Is 1868 (1996) Anodic Coatings On Aluminium and Its Alloys
Is 1868 (1996) Anodic Coatings On Aluminium and Its Alloys
Is 1868 (1996) Anodic Coatings On Aluminium and Its Alloys
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
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in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
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education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
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IS 1~868 : 1~996
( Reaffirmed 2006 )
Indian
ANODIC
Standard
COATINGS ON ALUMINIUM
ITS ALLOYS -
AND
SPECIFICATION
(Third Revision)
ICS 2.5.220.30;77.120.10
0 BIS 1996
BUREAU
MANAK
OF
BHAVAN,
INDIAN
9
BAHADUR
NEW DELHI
December
1996
STANDARDS
SHAH
ZAFAR
MARC
I 10002
Price
Group 3
Metallic
and Non-metallic
Finishes
Sectional
Committee.
MTD 20
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Third prevision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Metallic and Non-metallic
Finishes Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical
Engineering
Division Council.
This Standard was first published in 1961 and subsequently
this standard, the committee desired to revise this standard
International
Standards.
In this revision
a)
Scope
following
of the standard
b) The existing
terms.
c)
changes
A new clause
been added.
clause
on terminology
providing
general
on grades
incorporating
definition
of Aluminium
suitable
of additional
for anodizing
fifteen
has
of deciding whether a particular requirements of this standard is complied with, the final
of calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance
Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The number of significant places retained
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 1868 : 1996
Indian Standard
ANODIC COATINGS ON ALUMINWM
ITS ALLOYS - SPECIFICATION
AND
(Third Revision)
coloured oxide coating during the anodizing
itself on specific aluminium
alloys.
1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard lays down general specification for
anodic oxide coatings on aluminium.
It defines the
characteristic properties of anodic oxide coatings on
aluminium,
lists methods of test for checking the
characteristic
properties,
specifies
minimum
performance requirements,
gives information on the
grades of aluminium
suitable for anodizing
and
describes the importance of pretreatment to ensure
the required appearance or texture of the finished
work.
.4.5 Electrolytic
process
Colouring
Anodized
Aluminium
4.7 Protective
Anodizing
2 REFERENCES
4.8 Decorative
3 SUPPLY
Anodizing
OF MATERIAL
4.9 Architectural
4 TERMINOLOGY
Anodizing
4.1
4.10 Sealing
Anodized
Aluminium
Alumiminium
with an anodic coating, produced by
an electrolytic oxidation process in which the surface
of aluminium is converted to a coating, generally an
oxide, having protective,
decorative or functional
properties.
4.2
Ciear Anodized
Aluminium
Colour
Anodized
colourless,
Integral
Colour
translucent
coating
Surface
NOTE-When
necessary the significant surface is to he agreed
upon between the manufacturer
and the purchaser and is to
be indicated on the drawings or by providing smtably marked
sample.
Aluminium
Aluminium
with an anodic oxide
coloured by absorptive dyes.
4.4
4.11 Significant
that is
4.12 Measuring
Anodizing
Area
IS 1868
: 1996
4.13
methods
the coating
is defined
is removed;
b)
c)
d)
For non-destructive
methods - the probe
area or the area included in the reading.
Reference
Local
Minimum
Local
Maximum
Average
0
g)
W
3
k)
Thickness
Local
7.2
thickness
at any
Thickness
Resistance
Light reflection
properties
breakdown
Continuity
Sampling
TEST
(see 14)
(see 16)
potential
PIECES
a>Colour
b)
6 SURFACE
(see 9);
of sealing ~by marking
test
TEXTURE
WITH
and appearance;
Thickness
c> Quality
texture
Tests
Acceptance
tests shall be as agreed between the
anodizer
and the customer.
However
following
acceptance tests can be adopted by the users:
FOR ANODIZING
of surface
Procedure
Acceptance
8.2
7 INFORMATION
TO BE GIVEN
INQUIRY
AND ORDER
deformation
Electrical
to crazing
Fastness
(see 13)
resistance
(see 12)
Thickness
Impregnation
5 GRADES
resistance
should
at any point
(sc~e 11)
and appearance
Corrosion
e) Abrasion
c> Colour
4
Thickness
10)
of single
4 Thickness (see 9)
b) Quality of sealing (see
Area
is
Continuity of anodising
(see IS 5523 : 1983).
coating,
if required
THE
9 THICKNESS
9.1 Anodic oxide coatings
are graded by their
thickness and are denoted by the grade numbers shown
in Table 1. The thickness of anodic coatings shall
not be less than specified in Table 1 for the appropriate
grade.
IS 1868 : 1996
9.2
Measurement
in IS 5523 : 1983.
of Thickness
Thic-kness measurements
shall be carried out by one
or more of the following methods:
a)
b)
Microsection
c)
Eddy
Stripping
method,
method,
current
11 APPEARANCE
and
method
(see IS 6012:1992).
11.2
The colour,
surface
texture,
and their
tolerances,
shall be agreed between the anodizer
and the customer. If required for matching purposes,
the acceptable limits of variation shall be defined
by agreed samples.
The surface of anodized aluminium has the property
of double reflection from the surface of the base
metal. Therefore, when matching colour samples,
they shall be held in the same plane and viewed as
near to normal as is practicable,
the direction of
working being always the same. A diffuse source
of illumination
shall be placed behind the viewer.
OF SEALING
10.1 General
The quality of sealing is of great importance and
sealing is always essential, whether stated or not,
except where an unsealed
coating
is expressly
requested.
10.2
Assessment
of Qutility
of Sealing
;; lxle
1 Minimum
Minimum
AND COLOUR
Thickness of Anodic
(Cluuse 9. I)
Coating
Applicution
Local
Thickness in
Micrometer
(
I1
(3)
(4)
For permanent installations,
20
A(25
deterioration
ofsurface
appearance
are tolerated.evcn
with mmimtnn
maintenance.
AC-15
For outdoor
12
15
architectural
IO
in
used for
Generally
23
parts.
NOTES
1 All grades may be produced in electrolytes based primarily on sulphuric or oxalic acid. With most chromic acid elelctrolytes.
only thinner coatings are obtainable. Barrier layer anodic coatings used in capacitors as dielectrics produced in boric acid electrolytes
are not included in the table.
2
For control
Minimum
purposes,
Average
thickness
thickness
may be determined
by addy current
method
of five measurements
or by breakdown
as specified
voltage
in IS 5523
: I993
test.
IS 1868 : 1996
11.4 The agreed colour samples
a dry place in the dark.
16
shall be stored in
CORROSION
The following
measured:
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
15.1
BY
reflectance
TO LIGHT
General
17 ELECTRICAL
BREAKDOWN
POTENTIAL
15.2
be
may
at 60
at 85
at 45
d) Diffused
RESISTANCE
TO CRAZING
properties
at 45
at 30
at 20
c) Specular reflectance
or low gloss
characteristic
PROPERTIES
16.1 General
-LIGHT REFLECTION
18 CONTINUITY
COATINGS
OF THE
ANODIZE
If required,
the continuity
of the anodic oxide
coating shall be determined by the method specified
in IS 8375 : 1877. This test shall, however,
be
applicable only to coatings of thickness less than 5
micrometer. The requirements
for continuity
shall,
however, be as agreed to between the anodizer and
the customer.
to Light
An accelerated
method of testing the fastness of
coloured anodic oxide coatings to light is specified
in IS 5523 : 1983. When tested, the performance of
colour anodized aluminium in terms of Fastness rating
number shall be:
19 MARKING
The anodized articles shall be marked legibly and
indelibly with grade of the coating and the name or
trade-mark of the manufacturer.
IS 1868 : 1996
ANNEX ,A
(Clause 2)
LIST
IS
INDIAN
Title
No.
1387 : 1993
OF REFERRED
STANDARDS
Sampling
2500
(Part 1) : 1992 Attribute
anodized aluminium
coating by
copper accelerated acetic acid salt
spray (CASS) test (first revision)
by acceptable
for lot-by-lot
revision)
Title
IS No.
3554 : 1966
Glossary
of terms
electroplating
relating
to
5523 : 1983
5528 : 1985
Method
resistance
6012: 1992
665 1: 1972
Anodized
automobile
6910:1985
Method
of testing
corrosion
resistance
of electroplated
and
anodized aluminium
coatings by
acetic acid salt spray (AAS) test
(first revision)
8375: 1977
of testing
corrosion
of electroplated
and
aluminium
use
continuity
for
of
ANNEX
B
(Clause 5)
B-l GENERAL
B-2
ARCHITECTURAL
QUALITY
Aluminium,
in most of its forms can be anodized
(see B-S), but the results differ widely in appearance,
colour,
maximum
possible
coating
thickness,
reflectivity, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance
and electrical breakdown potential. The protective
value of the coating is excellent
on aluminium
produced for general engineering
purposes, but for
uniformity
of appearance
or other special effects
(for example
bright finishes)
special grades of
aluminium have been produced where close control
of chemical composition and metallurgical properties
are combined with special production procedures to
provide
high standards
of surface finish and a
guaranteed
response
to anodizing.
These grades
cannot
readily
be classified
because
different
companies
have developed
their own range of
products to meet the requirements
of a particular
industry or a customer and there is no clear dividing
line between the various categories.
Semi-finished
products of this grade will give a
substantially uniform appearance after anodizing when
viewed from a distance of not less than 3 m.
Some variations in appearance and colour can be
expected after anodizing, between different batches
of the same material and between different forms oJ
the same material. It is sometimes possible to observe
on close inspection, or from certain viewing angles,
variations in brightness, banding, streaking and other
visual defects. These do not affect in any way the
quality of the coating. The extent to which such defects
can he accepted shall be specified by the costomer.
Special alloys have been developed
for use with
integral colour anodizing processes and these may
have to bc specified for particular coloured finishes.
B-3
DECORATIVE
QUALITY
Semi-finished
products
of this catcqory
have a
nppearancc when viewed
particularly homegeneous
from a distance of 0.5 m. The finish may be matt,
bright or semibright according to the material and
anodizing
treatment, but freedom from defects is
assured (see 11).
IS 1868: 1996
IS 1868 : 1996
B-4 BRIGHT
ANODISING
QUALITY
GENERAL
ENGINEERING
QUALITY
protective
appearance,
about
ANNEX
C
(Clause
6)
C-l
The pretreatment
given before anodizing
largely determines the final appearance and texture
of the anodized aluminium surface. Different surface
texture may be obtained by a variety of treatment
processes.
The work may be mechanically
polished to obtain
a smooth
or bright
surface.
Chemical
or
electrochemical
brightening
can
also
be
employed
with special
aluminium
to obtain a
very bright finish.
Usually, the work, either polished or unpolished, is
subjected to a chemical etching procedure to provide
a range of texture from light satin with varying degrees
of gloss to full matt, depending upon the type of
etch used.
Alternatively,
the texture
may be produced
_mechanically using brushes, abrasive belts or wheels
to give matt finishes which are lined or directional
in contrast to the essentially non-directional
etched
finishes.
Mechanical
finishes
have
good
reproducibility
and are less dependent
on metal
structure and composition than chemical pretreatment
finishes. Surface irregularities,
if not too deep, can
also be removed by mechanical
means.
C-2 The desired surface texture shall be agreed
between the anodizer
and the customer
and, if
necessary,
on the basis of agreed samples.
The
provision
of such samples is a useful guide in
production, but it should be recognized that they are
of limited value in assessing surface finish, since
different forms and sizes of matcrinl may respond
to pretreatments
in slightly different ways.
lhreau
of Indian Standards
BlS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau ofIndian Stnndards Act, 2986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amcndmcnts are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
rcvicwcd periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that
no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users
of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by
referring to the latest issue of BIS Handbook and Standards Monthly Additions.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. MTD 20 (4076).
Amendments
Amend No.
Date of Issue
Text Affected
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