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    Shaft Vibration Measurement

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    rmsr_7576
    This document discusses various types of vibration and machine condition monitoring measurements that can be taken using proximity probes and other sensors, including shaft vibration, thrust position, seismic vibration, rotation speed, over speed, reverse rotation, zero speed, phase reference, differential expansion, case expansion, eccentricity, valve position, temperature, flow rate, and pressure. Measurement of these parameters provides critical health and performance insights for power generation machines.

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    Shaft Vibration Measurement

    Uploaded by

    rmsr_7576
    180 views8 pages
    This document discusses various types of vibration and machine condition monitoring measurements that can be taken using proximity probes and other sensors, including shaft vibration, thrust position, seismic vibration, rotation speed, over speed, reverse rotation, zero speed, phase reference, differential expansion, case expansion, eccentricity, valve position, temperature, flow rate, and pressure. Measurement of these parameters provides critical health and performance insights for power generation machines.

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    Shaft Vibration Measurement X-Y

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    This document discusses various types of vibration and machine condition monitoring measurements that can be taken using proximity probes and other sensors, including shaft vibration, thrust position, seismic vibration, rotation speed, over speed, reverse rotation, zero speed, phase reference, differential expansion, case expansion, eccentricity, valve position, temperature, flow rate, and pressure. Measurement of these parameters provides critical health and performance insights for power generation machines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    180 views8 pages

    Shaft Vibration Measurement

    Uploaded by

    rmsr_7576
    This document discusses various types of vibration and machine condition monitoring measurements that can be taken using proximity probes and other sensors, including shaft vibration, thrust position, seismic vibration, rotation speed, over speed, reverse rotation, zero speed, phase reference, differential expansion, case expansion, eccentricity, valve position, temperature, flow rate, and pressure. Measurement of these parameters provides critical health and performance insights for power generation machines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    ProvibTechsApplicationNote_PowerGeneration

    www.provibtech.com
    25/34
    Measurement Illustration
    ShaftX,YVibration(RadialVibration)
    ShaftX,YVibrationisforshaftdynamicmotion
    whichisgenerallymeasuredinadirection
    perpendiculartotheshaftaxis,itisalsocalled
    radialvibrationorlateralvibration.Itisindicated
    byPKPKwithunitmorMil.5mmor8mm
    proximityprobesareoftenusedtoobserveShaftX,
    YVibration.ProvibTechsproximityprobe
    TM0105(5mm)andTM0180(8mm)willsupply
    completesolution.

    PleaserefertotheFigure1.1andFigure1.2.Theyareshowingthetypicalwayforprobeinstallation
    forRadialVibration.

    ApartfromtheinstallationwayofFigure1.1and
    Figure1.2,theresanotherinstallationway,please
    refertoFigure1.3.ProbeXishorizontallyinstalled
    andProbeYisverticallyinstalled.

    Sometimes,proximityprobeswillbemounted
    insidethemachinebyprobeclamp,andsometimesprobeswillbemountedwithhelpofprobe
    holder.ProvibTechsTM0393Xsupplyaverycost
    effectivesolutionformountingtheproximityprobes
    forthesemachineswhateverfornormalpressureor
    highpressurepurpose.Customercanreplacethe
    probewithoutopeningthemachinecasewhichtakes
    greatconvenienceandsavelotsoftimeand
    maintenancecost.Adjustablepenetrationdepth
    +/13mm(0.512)makestheinstallationveryflexible.
    PleaserefertoFigure1.4andFigure1.5for
    installationreference.

    ProvibTechsApplicationNote_PowerGeneration
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    ThrustPosition(AxialPosition)
    ThrustPositionistomeasurethemovementofshaftin
    theaxialdirectionwithrespecttosomefixedreference.
    Typically,thereferenceisthethrustbearingsupport
    structureorothercasingmembertowhichthe
    displacementprobeismounted.Theprobeisgenerally
    toobservethethrustcollardirectlyoraxialshaftsurface.
    ThrustPositionisalsocalledAxialPosition,anditis
    indicatedbyaveragewithunitmorMil.5mmor8mm
    proximityprobes
    areoftenusedto
    observeThrustPosition.ProvibTechsproximityprobe
    TM0110(11mm)andTM0180(8mm)willsupplycomplete
    solution.

    DueThrustPositionisveryimportantforsomeessential
    machines,itisstronglyrecommendedtousedualproximity
    probestomonitorThrustPositionastheredundancywill
    increasethereliabilityofthemonitoring.
    PleaserefertoFigure2.1andFigure2.2.

    SeismicVibration(CasingVibration)
    SeismicVibrationmeasurestheabsolutevibrationofmachinecaseorstructure.Thismeasurement
    doesntrequireotherobjectspositionormovementasareference.Accelerometersandvelocity
    sensorsareoftenusedforSeimicVibration.ItisalsocalledCasingVibration.Itwillbeindicatedby
    PKorPKPKorRMS.
    Theinstallationdirectioncouldbehorizontalorvertical.PleaserefertoFigure3.1.

    ProvibTechsApplicationNote_PowerGeneration
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    RotationSpeed
    Rotorspeedisimportantmeasurementsduringnormalmachineoperatingconditionsaswellas
    duringstartupandcoastdown.Suddenunexpectedchangesinrotorspeedmaybeanindicationof
    machineryorprocessmalfunction.

    OverSpeed
    OverSpeedprotectionsystemismandatoryforcriticalmachinesespeciallylikesteamturbines.Due
    therotationspeedforthesteamturbineisthemostimportantfactor,sogenerallyweusetwo
    proximityprobesorthreeproximityprobestocomposeasystem.Itcouldbe2outof 2or2outof
    3.

    ProvibTechsApplicationNote_PowerGeneration
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    ReverseRotation
    Forboilerfeedpumporsomemachines,ReverseRotationmonitoringisnecessaryasthereverse
    flowwillcausethetotalmachineshutdownfinallystopwatersupplying.TypicallyReverseRotation
    requirestwoproximityprobestomountonthegearorshaftwithanotch.Pleaserefertobelow
    Figure6.1fordetails.

    ZeroSpeed
    Whenthesteamturbineormachineisunderturningstate,therotationspeedshouldnotbevery
    slow.Ifitrotatesslowerthanitshouldbe,thenitwilltrip.ZeroSpeedissimilarlikespeed
    monitoring,butSpeedmonitoringistotripwhenitrotatetoofastthanitshouldbe,andZeroSpeed
    monitoringistotripwhenitrotatetooslowthanitshouldbe.

    ProvibTechsApplicationNote_PowerGeneration
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    PhaseReference
    PhaseReferenceisatransducerthatproducesavoltagepulseforeachturnoftheshaft.Thissignal
    isusedprimarilytomeasureshaftrotativespeedandservesasareferenceformeasuringvibration
    phaselagangle.Typicallyproximityprobe,magneticpickup,opticalpickupareusedformeasuring
    PhaseReference.
    PleaserefertobelowFigure7.1fordetails.

    DifferentialExpansion
    DifferentialExpansionistomeasuretheaxialpositionoftherotorwithrespecttothemachine
    casingatsomedistancefromthethrustbearing.DifferentialExpansionisusuallymeasuredwhen
    machinestartupandshutdownasthemachinehasabigthermalexpansionduringthatperiod.

    Themeasurementistypicallymadewithaproximityprobetransducermountedtothemachine
    casingandobservinganaxialoftherotor.

    Theproximityprobecouldbemountedbytwoways.Oneisbynormalshaftdirection,pleaserefer
    tobelowFigure9.1.

    ProvibTechsApplicationNote_PowerGeneration
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    Anotherwayismountedbyrampshaftdirection.PleaserefertobelowFigure9.2.

    CaseExpansion
    CaseExpansionistomeasureaxialpositionofthemachinecaserelativetoafixedreference,usually
    thefoundation.Changesincasingaxialpositionaretheresultofthermalexpansionandcontraction
    ofthecasingduringstartupandshutdown.ItisgenerallymeasuredbyLVDT(LinearVariable
    DifferentialTransformer).
    PleaserefertobelowFigure10.1forCaseExpansion.

    ProvibTechsApplicationNote_PowerGeneration
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    Eccentricity
    Eccentricityisveryimportantformonitoringturbinerotorbow.PT2060/10PROXproximitymodule
    canprovidesophisticatedonlineeccentricitymonitoring.Themonitorissuitableforvirtuallyall
    typesofrotatingmachineryintermsofeccentricity.ThePT2060/10PROXproximitymodulewillbe
    continuouslymeasureandmonitoringinuptotwochannelspermodule.

    Eccentricitymeasurementsindicatethedeviationoftherotorphysicalcenterandthetheoretical
    center.Thedifferencehastobesmallenoughtoallowmachinestartupwithoutcausingdamage.
    ThePT2060/10PROXproximitymoduleprovidespeaktopeakeccentricitymeasurement,which
    measurethedifferencebetweenthepositiveandthenegativeextremesoftherotorbow.Italsohas
    onemorechannelthatoutputthepositionoftherotor.

    Operatorsuseeccentricitymeasurementstodeterminewhenacombinationofslowrollandheating
    havereducedtherotoreccentricitytothepoint
    wheretheturbinecansafelybebroughtupto
    speedwithoutdamagefromexcessivevibrationor
    rotortostatorcontact.
    EccentricityisthemeasurementofRotorBowat
    rotorslowrollwhichmaybecausedbyanyora
    combinationof
    Fixedmechanicalbow
    Temporarythermalbow
    Gravitybow

    ProvibTechsApplicationNote_PowerGeneration
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    ValvePosition
    ValvePositionistomeasurethepositionoftheprocessinlet
    valvesonamachine,usuallyexpressedasapercentageof
    thevalveopening;zeropercentisfullyclosed,100percentis
    fullyopen.

    PleaseseebelowFigure12.1forValvePosition.

    Temperature
    Temperaturemonitoringisalsoanimportantparameterto
    monitorthemachinehealthstatus.Whensomethingwrong
    insidethemachine,itwillcausemorefrictionwhichwillcausetemperaturegettinghigher.Typically
    welluseRTD/TCsensortoacquiretheprocesssignalandtransfertotransmitters/monitors,finally
    transfertoconditionmonitoringsystem.
    FlowRate,Pressureandotherprocessvariables
    Alltheseparametersareliketemperatureastheyareprocessvariables,andthesearetocontrol
    somethingorfeedbackthehealthstatusofthemachine.Typicallywellusedifferentkindsof
    sensorstogettheprocesssignalsandfinallytransfertoconditionmonitoringsystem.

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