This document provides the procedure for determining the specific gravity of soils through the use of a pycnometer. It involves calibrating the pycnometer, preparing an oven-dried soil sample that passes through a 2mm sieve, weighing the pycnometer filled with water and the soil sample, and performing calculations to determine the specific gravity based on the weights and temperature measurements. The specific gravity is a ratio of the soil and water weights that indicates the density of the soil material.
This document provides the procedure for determining the specific gravity of soils through the use of a pycnometer. It involves calibrating the pycnometer, preparing an oven-dried soil sample that passes through a 2mm sieve, weighing the pycnometer filled with water and the soil sample, and performing calculations to determine the specific gravity based on the weights and temperature measurements. The specific gravity is a ratio of the soil and water weights that indicates the density of the soil material.
Original Description:
standart operasional prosedur penggunaan picnometer untuk pengukuran densitas padatan
This document provides the procedure for determining the specific gravity of soils through the use of a pycnometer. It involves calibrating the pycnometer, preparing an oven-dried soil sample that passes through a 2mm sieve, weighing the pycnometer filled with water and the soil sample, and performing calculations to determine the specific gravity based on the weights and temperature measurements. The specific gravity is a ratio of the soil and water weights that indicates the density of the soil material.
This document provides the procedure for determining the specific gravity of soils through the use of a pycnometer. It involves calibrating the pycnometer, preparing an oven-dried soil sample that passes through a 2mm sieve, weighing the pycnometer filled with water and the soil sample, and performing calculations to determine the specific gravity based on the weights and temperature measurements. The specific gravity is a ratio of the soil and water weights that indicates the density of the soil material.
The document describes a test procedure for determining the specific gravity of soils using a pycnometer. It involves weighing a soil sample before and after adding it to a pycnometer filled with water to calculate the specific gravity ratio.
The test procedure involves oven drying the soil sample, weighing it, placing it in a pre-calibrated pycnometer, boiling it to remove air, cooling and filling the pycnometer with water, then weighing the final contents to calculate the specific gravity.
The key equipment required are a pycnometer, stopper, balance with 0.001g sensitivity, oven capable of 110C, and a thermometer. A pycnometer is a glass bottle used to hold the soil sample and water during weighing.
STP 205-12
Standard Test Section: SOILS
Procedures Manual Subject: SPECIFIC GRAVITY Date: 1993 11 30 Page 1 of 4 1. SCOPE 1.1. Description of Test This method covers determination of the specific gravity of soils by means of a pycnometer. The specific gravity test is made on that portion of soil which passes the No. 2.00 mm sieve. 1.2. Units of Measure The definition of specific gravity is the ratio of the weight in air of a given volume of a material at a stated temperature to the weight in air of an equal volume of distilled water at a stated temperature. 2. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS 2.1. Equipment Required Pcynometer - glass bottle of 50 ml capacity with a fitted glass stopper. Stopper - glass with small hole through centre to permit emission of air and water. Balance - 0.001 g sensitivity. Oven - capable of 110 o C. Thermometer - 25 o C. Standard Test Procedures Manual STP 205-12 Section: Subject: SOILS SPECIFIC GRAVITY Page: 2 of 4 Date: 1993 11 30 3. PROCEDURE 3.1. Test Procedure 3.1.1. Calibration of Pcynometer Clean, dry, weigh pcynometer. Fill pcynometer. Fill pycnometer with distilled water. Weigh pycnometer and water carefully to 3 decimals, = W a . Determine temperature of water to nearest degree = T i . From the weight W a determined at temperature T i prepare a table of value of weights W a for a series of temperatures that are likely to prevail for later testing. Calculate each value of W a as follows: W a (@T x ) = (dens. water @ T x /dens. water @ T i ) x (W a @ T i ) - W f ) + W f Where: W a = weight of pycnometer and water, g W f = weight of pycnometer, g T i = observed temperature of water, o C T x = any other desired temperature, o C Obtain densities of water from Table 205-12. Repeat the calculation using a range of value of T x and prepare a table showing W a vs. temperature. 3.1.2. Specific Gravity Oven dry sample to constant weight at 110 o C. Crush sample to pass 2.00 mm sieve. Standard Test Procedures Manual STP 205-12 Section: Subject: SOILS SPECIFIC GRAVITY Date: 1993 11 30 Page: 3 of 4 Weigh out about 10 g crushed soil, and weigh to 0.001 g = W o . Place in pcynometer, taking care not to lose any soil. Fill pycnometer half full with distilled water. Let sit overnight. Remove entrapped air by boiling gently for 10 minutes occasionally rolling pycnometer to assist in removal of air. Cool pycnometer and contents to room temperature. Fill pycnometer with distilled water, then stopper. Clean and dry outside of pycnometer. Weigh pycnometer and contents accurate to 0.001 g. 4. RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS 4.1. Calculations Obtain temperature of contents = T x Calculate the specific gravity of the soil, based on water at a temperature T x as follows: Specific gravity, T x /T x = W o /[W o + (W a - W b )] Where: W o = weight of sample of over-dry soil, g W a = weight of pycnometer filled with water at temperature T x g (from table previously prepared under calibration). W b = weight of pycnometer filled with water and soil at temperature T x g. T x = temperature of contents of pycnometer when weight W b was determined, o C. Standard Test Procedures Manual STP 205-12 Section: Subject: SOILS SPECIFIC GRAVITY Page: 4 of 4 Date: 1993 11 30 Unless otherwise required, report specific gravity values at 20 o C. The value based on water at 20 o C is calculated from the value based on water at the observed temperature T x as follows: Specific Gravity T x /20 o C = Kx Specific Gravity, T x /T x Where: K = correction factor from Table 205-12 TABLE 205-12 Temperature Relative Density Correction Degrees C of Water Factor K 18 0.9986 1.0004 19 0.9984 1.0002 20 0.9982 1.0000 21 0.9980 0.9998 22 0.9978 0.9996 23 0.9975 0.9993 24 0.9973 0.9991 25 0.9970 0.9989 26 0.9968 0.9986 27 0.9965 0.9983 28 0.9963 0.9980 29 0.9960 0.9977 30 0.9957 0.9974 5. ADDED INFORMATION 5.1. References ASTM D854 5.2. General Since small amounts of soil are used in the test, extreme care must be taken with weighing, transferring of soil to flask and boiling so as not to lose any sample. Standard Test Procedures Manual STP 205-12 Section: Subject: SOILS SPECIFIC GRAVITY Date: 1993 11 30 Page: 5 of 4 APPROVAL SHEET New Revision X Date of Previous Document 82-04-01 Effective Date: - - Description of Revision (Reason for Revision): Format of test procedure updated.
Review/Implementation Process: Reviewed by the Materials Section of the Technical Standards and Policies Branch. Other Manuals/Policies Affected: Nil Follow Up/Training Required: Nil Comments/Concerns/Implications (Budget/Environment/Stakeholders): Prepared and Recommended by D. MacLeod 93-11-30 Materials Standards Engineer Date Approval Recommended by R.A. Widger - - Senior Materials Engineer Date Approval Recommended by A.R. Gerbrandt - - Dir., Technical Standards & Policies Br. Date Approved by D.G. Metz - - Assistant Deputy Minister, Infrastructure Date Electronic File Updated - - Update Mailed - -