. In the
middle of it he built a temple fifty yardssquare, and he
made there a chamber in which he concealed forty copper
jars each of which was filled with African gold dust. A
treasure o three hundred and thirty mans of gold was
burled were: Over it there is a temple in which there is
an idol made of red. gold, and trees arc planted round the
.reservoir. " It is related by histotians, on the authority
of 'Ali bin Muhammad who had heard it from Abu Mu
hammad Hindui tlut Muhammad Kasim arose and with
his counsellors, guards and attendants, went tO c.he temple.
He saw there an idol made of gold, and its -two eyes were
bright red rubies.
Reflection of Muhammad Kasim
Muhammad Kasim c.hought it m i ~ t perhaps be a
mao, so he drew his sword to strike ll; but the Brahman
said, "0 iust commander; this is the image which was made
by Jibawm,t" king of Mullan, who concealed the treasure
here and departed. Muhammad Kasim order ed the idol
tO be taken up. Two hundred and thirty mans of gold
were obtained, and fohy jars filled with gold dust. . They
were weighed and the sum of tliirteen tliousanti ' 11nd' two
Hundred mans weight of gold was taken out. Thisgold:
and the image were brought to the treasury together with
the gems and' peuls and treasure which were obtained rom
we plunder of the city of Multan.
lt is said by Abu-1 Hasan Hamadani, who had heard
it from.KhariJn son of 'Omar, that the same day on which
the temple was dug up and the treasure taken out, a letter
came {rom Hajjaj Yusuf to this effect:-"My nephew, I had
agreed and pledged mysel
1
at the time you marched with'
'"' ["jtll" in MS. A. al<d "jobwin" i>t MS. B. Tltt- tiCo"tl ltlltr
may bt ., 11M1kiug the tliltM ltMUr-or Ja.nuitl.1
. ,. [''/;buin" in MS1 A. "!a/btu'' i" MS. B-.]
110
th.e: army, to rt:}llly the whole inruntd by the put>.
lie trCU.ll.lf")' iu 6lling Otlt the expedit.ion, to tlae Kblllifl)
Walid bin 'A.bdul bin Marwa.n, and it is incumbent
on mt to do ao. Now the allUDCI of tho money due b;a.ve
beeo ex.amined and it ia !ou.nd th.at &i.xty
d:tOll3alld dlniUJ in pore itver JUlvc bteu expmded {Ctr
Kt.sim, ao<l up to thiJ cl.au: there bu been
reteived in OOdJ. and scui& one hundred.
"'ld twenty tllousi.nd diranu weighLut Wherever thet'e -j"
t n ancient pb:: Qr (aniOU$ town (lr city, m.0$4lUC$ and/u].
piu shouJd be erected there: and the lthutba thoul be
and tbc coil\ struck in the nunc of tllia government.
And :u )<OU Ju.vo nccompU!hcd &O much with thb army by
your SUOd forcunt, l)nd by &eiting fitting oppoi'Wnities, fO
be anured that to whate\c:r phacr of the iiifidds you pro-
ceed ft .thall be conquered."'
Muhammad Kasim rnoAu tct'rM witlr ll1e people()/ Mull4n
Whe.t M'uh2Jil n).lld Kadn) had "-tdtd tunu with the

initablr1o1nh of che city o( Mll111lu be er-ee1ed tl.

ma.' mujid and minllJ'Cts, and he appointed Amir Daud
at.r, &on o Walid 1Jmmanj lu gQ\'CmOf. lie Jdt Khuim,
son of 'Abdu-l M:alit Ta.min in th.e rort of
on. bo.nb o( the wbicb 'wQ.t '1)1ed Solmr
(Sore)).ub Akrama,_ son o( JUhan Shami, was a.ppointC'd.
governor of tho tm-ttory around and Abmad, aon
of Harima, um o-( Madani w.u :lppointtd govtmOr
o tbe (orl:t of Ajf.."l}nul :u'd l{arur.ht Frc despa:tihed the
treasure in boaq tO be carried tu DcbuJtU aua pejd into
tbe trta.I'\IJf or the capital. tie him.seU lta)'(d ln Multan.
and about firty thowancl honeme.n, wfth muni!Jom or
w;tr, were U1lder his command.
Abu JIIJAim is sent QJ fil e ltt4ld of ten thousand. heme
towards K(maui
He then tent Abu UaUm Sbtiba.nl at the head or
cJlnnsand hor'e towards Kana.uj. to t'On\ley a Ietu:r t'rom
,..f'rAU il tll'Of ,,. Mli"o!, do tA1 ltiSS.
qtj{t(' tJQIVt btl $Mt_l'lJ.J
'tM$, A Ieos D Mt "111rbctdo,...)
'" KQt'>J i" BJ
.,. dt NJfl IA.rhti ltouJ Ia 4 aid JQ, '*-'' (B.n) "iMad
6i I!MlJIO" fkr-!d KIII'IO/IJI ,..,.'UINI(I.J
I
'
v
'
I

Ill
the Klu .ma, and with intuuc:tlom to invite the Chic! to
embrnl).: Mul111ronUld1Lnl.rm, to &C!:J'd ui_butt, IJid make hf& ,
ttbmluton. He h.Lnucll went with the army to the bou''
daty of X.,Uhmir wbkh WU caUcd tht 5.vt fiW:rt,lV wh.ttt
Cb.&cb, ton of Sfbij, the father ot D:thir
1
had planted c.bc
fir and the poplar t:f'eett and had marked the
When IJe lht:re he tcnewed the: mart or the
bound.ry.
TM .,.., ond Abu Rolim ct
At lhi1 time the chid of Kanauj was the 10n ot Jalual
Rai. When the a.rmy ruched 111 rar u Udha.br, A.bu
Hakim Sh:albanl ordertd Zllid. ..on of 'Amna Kaltab;, w
be be:lore him. He: Pld. ''Zaid, you ll'lUK 10 on
a miaion co Rai Har CbaDcUr, aon of a.od f!e.Uw:r
the ma.odtc .b hll mbmbdon to bTam, ..nd u.y tlw
from the occlJ\ to lht l,oundary o( R.a.lhmlr all t ings nnd
thieb h1ve acknowledard the: powe-r and authority of the:
nd bave madt their aubt:niMion tO Amlr
' lmadu-d Out. ol the Arab army, llJld pcntanor
o( the ln6dda. That tome hi\'C: embraced l.dam, aftd
othen ha\-e agrttd to tnbutc to the utuur of chc
K.htl.ila. ''
II1UDIIT Of R HtrT Cha1fdr of Koltllwi
Rai Har ClwK!u' rcpHtd. ""'ntis COGntJT for aboul
one thouand lib: hundred h bcea under our rule
1.n.d govcrm.nce. Ouri11& ou:r overclr"tf no entmy hu
ever d.ircd lO enc;roacl\ upon our boUnday, nor hu any
to w, or lO lay hancb our
cmieory. What ft>t h>.-. l ol tbat JCU &!lould, ....., ..,
such pfopodtiom and absurdities in JO':'f" mind. It l&
flor eroper tO tend a.n tftV0'1, to prbon, othcrwlte. for tl\il
and or tbb lmpouabto Chain\ )'OU would dutr\'C
su& trcstment. Olher IJKI prii1cu may linen. ,
co 'JOU, but not J.UI Nw to ,our mau.tr, aod tciJ
him "'" ..., mu>t lip! ap!A&t e>th Olhcr Ia ....S.. lh>l
, .. .. iJ\ A, " lfl'lflllfb4,... 8.1
Is" Svt-1
,. S"l}l rs Sir /J. Jllti.t " rtrwliriNJ o/ ..Aot ,,I'IU o .,
M ":IOI'fiMI ,..,_,_, IN
112
(mr and miat" may be tried, and that eiiJic:r J
m"Y conquer or be oonquued by you. Whtl\ the tupe-
riofi'l' o( one side 01 the other in warCate aod
then peace or war .dull be OP
Wl1en the message awd leuu of Rd Har Chandu.r wu
dcHvcred co J(uirn, be took the :td9ice of all
the dUe/J, nobles. CIOIMUndm, >Del W>Yrion, and Wd,
up to his dmt. by the flvour of C..ol, and che
of che

the .H.ait of lflnd b:n ddt;tted and
v{tt.ory b.a dedan:d '" r.avour o( blarn..
Tocby we c::ome: to m<:OUDter thh (:t.Jkd inftidd .. be
4 puffed up whb hit :umy and eltphanu, Wil.b the powtt'
of Cod .. it bchovec tUu lo e>:f11't y<mrsd'vtt
tlt.tt we nuy rubduc him. and be Vtaorlous and \Uocasrut
C'CC' hlm. AU were ready to figbt acti lbi Har
O.and:ar. and \lnhtd ttsether, .and urged Muha.r'!'unad
l:(im tO declare wAr,
Or!Un from flee- Mutt.m.lft&d Ka.rlm
"l1\e next cby, wbtn T.bt kfftg o( the ht.a\<enly bott
bo,.cd hU ft to the world from- bthlnd the veil or
a drcmedltry rider whh ordctJ ll'om d't ..t('at of
mr.nt Ul'ivtd. Muhammad. ton ot "Ali Abu-) Rtf
Hml.ld2nl AfS, th.t W'hcn bi Dahir wu l::tned, biJ two
d;a_llghtt:ISwerO aeiudtn Ma pa1ue, and
f1"d tent them to )qhdad under the carcto bl.
lfavo. Tbe K.b.alift or the time Jeftl tbtar hu.o
hlj barcn so be tal:m c:are. or fer a few days dU Lhey wue
lit co be prtsentcd co hfm. Arter some dme. the remcm-
br,ance of them re<uJTt<l to the noble rniod ol the Khalib,
and he ordc:rcd t.htm both to be brouaht bc!otc:
rVabL Walid "Ab<h,a..J Malll. told the lntei'Jirf'C:LU to inquire
.lrOJn them which of J.hem Wft, the c.ldttt, th1111 he might
rttJin her by ltld call 1he other JiJCC!I' at a nother time.
The Jalt uked thelr IWIW!IIL The: dda:t .Aid.
"My rwDC II Suryocko. and W }WOIQ< repHed, "my
a.-me b 'Pt.rmaJ.dc:o." De the to him, andr
lht yoonpt he se.nt back. t:. be caUn c:tre or. When he
had made the former tit doYn. and abe Ullo:wut4 be-late:
the Khalib ol tht: time toob:d at bet', and wu
'"' (St.l AJI" II, UP, Aku-1 P6:J lftWIIM
CHACKNA
1
MA
113
of her surpassing beauty and charms. Her powerful glances
robbed his heart of patience. He laid his !land 11pon
Suryadeo and drew her towards him. But Suryadeo stood
up, and said, "Long live lhe king! I am not worthy of the
ktng's bed, because the just Commander 'lmadu-d-Din
Muhammad Kasim kept us three days near himself before
he sent us to the royal residence. Perhaps it is a custom
among you ; but such ignominy should not be suffered
by kings." The Khalifa was overwhelmed with love, and
the reins of patience bad fallen !rom his hand. Through
indignation l1e could not stop to scrutinize the matter.
He asked for ink and paper, and commenced to write a
letter with his own hand, commanding that at whatever
place Muhammad Kasim had arrived, he should suffer
I1imself to be sewed up in a hide and sent to the capital.
Muhammad K11Sim 1eaches Udhafar, and ,eceives the order
from Khalifa's capital
When Muhammad Kasinl the letter at Uclba
Car, be gave lhe order to his people and they sewed him
tlp in a hide, put him in a chest, and sent him back.
Muhammad Kasim thus delivered his soul to God. The
officers who were appointed to the different places retnained
at their stations, while he was taken in the chest to the
Khalifa of the time. The private cltamberlain reported
to Walid 'AbdulMalik, son of Manvan, that Muhammad
Kasim Sakifi had beeen brought to the capital. T.he
Khalifa asked whether he was alive or dead. It was re-
plied, "May lhe Khalifa's life, prosperity and honour be
prolonged to eternity. When the roy;:i mandates were
received in the city oE Uclbapur,m Muhammad Kasirn itnme-
diately according to the orders, had himself sewed up in
a raw and after two days delivered his soul to God
and went to the eternal world. The authorities whom
be had placed at different stations maintain the country
in their possession, Klmtba continues .to be read in
"' [This is the rt<ldilcg of HS. A. i rhis 'ossagt; the ot/ccr MS.
still to its reading "Udhobar." Mir M'a.tWII SOl'S "Udhnpw"
mod t/11 TICh/allil Kiram writts it tuith points "Udaipur." Thtre is
a place of this 1101n ill llct dts<rt north of Billanir.J
8
114
tbe name of tltc Kh.alil::t, aml thel we their ben
VOUI'I UJ euabU.dt tl1eir $Uprcmaty. '
Tht Khclifa llf>t:tll tltc cllut
Tlle l<.l1<tljra tJlen open! the: clteat tnd call ed lhc::
Jirls imo hit He bad a gree-n bunch o( myrtte
m hb h:t.nd) and r.ninting with Jt toward.$ the race o( tbe
corpse, t:1id, "Stc. my d.augl\t:er4 how ruy commaodl whiCh
are- .$tnt to my agc:nu art ob$ervtd llad obeyed by 3n.
\VJu:-n these my ordt:fl re3ched Kanauj, he aacrilictil his
prtdOLU Hie at wy oonnnand."
Th11 addn:w of ]anJci,m dlf.ugllt.ttr of DMir, to Khallfa
'Abdul Mal4, um of Mtn'tuon.
Then the virtuou5 jankJ put orr the veil from he:r
la.ct-, placed her bead on lhe Qfflllf1d, oud

' 'May the
king live long, may his i>:rc)(ptrity and tnoe.asr. (or
many ytara : and may be be with pede
lt ts pn>l.et" I hat a king .shoul d lest with lht tOuchstone or
TCaSOn a.nd weigh in -hU mind wboHt'\'ct h e hem !.rom
friC'Tld or Coe, And wht.n is {ound to be. true and induhi
tible, ordet& compattb!e with. junlce ihouJd be: given.
Ry $() c.Jotng he will not WI under the wroth o[ Cod. nor
be but your gndous mind -u wandng in reason
11.nd j u<;gmtt'U. Muhamnlad Kadm rerpe:cttd our honour,
and beh:.aved like a brother or son to u&, aml he
toudtet.l us, your Jla\.'eJ, whh :1. baud. But he
b.ad.Jdlled the king or Hind 31Ul Sjnd, be had detll"'Ved
the dominion of Oll r forefutben, a.nd he b.ld degraded
us froOl the dignity of royalty to a nate of &la'"ery. 'there-
Cote, to rc"taliue and to revenge these injurieA, we uuercd
.a falt:Chood before the Khnlifill ttnd ol.lr object has been
(ullilled. Through r.hi.s and deoeit have '1\'0
taken our rtvtn.ge. lind the Khllllb not pamd. t'llch pe.
orden, had h,e not J.)Jt hll rtaoon through fh-e
violenoe oC hb paulon. and hnd he COI).).idered it proper
to invenig':tte the m;mer, he would not have tubjecced
"'J'hU 4 lflftrrlffl lld:nt:t' frDffl uWidt 1M 91W# 1
f$nt adtd,

II&
hlnuell to thb rtpe:ntJnce 1.nd rcJ)l'OI.Cb; :and hud Muham
mad J{uim, aui..ued b.U wUdo-11'1. rot'nt co within ot\fl
d.ay'& jounry !tom ebb pW... and ohm lu.,. pot bimool(
into a h.dc, be would bel:n Ubcrated alter
and not have died.." The Khalira wu very lOrry iU thu
cxplanulon}.11nd from of rqnt he bit the bad:. of
hll lund.
J"j opn acfdtaw 1M Khol#
Ja.nki aaain opened' her Ups and Jooled at the Khalila.
'Shll' peretiV'Cd thlt bll anget mum and We
taid.-... f'bc lJ:og tw (II)Mm.ittcd a Vtry gtlHOUI mistake'
for 'be not. On of tWO &lave &irb, lO Juye
a ptnon who bad taktn tafMh'C a liund:red thov.
'and IDI.)(letl women ltlte us. who had brought dawn
vemy chidt who ruled over Hind and Sind ftorn their
thronet to their t:Offi1u: nd who hucead ot ttmpks had
cr<aed """'!...., pulplu, and tolna-. U Moh=cl
K.uitn hwJ bn pilcr of any lluJe nqkc.t or Impropriety,
he ouabt tO b.l\'t bfen on the mere v."Qrd
of a Gcllgnlng penon." The Khkllb. ordered both tbc
inen to l>o between walla. 'F-rom thtn time co
thlt day the Ap o[ blam b.a\'c btc:n more and more en}.
led C'Y'Cf)' day. nd arc till a.dnn(lnJ.
TAIUKUU.S SIND

MIR MUHAMMAD !d' ASUM, OF llHA.I<.KAR
"f'nl$ iJ, the IOO&t copiO\u hiuory of Sind which we po$Sess, ,
inaamud, us besides (OOI.II initg (lll ncoount o( the Arabian
c.Ot\quest. il brings the annnlJ of this rount.ry down to t he
of iu iltcorporadon ir.to tbe Mogl!ul cm.pirc jn the
lune o( Akbar.
The: wort_ whid1 ill caJJtd Tarikb.-i M'uuml,
is diviclcd into four chuptcrs.
Tile firn duptcr conWns lUl ll tcoum of the t.-vtots
led to the a:mctue6:' Slnd by Anb1, and do5CS
wtth the def1th of RuJot

though 1t pro{eue& to wry
the history down to ilie JUtaJi.(a Hanul,
:T'htt a.v.nnd a(tu omiu:.io.s all notice of tbe
two which" el:ap$M between R.arun Mahmud
or G.b.uni. gives' n llCCQli i\C of Sind ti nder the t.mperou
o( Dehll; it\d pC the Swnra nd Samma dynut:ict, aftef tbe
invh'i()n of' T tfnur. The mt.ntior.a :lt the dote of
the chapter thllt h e w.a.s indaed to give an account o( the:
Sumru a.nd Swmq in dcttll. because it was to l;,.e found
uowhe:re dJe. Dut hfJ own iJ much conu$cd rom .hi
to d:HeL \..
'l'he chird chnpte1' is lfew.lrted to lhe hi.uory of the
Arghunja including ru1 aCOOllllL of Siwi, K:md:lh:tr,
tt.; of JOme lebratcd holY men. judges, and Md
of the! kinp ol l.(ull1n. h afro conW.oa n.n tttCOunt, i n
more t han usual derail, of tlte Humayun's Opcr3.
Lion& in and the dC!ICTI, afltr h.i Oighc from
'l'he {ourCh d -::.,,ter tediOu$ relation o d1e
mode Jn which Sind feU the poYfCr of A.Jr.tmr upoo
the of Mlru J:rni Beg of Thattn, A.. 159'l.
\ Ve la.,e ()(GU:ionat n01icts of the i.nte.rfcrenec: of r.he
Firingb in the affitirs or 1'futt li' AI the I.Ulth.Or V.'lll C::Oil
temporary with lhi.t e,ent, he en ten haw very m'inutc ptn.i
.c.ula.rs. which art, however, lor l.be mott part, uninteren
117
irlg. AmCiugn b.is own pc:rscnal experincet. he dcscrlbe&
an imen-iew he b11d wli.h Lhe F..mpe.ror Akbar, who 1Ml!l
tO\ted On bJm t.Jlrefl: vi1Jagl' .4 in J:t.git, i.n t}l.(! diwicl ()(
nhakbr.
M' 1uum. wJto gave. himself t he poetkal
ddc of Nami w:u born Itt mt.illar, in ,Sind, and w:u the
son or $).fAyi buu.inll :m i.nhabiuant or {lie was
U of COJu.idemb e nua.imneut.J, swd he rose to .some
di3tiuctiuu iu tbc senicc of Alc.bllr and _Tahangir. .Rfl
krll)wledge of hit01y was highly Stt emcd 1n bb own dar.
He wu also a. pou o tome repute, and an a:cdJent c:ah
fUs hl.uory_ of Sind was wriuen in A. l).
Tot th,e ltufruetion and hnp,rovement of bit soo, nttmed
Mir 1n th. t, 'by rtlldinl{ It he mi"'t
whu good men of old dfd; that he dlKrimmace I
tWet n fight And wtong; bcuwttn tb:u which is use(ul on.d
the n.nd might1e.'lrf1 tel follow 1he of vll't ut'lull
n1en/ '
The only work quoted by hhn ;u :u1 authority h tbe
Ch::lchnama, which he abridges in his liut chapter, rtlatins
to lhe conquest or S:ind. He Is :md dth
ght.s in rta)mlti1tg mii'Olclell or sainu. but he gives no legcn
dary Ion:: Lil.e the Tubfntul Kiraro. Mir L\{l'll$um tnd his
"''Otl:. ha,t be<m noticed by .et'tnl writers: by &dauni
(under ilrricle "Nami' ') by Haider the
Umra, tht Tuhb.llll ltirllO.. and Mir-a.ti
., Daulat 'Abbasi.'
Cople& of th.IJ hil:tory are common. There are two
i11 The :S:.rhilh o . of which t.ta.IUd'ihtd {t'On
a c06y madf from tb.e author'11 own autO(TIIJili. pie;rc 1$
another ill the Ubni'y of tbe .Roya! Atiauc Sodc:tr, which
hu bb lull! deurlbod by Morly lrt hil 'bat>l..,U{ a
fOlltlh in thl! ;t;:l bn . ..Y .. of the f.aj,t Jndi:a Offioe, "' :inU
!#, a Copy in sti Wiht's Ll>rury wbit-.h was Written for
tiim in ', Thi cdpy ud tbQ.t of tfle 'R. A.,, 'Soc. b'R,C
i.n "three distW!ct (hapten.'' l t ill writt('n
.ltt.'$-'t.. BtMt'Ptb .l.U$. BibHog. 11. Dr
Mof1til t . 'll.
Su ul.11J Bir'ifl
'''"" In tlw ft.'Cr.l. ill lti.s C!U"to,.., of ll..t
CollrCHo,. (11. I 139)) ortd Coil. /tltlt: itt Jd.t p,.,,,. ,.
A.$ .. I. t. 2U,) :
118 UlS'rOIUMG Oli' $l ND
been '&.led tor llu! Collowing tranal.uion&, and are reC.erred
ro MSS. A, 11.11d 8.
At tl1e C!ld of Sir H . .Elliot'.s cop)'. there b a brief
o( Sind i.n "chree diltinct ch.aptera." lt ia wrilkll
in r.he hnnd and hell'$ the ..ame date tas l.bo rest of the
MS. 'l' bougb only uineteea pages. it give1 J.
summuy of the history of Sind, to the tna ol the tau ct:Jl
rury-from bi Sih:traJ, down to Ahmad Shah Dur:mi, The
author's u.a.me ia not gheu, but t.be conttuts 11rt generally
in :l.CCOrdanoe with the hiatmy ()f
' vrorlt tms ' been rnmslatcd by Capt. c. f.falc:t, late
Britbh Rc:sidcm at KhAlrpur, but to licta':lUy, u not to be
lit Cor publk:ation in its preserrt shape. n l ls
has hten r ublished :IS No. Xll New Series, SelectiOns of
Rcw:rdJ o the Covcrnmcnt o! Bombaf. 1855. fThae la
a cop)' of thiJ ll'llnsla:tion in Sir tl. FJltoa!a Ubrary. whic.h,
on h COund to contain maller that i!
absent (rom aU the (i-.;e above llpcdfied. One long
QllOtetl bereaftct, relata to the Sumra dynany, the
history of which is in\ot\led in oondden.hl4! Al'lcnrlty.
1UJ))ts it aup.Plles;, receives fi)JIIe support from
::--fu)\fltul Kinun. but nothing conobOrativt has
bee:n in the other Slndian hi.nories. There il aome
:..ppirent lfmUuity between the general atyle of rbt l1inory
ana that o( the addition:.l 1\'l:ttter. ' Like Mir M'asum, the
writer :.lw.-ys employs some ligu111.the expreuion for tbe
death of a prlncc, but lhh Ll a practice vt:ry common among J
hbtorlans, a.nd the uylc may ha\'e des.i3nertJy hnita
ced, ao that the n-&emblanoo fto evidence of aulh.e:n
ticlt The geue1ill concurrence or the MSS. and the
tl1onty o{ rhe British MV.ttt.tm. MS. I.s auffide.nt to atan1p
tl1<; pw.gc u an lnterpol:u.ion-tllOugh thet"e to
be aome authority for its s.uatemeut3, M.orely. in h it Cti


notices an intupobtio,r in tfte: MS. of thc:' lto)sll
Att\tJt Sooiety, whith oomes in abrur,ly witbjn a few Une&
o( the rttd o[ the hinor)' He llY', ' After thll, Jn the P.J't
sent -MS . there b account o! who w..s ruler. of
Thauh.a (n the time of N;uirud di n Mllhmud King of
Delhi, OC(Ilpyi.rlg six ln 1.bc BaH India douae MS.
(No. 45) tfW: b the h.iJtory c.n<liug
lUter tbe c:t.piwla.don !'Ji Jani: Beg, and &C:t.tin' in f'"urJme'
l
I
I

I
!
..
119
dul he ,f1,..d Jn A.H. 1011 (A.D. lG02), IWd wall wteded in
hb by ht' AOn Mina 'Asi. The .MS. in !.ht
Driti..fb Mwt:um (Addit. No. 10,'100), agrtel with thtt of
_the Ea.u lndb. Hou5e in tb.U re3Jitl,'' 11nd wilh Sir H.
(ttiot't. Ouda 1.& the name o( one the }).riMes in
Malet's but the ma.ncr of Wne pu.ga
dUkn from lli1. J
Sir H. E.Uiot'a copy c:oJttnins 290 folios o! lourtten Uno
each. llod o( tht$e obom fort)'five h.:we I:!Ctu trtnalatcd.
BooKU
l10111d Q/ t.'us Sammo dyH41ty
I T ha3 btt:n :tlready rtlated how Sultan Mahmml came from
Chami, nnd the (ort oC MuJum, brought
the counlry of Sind uod.:r his :aulhority, aad sent l1i3
to govern lt. Alter the dcMh Of Mahmud. the
sovtreignty tw.std co hh offS"pri ng and the government
(of Sind) devoJvtd llllOn ' Abdur b.ihid Suhau Maud.
1'hil prince pvc bitn$eU "J, to the pursuit ol
and heeded not the duties o( government; so the people
ou de clistoant borders to rejet-"t h..i3 audwr-ity and
th.row olf t.he yoke oJ obedience. At that time tbe mttn
ot Sumn U$Cmbled in 1be vicinity o( Thad and raised a
oamed Sumra to the throne. He had pau.ed a long
fihld of the ttlX ol Sumnt.. lie cleared the
counur of This -man rorm.cd connection
w'ilh a powcduJ Zamind:rr in the&e pam, and milf'l'i ed
hii daughter. She bore him a son naJned Bbun.gar. who
On the du.ch o[ hiJ {ather succ:oeded to , hcrceditary
$ltues 3nd ditd after an active: re(gn. .
flli .JOn uame,d Duda then inbcritt<l the nnd
reigned, for Ho ate:nded bb amhority to
NaJrpurl but died in the nowcl ol b..U age.. He left an
'1Tir4 Littft Dt.m"' SinJ. lCa<M.J
Male/& lMMiatiO!f odd.t .. """ nf CftMliJr/' 6111 tltU il iJI if.litiJtr
n/ MSS.}
1110 Hlfi'OJt.IANS OF SIND
i.nlanr son SinsJl:r a d::.ughtcr named Tari. who
for a time anicd on the go,ernment 'and kc:pl the people
under her contrOl. When Slnghu ca.mt or :age hfouetf
a.ssumed the govtrruncnt., and looked llfter lbe atiaiu o(
the rt!Ht!nue the Stact, t)uti$1llng all men who were
dlsotJfectcd and rtbelJjou$. lie direeted hJ& droru againu
the oounuy of Kacfth and e.xcended his " "'ay a.s UJ
Ahnik D:u.o Some )'tara a(ter rlli$ he died, Jeaving no
son; but his wile, Hamun, t:tr'ried on the pern
ment i.n tho (orl of OotlL'l_k, she deputed her brothen
w go vert M uhllnunad Tur and Ttutri. A short time alter
thb the bn:thrcn of Ducb, who were biddtn in t bu
neighbourhood came Corth And op;:o&ed the of
H:unun. One o named ftthu,' detcendllnt of
Ow;la. was i.UJ)portetl by a body of Collowcn.. .He ovcr-
tllrcw all tb0$e wllo Jet up prttenslons to the throne. :tnd
establiahed hJm.seJ in the sovereignty. Afce:t J'cigning
aome ye.1n, he died, when a man namt.d K.h:tiru Qlrried on
tlae l.m5inc:" o the: State, and nutde himselC
Cor bU vinucs. He rt:iKncd fot wm<: years to lbe time
ol bls dtatb.
[MItt's MS. proc.ecd-1 as follows fur .Ml'tiC,.
f)()gcs, inlertxJWting matter not to be /Ourid in a'i of tht
fiw MSS. txttmine-iJ, tU prttJfoUil11l4Ud in pog4 18.]
''With tbc occum:occ of tile Amlrs, Khafi! succeeded
him. and tal on the throne o the kif!gdOIJI- Havi ng ma.dt
gMd (OI' the O)UJ)I ry nl has h.and$, ht. watb
rte.llrl at CMC and rem11incd at ThaUII. Outing his
government the r)'Otl :.nd all the other people of Sl.nd '1'
"-'ti'C relieved from thieve& and diatu.rbc:n o the peace; aD
happy and oontenred. By eh:m.ee i t one (by
i nto his mmd t hat it ,\IU not propc'l" lor him to be
merely fitting on the throne, that it wu beuer to spend
some dme in the the jungks. and plains, whieh
had become from ra.i"' :md where the Wm:ab were
gmt.ing h:.ppaly. Aler thi$, h!lving eolleu.td many men,
lie marclted 11p.imt. We .Buluchis, the

and
Jharejas. On reaclung the.lr bord':f' Ran Mal Sod.ha,
tso tn HS. B. Tit-. otltu !!$. DNtil.l 1!.. NC1111t. MUd "''" il
.. Noi.. '* Ma11j6barif)
'rp,llltmr'' l" MS. A.;J
..

I
I
'
12[
RJm Rtti Jharcja
1
and Mihntn .Bulych, being inlroducccl
hy Amira ana other men or ...,eJtbr. and made
great oiTeclngs. Klullr, pmsc.nting ti"Letn with h:tnd&ome-
prelic!nts i.n retl)l'll
1
ru:.dt hem- vc:ry hllpfi)' He then gnve
them tlleir dismissal.
"ffc propolt<l l'C'IUrning LO ntatta the following
morning, but at that Lime n. Duluth tame
th:t;t the thie\'CS of th.e ui.be or S:\mm:e bad plundered hlt.-
ll'ibe:, tilklng e\t:rythift$' poswsecl On hearing
l<.blkfi{ wM otud' 11 .. storua.bed, nod al the jMUuu mounting
wtth th6sc who were with him he smrtcd and quickly
came agairut this trlbe. lie took all the property which
h.:u! been J'Obbe(l from the Duh\dlj&, and thost men who
hnd d4obc,-cd orders aucl a.cted lr1 tbis, ronwer he punish
ed whh le\'erhy. His arrangements were sucb in a.U t he
country under him, rrom Kachh to Nurpur . tb.at in. the
whole Q tl1;1t no one during his reign disobeyed
bb ordcn; if t.hcy did so, he G"vt: them co lhe $word.
When bt found that c.heac were none tO Sivc trouble, he
nl #.ull t.n Th"u-1. Tn h1a ti1nf'l: !til the-
J.ICOp1e1 the soJd.ien, d..e Ao.li rs, f)'Ots, etc , were very
h)pp)'. He lived a long while at T haua. dU from th1,_
wot!d ho jour-neytd to "tl\e next world..
"A!ttr lhe: of Kh.n. ftt, cl1e people, the men of
wt ight u1\dtt thoe<.e out of tmp1oy, gree.-
ing that it wu proper. rabed Dudn. the wn of Umnr, and
gqndson ot Phchu., to the throne or the aalu..nat in his.
r.
1ate. When all thfl" affairs of the State were firttl'in his
lll,ds, a r.unindar, auue tO pay bis )'Cilfly HtJ!:CS.
He ba' with Duda. Thil had lasted lOme-
time, when one day he apoke of,Jtachh in .. !ollowrng-
tem.s. in hL' j)c* nce, &aying that be hal') hei< that rhe-
Samma tribe 1ad dotemum:d to rome: tn 'thatut w Ul.kt
it. oud dtac. he abc:wld be JUeparc.d for thU . On ltearil]C
this .. Duda. ooUect.i,ag form out o number,. march.c<l w
K1thh, and he &evtrely the ean ot lhose people.
Then 3 Irian o( the Silmr:na t.rUle l):I.!U_ed Lnkha Cli.OOe as.
IUUbaJsatfor, bduging prcxnts, and' it Kc:bhi horse, maldng"
offering oC these, a.nCl aJkinsc pll'dOD lor their dns. Di.!da.,.
\'lhh g?.C ldndneu., gave him prtatnu in mone.)'. a horst,.
und :r khil'"' -alJowing hi111 theu to L })ow
122
ttlSTOklANI Of JINO
with hean 1tt n:at. he came tO "nl:tri, where he spent a long
time.

All We people 11nd f)'Ots wen: wmpletely undu
hi ha.ndl, that without ord<n trom him they ilid nolhi ns.
'\Vb.er' (It Tbari, Ra.n M:tl Sodh.a came, and ma.king hu
lam, 115 " petition, !h:u in the time o( Khafii the
Jat DuluthiJ paid tri bute'. but thllt now iL t h;u
'they, through ignor.mce, h.nd tllkt-n lheir heads fNlm out
o d\e. no<>s of rubminion. He nddcd. tbl\l having htat'<1
oE lhi$ be made him (Dud:a) acquainted whh h. a:nd that
it seemed that 1' lora should be put under him,
which he would take apht.f:. rhem and thu, mating lhtm
pay up thdr arrc:ars of tribt.ne Crom tbt th')'$ (l( Kh6f tO __!
Lhe present Ume., be would brl.ng Jt to' him. T he muou
of hi in this ,.,..,, tho.t a feud
exbted him (R;tn Mal) :.nd the lh1U'e when
a fight had taken ph1ce bct"'<t:en lbe 1>Uties-, m w . id' g.:e:tt
nu,mbers Ol Ran Mal's men bec:n kiUed and w<:lumled,
.sO l1e told :as :tbo\<e to Oud:a to enable him to hiNt hiJ
revenge: upon tbi:m, Dmht being tl 1:5:oo.J Jle:.OU L, ' S"'"c
hirn t:ncoUrngemthr,l.keeping him near him, He aho K:rtt
i.o (all tht men or 1Mtep. "'hen bU n1tncngcn got
\here, and told wbliL A.an Malt bad aa.i.d, they came before
tbt1n with their swords swJpendC"d from rOt.md their.nt.<:ks,
m:Udng tl1eir :t.nd declaring that t.hey IUld aU tbeir
fruni lie:t the s.1ave.s oJ Duda, and if he ordtred tbem
aU to be confined 1bey w(ould not a5k. the reaJOrt why.
Then ta.klng prac:nts ror .Ovda chey a mle to hi1n in one:
wcok.
The messengers who PCCOmf'"'nit.d them ha'ling
reooivtd goOd treacmcnt I t their handt. SJlOk.e in their
&.aid to R;m Mal, "These Jnen havin11 great
C(Jrtftdt.l\CC, h:t.Vt st.nt Only two 0 thti.r trfbt, Ql'ld i'bese.-
Jtavc O?Utt' to nu\l(e lhe.ir g_!Jim;)'OU told me a.nother nory.'
Duda for SOJUt: tUne d('r.a ill(d R:an ]\f:ll on the P.lta of iLl
belng the ratny season: but m 'Ran Mal's brea&t. i.h:at t hoTn
prick:ed hitn, 110 one daY. whh great earnntnm be iruintd
upon being stllowed, to when .puda pvc him fe:ivc,
.and he to his lnhe. On gdt&l_ll) there he became :
Seeing- thiJ, Rt.m Raj JbaTCja :md Mihran
.Bvh.tch, fJUi.eldy going to lh:da. told him of t.tu's circunu-
l
IU
unce. lt catnc tmo Dud&' mind tha.t P.'Ob&blyl.bae anen
wtrt doJI'l whu 1Un Mal had done; thttdOII he dt.ter-
anitttd in ihe flRl pbo: tO )('tl;d rwo men to ka.n M ... who
1.101:1'lln.na; aU &bC tac.u. migbt come and c.U hhn.
dapatcbtd two at cbc dmt ol wboec uri'fll a1 t.bc
rribe wu ahl.c:nt.. h:c- buina con t.O me:
tO collttt ltMpt. His brethem did not PlY the me.ttlgert.
auy UC'I1hon. 1pc:aUng improperly before them, Ran
htllrlng of chc a.rrlv:tl ol thest, eu.me and down with
them ii1 a !ricnd!y mnnnc:r. buc he shortly alter apokc Jn :a.n
unbecoming way, that bt had better coJit()ting men,
and go to Duda, .,.,. hen ir he h:td tulylhinc to ClOmpToin oC
he -.nlsJu tJo ta to him. .3ut huwc\'CI' much tJ1c:y ndvfstd..
h hld no ctl'cct upon hlm: 10 Duda' people rising, lcCL
him, .t.nd rcwrnlNJ' cold all the drcum.uanceJ lO buda.
He, he;tini or tl\u,. eoHeeted many troop-. ud we11t
againM hu ptOJdc. R.an M.al, havinr abo JOt qclbrr a
blyc (Of'Ct. came OUt iftto tbC pla.in. The tWO met
anCJ loupt ror &ix 11ou:n. at which tinwt the nwn of both
lido MoOd raolutt. Many bad faUna 111 duu umoe o( either
pany.
1\t:ill;t oh.iuattd. .and coMinJ OJ\ aU the
men ac Jowu where they stood, ')Cndmg t6c dfl'le fu tJian--
alnA" opcudona for the morrow. to the motnf" the two
!ott recommenced fi.ghdng, when by ch21HX a.n arrow
.,,.,tk Mal In the throat, and hi life co helL
Crcu rw ciJeu couk p<scslon of biJ troojn. bcc:Motr Kil
aony without a Mrdor h like a wan wh.hout a J1cad: 10
turned their beet in the dirtttlon o( light, 1ihen
t)nda.'' tuM. parauiot c.he1.11, flew tp'"Cat 1lhu1bert, nd phm-
dc4 rht !ore being pur \0 fli&ln. ll&i Sins
and J"'l Mol came u ambusadort, praenu to.
Ducbi, and r.ht)' obtaintd o( tbe&r (lulu..
ouda afttt that wmt tO Nurpur. the Z.muahn,
<bldmca aDd uw of bleb pb<c l>rouat>t him pmma,
ond Ou'!', tllat, r<m:Unod ilwn - lime.
durinc wbtdt bibs, tht .on of Ran Sodha. tw...usht
two fine X.achhl u an ocrinr and bAt
to hfm. lie dechrcd that hb l>tli<m Md Induced Ran
Mat tO tum hi.J !roLo and b.oflltt rtbelliou.a apin.st
him (Om1a), tu 1.uudl $0 that Ibex mtn t\'CI) r10w
121
disobedient. a.nd that i a (or watt row the k.Ur and
Jnml4he them they DOl do to .,ain.. but woulcl
M.lwnya bring prtK.nts. upon clW fcft N;urpur aDd
by fora:d marche. came lhl'TC'. l.mt nfter dol nJt 10 ht: dis-
tlut the lP ethern of Ran Mal and other& would
not acce to b.aw; Sabiba .. the.ir M:rdi:T. JO h.e undt:ntood
tJuu n wp on thb account that h had btou8ht him t.hfrt.
Dudn then IUilllnonc<l au Lhe tdll(, \tiling thM! td
t<1 have SaLiba u their chief whh all the.lr hcaru. Qy
this OC'Cicl' they ogftOd co do 10 when s.11;ba ptt"'nl<d
Rs. 20.000 u "llD'IIM. f')oada mlJ'<hin& thc:noe <2-mt to
Thaua. there. Frorn thence he tm .. -elle<l t()
thlt otbc:c wold,
on 11M: death o1 Dud> bt.- u,... whh lbc fd oC
the nobles: atlod other men or cou,..- tat on the th-rone.
When lli$ bthcr'a countty came huo hit ban<b be took to
drinldng J.r.aying no llttention to lllt couna-y. o ...
this the Samm1u, the Sodhu. the Jt.a at1.d Bulu-
chis lilt o! hit ordut,. becomina; rebdUow.
When Mulla Hamid hwd of tb.u he told Umu ot h. ho
coUealng a oroe. \\'&nL tOWIItb Knd\h, On hit J'
proach the Surimu havi.na

out
huo the: plain 10 meet hi& Tbtr tru dDJ in whitb
the._ men of S;unm.a were the inK nd
thAI his afflln would he ruined, H:.mid. Wled the
r.rrdltr1, to whom he gave j)rtse.nut uyinK:, ""Tlu.tta b rn
dhwu. m(Nle'Y U ac:arcc. If )"OU \io-dJ and deleac the
en:my, much property will CIOmC' inco our pouasion. wbi<:h
will tie tO cm\ble ut to return to Th"tta.'" fJCII'inr
dtb the 'P.jrlu of his ro,'(IC: wt.rc raised. 11rul making an
lltac:k on il1e enemy they dt:(C2ltd ll1crc. wbm much plu.n
der ot evay kind e2me intO their hand.&. After' dti't the
arum o( Sammst bringing bja Jagannath Sodha (who had
quiued hU brethern in ll.ngtt and h:ul to Kathh),
u d1ei.r came 10 Om.ar, matiog thtir &alam anU
pct'lm&&. Uma.r rerumtQK from then.c:r quickly
wenr ar.m- the Sodtw. Jaa. and lhUuchlr. aJJ ol whom
{c:ud& the made the.r aat:::.m. tie tbcn with
confitriorcc: in hlt.hcU.t "''r.H to Tharl. when: he died.
1

l
,
r
IU
"At this lime IIi& Dndt wa1 sm.nll: rhe
mtu of roruequc.net put Cbttttar, the ton or Umar'.s hrolb .. ..r,
i.o bb pQce. C'JuJU.r went OUI 10 wake b4 IITI.QFiriCUb
in bll countty. H"'I"S do>& lhJJ and placc4 Ill< CX1>Ublo-
.&Ome on the or lhl; n.o:rd. hll heart bti Ill at Ute he
sat d(jwn, At tbat time Dudu Ualned puberty, w Chanar
wisttcd. by aome ltrlltqtm, to &tt hin.1 mt.o hU ba.nds and
to conll..o.e him. Rut ol this Dulb u.amed hit flto
c.owardf and aoss;i:JW dM" d'f'tr ht c:tJ.t LO a
TIM'Jdl.& Na:i Sans, doee uridcr Fa.thptlT, wbae taw a
man comin$ a.lon with t bundle of nickl [or Au.l.U
.snakes, 01\ bt& bud: At c.Wt m"n drew ntar all his er\t1aUt
bca.me vhibJe 10 At thlJ: he was much :UtQniahod:
.tO all'll1( the m n to him, be lilt<d tbe bu odie ol pi po
.off hit hiacl. when 1'101 hing ol cbe ttnd 1m co he &em. So
bc:i.nr arntly .tm.l1CCl he P'' t he bu.udle on the head
when he behel d u bc::lore, He then knew that
there mutt be JOJne device lo d1csc Kid:" 111nd ht purchaw:d
tbtm. gM.Q( 1M Dlll" aome money for Lhem. T&n"itt.tna
-down at tht rlWI"" P-Ul m. ad.c:b orx by one in10
th( .. (. All WeRt aown with the .... t one (Mom
thms wertt upwan:b it. So tl1h
one, he dlv'lded it 11L 110 the knou: he: t hen tJut knot
into the wattr. AU ot tbC":m tte.nt clown lhc rtll'l'lun, exc:ept
.oee. in ..-hich the device wu. end t.b.U oot went up .pirw
the cuncnL So tatin( th.t one- bt kqM h. and went to
-Gh.:nnt.
/U t.ba.t time tbr k.iug. or that Sul tan
hhudud SbAA, w.aa Ul rom Wdc.neM, which was toVilh
..out a:ITC. So on hit arriVll &here, Dudl P''f: OUt tbac be
was a doot. vrite Wt Sttlnn Abudulft aid
ness wa CAU&i tn. thi.J mannel'. One dar ho'wtllt to tee
-i:JMWgah llnder .ome hilb, wbe.\ 1'!)', ch&tKC an anitnAI
.ataned from betore him. Jt Wilt lht.n the CU ... tom lh:ill
an animll 6W'ted J.D frOilt oJ be &lone pun:\lcd
j&.. Jio In a<l'ct.nce wit1. lhb tunO'ID, -'be Su..tt.in rock
a!ta thl&.:miaul aJouc f<:r " loag: dUnuoe. but did not
kill h. t his ihint a.nd bunsa Q'\(n6
upon him: to about he fovnd n atrwn of
near the loot o! the lulh. flavin& no oop or bui.n wi&.b
.blm. bti>s hdpkll. be I"" his mouth into ohe ,...., >1M!
126
lUJJ'OktA:.S OF
drank, when h\ doins $0 he two 'mall young
maka, whldt went down imo a.nd remainl!d (n 3t(.Jn_ lfl (h.
ln two 1..1\e.se had grown large. md causinr
him muc::l p:.;in. All doctori o( the country b.a(t physlded.
him, bUt none of them ootald make him weU. 'The Sultan
approaching to clc:ath, when at that. rime Oudll arri,vetl,
Anymg, he was 11 doctor, and that he Jud ClOme from Sind
tQ curc: the king with bil _Phys.ic. The royal f!:\)1idans
hearing laughtd, uymg, '\Vh:.t witd()m hu tbb
Sindian, that he hy be w1111 Jable tO givt medidn6
to the k.lnr?' One or the uttendams told We king of d1e
2rrlval of Wts Slndian, and how the royal dOC(ot'tla.ugbed
thim.
The Su1un hearing or tlili c:alle.d !\nd received
him with dbtincli.on, ";ayi ug, be J1:nd 'ul'fered from this
dc.knc" ror a lon$t time, that many docton give1J him
Jnedic:ine, lrut al.r without effect: but now that he (the
Sir.td{an) ht:d Cl'tm e, he was in hopes that be mJht get
by h!J physic.. 'l'hcp .Oud:., atnpping 1be Suli:m,
Wt l!Ciek. on hfl b.eii.Cl, whe.n he Wat cwo wt-xe
bt his 'then removing the adcJc., be told the
SWta.n bt understood wl).ttt. wu clu: with hlm, and
tl1a.t it was i vtry bad He added tb.at if the s,,Ju. n
wOuld glve him a written dOC\Iment to the effect that if
be diclf while undet his c:.re no blame lhou1d attach to
him. thc;n he would give him medicilll"- The Sullan :lt
once wrote .auc:h a docum.enc, and putting his senl ro it,
g<t"'C it to Dutb. Jfien Duda did not ftivc: the Sultan mr
ihing to eat for two On the third day, tying up hll
t.)'Ct. he p.laCC<I the slid. on his bead, Md liavu\1( got t'h'O
&mall fine iron boob he ded a silken line to tltern, and
wtilpj>ing thtm up in bread, he .,ve one to lhc Suh111,
who, having swallowed it. he (Dudo.) s.iw a snake tJ.\c it
When be $11W tluH iL wM well m the mouth or one of the
l'fitk.eJ. he pulled it up {tlld hronghL it OUt., Then artn
h'e did the u.me, and J.n Hke mwuer he took the othet
from' 011t of the royal stomach. ln aOOm an huur lhe
SulWl fdt mllcb 1.-elieved, $0 untying JW cyta, Dudt show
ed him tlie tWO .makes. wheJ\ be.ing very hnppy che Sult'an
1aid, 'AU !'tom me WUl you wis6'.' Tben $lid, ')
tm a elsie, but hJ$ superior 1ttength Chanar hat taken
1way my f11.lh.c:r' country, and on Lhla a<unt 1 havt
here. 1t tlte Jdng will ghe me a Coree, t will take my
revengt on hlm.'
On thi.l t11e SuJtan ga,c order$ to wlleeL
:t. force, aud whe.n it w:u ready he gavt h. to him. When
this :.rmy approad)ed T luM, bl'!ing unable to meet Jt,
Chanar u .t down in the {on, wh.ic:b -bei'g wrrounded on
all side' by the royal troops, dtey rook into llu!:
imptewcnu for brt:Uting down Corts, and fighting c;Om
men(td, for two.!ve dlyt they (ought together Jn 1hl$
alter wb.i.cb lht wind. ol victory strilc.k the slaud
:uodJ of the coyP.llrOOJJI. and Chan:uo and many: o tw men
"''CTC!J gl\'e:n tO t.bc sword. Those wbo e$C:tped the aword
ran away and clbpeucd. By tll.kiug tbi.s fon mucb. wealth
and f.:,'Of:terty fell into l.h banda of those pcoplt.
WJ1<:n Oucla, the o( U.marJ sat on the throne o!
hb f:uhcr, chis Coree returned to Hf'l ma.n:y
)'f' ... 'lts wilh atrWjtc.h tnd wJsdom. Afterwards. by Lllis O'tder,
' J!.\'CJ')' l ife will (hjnk the &btrbct Of death,' J)n<fa dnuk lht
$l1erbct of mort:llity 11t the c:up.be:.re:r o( Dealh. He toOk
the appAratUS Of blS U!c to the Jiving 1\'0rld."
(eFld Df inttTjMiated _pauA;gu]
Arter him " penon n;uned AnniJ fLKt:Jtded tlu: t.htQne.
H'.e w:t.s: tyr:mt and nn a.nd the people, dj,..
guned with hi$ violtnee resohed to dethrone. and slay
him. Some men of the tribe o( S:vmna had prtviou&ly
ton\e (rom Kac:hb t.nd had Ktdl!d in Siud, wlltre they
(qrmed alU:mca with the people. of the country. !n ttua
-U:ibe thtTc wa. a mall named Una.r di.ltinguitbedfor:lr;ucl
. The chic mtn of tbe CO\ultry brouglw'hirp'
1)' into 'U\t city, and in the morning a pucy of. 1bl!:Ol Ctl
th6 hoUSt o! ArtnU. slew him, and plaec'd bh-
he.ad O\'er the pte o the cit)'. The wtmbl ed people then
p.lad Unar on the throne.
]am Un4rl son" of B4bfnlya
Jam Un1r with M$CDI. of the nublo lht.lt hecame lCing,
nod t.be grt:at bddy ol tbe people i uppOrted hlm. He lcCI
(Morlt}J /f.as o Mtt iN stttJi..11 1 lhU IIIIII'U, bvl
R. Slliof.r M$. Mw tM """'I U t ilt&ttd ..,..tug U
"U,.., ... m.iclt u llu ,,,fAAI t11"l gt)lfflll11 ct,tlltl .
128
an txptdition rinat Siwbtao. thm a:o'ttnod by Malik.
the repre.enlalive of Turk ti,._ .. 1tcachin1 the vicf.
nlty ol ShrUl&D he dmf up his army 1D bauJc arnr. Malik
"R>tan .wo """" ... , o u.. ton Wllh hu r-. and
lxpn. In tb.c lint c:ontat j am Unar wu dcftatui.
but h11 biothcn c:t.mC up to his aMJJtance. aod be f'C'.nnoed
the fir!> ll.>Jan, in pllop"' bi hen<,"" lhn>wn
to c.J\1 8'0Und. and Jam Unar cut Oft bU btad. The !nrt
o( Siwisuu't lhtn rd( into Unu'a powt. MaiJk. fiM. and
' AU Sh11h T'ur-k were at thb In the vicilllty o( .i:Shak
b r. Md lhty wrote 1. letter to Jam 'Unar to the (ollowin,g
efl'ett. '"'l'hfs boldness is 10 now prc)X_Ire to
meet the roya.l o.r'l.l y, make A 6rave '"nd." These
'Word took effect upon h.im. a.na be proc:ecded to Tf"rtn
He then fell ill and died i.Cter reignins throe ytQ;n nod aix
rnontha. Somo wri.ta"' relate duet after Jam Vnar rcwrned
Crom We of Siwiaum. he wu one nlght
drinkinr wine in 1l convivial J'INY 'W'htl\ nett& wu brOu&ht
ot a pt.rt)' ol rcbdl ruen a_pinu. hhn H.c
l y ttnt a.iJJNt chem Gahir- .on ol T.:ruchl. who wu hb
wdJL Cfaha.r 'tl"a'J. drun.Jr. when ht mcountucct than and
wa. made potone:r. The enem7. hdd him capcivt", and
jam Uru.r kept up hi$ without hcec.linr the capt!
Vit y of hit ol&cer, This rankled in the brun or Gah.tr.
a ntl when he CICipcd. by a wt:U-cooufvcd nratagtm, from
the clutcbcJ o[ bil capcon, he tumtd Awtty lrnm .Jma Unar
and wtnt tO the fort ol be httd an intu
"iew whh '1\li Shfl.h who in concert whh Malik
Fii'O,, ll fol'tc lmd sJcw zam U111U' In the fOl'C or
Firo,; was It t in oomm1111d o( the (ore,
and 'A If Sl11.b rtttttoed home. aftc!rwArcb jam
Unar' foiiOW4".Jl by cn..h and 10 kill
bolh C11hu. wn or Tamacb.i a.od Malik Flr01.
Jm )ll!UJ 10'11 ()/ &bini)141
Afccr thl: datb ol t&m Urw-, Juna, olthe of Sunma.
rccch"Cd \he title of Jatn.. He mnai\'((1 the dcslp o( sub-
duinc an Siatd s.bOtting pat tJndnm and lUCDdon co
r
12-J
b.U brtlhre\ :tnd other rdJdve-, he IIPI)Ointcd tbc:m to (ur-
lher ht. dcsip &he Oi*n&.ry. 1'kx men C'QMCd {lhe
rnwjat the 'riJ.b&:e of T.ab.hh., nd began to kill tbe JJitOP!I!
and ay wJJ!.e the 'YlliAt;e. and cowau or RhaH:"r. Two or
t.hrco f'ighu c:ruued bet'ften 1be SamUlat and the
t.Md ot llhalhr, buc u tM Turk.J were unablt tO whll
4land the Sammu w,_ withdrew from the fort ol 8hakkar
and mired to Uch, When Jam he.&rd o thcu reo
he proceeded co RhaU.ar. ana Cor 101ne 1eigncd
$Ufli'Cmc over Sind. nut at JcnA;lh Snltou 'Alau-d din ap-
pojn"d hi& brother, Ulugb. KIU.n t0 the dfnri oC Mul
un. Ulu&h Khan d)cn IUU T aj Kafwi mel Tua.r Khan
co OPJlOit: Jam Juru in Si:nd, but bc:Core thtir n-had the
Jm -diW ol quln.ey. Rc had rctpscd tl\irtem1 )'CIIJ't. The
l(lrca or 'Alaud lln took poue&s.ion ol Utua.kkar and thtn
dirtatd their dloru agahuc
)tim Tmlll (and )am Klcnr'ru-d 4in)
'1,1;, prince ;uuadad hi:J bacdhur Wauue wilb the auent
of tht oob!es. The army ol 'Abu-d din alter tome fCht-
lng. him ori>oo<r, ...s cam..! blm wilb tu. r .... u,
pruoottJ to .De"thl. There he htd dtUdren.a the
&unma triM brouAIH tbc:m to Th.tri, nnd kecpJ.ng them
prboncra took the Owineu o( Sovtr'' 'lumt into thdr own
b.mcb, and e"XertM "' carrrins on cht: ala'" of
the Sult. Alter die b.p&e o( tOme time a.nd the ckach of
Tam nmadd. hU ton Malik X.hafru-d dJn, who, in tntanc:v,
ftad gone to Dela11 whh hb Cathu, returned to Sind :md
Ulumtd thee covernmenL ShOrtly aCtcrwardt.. Sultan
Shah proeded to Caunt by way of Siad.
nd wm.mooc:d. Jl.m Kbaint4 dfo lO hit pram. But
the Jam bad l!ll(lured l.hc hardahips of pn10n, and rtso-
IIJ.t(ly rclucd tO cou;rly. Sultan "'MuhiJ1lroad Shah,
ot l'\WI.Iik Sh:a.b, dle !n the ntigbbou.thood ot Rhak.kar.
Alcu liis dt2lh. Solun F""tr04 Shah Succetded under the will
150
o Lhe latt and by heredhuy ri&lu.
1
He dtJ)Vted
!rom .Sin. 1 dcpon"-!' of Siwi& .... or bb Ddlll;
and Ja.m Khaint-d dift. blm DO(
rom th.u place turm.ocl back. The Sulum ke.pt ebb fact in
mind, Artt:r lite dtJJ:irture or the Suhall, Xh2lrud cUn
eccrw:l hitmetf in adtni n.intrhl jwtice and in imp10ving
lbe oondhlon ol !be people.
The foUowinl .t.toty lt cold of one: of the
reu.-atbblc inddenll in the HCc of thia benevolent
prince. One day he went om for exercise with a
p.arty or auencb.nu a ad JCI'VI.Illlt and by chance di.klOvtJl
a qu..a.ndty o( tu:.unan bona ill a bolt. Re drew rdo .. and
lool:inc at thote dmri,,g reHa. ad;ed his /ollowm ll tbcy
knew wh1H the bone tOld him. On cbctr h.:angi n.g their
head aud llee.ping sUcncc:, he said, "The.c are tlic remthu
ol injured men. and they cry for juu:it.t.," Ue
tcl1. dirtCd his att(ntiotl to an Urrati(ltion of tbe facts.
So he to hb pracnee an old man co whom chc land
bclon,l(d, tul quttlloncd him about the bones. T he old
,..,....., Wd. ''Se-o.oen ,. .. ,,. :aea'- caravan wh.icl\ had come
from Cw<r wu oluu,.,.., and lbc: U1lYdlen tllled by
such 1nd aach. a u-lbc. who adU bold a. deal of W
apoU.'' lu 100n au be hurd thb the }i.m CUM<Ct<l the 1;.,-oo.
t>erty to be. gathered and wllen this wat done lle
KOt it to, the ruler ol Cuxeru requesting that i t bo
distributed JIIIOnt tbe bdn of 1he slain. lie tben
pw>.i&llment on ihe murdcr<n. Soa>e )<>fl alter !lib be
d;&
1Jllbllni7a
Jom ll.ab>Jil}'1 JU-.Ied .r ... lbe cleslh o1 his lalha-. ond
axcnded the throne witb tM JMtnt or Ute aohleJ and
dlleft:. At t l\ts time SuJcan Firoz Shah h.avl n1 s.et his
n rot aboua and tUn\cQ his aueaulon
tO tht oonquac o Sind.. Jam Babani)'ll drew up hb fora:t
t.O m..iJt him. but when the Sultao bad btt11 in the CO\lntf7:
t.hrtt month&, Inundation, advent wfndt, and .-war-m& Of
motq\lito:t, him. at the bt!glnnfnl{ of the mina,
to retire. to l'atta.u in Guurar. After c.he tlUU be returned
,.a)" TJ.t:u 11 .. ........ ol db 611 11$. JL--,;. lltkft
,.
,

131
w -Sind with numeroua Ulll)' A battle cnJued. in which
Jum Babo.niyo was uken pl'isoncr, and the whole country
of Sind became to Slltan The Jam was
c:arrie<l off in the retinue or Llte Su.luc.u, nnd a{tt'r re:uutifl
i11g tor .some time ln ;.uendan, he became the objen of
the roy:.. I favour, a M)a.l robe givt1\ to him and he wu
rein,tacccl in the go,eroment nf Si1\d. There he 1-eigncd
itt peace for JlRceu yean llnd then dcpat'h!d tbi l ife,
/em Tamttchi
Su.;r.eodt.d to the thro1\e on the de;tth of biJ brotber,u and
ca.rriro on lhe government.. He w:ts fond o{ ea.o.t and t n
Joymcat, and passed hls duys in i ndulgence and pJtr.'$ttre.
A!ttr reigning thirteen )'ea.D he died o[ plague
/tun Snlalntd din
After the dc:u.b of Jam Tanmc.bl. $:1lalwcl di1l on
the buJ.intu of &O''ernment, Hit first act WJij; a rec:tificatiOI'l
u( t.he frontier, whic.h had bttn e.ncroachccl upon by rc
r.-t:tory$,,hje<:ts. Rc aooordingly force to punt&h
tbem; ant.l :after intlfcting .wJ.\Hill)' chlUiistn'IMt, he (l'l:l.rched
:.gaim:l Kachb. Some obstln:u.e fig_hti ng ensued, but in
every en.onnn((lr he wM YictorioUJ, and be returned borne
in uiumpb witJ1 1hc 11poils, to Jool after U\e atrain of bU
army and people. He died rcigni''i eleven yen$ 1uld
some month.t.
]am Ni:omll.-4 din
Nir.amu;cJ din succetded hts !acJ1er Sali.hu-d din, with the
concuri'Cu: o{ the nnb1e\, Re rcle.utd bii uuclestO
MiUk Sikandar:. K.ann, tlin, Q.rtd Am.ar, W'ho .... ere
io confi nement Cot reuons of State polig, and ..enc.
one ' to hi; district. Re thth le!t the JJbin: of r.he king
dom iJ1 the hands or the omcla!J. and gave up nigftt
and day, to pleQ:J-ne enjoyment, This 'ncglea of bJs
dUty ind.ucc.d lii.t unclt'l to rn1t'oe 11 (ol"Ce. :t_nd to tmcr the
city '"Jth the intention oC bini. 8ut he recel vtd in
1
4
(;\IS. A. y1, lw "I'Nt-tttdl'd OJI 1M ff Ms fcthtf', tllilh
11i't to!Unil c/ leU brnllttr-."J
w(AI!Ikmt. MS, /!..- llcrlt:n...,., 61113
1
APlo111.]
1! 2
formation of this dcsifl' . and left tbe city ac midnight with
r.ome troop. and "'"t-nt off Gultta.t. l n the morn-
ing, wht n 1t1e {ac::L known, the uncles $t.1ated ),)
punuh: but at chis juncture. the chief men of the city,
iee.lng the 1trl!e and commodon. forth jam 'All
Sher Trom hi1 concta.lment, and raised h im to the throne,
Jtt.m Nizmuu d d i1l d ied about th i.s titue, o.ud lli$ l lllcl.C:$
turned bllck wir.h hamc IUtd !OSJ, and passed into the de-
KTL
]am 'Ali
J:un 'AU She.; mounted the t.hr<>ne with tl1e eou.sent of the
men Md ;uld open! wide the gntts of ju
doc and kindnc,. He wsu and brave. a.nd he immo-
dla.ccly devoted hinuel to the dutict or government. The
counu-1 of Sind wou brou.ctlH inttt n due state of order, a ll
du: l)e(IJ)le p.used llu:i r tbys in Je<:url ty 11nd e'iliC undtr
hU n ile, After a time h e devoted himsdf more tO p'lca
sure, and he used to rotm about In moonlit nighu.
S.il.a.a:nla, K.ara.n, ami Ffllb. Kltau, &010 T'<ll nrac;hi, wltu
living_ in sorry plight i'n the desert. became acquainted
with Jam 1;\U Sbef'a mbde o recreation. So they set forth,
and inv.clli.Qg by night and hiding them&do;rs by day, they
rtat'.he!l th e. outd:iru of dte cit y. they wo.u over n
of the of the city, On the night of f riday.
the Sch day of ihe month, 'Ali Sller. aClCOrdlng to hU cuJo
tOtl'l, 'WC1lt out witb :t party of companions and foll<'mtera,
:tnd emb3rktd in a hoot ror cw d.lc ri\tr. At
midnight. lte 3bo\t to reltnn i nto h.is houtc, when a
pil.rty of men with drawn sworcb m11.dc t.n ;mack on Jtim.
The people who were 11.Ith h.im 11.10\'e. avaU to
di vert them from c.helr and the Tam w:IS insca.ldy
dttpatchcd. The murde:rtra tbe..e1 entered a.he pulllte, when
il noia.t and outcry arose, and tht; act bt,cn;mc knc>w1i. '"01e
J'lt'QJ)le but they perceived that m:uu:11
thc:ir c:ocuroJ. nnd they rubmJucd. J am
Au Sher IJAd seven yean.
Jn,r 1<(11'(111
After the murder tl( Jam 'Ali Sher, the btttlnen wtutcd
o the c.lev:uion or Ja.o, He WIU dilplca&ed with
I
r
r
'
' J33
1he and great meu of t.hc ci1y, nud tn bU a.vcnion
to Uu:m be wua:ru to take them prh:Oners,. then to slay
tome and coniine the real On the day chat be u-
ccnded the throne, or t h day nJttr, he held a p1.1b1ic wurc,,
" nd Mmnuoned all men grtat and .small to atu:nd. He ad
dressed them i.n ooudHatory tcnnJ. Dinner wu acrved,
aCu:r Ju condwlon he to retire co h.ia chamber
when a partl of men. who bad beez\ tntplO)'td for tlte JlUr
[IOIC:, mtt hull 3l tfte dOOI' ()( his 10Qru a nd tul lt.iJn in
pit:.'$. Fath m or Si.bJ)dar, hnd been the pri me
mover io thi1 murder, a nd so. wilh the auent or the sol
dlers and people, he ucended tl\e throne,
Jm t'lllh Khan
Falh Kban, 01\ hi& .acceuion to the throne, confirmed
au the ru)es and ord.c!rs of and wa$ very 3t
tent.i\'e w:uch.ful O\'Cr all ntain of Srtttc. At that time
Mirta Pir Muhammad. gntndson or S:thii>Jr..iran Amir
Tlmur Gurga.n. hAd been scm to Muh.an lll)d bad tlkc.o
that tOWil a,nd du: tOWn or Uch abo. He S.C:t)ed there [OI"
awhUc: and many o( h.i:s hones died. The Mtru't solditT$
were thus ditmountcd a.nd in distress. When T imur heard
O( c.biJ, he .Ctlt &000 hOr&eS rrom the roya.l At.ablcs or the
M:tvi(t (I( the. Mi"no,, thut reinfm'(ed. ht made :111
nttac.k. upon lhe people: of .IJhntti and A1aa.n,
14
who hnd re--
belled. Jnd gave them and their a.milies tO the wincll 0
dcuroc.lion. Jtc then sent a penon to D.hakkar and aum
moned all tlle clli.ef mc:t1 to his presence. The offi c:ers of
tbe o[ Dcltli being uuabJc: to withJtand blm. fled by
way of teulmlr. One o tbc inhabitanq of Bbakkar,
Saiyid A'bul l.'ais by name, a man or piety and purity.
hastct)ed to mett tllc aod offering hL:s dC\'OhOtU to
t.be Chie[ or tbe he 1>e$cmg:ht fiiA intert.tninn in
hl.s midnight/ra)crJ. ,
Jt iJ aal night the Qie,r of the propbect
appe.u-ed l9 M.trti P1r Muhammad an a dream and
$poke 1.0' him o Salyid Abvl L'ais, saying. "'This i1
my '01'l. thow him' honour a.nd rnpc:ct, !*.ltd
(-rom mole.uing him."' The Mina two'k.c, :a.nd remained
(" A11111m,. '" B.)
164
for eleven days in expetdon or seeing the r.rtend oi his
dream. rttc Sayid :uived whilt. the Mint wll teated
in bU <lOUrt with the uublcs "'rouud him. When hU e)'e
fell upon the Sa.iyld h e re(Ognixed him. a nd :u-ooe to give.
him a prope-,.. n:c:tption. He embraced b.im und &aled
him by hiJ side wilh honou.r and reverence. The
nobla then made: c.nqutry aUout the Saiyid, nod the Mlrta.
relaced to then:'l his dream. On lh:tt tb.y he g-.we tho Saiyjd
a horse and tome and allowed him to He
alw ooorerrcd upOn h1tn the o!AJor in in' om. After
Timur h:ed cnptured Dthli, Mm.a Pir Muba1nmad deP4lr--
te:d thither, Jn tftc: dl\)'$ Of the IIUC".Cetding kings 0(
Muhan came under the a.ulhorily o( the L:nl.g:lh& :md the
whole o! Sind remAined to iu C)Wn kings. J?m
l''atl1 K.l11u was celebrated (or h1$ ooura,ge nnd gtncroslt)'
nc rdgncd for fitoen yean 11nd wme month! up to the dme
of his death.
] Am Tug/IUic, son of Sibnd<IY
Wh0 Ja.m Fuh Khan wau on t.he bcclo! :md ...,,.,
bis c::ocf three da.ys befor e hit decease:: he placed
hb brother Tu:hHk Shah upon ll1t. thone, delh-erlng. over-
to him the reii'IJ o go.,--cnunetlt, ;and glving to him the
tide ol Jam Tughllk. Soon a!tcrwanll rugblik aepoin-
ted his brothe'l'$ gtwernor' of SiwiJt:ln and the fort of Bh;ak,.
kar. He:: pent of his time i n hunt.ins: and exercise.
When the lSuluehb raisW in The neighbour
hood of he led an :..rmy tbcrt anti. innicted punU.h-
mcnt till theia t.hiefs. retgned twentydght
]<1P1l
)am Sibudllr succeeded his lather, but he: w:u: youo,; i1)
yean; :and t.he of S.iwi$t:ul and Dhakbr. auendinR
only w tllcir own rcfwcd obcdlenoe to him, nnd
qu11.rre.lkd with cudJ other. Sikandar lelt Tlu.ua )ftd
procteded t0\\
1
lrd:J Bhakku: l.iut whe.r he I'Cl'tchod N:u.rpur,
a pcnol nllmed MubaraJ:. l'lhO had bol:n dutmlxTlflin i;l
the: time of J"-W T'ughUk, suddenly came into Thattll, a nd
calling bia:l$elf Jam );:fvbml:, $Ci?;nfl uron the throne. Dut
the did not support him. and Ji' :aull1ority bsttd
only d:t)'': lor the nobles drove him out of the city,
and st:nt r.n- Sik.nndnr. When the nevtl ruched Slkandar
ISS
he m1dc tC:l'lM w1h hit and retvrned to Th.atta.
AJttr year and u-!utl( he dlt.d,
)4111 Ro1 l)p:nU
On the &itlt of ,fumad&lawwl, 10 Lbe fOr 155 A.lt., (May
H5.t A.o.), .)lltll l(al D.tn came Corth. the. of
the Jam '1"'\tgblik 1141 had li\cd ht IC.J(hh, anll bad fonncd
conott'tiona with the of llw c:ou.ntry. Be b.acl
anaintalbcd a o:mlidcrable bad) ot cried mtn. eo whom be
paid a.ttt:ndon, IUJd lO who.n he Utcd CO Jh'e fine
bOntiiH'Ul other 11tcse mtn looked u\"' "
him u a wise ami 6Ut>enor man. and dt\'Oitd therruc ves
lO him wh.b great slnc.vicy. When he hcvd o( chc deatlt
of Sibnd.ar, he procr:cdl with h d: eot.i.re Corer to TbaUA.
and tbm: UIC:Ulb!i nc the peoplt. he a.ddrc:atd cbc:m. tO \be
elt'ect, chat ne had nnl come tO Lllkc the klngdom. but tbt
he wllllltd to secure lhc: J)t{lfltH), ol the nnd to
a.crom(lli$11 lhtlr witba. H e: d1d not conridcr himseH wor
tby ot the thronf', but chqr should raise some fitting pe1-.ou
co tbat cli,attity. whm bt wookt be the '"" co &'W: hJm
$Uppo<L
Altller cou1d find no one among them who had ability
lor the hlJb ofli(e, they UlllnhnO\JS.l)' chose him ,.. , .. 1
nU!td bbn lO the lbrone. 1n the: oe>une or one year nd
Hatr he broupt the whole or Siftd under bit rule frol'l
the tea to the: vii.J.asc of 1UJrk1 and ta.ndharU..t.t whicb
ore on the boundar1tt ot MathUa a.nd When he
h;Ld elaned eight yea,. a.nd a half the idt11 .,r aoverc\gnty
entered ebe bUd or Jam S2nlar, one of auendanu.
He I.Ddutt:d othtt ol the attcndanu and followcn 10 joJ'
him in his plot: and oac: day wbeo j1-rn R.a.i Dan wM
drink.inr wine in privatt:, wu put fnto lhe bottle
whlcll W\'ant handed tO him. Tb_ rce dlyt a(tu drlnk
in,g lhcn:o ht. died."
tr"' - .,..,1 , ., ..u. tt,n,.., ..
Ut 6otl )1$$.
(S M MS. B. MS. A. giw, tllw i'sl _._, fU Kifltw,"' ....r
o,..u t/t.t ltUIId. lttTds f'Mdl "IC"Jtw ttllll

lDotb our WSS. faaU!I tbw, but lWcc'a tl'lfttlatlou .OS.
folloow1lt lJ -' .,u,,. b7 ,._, tM1 ...., faki.r, .,... tf
.... ftl iii t.kH.,. .., ..-.:. ....
Jl6
Jarn Sanjlrr
.lam S:mj:u- wat :1. Jandaomc young man. ;md many tx:non
being by bear:tty, served him without &:tiJ>et'ld.
fl t" relattd tht bdorc !u: atmc: to the throne he ma ou
friem1Jy u::nns with an excellent dtt.rrottsh. 01)e night
San jar \tent to viJit the tUrw1sli, and ither the uJual grt
lng told him d1at he wi8hed t O beoomc ruler of Thatt'a,
even iL i t wel'e (Or orJly d&ht days. Tbe darruuh ttplied,
"Thou a.ball be king [()['eight yeo.n." When j am 'R.a.i Dan
d ied. t he nobles agrc<.'d in fa.Wng Jam lO he throne.
and in delivering ovtr to hi_tn il.re reins of govtrnmenc..
Through the pra)'f:N o( the dnrwcsh he tlu. l)(aune king
1'1ithout :my urifc: or opposition, :md the J)Cople on every
side strbmiuCd to bit with "tilling obec:hence. JJ1 h15
't'Cign Sfnd rose to a greatu o( protpcrity u.nd tplend
ow than it had t\'Cf tx-rore, nnd tbe aoldiers :u'ld
tJte pt<>ple li"ecl i n gre;u comfort J.nd satisfaction. He
WII.S n grot patron ol- :and pious men :uld o! da''-
wcsltct,
lh'fr y Friday he dispensed large suJru ln dl-1-tity
the poor and nc:cdy. and scu.ted pe:ruJons and ttij'ltnd$.
upon merhorl-out pcraont. It i$ that before bb.
time tlu: rulers o( Si nd to their judida.l
b:.clly. When Sanjar ticcame. tbert w:u a htu.i in
lllm:kkar, who h:td been appointtd to the crllite by a (ornttr
t .inK. upon an hu ufficieot a bry. Fi.nding hlmseiJ under
paid, hi!' uwt to enet somedUng from tlie In hi&
18?:
cuuru. When lhjs re:.ched he CIU'1 o Tam S:anj:u. he sum
moned lhe IW co ltit L:>resetce., and tofd him thnt he had
hetll'd n( ru, Utk.iug money by forct', both !rom J>lainlitr$.
wu.l ddcndanu. He ackno\led.OO it. and aaid lte sh<M.Id
like to get &01nelhi ng from lll.e w1tneut.l alu.. bul time t.bey
always went bdore he b:td au opportunity. The-
Jam could not bell> sm.Uinu at thil. w the ka:J wem on
to llay tJaat he Sttt a I dny in nis coun wbtlc his at.
hon.e went without breaHa$1 =ud .supper. 1hc Jam made
the luui some J!l'eit'nU.. s.etded a uiub1e ''ipcnd
upon blm. He b.rther dJreo:ed. that saJarie.J sboalcl
bt for aU officm throlti('Wut tbc country. 10
t.l.mt they migtlt be able. tO m:.intu.in thtmseJves io com(ort ..
Wbcn he had reigned eight yeara he departed from lhis.
W(lrJd of trouble.
jam Nh4mlt>d dit1
1
Also colltd Jam Ntm4A
NilllMUd din t ueeded jam Sa.nj:u on tJle 251h R1Lbiu-l
in the 866 (December, HGI A.D.). All men-
th_, arid th good, the GOlclk,-, nd lhc: pc:nu-
rc:cd in hit elev:uion, $0 he niJCd firmly tlte
o sovertigiHy. It is recorded that nt tht oul$tt o( hb
career he WIU 11 .nudent, :mtS sptnt mueh o lili time in
wJteges nnd mon:merita. He wM roodcn and gentle, :and
had m11.ny exc.ciJent and j)Jeasing qualities.. t ns Hre w:a&.
pure nnd religiou11 to :t Jdgh degree. It _[I isi1J)()S.$ible t.o-
all blJ vinuer. ln the early parl of bi.s reign.
he proceeded with a !orct to Bhalhr end st&)'Cd. thtrc for
1 year in the hlahway robbtn. He-
ltored the (Otl of J3.haHar wi\1\ alJ kinCf.s o provi!iOUJ. IU\d
nppoi rutd a JQ\' ttnor one o! hi&. depelldllflts, Dihha.d by
name, who had U:tved hill'l wbilc at CoiJegc. 'l'he !rontlcn.
wtte so well .v:cured that uweUer could along the
roadt in perfect ufee:y. Having satitfled hhrueU ln n!apea
of at tl'e end of a )!Clr be rttutned to
'Illtn! .be. reigned suprtne for fortr-eight }'e:..rs, a.od during-
litis periOd. rearned men ::md piOu.l mt:n and falt.lrt p&J&ed.
a b:appy time, and t be &oldierf and che peuantry ""'ere tn
easy t,tr<:unnuuu:es.
Jam Nizamuod din wu conteii'IJXtr:lry with Sultan.
Huta.inn Langah., the o Multan. They were on the
I M
moM (rieodlr cmm. Dd Wert in the ClOIUWit babil or t
'e.ndlng to cuth other. jam Nin.mu.--4 clan
co 'Vtlit hi$ a.tab!cs every we.k., ;md lUCd to auot.e the
hedt. o! h1l hone$, 11nd aay to thbil, "My dear llnd happy
stocdt.: 1 bnc 110 to rfdr you. for vitbln my fout
bounaario ti ll the nr1m ate 'fOU abo
pray d'un l my not 30 out uguinat any Gnc without a law
f'ul cawe. and \0 one may curoc up we, leu
ell< blood ol lnnoc<n< M-lman Jhould tie Pilled. and
1 shO'-tld stand abashed in the n Cod.' ' In bil
ditdplfne Wa$ widely .tf)ft'ld. con
gtte'ltion:s u.ttl to :usc:mblc in lite for 'mall and
F"' w.ed co reKKI thitb.c:r tO r ahtir prafttl. "ad .-.ere
not tow.6td wilb sayi,. c.hcm in pri"au. ll a pcn61l
omitted co aucnd :.. .crvtCX", ho wa.s very .Offf Cor h 1fter
wardJ, and wo.uld occupy lwo or ll1rte days In
E
)W Co. c.,.;- Towv<b tb nd oC <he ol
am NiwnlHf din, the tnrl.y of Shah amc from Kan. .. .
htr and lUt.uke<l l.he viUagea or Lakr. Chandub and
'l."lu J:.m lt'nt a. J<ll'l:t oroc to rcpe] 1hb
of chc Mbptla. ilDd h tdl"'J)(:t(t &r u Darabnb, com.
monty known by the: naroe of Jalup:r. A bault. twucd in
""hk.b the llrotht.r of Shah :BeJ wu llain. 1md hb army
tdtCtated. The remn.anL fled towa.rdJ Ka_nda.har, nod no
further &Uack wu m*de upon Slnd dutlog the life ot
N.iD.rntJ>.Cl din,
The ]llm spent much or Lime in
and upon m.llttn of Jtieote with the lc!'O'ICd
mm ol lhe day. Mau.Wu JaWCHI di.n MuhurumatJ .,-
Oiwtnl lonnc:d cbe proJect or lea-ring Shin:: and goina
to Slnd: to ho aent Sha.nuhu-tl diu and Mir Mu'in, two
.ol hi.& d.Ud.plc .. lO Thatta. J.n order to get Cor
utl:>tl up lib ,..,;m.n., that. 111< Jm accOrdlorll olio<
ced fOmC: mhabJc houstt, 1nd provi&d the mearu few hil
rruintenan; he fl.rthcr '"P.Pllcd the 1ne!AU.ogcn with
money to 1):11 lht expcrua nf the joumey, but the Mau
bm dJcd lhey rccUf"ntd. Mir Sh.a.mtbu..cl dln and
Mir Mu'in were 10 wtU aati.a.fied wilh the attcndon they
had l't(ei\td, that they Qlm6 b:u1c to .. and KUlcd
there. Some lime after tbis jtun Ni.'wnu-d diu lliM. and to
afur hiJ dealh all the. a!Wn of Si:nd !t.U iato d.itorda:. ;
r.
Jom
Upon the deatl1 a[ Nita.nnad djn, hia: jon Jam Fi:ro.c w
.of tender uge. So jam SallUu-d din, ooe ol the late Jam' a
.rel:ttiYCI and the son or Ja.tn Slnjttr'J daugltw.r, ad"'anced
1n'C!tenaioua to the crown; but Darra KJUn tnd &rang
.Kb1an, the confidential 1.nves o Ntr..unu-d din who wtre
hlj;b in dignity and \'ower, rd'ti:Kd 10 $upport him, and
wuh t he: of t \c- nnbles head men of Thiltta
they placed. ] am Jtiro% on the throuc in suCte$$iOfl LO hi11
lather. Sala&u-d din flndir.g thl.t ll.c could only succeed
hy Gghling, loll and ... ont to Gux.erat to Jay hit CIIIC
l?clorc Sultan The Sultan bad married a
<l11.ughter of din's. uncle, u.nd W'lt$
towardt him. Jtm Ji'iroz P''C wny to {he im
J)Uillet Q( and devotC:d hlllntlf to the pursuit o!
pleasure. Me c:f bis t..iJnc in the h:trtm, but
'"'em out from dtne tO rime a<mp::ulied by .il:lve& and
jeattn, who eraetised au l)fts o[ tiic:k.s ancl butloortery.
The J)e<Jple of the S:unma uib<', and the a.uocittes of the
.Tam t.n:a:d thC' peOJ)It' 1 t.te dey v.itb violence, an<1 when
barya . Kb:t.n or bade lhem they treated htm wi th u.orn.
T1u: thtrefore, retired to h.h j!!gir in the vilhagc ot
l<.ft.han.
In tho5t day11 Makhdum 'Abdul 'A.m Abbar-t tmd
his two wOJ.. Maulllna Asilu..d din md M_a.ulana
mad. 11.11 o them learned me11, came to that villut o(
Kahan and apent some ye:us there tcachi''l d.i1f-w.lng
kn(lwledge. The cause oC their oomJng H.-irdt w;4s
t.be rtbelti()l) o Shah bma'il in the year 918 .A,J:t, (1512
A.O.). The above-named Maulana W:l3 wen rud in ;at) lhc;
We.nct-&, and he bad excclJem boob UlJO,., branch
o( leaminj). He compiled a com.ment_ ary, on 't,bc Misb.k.at
<traditions) but did not ccmPlete it. Wtlions are
JtiJI extant m ' (lie libr.ary o( M:asud !0 21)d are
written u .m:au;si nl'J iwtts in booka. He died
in this '!llbge o K-ahJn, and lili tomh Lhert i11 atill" a piJc.e
of J)iftriw:..ge. Jam Fir<n continued to give: hiu&Sef up
to pleasure -.od and the nobles being on the
or ruin. a w01:!. stnL co Jam SaW1u.<1 dln to
t,..,nJ' i' Pcn:iar. altO.l

inronn hirn how ma.tttn nood: tltul Firoz Wol-' generally
drunk: cha.t Oaryll Khan, me great tupponer o t he govern-
ment, hl'ld retired to ;md th:.t the moment w11.s
OJlportune Cor hb imrrt.ecliauly. Salahud din
sbO\Io'l!d the leuer or c.hc men of TJUlltll to Suh,:m Munf
f-ar. and he him. Of "'ith an :anny to th:u place. Mnk
ing ford mmh!!S he soon Al1'i\ed and crossing the-
river entered We: dy. Tam f'iro1.'s !oUowers were
ed, and led h!m out of tfie dty on the other side. Salahud
din then :utended the He: fined nod Jmlli$hed the-
u Jam Fi.101:, a.nd demanded thdr wealth. 1' he:
mother o! Jam Fircn"-
1
took him to Da.ry;'l KhAn, M
where be 'uked fo-rgivnen !or hi_. error'!; and the
reroe.-nbering only old obliptiom. to oollcet
:md wlten tbt- armies of 'nhakku and Siwinan wen: a$$tl!\
b led,. they vnder lhe bannen o( Jtun Firoz. 'flte
Duluchls and other tribes aho "'aryA Khan plac
ed him sell at tbt1 he:td or thete (orces, 11mJ m:a'ched ngalnu.
SaJnhud d.in.
This pri nce wiabed tO go out l.l tmscU tQ &lu:
meeting. but ft:aji deemed it :advisable chat
the Tam t.hould sn..y in city while bt Jed l.he war-
elc:!J)ii:mts the enemy: JO the jllm at home:
and the wa:cn wem to the (ray. When the ann.ies ruet, the
fife of battle raged hl;Ou.\ly, and ma.ny were Jlain on both
r.ide., huL :u lcngtb the U'OoJJS of Dn'fa Khan "ere delete
e<l ntld pu1 to O"lght. Haji wuir then S:L down to ,'>'rite
t1 dcsp!' tt;b to S3labu-d din informing him .that virt4.1ry h:sd
b.vou.red bh and that he mlght deem h imself SC
cure. NIJt.bt ctmc on and the wn:ir "''IU unable to pu11ue
the route<l army, &c) It h:tppc:ned tb'llt his mnsengtr (eH
i llco the fu)nds of .wme of Oarya Khan& tnen. A.s JOOD u
O:trya Kf1.11u hatl re:ul the leu er he deJtroycd h. and 3Ub-
stiwted another in t he name o( Haji w;u.ir, to chil cfrea:
- "Your h"11 been llnd the is 0\'er-
powcri_ag: you mun Th.atta widl your family, and
make: no dday.-we will mt apin in .tbe viUttge o
(:hru:hg:m: As ;u thU arrived. on tl1e night
(M.S. U. IJJIII lrfflld'l INnltot itJn qrn /J.wi lA )6,, UVI
b(l JtotAtr. MS. A. Aot.,....,., tMt Itt IIMk hU ..oi.Vr
.Dar:l6 KhdliL)
r
TA.klkll-l M" AIUa.U
141
of the 9th ll.a.mxan, Sll.abu.d din departed without bruk-
ing hb fut. and cro.s.sed ri"ler. Ddea.c bad indeed
reached him. Re bad reigned eight When he
mel hi5 wa.cir, the llmcr reproached" him {I'.Jr running
and aJkcd him why he bad OOn\C there, Tbe false despatch
WlJ then produced, upou which the lfaji exclaimed th::.l
he had not writ,ten it. At ltnglh they di&eavmd th11.1. it
was the cra[ty work o! Darya

and were aorely n
I)Oycd,--but when :l mattt.r- lJ completed repentance is we-
less. Oarya Khan J)Uuued them 10me stage$. He then
brought bad:: )am Pi.ro11 iUl.d entered Thltt:l on the day
of the
1
Ttlu,l fi& (at the cl0$C c.bo Jtamzan) nnd to
t he 'idgah they offered up th:ir prayers. Afler dib, am
l?irox reigned feture.ly lor ACme )!:'Irs, until the end o tbe
year 916 n A.H, (1511 . .Ul.}
1
wbC"n Shn.h Beg Arghun Invaded
Sind.
11t.e battla whJch followed .are dtsr.ribed in their pro-
JX'l' places. 1 have!: nt.vt:r met wftb any written aount o(
'ihe hbtory nr t11e Sumr.as and Samm:u, tO I h.ave CO'mf>O'ed
this UU'nn\:u-y, H an)" one it b4utr acquahued will' th<:.
Sltbjea, he lhould make 2ditiom to this,
B<><> IJJ
Tht Wondm (4 Siwi


'The !ort fofSiwl, whid1 is situated on a -tmall hill. is built
tOf round 'itOucs, of a l.ind which U round wheuver the
-earth 1$ clug- in. th11t ncighbour.hobd.
Iu' and Chhatur, which ore di-tlticu of Siwi,
COttOn pla.nu grow a& large ru ti'(Q, tusom,uth that men
pick the totton enou,ued. On each couon plant there
"One or two himdn:d snakes, of :a apan Jong. so thu tnetJ
obJl.I[Cd to bruah chem <.1lf with :\l)d drive them
l3WIY be.lort' they can pluck the U any one ia bitten
r "'{So;,. htA MSS., Jf(IJ('t'., M.t "'92t/" ( U20 a..d.).
"U'lizh , rQ1'S'ttf, ]
142 HI.STOIUA."'fS OF SIND
by n sn31cc, they inmltdiately OJI'!!n the "'otmtl with n rv.or-
tmd sud:. out the poiM>n, oilierwist tlca.lh would tUJ)t'l'vCle.
1'hc little: river wh_ich n u ll by Siwi 1iSei apparenl1y
Crom a .mlpbureow $0l1Xtt. and tmy one wlto dfw.kt thr.-
W1.Cet' of it blla sftk. Ma.ny men h ave died rom tlutl
bu't it dou not affect the inhabitama 'WhO are aocut-
tomed to h. Notwirh.s.tandi ng lluH the garriwn wu
C\'et')' year by Sultan Ma.hmud, otosc. o( the
soldiers died (rom its <:fleets, lfntl only It few tsc=aJled.
In r.be drue o{ Akbar, a Rood C2m( and putgW ll'u: sourcn
o.t .the river rrom the aulpbur, tJuce which Lime tlu: alck
b.as been le&$. Thi$ river runs lift)' ltos be)'Ond Siwi,
ooUectjng 1n S.arwnh. wbt're it .is used in injgation, :-.nd tlll!'
wMer which iJ not expended ror that tmq><e flows i nto
the Jake of Manchhnr, whidi b near
On thal lnkc there are man y 'nakes,u very long
and thin, the biles of wb.ids {L-w sorvl,e:, mtn in th:n
nelshbourhood \\'tit Jong drawert to prou:tt themtotlvt$
t\Jen(nu 1heir bitea. l m}"'eU, when 1 wu tht:rC look.lnp; ac.
me1' irritr.-t>na thl'ti" .c.w Ul'\'en.l :.t i l t!p
my hone wok. As it was bol, I wished LO dismount on the
of Lhe lake, but !or {ca.r or the makes. 1 W1ll cou1pcl
4
ted to do &Q at a distanu on the plain beyond.
t n the plain or Slwi there were i onnerJy many !oru.
and ffi(I Cit cultiv:uion, but all b now wane-; the hot wind
(simoo,m) bloyn there. S:iw-i, and Kaamur,
14
there 11 a tract or land called &rgarJ., wlucb breetb horst:i
not inferior to thOle o! 'Ink. Tfic- colu llfC: made
to walk. U()(IR grn:-;el for a year, by whJcfi their boob ix'
oomc as hard 1U a 1onct and there i.s no occuion to tboe
them, for tJH:y can go unshod e'tn :ullOog&t the billa.
Al Chbawr there b .1. tribe called Jtaba:ri, 1o0
Lrom tbc lret named Klahar, on wtUdl one ol their a.nteJ-
IDD motmu:d, and when Jt:rtrc-k with Jl whip, it moved on
Hkc- tt hone.
Near Can java, which is a distl'ia or Si wi, Wlller- 1prfngs
Iron) a hi.U. 10d co"c-n a large: c:xt.t'llt of g'I'O'und. 'Fiahes
li>[ .. ML-."' Tlu dmriptiDfl ru1 it'"Oil wrt to
.
U"rittt" lty IJoJtt. On MS. u'l'im It NJttJmi,,"
1111 oflur is- illtgib(l.)
I
<
nre lound in it. Amonpt hUb o! Ganjot''" .there i$ 11
Jof'Y one rmm whid\ an iron cage, in wbkb 1hc:y
t1LY du:l'e is plnctd, but it cannot be got af. ff
any one dcsttuds to it frOlll a.OO,e. by :. r-ope, it
owa)', and I! they :ut:empt to rcac.h h lr<Jm bel.e.Hh, the
)J.IInwi t riAcs to the stan, and the urtll rcccdo,
'11lC hiUt or Situr and tle rher Abk:uhlda run in a
M>rt o( $Clniclrcle (rom Siwi 10 G:utj:tva.ta Dc:twecn the&e
l
>l:t.CC1 there ia a wilnto through whiC'h the road to Kanda
\tr ruN. Iu JcnJClh rrom tte river to Siwi is a hundred
/ros
1
and iu breadth rixty. ln summer the bot wiotl blOW$
O\U t11i.$ t11'1ek ror !our monthJ.
The Wondcr.r Of KonJhluw

At the hHI allcd Sihud:a u the rock wti Jtarped. and a
lofty arched recess called Pes'nllk cut by order of tht
Emperor Dabu. Eighty tton:-maroru were ('mployed nine
in iU Q')mpletlOI'I, h iJ ll1dCid a \Oft')'
ow::rlooking the w.teu o the Argh:md, and
vated 6dcb. ln spt'fng m;my peorJe rert thtre, but it b
dlllicult u. reAdi on :t.ccount or us u&er:H. Within
thi3 are illscribed the 21amet of .Badshah. nud
o[ hb trusty ndberemJ. Mirta Kamrao, Mirza 'Ashri. und
Miru f-UndaL As bil mnjaty Humayun h3.d ne,er vlJited.
l ht S)>Ot.. hb name 1\lll.$ not included n the jnsa'iptiOn. OC
aiJ htS dominioo. Kandahar ""'U tbe only place mcntiotled.n
When I visiled dle tpot it carne into my bead that. I wouJd
iOJCribe: his name there, ,., "ell .u that or hU augu.n On
(Akbar) with thelr thowands of tributary cltle$ kil_.lg
tlo.us. like and IAbul. 1 thdeorc sc:nl for
tome stonc"'ttc" engr;Wers from Dhakbr, a.nd had
tlK names o{ these engra,ed, with those or tbeir de-
r.
endent chief 1.nd provmCC$, from Bengal to B.andar Llharf.
t'Otll lt:abul and Gbuni to t1c Dekb.ln. wiaboul. :soy omi,.
ti(1'll# AISS>. dilrr lltrt ;\., II mfV'Cllh.ni
(so i1l MS. A. Tl1 JJS. .. Sarmdr." """' /tJ11ld
$1 ........
"(A I() bf! fftJIIirm lt.tn. IN ltnffJl(#
uill rNJ, UICI.I ltOt tvt'l (If tttrJ of 1111
MwriNi.oN ... } ,
144 JUSTORIANS OF SIND
:$ion. It took nearly four years to complete this work,
which indeed excited great admiration. Below the hills
there is a cavern not far off. It was from the other extre
mity of .this, tltat Baba Hasan Abdal brought out tl!e golden
brick. The distance between tltese two ends is seven or
eight kos.
On the same hill near Kandahar, mukhlisa is found,
which is an antidote against snake bites and other poisons,
and it is found nowhere else in that country. On that
hill also .there is a fire temple of a very ancient date. It is
built of unburnt bricks, each two yards long and broad,
and one span thick. The temple extsts to this day, and has
.sustained no injury.
In Kandahar there used to be plague 28 and sickness
year, till Sltah Tahmasp directed Sui tart Husain Mirza,
governor of tl!at province, to plant canes on .the stream
which flows near the town, and the water of which the peo-
ple use for drinking. Since that, the sickness has abated,
but even now in some seasons /Iague and disease break
out with great intensity; bloo being passed from the
belly, nostrils, ears, and mouth. When 1 went there, in
the reign of his late majesty, Akbar, to render assistance,
it was at its height, and in the year 1007 11. (1598 A.D.)
nearly two hundred soldiers died of this disease.
With the Hazara tribes neat Kandahar, it is not the
practice to wear coloured clothes such as white, red
and black, nor is there
any trade in clotltes and shoes of tltis kind. Among the
buried near Kandahar may be mentioned
Baba Hasan Abdal, a descendant of the Saiyids
of Sabzawar. After a pilgrimage to the holy cities, he
accompanied Min.a Shah RUkh, son of Sahib-Kiran (Timur)
to Hindustan. On his return he spent some years in
Langar Kandahar, and died there. His tomb IS on an
elevated spot surrounded by villages, and overlooking the
Arghandab, and to it, as to a place of pilgrimage, men and
women, little and big, low and high-born, resort on Fti
days in great crowds, so that the city is sometimes empty.
It is certainly a charming retreat, and travellers say they
have seen few spots to compare witl! it.
"["\Vaba"; also used to duiguatt Cho/.,a.]
T.UlKHI M' A$U)t1
BooR IV
Account o( the cotmiry of Sind /)<l.r.ti"s tire handl
O}l.ht 0/ th4 Jimpm:or J' Jiluzr aJier tlrt dtat}t Of
Sulttm ftf(lh.mud Klum
I ha-.e before how Kisu Khan caJne to l.llut klw'
on the: 12th jum.ndi\1 ahwill 982 liijri (August 1574}
bringing with 'him an intpt:rial in wMCh he wu
directed- to dividt Bhakht eqtrttll)' between Muhlb 'Ali
Khan and Mujtllid Khan, and then to ;proceed to Th:uttt
:tiUI mn.ke Muhammad Kaki Tuk.ban pruon.
At tlllt time Mujabid Kban wu in t he c;ountry of
Cauj1.w-n. but when he btard o( KUu X.b:.n, l'U'rival nt
Bhakkar, he haJttncd to hitil there. .Bul before bt:
arrh-ed KUu Khan song:ht to dear out lht: fort of Sikhar.tt
Mujahid Kh:.n'a; men proeranlruted, but Kisu K.hrut dU.
:If'J'I'oving or thb. tent off a fOT<C. (() S.:tkhar. Waldl Khan
wlio w:u t.ht: represtmati-.e of t.fuj"'b.id Klan. fought upon
tbe wAll which Khan fUtd buJlt round Sath:.r,
.and .t-tvt1:':tJ ,e.rsoru on botb .lides were killed, and more
wounded. Thl'CC day ,tft.er Ute Ggl.tc, Muj:hid Khan urriv-
c:d and took away Jus me.n tO LoT,:ui. Slith:u- then revert
ed entirely into the /"lOwer of Kis:u Khan, but towardJ
Lobad tht: pttrgnrns 0 .Bbakbr wu in the pos.ses.'ion or
'AH Khan :md Mujahid Kh.r. n.ao mc:o who
auc:mbJed (to rupport i:ih . . wt:re brol:enheartt:d. At
thiJ junc:cure, Ome oi the un people dest rted t.hem
and came co Bb:a\.kar, where u Khan h.'ld them put 10
deuh opon the maJevolertt suueuion of Sb.ah Baba, son
of Jan &ba Turkban, Kiiu -Khan wa.J a. te\'t:rt harsh
tempered man. and one day lb.rji Ta,.,aji having beeJl
guifty of aome he had Irons pl:u:ed upon Lt.is rcct in
tht! prcst.nce of b.U court.
TWo a(te'I'Wtlrds. M.ujabJd Khan went op
Tbaua, Muhlb 'Ali khan ln charge: of tbetr
fle ha.lted fOr 1 ew days :lt cbe town or Ranfpur
tlfS. n. "'' WBJ.ijl;ltur!'J
(So """JIJ.g t11 MS. A.; J.'nf iJ t>Ntil11-J Jrowt B. b.7
'SW# oJ llr.r etJ;yU.t.. Moltt '"MWIW AI' tDUI Mvj61tid Kh41l
}I.,Jd RIWI mvJ Tlggar,,
10
OP f.LKO
in order to outfit his {Qrce. Khan. at the
or the men or Dhakkar. tcm an nny again Lohnn. On
Friday. the 2nd or Ramu.n 982 A.n. (Dtmber 15?4),
having divlded his t1tmy iflto two he aoued over ll1e
rher. One division he dirttttd l)y o( t he ga.rd(.ll$ oi
the city tow.uds Lo-htri, and .the other be embarked in
gltra/4 and boau and Aent c.hem firing and towardJ
the shrine o Khiu, Mulilb Ali Khan'a . mon
mounted Md went towards the 'id-gflh. lCi$1.1 l<hAo'
a.rrivcd fn their 1Jmrl.n aud $Ct fire to Muj:::ahld
Khan'& bolts, and when chc flames rote high. the horsemen
fdl 1),'\Ck and went to\'.Wcls their homu. At c.h.lt time
K.Uu Kbnn'1 hotsemen UJ) and lhmw tod:.ets u into
the dty sec it on fire iJl SC\'C:rnl pii\Q:t. Muhib 'Ali
Khan then mounted hi1 horx and ll<.:d. The men of
Btuakbr .1.UJW emered .the city_ :ana pillaged until evening
capturing the ;md kettle drum o Muhib 'A!i
Kfu.n w5icll they bore off witb them to tbc fort. When
the lnteU.igtnce reaclltd Mujahld 'AU Kha.n he returned
by forced m:tr:CIU:$ to but he was greatly dUp:irited.,
and in consideration o t11e roy-.) . power lie rer.r:a:jned lro.m
rQOies.dng KJ.ru Klun.u The laucr established binuc:Jf in
t.h.e fort. o!, an.d p{WiJtd' great injUJtict, Wht:n
the Empcr:o:r Akbar bcdlme aqllll\i.ilied with these {act:$ he
pltced the ex>unrry under the cha.rxe o Tarsun Khan. a.nc.l
ul the o! ?l{ubarram. 98! !-.H. {April 15-?5) Mu
ha.mm.nd Tahir Khan, son O( Shah Muhammad
MuJJt, and Muhammad Karim K.b"n omd Min11 MuhtHnenad
Sultan arri"cd at the lOWn o Lohllri. 5ent c.o Khu
Kh.an a copy o the. fc.rman o:mierring the jagir o[ Dhak
kolf (on 'Tiar$lan Kh:nt),
KiJ.u Khan was at lint inclined to rtsist and
c.o $Ct LbC$C Olex1 nt d.e.6a.ote. but wltt'..1l th.e mauer
c:antc to be talked ow:r, he went IQ the chid of the
sQi,icb, who a:ut some prieslS twd a p:trty o w the
Wr t4rdars tO ghe tbem counJ.CJ. The sardars detained
them UJ. and de!ircd them co write a. true 1t.a.tement o
a1fairt od .send it to the E.mptrol'. 'The pfieu.s begged to
"\HuklcahAt AtiJh.) '
Tin M$$, difftr tligJfll1 hut, #lid tlu lt.rl lJ fl'ql rltor, 6-111
dte laollli il.$' appw to be u rc:u.krtd.l
;
147
be cxeuu:d, but said they would Write if both parties were
present. Tbc .tt:rdtl7'1 repUed that (C.l$u Khan's agenu wac
prueut, and that if tho pl it$U write tbe truth in
their pretetce, no futther trouble would be givtn Lb.em.
The pdem upon the buW1ea At soon 11
KiAu Khan tlit he wu abnned, Cor be aa.w that mat
\vtf"C going wrong and lh.3t lhe forthcoming mtmorial
wou.l<l be: ruinow to htnt. lfe d1erdore teot to' uy tbtt
be would gho up the o1t, and tbat they ne:M uot write.
Khans sem word back Llutt the memorial waa written.
:tnd thu they would kec:p it ready. ll did not wmn
de:r the_ tort the letU::r should bt k't\t to the Emperor--ao
Kliu Kh;ut having no othtt remedy, oond\tcted tho J{ha.ru
juto .uu: fore..
'' An order hB.d betn' iuucd by the Emperor that Ki1u
K.ban. in conoen. with tJlt brtiJn"t.n of Tar&un Muharomad
Ktutn. the Jalyids, and 1he chief me.n, abouJd nto'tke toquiry
about the trt;);S.m;c, houses, and c.ITts n( StthiUl Mth.mud
KhBn, sc.nd a de.caiJtd account thereof to 1be Coun.
In obedience to the Ro):al ordcn, du: people of Sult1u1
, Mahmud'' ba.nm wen: $t'llt w the presence, and hi$ chid
wile, aister C){' Jaban KhAn, W4l unt to Ul1ore. At the
.Ur:t\C t ime, K.hwala Sani. Sins:h D:ulr.u:i, Banwali .Ou
NaYi.Jind.J. anived tor the JlUI'pose of tettJiog the atr-ain
or chc treasure and of the people of the harem of Sulttn
Havlog aCterwardJ looked i n(() the matter or
the trc:uurc at Lobar{, they rropc'lr6ed l(J return by 111'l y of
tfagor in the beginning: o Rlljab of the )'ear abO\>-:e-
named.
;, \VhM Tanun Khan n:cdvcd. perm4ion to
depan (rom the Court, some o( the nobltt';ObJted thut it
w:ts inlp,'l1itio to pfa,c:c the chllclte.n or SaUul Mutk on the
bonle.n ol dte pountry, 10 be w:u ll.pJlOilncd. _ governor .of
Agr.t and a wu madto in t,.:e..cpec:t;o Bl:uakbr, lor
Banwa.li Du wu Jenc., there to iltt c6arxe of the rev.1nue.,
and genera) aJiaiu. Aflerwn.rds. for better JtQJrity,. Mit
Saiyjd Mo.han:twad wu clignlfled wilh nfficx o{ Mir.f
{ClUe( _lunicc), with a niansab of 1000, and appointed
govtrnor o( Bb.akbr.
On the J 1 th of o the: year :abo\'tm_eJ;l t(I)Ued,
he aoivt.'<l Ahtkkar, and the minister, of nolirfon
148
HIJTOIUANJ Of IIIND
nnd the chie me:n waited upon him to ahow due
honour and He then p"e 50,000 bi&hru o[
land lo the 14iyu1t, learned mon a.nd OlJII'!f!J in portion&
suited to the position or each ooe. 'l'hc mJntnera of re--
ligion enjoyed a h.nppy t.i.me during his a.dmjnirttati on. ln
the pnn o[ hQ ruJe..he unt a orce ag:rinJt the Man-
kinja. oi the district or Gagri who were rebellious.
n.nd had hi officers. He acted Ofpre&sively 10..
wards the ryob in n;\'(nue matters, for he fiXed by men-
turcment a payment of five tMns per bigha UJ?<?n All l:auds
:llike, Md the revenue otflcet'J, \\hom he :lL)pointcd, dealt
har.dtly wilh the culdv:uort. The ttoops of Ute Miri 'lldl
!lrrived lt a amaU (on between Cllmbax n.nd &jra.n. Tht!
Manki nj.u showhlK no respect, shot arrowa at them, ::md
'liC:lf1111 or the 110ldlen were killed. There waa n. well in
the: !ort imo whi<:b the gract.1e.u wretches, threw the bodies
both of and t ot'ield.t nnd fi.Uc:d it up with tarth.
The Miri 'adl wl'I..S eonaged Ill thiJ, nd sent /or rt.inCort.&
nu!rle.J from Siwi, to t.llke A(ter a $hOrt. oppo.
Jltlon. the Mank.i:nju lett theit home 2 1ld took. to figbt.,
S"Jyld Abu. I F:n-.1, 1h" Min i 'ad/', JOn, who eomm:..n4td ,
the troops . put-suW them for some dinancr, and then re
turned to IJ!ulla.r. Some time a!tt.r tll is the Miri
Cell all, he lou much blood :t.od l'li$ weaknt:f.l incrcascd tUI
he died or' Ll\C 8th o Sh'ab;m, 984- A.H. {October 1576),
Aftcr his death, tbt Emperor appointed $01\, Ahul
'Fatl. to tucoeecl him in t.he govemment v BbaU.ar. 1n,
the )'e.;u Abu.J ,;th:ed a:nd confined the head
men o( and 11Clmvards caused two or thrtt of them
to be U"amplcd to denth by elepha.nu. On the 9th o( Zi'l
hjja 985 A.H. {Feb. 15?8) l'timad Khan, ao m.l l'lllcl.' . nnd
one of the empr.:ror'J ll'LUt)' came ItS KO''tl'nor to
:Slu'll:b.l. He w;._$ a mao or passionate temper and did not
deot l ki ndl y whh rl\t tolditn, peuanlS, or nobles. Some
.of the minuten o religion were croubled by hi' c::onduc.t,
and resolved to Wl)' tM1r complafnu to the Tbe
govtmor thereupon ent a peuon to them With exC'IU(J,
but ll\cy WU1.1ld Ml be .flttisficd, and resolutely determined
to proceed. When they the royal ptatnoe
stated their grlc\<tnoet againn that cruel mM), The m.
pero.r replied il ' h3d oppre&&ed d 1c= in lhc

rc:prc3nu:d, he would I.JC kUJcd. And h turned out
OCKtly 1J Lbe IOngor.c= prc<llcttd. 111ft lhl$ manner.
Be wu an tu:bitual jcsca: Ud scoler. and 'fiOUicl utter
,m and filthy c:x.peuliona before rood men: he aho dt-a.h
nGllrdly wnb the croops; $0 on the lOth Rabi' ul 11ww11l
98G A .. u . (May, 16?'8) st party or soldier O"'ri.\(Jirtd and
sltw hJm in h11 h1Jt of audlence.
AltCI' IN: <l<>lh of l'llw>d Khan lht Emperor 8"''*
the: o>unuy ol Bhakbr in ,.1"' co Fa.c.h Kha.n Bihldur.
Jlaja Parmanand and Raja Tocb.r MaJ,u Jn the mooc.h
or llajab or the .. me year
1
tbe Khlul nml the o ther two
8f'll\tets .:ame to Bhakbr and took. posso.don or thelt ,.,.
por_t.IOAJ. T-o )'t=lrt aft.cnrrar<U PJ.rm2n.and pro-
Cttdrd lO tbe Cour1 in obed.k:ntz. to dt:n.. The Dlilju
afttrwarch quan'tlkd with hit brother Mdbu Du. and
;u.scmbltd in the town or Alor with hostile fnttnt. Two
or dtrte llgbu loUowed. :md men were slatn on both idn.
At len1th acme: t11rbultnl fcJiowl joiud in the attad. 10
Fa.tb Khan 5t:IU htt own tDCn tD them down.. The
ln.curs,.ntt. then and CIU.pcncd.. Fatb Xlwu
tbeo wcm w Coun, where he wu wil1t w:-ent {a.
vour. Iris momoll wtls inm:oed. and t.he oC l'arma
oud wu au.ignl!(l to hhn.
Fath Khan w-. a simple-ID1Ddl:4 rna111. rood of
money. who pa'd hb lhanlu with hd lOr:'IUt. but be
dedt kJrully wic.b the people and pfOV'IdCd Cor their
auhf,iuence. He l1ad a tNI/u'l named Sh111ba.b Khan.
a unnindor of 1w inexperienced wbo knew
ol bw..inat. At lbc lnuigation or one Farkl he
.a tht> pcl)p)c- o1 Kha.n Na.bar, and kd a rocce
the fort ol &io-l:ot. whitb wN in the twult af t.biabun
,Nabar. A grt.a.l baule !oU.uwcd.. in whit:h f,.lb. Khan
line lUtn were aiain. Khan also fell witb a.U his
brothers. Wbeo intelligence ol lhU rnthtcl
ht to.undy rau.mccl Filb Jthans jacir and ic co
Na-...b M.uhammad Sadi:l. Jlka.n tOgether wi.th the duty
of a.pturlng Tbaua. Re a.rrirtd at Dhal:k111r on 1.'\actday
tbc 12th R:ibi'-u-,1 994 A.H. (Feb. t58f.l). The prtcns
and otllcrs wc:nt out co m:l him, nd be rcuhed lhllm all
. . ,..,,. 8. llll.h, .. ...,.,._ -1 ,., kll, U/11 ,,.,... ., ... ,,
''""'"'
!50
Ull'l'OR.IANS OF St.""D
with honour a.nd to.r !j()l)le 1iw:e he i.n Dha
kkar 6etting iu aain in ordec-, but in Zil hijja o the $.lmft
)'ar. he mnn:hed :a&ainn Siwinan. Before goins on tb.iJ
exptdh.ion he tougiu with the men of Miru. J2ni Beg.
many of whom were killed. '!'he breele of \'ictory tbw
bq.._o 10 blow on th.C: b:t.nncn Muhammad Sadik. H'e c.h.t:n
p1'<XlCedcd ou hi$ cxptd1don. Meanw.blle Subhan 'Ali
Argbun, who wM il' command o[ the tncmy. bad cons-
tructed a fort on tbe bankt; o( the r iver, and had ru.rnished
il with munitions of war. He b:.d nl50 collected many
glrrolu l'*nd boau tbere.
When , Muhamnutd Stl.di\ \\dvanctd. 'be Arghun
aune out tn hb ghrt:b1 nnd guve b:-tU..ICJ bnt he was
dclc:ucd and taken prboncr alh'e, and lfl.llny of hi!
men Wert tilted n' d wounded. Twc1vc ghrobs ;also
feU into lhe lund.J o! d1e victQrs, Grcady cl:ued with these
victorit.$ he laid dcge to SiwUta.n, operation. occupied
tome: time, l:n. 1t he at length sunk a mine which car
riM :tw:ty the: gate i 1l ( I'Ol'lt o( the Con. lmtructinns had
been gh'en that noman Was to entfl' the rort without or-
ders. $0 when the "noke 1nd dun cleared ufl'. th;. besieged
Ul co up' die breacb, and 'maintainmg ;) fire
(I'Qm thelr cannons and g,uu (tOp c> ttifaitttJ. The J>arty
on the top of the gt\ttwrty which fa.-d @own intO the
air feU to the ground uninlu.red. j"ani now
advJtnced with a force::: n.s tar at Mihr:m. which lJ, .six km
from Stwan. ln. COil.SC(}utnce o[ thh, Mu.ham'mad S.1tlik
rai:setl the :Lnd wau to OpJl06e hi1 prcgreu. When
he came oppMiU'! the t..a.kk.l bilh,. lhe &hrabs oC Miru Jani
opened fire upou hirli. They continued 6ght.iug K.YC-
rnl da)'. till an imped:,1/rmmm arrived stadur il1at Mil?..'\
Jnm had sent Juitab)c tribute to the Court, and h11d
m-.de' hmnbte and duti[ul Sadik
there{ote returned to Bhll.kkar, amd a &bo:t inter\'lll
he repaired l(t Court. One yen afcc1'Wn.rd hi:s jagir Wat
ukt.n ftom him. 111 the two lt.horiJ harvests
while Muhammad SJdik be.ld Bhakkar, locustS a.ttacked \he
aops and (:\ffiine enrued. Mauy ttt,. .J) emigT).ted in va.rioUJ
'dtrdons. The Sall\ija& and J.luluchit; pl\1ndered Soth
tide' or the river od ldt notb.ing na.nd.ing.
At the c:nd of R.ibl'u.,. u.n.l, 996 A.U. (FC.b. 1588), the
j<Jgir ol Uh::tltbt wu granted tO bma'il tcha11, Olnd bit Jon
ltihman Ktli Beg cameo to Uc place. 'Ibis noble.
man w.-1 wite, tmd treucd d:e J>tOple wh)1 great Ji:indneu
uod ooru"i.dc.r:ufon. so clutt th;"()ugh his genlle m.an:tgtmcnt
dtcy betook tlletutei\'C:I once more to culti'vadon. and by
their ctfort$ tlu: wasted land became (ntitJul.
When lml11.'il Kuli KJum )eft Mulrnn and went to the
Courl, the jagir was t:n.ktn from him 1:md grnntcd 10 Shi
roy;l Sultan. In the: bcgimli.ng of Jyf uharram 997 A.JL
(Nov. 1688), be came Bhk.ltn:r. He was addicted to
wine, nod left lhe mnnagtlncn. of hJa a;ffain in t-he ,h::tnds
-o hb putchast"d Ni,ltt and day he was enpged
i n riot and dcbluehery, u.nd but t.eldom sat in pu61ic
court, or allowed nny one lO have aw:ss to him, The
J)C'.DsiOJ1S and A)IQ., .. :anr.fi to the !lk.f1'1 5topped. At
one ocrlod Shaikh Saugi reLt.i:vtd or the reVc: uut
;md bwineu. and for it time he vi&lted .the abopJ ancl
took JlOut.:ssion of tbcir moocy and bu.$iue.u.u l-fe aent
his son 'Muhamnud Huu.in 10 'ubduc Siwi, but the
Aftham ancmb1etl :IJ..\1 lleraly OpP?:fCd him. HiJ
aif guard wu c:ompoliCd of l u.lclil.s.8" who ftod :&t the flnt
awu::: k. The m.iJn body w:u lheu l,$$:.ulted, Many 'NUC
slain ;md mnny laken priJcnen. 'fh_to rest were broke
and put to flight, but the weuhe:r waa hot, anti large \nrto
ben CUed o! tfiirn iu l11e mir-:ge. Those who esaapc:d ruhc
"ft'ere. a. long time be!OJ:'C they recovered. ne '\\ailJ o<Q
$iOOI!(l by Utf! and t)TAnny of .Shi.rOJ:!: at
tJndcd to hellvtn, fro(O "''benet the glad tulingt of 'his
-removal came tO lhc people: of Dhakkar. They aCapcd
!to.n'l tiiJ: 11.nd once more lived in loi Mu
'hamm(l S."dik Khan ngaln received the jogir.
On t.be' of Rabi
1
1:.l awwal 998 A.U. '(Dtcembet,
1589) Mim /4uhmmad :Z.l,id, <On ol Muhammad Sadik,
<amc to !lhaldqt.l. He j\<Ople with kindnt ond
poured tb'e balm of hatitt. ,,pott
1
htaru wounded by ry.
{3.riOy'
1
.He y.'Uj _good.tookj:ng a.nd and he
'th l earqtd and cxceUc.nt men. He rC'$lOted
th'e pentiol,aand ln accordance witl' the l(r'anu
m;ufe by h.U [ather; and put to 6ppreuion, IC.hwtjl.
. '
HI.STOI.TANS OJ" SINO
Muhammad Ma.'.um wu Mub.atntulld SadU.'s He
wu 11 man o( exo:Jltm. quallti.es. and co.upe.tent in all
husine$$, The people were re-Jn;urcd 11.nd wcm about
their culth a. tion and btLUdiflg. But a he..heuly vi$i1Jitjorr
(cU UJl(U\ the &pring aop or that ye;u; notwlthn.anding the
care or the evil da)'1 cnnu:d. a.nd it wu
imponible to collect the taxet.. A ACardty or rood :again
occurred.
About tl1ia Hit tl1e Emperor had to
make a J>UbUc example. When the RoYill Court WllJ
rem<we<l to l..tibore, Mi.rot J:n_)i Be!:t, imitation o( Mi17J\
Shah 1-lu.uin, renounced hLI obedtence. and prc.tendcd to
independence. 'the K.bMi K.tut(n\n w:s sent
to u1ke 'Thnttll a nd bring Buluc:.bb under <lOntTO . He
reached the pl:loe ln tl1e month of ShawwaJ ot tl1e y.:;ar
aWr!:!aid, betwten t.hc :md vernal h.uvca"" and
proedcd to IU all Wings in order. At that time, J, the
author ot this h.isto'[ 11roceeded from J\hmadllbad in Cu
tn Jn\rworb C"Aurt. ny eood fortune my mother
hld sent. some little curiosi tieJ, "fhich l prtscnted to his
Miljesty. '11\tteopl)n he Coljuired with grt:at ool'ldetcen
sion how Jn.anr. yean t had been ablitnt from my
l replied ' that it was twenty He was gra.ciOu$ly
tO dirtc:t Uut l should go to viait my mother a nd
oftcrwnrds rt!CUTI1 l o my duty, He further ordered 1he
grant of o. jGgiY lO me. Thereupon, Muluurunad Sadit.
catnt to my aid, and uld that :aJ 1 was co Dh:t_klulr.
it would be \ltJ'Y pleaunt to blt.\'e my 1'agw there. Uis
Majesty Aaid .tluu Ah:tl:kar bad beeJl grnni.cd in jngir tt>
the N:nvwa.b K.hani Khanan. 'l'he la tter WRS JU'C&ent ;tt
the tirn.e And said that [( HU Maju ty plwed tO make me
n (ral.lll in :Shak.kar he would it over to me. but if
be l1oJK'(I to rtce_ ive u.u ellewbere. T he Royal
comm1n.d WQ then gi\en lor a grn11t i n m,al;_ltar, and tht:
offid.Jl& a.uigncd to me the parganu of Durbc:la, Cngri :\tid
Arter thl& was arranged, His M:Ljcny in hiJ
jp'eat Jt indoes'J a nd ga\'e me a one of
hiJ own rur eoar.s. And as be: dlsmis1cd me h e quoted the
line--
16S'
On the 14th:' sarar, 999 A.H. (Nov. 1590), l rtlldted.
Bbakbr, where the Khan-i Klunan h.td arrived before
me. The l'lf!ather hO! .1.nd the rher high, .so
JOine: days tbc:rc; but when the star C4.n.OJ)US appe:srctl l1e
d.i.tm.bsed me with Bah11.dur Kha.n, Mulln Milimudi, nd
some othcn. We wont to Sibw.an, and the Kha_nl
ollowt"tl :ihd 0\'U'Lool us there. The people of Sihwan..
el0$Cd lhe pta of .c.btir fort. The :Kbaui Khannt\ Lhen
ton!:ulted with his rtobles u ro whether it w:..s better to
.narcb againSt Mina Jani .Beg in 1.'bam, at once, or tO IU>J
and take SJhwan bc.fort prcedlng. They all :tgrd tbnt
:.s Sihwnn wAS in the direct road. and lheu men 111d boil.l1
mun P'l" IbM way, it w:\s desirable to ..e(;Ure it beot-e going
{urtbcr. Having 50 determined, the rher was crow:d, h21,
ttrie (morc:hc) were rala.e4, and we bqtan to ta.kc mea-
sures (or sec:unng :.'! pas.sase. over the nvcr.n Dut intel
ligtnce aunc tbOtt N'-ww1h Janj &g had left 'T'haua with
A powcdul (ortt and WJS ad\ancing us. So the
liege railed and our !oroet turned 10 oppose him,
J:u' i &g then thrtw ur a .aort of fonU on the b1nk 0 the
ri\er at dte viUage o l..oltari above Nasrpu, and chuo-
sttengthencd his position.
Whe.n 1he l(hani Kh:man came withln about tix.
k03 !rom tllis Conlftcd IXISt Beg 120 al'l'l'lotd:
glmtlis many boau u:.der the oom.nmod o( Khmru
Kh:w :md other offiars, and also two IUl'llles, one: on
n:dt bank o( the river, to make :a aimultaneow aua(L
l on tbe camp or lhe K.han-i Khamm. To mtt.t tlern our
forces advanced a Uttle on lhe ba.nk. o Ute river, w1ltrc .:c-
$Ome sand-works 6ve or lix jarlbt of mund.
Muhammad Mukim 1U1:.n B.ikh$hi, 'Ali Mardari Khu ..
Murid Kha.n 'Sann.adi. and the writer of this with
&e\'t.ral noblemen. w:re appointed , to that l1Umble
fordtkation. . Our Jnnr\!c:tioru were. that when the
gl.rabs enooe up they mWt n't.::ew.rUy p:Lss In front of our
IortiJitd po.sltic;m, b,allSe i n rront o( it there wal a
luge an'a.b,nt !rom wh.id: they ml)st to
1
' reacb
HI:STO.IUAtiS OP !I.ND
our In !act, when Muh:.ml)t:td Muki.ut wile scm
there he wu told tbM h4 bwlneu wu to prevent :my
ger 10 the <:3mp Of dlitl $ide. In t he afternoon the glrrf!bs
came when they per<ved th.at on one aide ther-e w;:,s
w;atc:r with a .1iOI.O.diJanl. lltld op the other side water with a
Cott. ao they their progreu, a:nd guns from both
.sides :.nnl)unocd the openir)g o t1te fight, In the (QUnt
of the Kt!ani Kh1111an Knt a party ovtr tb the
opposite ndt,
The fc:ue:e whieh Jmi Jkg bad llppoiuted lor lbt'
putJ'O:S( assaulted our gate, but it had been wtll .ecured,
and thclr cfForu were Va.In. Jn the morlling_, the gltMIJI
amc up in lront oJ the c;uup. Tht gul\., in uur lord
IJC;tti.on were apJ\Oint.ed too bigb, &O dutt the bulb pii.SS(d
over the ghrnb$ and fell among our friends on &he other
Jide. k.Ulirig aeveral of them. The muulcs ol &.he guns were
then dc.pressed, AI) th,lt Lhe ba_l l.t p:t.ued through dte rJmlht
ou.r ide o! the rivr::r, and tllc:n touching the WJ.tct rote
again and c:ruthed eight or nine boau (/dslui) killing a
numbc.r oC tnqn,u l'hu.lbcy were l"t:l'lne:J (or llli>---Jur i u
eaeh ghrab .lbere carpenten who. quickly repa.irc:d the
fight WlJ carried on and the fir[ftK con
ln thll way or cha.t day.
1
Qn, qne' &ide was tfie (on
and army o the Khani T<Juaoan, on the other the sandbauk.
a.nd the ghmb1 mun pu3 them againn a
01rrent. --:t'he battle continued tUI t!ttr mJd.<Jay, and the
.enemy had m:.ny men kiUcd by the gum, They then saw
that they could not pau rJle ft>l'l, santr that t hey were losing
Ul:\JlY JlltJl, $U dJey l\'tre compelled tO retreAt. T he Kbanl
K.IWlRn's boats followed in pursuit and the anny barautd
them from the aborc. Khu.uu Xhan nctt'd judiciousl y!
hil own ghr4bt in the re;ar he &tnt otbCTS in Jmr
.tuit, aod $eYtral of l11e enemy'!\ ''eUCl' with K)Jdim and
Fi.ringi rtghtiug men of\ botJrcl leU into his handt. The
tO)'aJ glmtb h-.d accompanied the gh-rab o( Kbwrl Khan
.and uMortunatdy some fire from the l:Uttr rt;tc.hcd the
maguine or the royal ,.cue.J, and aU it contnined was burnt,
Some o( th.e crew ac;.'lpt:d ioto other vessels wbid1 happened
T.AJtlltN l.t'.um.n
165
to be near, but a lUJC proportion wa. kllled. St:Ul a grc1n
victory w.on.
NexL eta)' we mi; rdttld :t83.inu llle for t or Jani nelS in
which he bad (orl i.6t:d hiurnU. "!'here were &ewe lrt.de
sar.dhllls around, and tbc place diJiiwh
co take, When we uied to tnveat the place. l.be Kb.a.ni
Khanan and hi& oflictn. round the wor k hnprou:t.i cable.
nixbt. we m11dc n gc:tteraJ assmdt. upon 1.he pl:ta: <m
1ile. bm i t coo $ll'OftJC 1uld we nocbi1lg. (I w:w
then determined by tbe Kba.u-i Khamm thsn he would pro
end with 2. force tO Sihwan ud. take poueulon o[ tbe
country or Thacta,-that anothtr Coree should go to D:&din
:uul Fath,));.gb, 11nd that S'bat1 llcg Khan $bOufd march to
bc$dgc- Sb.ati-garb. a place lhat 6ad been buHl b)' Shah
Klllm Arghun. The Kba.nf Khanan accordiogly proo:e
dtd lO 1'hatt.,, anoll\u (oret went a.ga!rut Badin, Fath
K.h2n 11:nd J un, and Shnh .Beg Shah.gru:h. Stiyid
Jlahaud d m. chc: author, ana several otbcr of
the Kht n.i Khana11, went tO Siwan. where m.nny ot the
ddtnden were killed.
When tlrrison Comd th:at n):utefll &\l-
in, bard witb tltem they wrote to Jani :Seg th:'lt
unksl be ame to their aid, t1:e place mun b: lost. Upon
learning thb the martbc:d with great l.la.cr1ty co
Siwan. When he had reached a point about cwc:nty kw
from us, we n'otivcd of hit :ldvance. We- held
a council, and deu:mdncd to fiJ[.ht him; )0 " 'C ra.i.scd t.he
:md' ma:rcbed to oppou llis :advance. lA'ben the
KJuan.i Kh:man b.eard lh11 be atnt Muhammad Khan
'Niyat.i- aod lOme other of hi offitti"J wit h rt.irtforcerntnca
for u: We were near the lJLk.ki: htlb when -they joined
us, and our w:Uce.d force then amounted tO 1200 hone .Jan!
Beg wa4 J\dv:uu;ing the hilh with 10
1
000 boriC,
r.oge.the.r with 1 :r body of infuntry ' otrchm;
&.Ltd, he hoid ghmbf.rld-OUJI)I)n OOWog up the rner, 'Whefl
11e WIJ.Iix or kc dinaJ.\t,J ou.r fcadcn pceived (hat
il:"we treniiinedf.,.,hete we.wefe, We mJ.rbt be 2ttackcd on
every s:id.,.. pmiDeg m:igh"t att\ok w1rom the hi.llt. the
' .. '
1
.,Thi.r 'il ..,...4, NTio1.1l1_ u.'f'itltlf
1
'cAihiG! 'cAiiiMs,
'foiWti. /11 " tr.utnU Jro.u4p ll l"t bll '"o11dkd; It
t1 t<rMI t4 1,k lofilfdjsJdtri thihtA, "mwti!'l t
l!iG
ghrabs from the river, and the men or Sihwan !rom the
rt>.ai', O that wt: $bould be in a cridca.l pm:\don, We there-
lore resolved to marc.ll on lknd m-t him, aud our rorc:
were JccorcUngly set in motion. Janl BeR reteiYed intd
or our movement through fib J:pies, but could not
Q'O([i {Or he n&ked what our numbers oould be. and
what mun be our pres.umprion to ,c-mu.rc on .-ud.l a ncp..
nut thct dwt o( our mardt then became vbible (0 him,
:a.nd be jnnantJy proceeded to $Ct his army in amy. JL
"'' .U noon 1\'h.en tbe contending !orctt met. When our van.
guard became engaged, j,()ffiC o! the men took JlighL and
Red. Dle enemy punued, ll_nd oom_it\g up wlch Utlr m;clu
body the battle ))c(21mc gcncml, ''three or !our fitr
cbargu wtrt m:a.dc_ , but at length the enemy wt:rc
uood his ground and Cougbt de&pera.tely, but .tee-
mg that all was over, he Red, The enemy lou many
men in killed llnd priJoner.s. j;mi Hq rc:tre:uett w Untu
pur,4l twenty kos rrom tRe batdo-JleJd: where he raUcd a
fol't and urengthtntd his po.h..ion. \Vt. be!Jeged c.be
place, ud Allct' daY' l(hftn:l!o' :-trT'o\.Nl
penon.
'Tho b.ltttrit$ were pusb.ed and fighting
w-ent on t\->(1')' i wbiC.b nt:tl)t on both 'idt,_,t/c:re ii.
Jed. Digging approadlc:' to the (ort. rta.dted the edge
ohhe dftCh. tnd raised l.bere a mound or earth, Jani. .Beg
wou t hen reduc:M to and orfe:rtd tc:rmJ. 'l-lll pro-
po:sal was to ghe O\'er tO U$ thirty ghtnbs and tlu! Cort o[
Sihwan. He llim5clf would return lo but w0t1ld
meet Ul aga.h\ aCcerwud:... The Kha.n.i Khannn consulted
with lili oiiicen. and they aU asretd that J:a.ni DCR: wu re
du(t(l r.o and that no tenu. Ahould be made
with l1Jm-it w:u a mere of " day or two-and i(
he were allowed ro return tO "l'haua he wou1dJn-obably
dlaogc hit minc.l. The J<.hani Kbamu1 obscr\td :.t it we
a.uulted the fort. tnen on both sides would be slain.
:md that the wives .and t.amilie& of the would fall
into <mr handt :uld might be tre.ttt.d with indignity, for
thetc reason' be would accept the u.ud wt>uld further
obuln a m41114b ol 5000 from the .Emperor lor Janl lkg.
No doubt his dccUion wou sound. The repraericativcs of
['" 1' 8.)

TAIJXHJ a.r' .UU!.U
15?
Jani thtn into our the: lCrtnJ wrrc: c:ulc:d,
the g}l-robs were (i.vcn up, a. person wll sect to Sl.hwtn to
secure the surrenCicr or the and Jani Beg himself set
out for Tbaua. Tho Kh:ani tt:tyed i11 tbe village
or S;ann duri.,g tJu: but in the winter be do.
Jlltrtcd for Tbatta.
Wben we approached Fathbagh Jant nc:g came
lorward to meet w. and th!!re an iratervu:w and
fdendly incercourr.e be:lwtcat the two tbieb. l...caving
Jani neg at chi..t pltu::e the Khan.i Kbanan pro_c:ccded to
'Tb:..wt, illld tlaere be diauibuu:d among hJJ officxn nd
wldic:n all We elfetts (b414l) be had whh him. He next.
wenl to La.horil.tldar, whc:n gaud upon l11e .stlt (dary(l.d.
thor). When he (ri)UI thia pl!.lce be left baulat
.Kllan tiUd Khwlljlll Mukim in dta-rgt. A mllndate ha.d
arrhed direaing him to bri.n. jani D.eg_ > Courc..--in co"'
Aequence ol this he na.rted oiT> taidng Janl Dt.g with him
.and hastened hy (Ot't.'Cd J'Q;u't;bes h) ll1e lmJ''trl1 .
. .Evtry .kindne3f ru1d coruidaa:ion wns upon jaoi
.Bq through the friendly nau:mc:,nu Q{ the Khana.n.
The country or Thaua wa.& gndow.ly reuort:d to him, and
.he reccived into lhe ro}al will). ' a m11n.rob o
.5000. St.iiJ turtltrr (u,our Wa'J shown him. and Khuari
.KJum was named 10 b<: hi$ soninlaw.
When Hb M.ajt:sty out lot the De.khln, intent
.upon the of Ahmadn.1rr ;md the f<)rt of Kaim,
-on the: 25th Ral ' ab Mina jaoi Beg died of brain (ever, and
.upon the solic t:uion ot "Nawwab Alf1ni, the 0Untry of
'Thau.a was gr.inte:d co Mirza Ghazi Dee. son ol the deaased
1-firtll.
..
.. .
..
l
...
. l
PUBUCATIONS OF DISTINCTION
..
Hiatof.y of India, 31 Vols ..
. of- India .
..... . .
H'ymnt of the Rig Veda .
c . I .
11iiloaopb}t .
of Patanjali .
India'!! 4 Vola .
Mediaeval India, 2 Vola.
Yoga Explained -.;:.
Eiiiot and Oowaon
. Max,
. ,.. 'Mrs . . M*nlpg
. : Mullet
. ' Ballantyne and
. ;;
. . .,.
,.: . .
Buddhiat India : .,. j .;;t;
Yeats-Brown
Rbya Davida
Dhammapada' ... : .
Life in . .
.. . ,\ . .: ....
Rammohaa t!i Ra.inaliriab'na
,II .jii. , ,
Hbiclniai'Q. , . . . .
' . ,"i,\, ' .. ' "';, .._
teadmr deaa .of Hinduiam
& Maikiw of India .
J.ile of Baddba
. i
Oaaeea of India :
Studiea im Buddhism
Ancient india . .'
Thsang i]\ lmdia
Seal
. Adolf Kaegi
. Max MuU; r
'M'cinier \Yilliama
. ijaigh,
Jaeolliot' .ad
(
. . Alabuter
.'.
Rliiial Oe.vi
. ., . Max
Cowell, Elpbinltone othe;a,
. . .
. , ' india: Vedic ani! Post-Vedic
-'. :
.; Re11,ou
, ..
of Ancient India .
Writing of Hinduiam
! ' 1


of tlle Hindua . . .
: . ' '
.
Willon & Ora.
' Raajit Singh . . . . . . . Oalior.n:e
, .' ' I : . . . ' . ..,
Sbivaji and.tlie Rile.'of fhe Mahrattu : ;. Temple.)& o!h:era
'rv. \ .. .. ' )
. . SUSJJ;' GUPTA .(laCiia) LIMI'f.ED, 7i
. ..... / .. , ...
.. h.. .
. .;
CI!NTRA(. AIICHMOLOOICAL I.IlliWI.Y,
i1) Nll\V OBLHI
l go rasnt I