Nanofiltration
Nanofiltration
Nanofiltration
Background
Environmental issue on water contamination
Filtration technology
Ionic liquid
Graphene
Thin layer of carbon atoms
Recently investigated as interesting
material for absorption of heavy
metals
Net worried about environmental issues (March 5~8, 2009, Gallup Poll)
Objectives
Experiments
Microstructure
Microstructure by SEM indicating complete coating with IL within the layers of rGO
Elemental analysis indicating the presence of IL
Absorption of heavy metal (Hg)
Microscopic image
Homogenous distribution of Hg indicating absorption of Hg within the layers of
IL filled rGO
TEM image shows IL modified rGO by
fringe shape
Hybrid material
One-pot reduction method for synthesizing nano hybrid of reduced graphene oxide
(rGO) and ionic liquid (IL)
Graphene oxide dispersed in water was dried which subsequently dispersed in ionic
liquid
The mixture was then subjected to ultrasonication for mixing the IL and GO
Consecutively, glycerol was injected and mixed
5
10
50
100
100
cps/eV
cps/eV
4.5
4.5
cps/eV
cps/eV
4.0
4.0
1.8
1.8
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
Fe Si
Si Pt
Fe
1.4
1.4
Fe
Pt
1.2
1.2
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.5
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
100
1
1
22
33
44
5
5
keV
66
77
keV
88
99
Stability of coating
of coated sand
Intensity (counts)
Graphene
sheet 500
Hg
0.0
0.0
5
keV
keV
Efficiency
Due to interference of organic material we use UV-Vis instead of ICPAES
HgO (230 nm, 243 nm) absorption band suggests absorption of HgO in rGO
Hg2+ has almost completely removed
Absorption
1.0
Normalized absorption
HgO
7000
Intensity (Cps)
6000
Hg2Cl2
5000
HgO
4000
Si
3000
200
Fe2O3/
Fe3O4
Before filteration
After filteration w/o Fe
After filteration w/ Fe
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Absorption
1000
-0.2
98
100
102
104
106
108
200
300
400
500
Wavelength (nm)
Future Works
Experiment on column bed reactor with multi heavy metal will be done
Acknowledgement
Pt
0.2
0.2
10
10
8000
100
Increase amount
of stable coating
Fe
Fe
Cl
9000
Hybrid material
Microscopic image
Existence of particle on the graphene sheet is clearly visible
XRD
In hybrid material by wet method with Fe salt, rGO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 is existed, while
hybrid material with reactive method has only rGO and Fe2O3
Coated sand
Stability of coating
500
Test the stability of coating by multiple
Wet method w/o Fe
washing and re-coating cycles
Wet method w/ Fe
400
Reactive method
The darker color with the increasing
rGO
Fe3O4
Fe2O3
washing, re-coating cycle indicated the
300
stable coating
#3
Hg
Pt
0.4
0.4
2000
#2
Fe
XPS analysis
HgCl2 has transformed to Hg+ and HgO
Results
#1
Cl
Pt
N Fe
C O
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
Dicyanamide (BMIM NCN2)
Hg
1.6
1.6
Pt
K
N Fe
C O
0.5
0.5
Sand
Graphene
(Nanochemistry)
Results (continued)
Develop a environmentally friendly, cost effective hybrid nano material that exhibit both
stable and high filtration properties
Synthesize graphene-ionic liquid hybrid materials and coated on sand by two different
method
Characterize coated sand material using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy, batch test, etc.
Coated sand
Coating sand with hybrid material was done by
two methods; wet method and reactive method
Wet method: Mix sand and synthesized hybrid
material, after that separate hybrid material and
sand and wash with distilled water and dry.
Repeat this process 3~5 times to stabilize the
coating
Reactive method: Mix sand, IL, GO and Fe3O4
altogether by stirring and then add glycerol.
Wash sand with distilled water and dry
Ionic liquid
(XAMD)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2 theta (degree)
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant
funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. NRF-2012R1A1A2008196 and NRF2010-0029227)