The document summarizes the philosophies and theories of several prominent nursing theorists:
- Jean Watson developed the Theory of Human Caring and emphasized the importance of the nurse-patient relationship. Madeleine Leininger founded Transcultural Nursing and focused on providing culturally congruent care. Dorothea Orem created the Self-Care Deficit Theory which examines a person's ability to care for themselves.
- Martha Rogers developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings which views humans as integral with the environment. Imogene King created the Interacting Systems Framework and Goal Attainment Theory centered on the nurse-patient interaction. Hildegard Peplau developed theories around the nurse-patient relationship and emphasized communication.
The document summarizes the philosophies and theories of several prominent nursing theorists:
- Jean Watson developed the Theory of Human Caring and emphasized the importance of the nurse-patient relationship. Madeleine Leininger founded Transcultural Nursing and focused on providing culturally congruent care. Dorothea Orem created the Self-Care Deficit Theory which examines a person's ability to care for themselves.
- Martha Rogers developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings which views humans as integral with the environment. Imogene King created the Interacting Systems Framework and Goal Attainment Theory centered on the nurse-patient interaction. Hildegard Peplau developed theories around the nurse-patient relationship and emphasized communication.
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The document summarizes the philosophies and theories of several prominent nursing theorists:
- Jean Watson developed the Theory of Human Caring and emphasized the importance of the nurse-patient relationship. Madeleine Leininger founded Transcultural Nursing and focused on providing culturally congruent care. Dorothea Orem created the Self-Care Deficit Theory which examines a person's ability to care for themselves.
- Martha Rogers developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings which views humans as integral with the environment. Imogene King created the Interacting Systems Framework and Goal Attainment Theory centered on the nurse-patient interaction. Hildegard Peplau developed theories around the nurse-patient relationship and emphasized communication.
The document summarizes the philosophies and theories of several prominent nursing theorists:
- Jean Watson developed the Theory of Human Caring and emphasized the importance of the nurse-patient relationship. Madeleine Leininger founded Transcultural Nursing and focused on providing culturally congruent care. Dorothea Orem created the Self-Care Deficit Theory which examines a person's ability to care for themselves.
- Martha Rogers developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings which views humans as integral with the environment. Imogene King created the Interacting Systems Framework and Goal Attainment Theory centered on the nurse-patient interaction. Hildegard Peplau developed theories around the nurse-patient relationship and emphasized communication.
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Jean Watson
PHILOSOPHY & SCIENCE OF CARING
METAPARADIGM Person human body has needs to be valued Environment conducive to holistic healing Health view: a holistic approach; able to fully function Nursing contact and bond between 2 individuals = foundation of Nursing (thoughtful interactions) Sw Virginia, Lewis Gale School of Nursing (1961) Pas president of (NLN) National League of Nursing Husbands death Caritas Process = Latin to cherish, give special attention Caring Theory (1979) Images of Nurses - Underpaid - Females - Sex symbols Good nurses is not just her skill but how well she interacts with the client and family while providing care
Madeleine Leininger TRANSCULTURAL THEORY OF NURSING METAPARADIGM Person capable of being concerned about others Environment concepts of world view, social norms/structures, environmental context. Health state of well-being; reflects ability of individual to perform their daily task/roles Nursing learned humanistic art and science on personal behaviors and July 13, 1925, Sutton Nebraska Death: August 12, 2012 (87) 1 st prof. nurse to earn a doctorate = Anthropology Transcultural Nursing: a learned branch of nursing; focuses on comparative study and analysis of cultures. Goals: congruent care for cultural values, beliefs and practice. Diversity: perceive, know care in different ways Universality: commodities of care Sunrise Model (4 Levels): illustrate the major components of Leneingers theory functions. Use 3 Modes of action Culture: beliefs, values Care: improve a persons condition Culture care: values and beliefs that enable other person/individual to maintain/improve well-being - Diverse care: different patterns of care for specific culture - Universal care: commodities of similarities in meaning of care between different cultures. World view: the outlook of a person/group based on a view of the world/universe Social culture: organizational factors of a part. Culture and how these give meaning and order to the culture Environmental context: any event, situation or experience that give meaning to human expressions Folk Health or well-being systems: refers to care practices that have a special meaning in the culture. 3 Modes of Nursing Action to deliver care: - CC peservation/maintenance - CC accommodation/negotiation - CC restructuring/repatterning
Dorothea Orem SELF CARE DEFICIT THEORY METAPARADIGM Person individual with physical and emotional requirements Environment clients surroundings Health structural and functional and soundness and wholeness of individual Nursing acts of specially trained and able individual 1914 Baltimore Maryland June 22, 2007 (92) Self-care deficit theory: each person possesses the ability and responsibility to care for themselves and dependents Self-care: the ability to perform activities and meet personal need which the goal of maintaining health and wellness of mind, body and spirit. 3 COMPONENTS: 1. Universal self-care needs: important/essential to health and vitality (air, water, food, elimination, activity and rest, solitude and social interactions, prevention of harm and promotion of normality. 2. Developmental Self-care need teaching (interventions and teachings designated to return a person to or sustain a level of optimal health and well-being 3. Health Deviation self-care encompasses the variations in self-care which may occur as a result of disability, illness or injury. Self-care deficit when a person experiences the inability to do self-care due to limitations Nursing Systems the ability of the nurse to aid the person in meeting current and potential self-care demands. Focused on person. Support modalities: - Total compensatory support - Partial compensatory support (nurse-client share self-care requirements) - Educative/supportive compensatory support(nurse as teacher/resource person)
Martha Rogers SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEINGS METAPARADIGM Person an open system; irreducible, indivisible. Environment the field coexist and are integral; infinite; identified by wave patterns Health passive health; wellness and absence of disease; defined by the culture or individual manifestaions of patterns Nursing learned profession; science and art; empirical science Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing (1936) CONCEPTIAL MODEL Humans are view = integral with the universe Unitary human being + environment = 1 (inseperable, open, integral) 4 BASIC CONCEPTS: 1. Energy Field fundamental unit of living and non- living; dynamic nature 2. Openness transcend time and space; no one can hinder the energy 3. Pattern characters of an EF perceived as a single veniie; change continuously 4. Pandimensionality man and environment not bound by time or space; four dimensionality; infinite domain without limit. Unitary: being a whole which cannot be broken into parts/irreducible Nursing takes place along a space-time continuum
Imogene M. King INTERACTING SYSTEM FRAMEWORK AND GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY METAPARADIGM Person who makes choices Environment process of balance Health ability of a person to adjust to the stressor Nursing an act wherein the nurse interacts and communicates with the client, health promotion West Point Iowa St. Petersburg, Floride American St. Johns Hospital of Nursing St. Louis, Missouri living legend by American Academy of Nursing (2005) Goal Attainment Theory: bring person closer to a healthy state 3 HEALTH NEEDS: 1. Needs for Information 2. Care of Illness prevention 3. Total Care when Incapacitated NURSE AND PERSON INTERACT TOWARD A GOAL 1. Action 2. Reaction 3. Interaction 4. Open system INTERACTING SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK: emphasize interaction between nurses 1. Personal system 2. Interpersonal system 3. Social system
Hildegard Peplau INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS METAPARADIGM Person man/organism that lives in an unstable balance of a given problem Environment forces outside the organism Health symbolizes movement of the personality and other ongoing human processes that dissect the person towards creative, productive and community living. Nursing Psychodynamic nursing Reading Pennsylvania September 1, 1909 WWII: member of Army Nurse Corps 4 PHASES OF RELATIONSHIPS: 1. Orientation- person and nurse mutually identifies the problem 2. Identification- person accepts help 3. Exploitation- person makes us of the nurses help 4. Resolution- person accepts new goals and frees self from the relationship 6 NURSING ROLES OF THE NURSE: 1. Counselling role 2. Leadership role 3. Surrogate role 4. Stranger 5. Resource person 6. Teaching role
Ida Jean Orlando NURSING PRACTICE THEORY METAPARADIGM Person vulnerable = affected by factors Environment any aspect that can cause patient to become distressed Health freedom from mental/physical discomfort and feelings of inadequacy Nursing distinct profession that functions autonomously (independently) = meet patients needs Nursing process theory: a systematic rational method of panning and providing individualized nursing care. HOLISTIC: all aspect 1. Physical 2. Psychosocial 3. Spiritual 4. Emotional 5. Developmental 5 COMPONENTS OF NURSING PROCESS A. Assessment (data) : head-to-toe; listening to patients comments, questions; observe reactions and interactions with others; B. Diagnosis C. Planning (goals) : establishment of client goals/outcomes; improve quality of life D. Implementation (actions) : carry out the plan of care; change plan; documents care; E. Evaluation (met): measure extent to which client goals have been met; success of goal and interventions.
Joyce Travelbee INTERPERSONAL ASPECTS OF NURSING THEORY METAPARADIGM Person unique, irreplaceable, CHANGING HUMAN BEING Environment condition and experiences Health measured by subject and objective health Nursing interpersonal process; interaction to find meaning in these experiences
CHARACTERISTICS: 1. Systematic ordered sequence/organized 2. Dynamic active 3. Interpersonal client-centered than task-centered to work to enhance clients strength and meet human needs 4. Goal-directed 5. Universally applicable Psychiatric nursing instructor Communication: vehicle through which nurse-patient relationships are established