Class 7 Citation
Class 7 Citation
Class 7 Citation
What is Citation?
Citation is the process of telling the readers of your report that certain
materials of your report came from another source
Citation gives enough information to the reader to find the source again
1
The Rationale for Citation
Ideas or knowledge develops first in fundamental research
2
What if I don’t Cite?
PLAGIARISM
3
Considering Citation
Consider the following lines which has been taken from an article:
“Colors have been used successfully for marketing purpose the world over. Coca-Cola owns
a huge part of its success to it’s visual identity. A flash of red and a curved white line is
enough to get people thinking about their favorite cold drink”
Citation Styles
Two broad styles of citation styles are available:
4
Example in Both the Style
Numeric Citation Style:
Consider the Following:
It has been argued that colors have been used successfully for marketing purpose the world
over. For example, a red and a curved white line is enough identify coca-cola. [1]
Bibliography:
1. Kumar, R.V. and R. Joshi, Color Color Everywhere: In Marketing Too. SCMS Journal of
Management, 2006. III(IV) pp. 40-46.
Bibliography:
Kumar, R. V., & Joshi, R. (2006). Color Color Everywhere: In Marketing Too. SCMS Journal of
Management, III(IV) pp. 40-46.
Reference:
The exact details of the work used, which will help others to locate the original
work again
Each Reference has a 1:1 correspondence with each and every citation
used in the text
Bibliography:
The collection of all the “references” used in the text
Confusingly, the term “Reference” is also applied to Bibliography
5
APA Style of Citation
6
Citing Journals & Articles
Two Authors:
Citation : (Kumar & Joshi, 2006)
Reference :
Kumar, R. V., & Joshi, R. (2006). Color Color Everywhere: In Marketing Too. SCMS
Journal of Management, III(IV) pp. 40-46
Reference Skeleton:
Last Name, Initials & Last Name, Initials, (Year of Publication), Title of the Article,
Journal in Which Published, Vol. No (Issue No.), Page Nos.
Three to Five Author:
First Citation: (Miller, Emanuel, Rosenstein, & Straus, 2004)
Next Citation (Miller et. al. 2004)
Reference :
Miller, F. G., Emanuel, E. J., Rosenstein, D. L., & Straus, S. E. (2004). Ethical
issues concerning research in complementary and alternative medicine,
Journal of American Medical Association, 291, 599-604
Reference Skeleton:
Last Name, Initials [For all the Authors] (Year of Publication), Title of the Article,
Journal in Which Published, Vol. No, Page No
Trivia
pp. : pages
et al. : “et alia” (and other people)
If the Journal is well established journal, the Acronym of the Journal Name
can be written in the reference. For example JAMA instead of Journal of
American Medical Association
7
Citing Unusual Sources
Magazines:
Citation : (Wilson, 1998)
Reference :
Wilson, E.O. (1998, March), Back From Chaos, Atalantic Monthly, 281, 41-62
Reference Skeleton:
Last Name, Initials, (Year of Publication, Issue of Publication), Title of the Article,
Magazine Name, Vol. No (Issue No.), Page Nos.
Computer Software:
Citation : (Kumar, 2007)
Reference :
Kumar, A., (2007), Zimzim Statistical Software (Version 2.00) [Computer Software],
Available From www.anulika.com
Reference Skeleton:
Last Name, Initials, (Year of Release), Title of the Software, (Version), [Computer
Software], Available from Website URL
8
Some Common Abbreviations
Abbreviation Full Meaning
chap. Chapter
No. Number
Pt. Part
Trans. Translator
ed. Edition
Rev. ed. Revised Edition
Suppl. Supplement
Vol. Volume
Eds. Editors
para. Paragraph
Tech. Rep. Technical Report
p. Single Page
pp. Page Range