An Intelligent Architecture For Industrial Automation Using RTOS Technology
An Intelligent Architecture For Industrial Automation Using RTOS Technology
An Intelligent Architecture For Industrial Automation Using RTOS Technology
ABSTRACT
This paper is an RTOS based architecture designed for the purpose of data transmission between two controlling units through
IWSN without collision. RTOS is a Process which will be done between hardware and application. Here, stack is the one which
is used to avoid the independency of the layers from one with another inside the protocol comes under the standard
IEEE802.15.4.Stack having two techniques (PAL and NILI) we are using in the IEEE 802.15.4 to reduce the collision and
timing. Mostly, during the packets transmission some collision may occur. This collision has to be avoided to prevent the data
loss during the transmission. The project deals with the data transmission between two units in the exact time without any
collision. The data transmission time is increased with the protocol standard. One of the section runs with RTOS and LPC2148
as master node and another as normal data acquisition node to which sensors are connected. Data acquisition node uses the
Peripheral Interface controller. Communications between two nodes (hardware and application) are accomplished through
IEEE 802.15.4.
2. EXISTING DESIGN
Several designs have been proposed on wireless sensor networks, Real Time Operating Systems. Briefly I shall look at
some of designs, Illustrate the the uniqueness of the design in relation to previous work. By using different hardware,
software, operating systems and design techniques monitoring and Control has been implemented. Earlier system
although provide real time monitoring and control. Faults at the sensor nodes may take longer to detect since user
monitoring is done on demand and the coordinator may take longer to detect a faulty node. There is no data acquisition
node and no layer Architecture However, the system has proved to be versatile in wireless sensor situations where
power preservation is of prime importance. Amongst the several challenges are the issues of scalability and Timely
processing. Real time processing requires that data be processed quickly since its validity is of limited duration and
look over possibilities of collision.
3. PROPOSED DESIGN
The proposed system comprises a Master node controlled by a micro controller having ARM based processor. The
RTOS is ported into the micro controller and control commands can be input from this node. Different sensors like
temperature, voltage, fire and infrared are placed on data acquisition node, Real time temperature values, voltage levels
at Data acquisition node are wirelessly relayed and also displayed on GLCD at Master node which is works on touch
screen module. The Master node communicates with data acquisition node using Zigbee communication protocol. And
sensors works on their basic principles individually like IR sensor alarms a buzzer when any object is detected
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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
MASTER NODE
Power supply
ARM CORE
GLCD
Touch
G
P
I
O
aaa
R
Priority
Reversal
U
A
R
T
Priority
Inheritance
A
D
C
IEEE
802.15.4
Power supply
Power calculating
sensors
Temperature Sensor
U
A
R
A
D
C
Intruder detection
sensor
IEEE 802.15.4
ARM9
G
P
I
O
Buzzer
Device
LCD DISPLAY
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5. RTOS TECHNOLOGY
RTOS is an operating system which is used to perform a task with in a particular time interval i.e. within the specific
allocated time. It is a real time operating system. A real-time OS that can usually or generally meet a deadline is a soft
real-time OS, but if it can meet a deadline deterministically it is a hard real-time OS. Compared with OS and RTOS,
RTOS only supports the multitasking operations and time scheduling tasks. Real-time OS is the level of its consistency
concerning the amount of time it takes to accept and complete an application's task. If we are implementing any task
without RTOS, it is less accuracy and time delay of the specified time and normally it can possible to perform only one
task at a time. So in normal operations systems perform a task one by one. So we are implementing our project using
real time operating system. The multitasking is a process to perform a more than one application or task at
concurrently, it means possible to perform a so many operations at the same time. in the normal operating systems are
not supported this type of multitasking. so in this project we are implementing RTOS concepts. a The main advantage
of RTOS is multitasking and time scheduling and rescheduling etc. In RTOS due to the internal minimum time delay
of the time scheduling process it will give the output within the specified time. However, due to the lack of uniform
programming model and system components for these different teams, the migrations costs of a function model from
software to hardware are high. But these actions are necessary in the hardware-software partitioning of embedded
systems, especially in the prototype designs. To cope with this problem, we adopt a uniform multi-task model and
implement UCOS II RTOS (Real - Time Operating System).
6. WORKING PRINCIPLE
Support is an ideal system for issues related to timing integrity, the extra traffic caused by the inter layer interaction in
large industries. In the existing prototype, we have noticed that, bulks of messages are transmitted between nodes so
there are chances of message collision in transmission. In the proposed system we avoid this problem by optimizing the
architecture and enhancing the system resources by implementing Real Time Operating System which manages the
shared resources in real time environments, Besides the RTOS this system also provides power efficiency. This system
consist of two nodes one works with PIC and other with ARM7, to measure the sensor values of industrial machines all
of these sensors are connected to PIC where all of the analog values are converted to digital i.e. the temperature, and
pot values. This is done by ADCON0 and ADCON1, with 10 bit resolution in burst conversion, and keeps track of the
analog sensor values continuously. These values represent the conditions of the machine, to monitor these values at the
ARM node we have to transmit these values serially through UART with 9600 baud rate, 8 bit, 1 stop bit, and no parity.
This is the functionality of the node one. To monitor the machine parameters we have to receive the sensor values
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which are transmitted through PIC section, here in order to efficiently establish communication between two nodes
ARM node is also configured with same UART configuration just as PIC, i.e. with 9600 baud rate, 8 bit, 1 stop bit, and
no parity, this is done by configuring U0LCR register initially with DLAB=1, 8bit, 1stop bit, and no parity. After this
configuration we have to load the latch register values as U0DLL = [pclk/(16*baud rate)]%256 and finally disable the
DLAB bit.
7. RELAY CIRCUIT
The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it can be as much as 100mA for
relays designed to operate from lower voltages. Hence a CB amplifier is used to achieve the current rating of the relay.
Transistors and ICs must be protected from the brief high voltage produced when a relay coil is switched off. The
diagram shows how a signal diode (e.g. 1N4148) is connected 'backwards' across the relay coil to provide this
protection. Current flowing through a relay coil creates a magnetic field which collapses suddenly when the current is
switched off. The sudden collapse of the magnetic field induces a brief high voltage across the relay coil which is very
likely to damage transistors and ICs. The protection diode allows the induced voltage to drive a brief current through
the coil (and diode) so the magnetic field dies away quickly rather than instantly. This prevents the induced voltage
becoming high enough to cause damage to transistors and ICs.
8. LCD DISPLAY
8.1 LCD MODULE (2X 16 CHARACTERS).
Matrix liquid crystal {display|LCD|digital display alphanumeric display} modules are employed for display the
parameters and fault condition.16 characters two lines show is employed. Its controller that interface datas and LCD
panel. Liquid displays (LCDs) have materials that mix the properties of each liquids and crystals. instead of having a
freezing point, they need a temperature vary at intervals that the molecules square measure nearly as mobile as they'd
be during a liquid, however square measure classified along in AN ordered kind just like a crystal. AN LCD consists of
2 glass panels, with the liquid material sandwiched in between them. The inner surface of the glass plates square
measure coated with clear electrodes that outline the character, symbols or patterns to be displayed chemical compound
layers square measure gift in between the electrodes and also the liquid molecules to take care of an outlined orientation
angle. One every polarizers square measure affixed outside the 2 glass panels. These polarizers would rotate the
sunshine rays passing through them to an exact angle, during a explicit direction once the LCD is within the off state,
light-weight rays square measure revolved by the 2 polarizes and also the liquid, specified the sunshine rays start up of
the LCD with none orientation, and therefore the LCD seems clear. Once comfortable voltage is applied to the
electrodes, the liquid molecules would be aligned on a selected direction. The sunshine rays passing through the LCD
would be resolved by the polarizes, which might lead to activating/highlighting the required characters.
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Master node. The basic view of this technique is to reduce the possibility of collision and to meet the critical
requirement of timing for data transmission of industrial applications.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
AUTHOR
B.RAHUL SANDEEP received his B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering from
CHIRALA Engineering College, Chirala in 2009 and currently pursuing his M Tech in VLSI & ES in
VRS & YRN College of Engineering and Technology, Chirala and his research interest in the area of
Microcontroller designs, Wireless and sensor network systems and RTOS Technology.
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