Experiment - 1 AIM: To Determine The Reduced Level of An Object When Base Is Instruments Used: Theodolite, Tape, Leveling Staff, Ranging Rod

Experiment -1
AIM: To determine the reduced level of an object when base is

inaccessible by single plane method.
Instruments used: Theodolite, tape, leveling staff, ranging rod.
Procedure:1. Set up the theodolite over station P level it accurately with

respect to altitude bubble.
2. Direct telescope towards top of the object Q.Bisect Q
accurately and clamp both the plates.Read both the verniers C
and D. Determine vertical angle QAQ.
3. Transit the telescope,mark the second station R on the ground in
line so that R,P and Q are in same vertical plane. Measure the
distance b between R and P accurately with tape.
4. Determine the angle QAQ with the other face.
5. Find the mean value of angle QAQ=1.
6. Take the staff reading when instrument is at the position Pand
staff is placed on B.M that is S1.
7. Shift the theodolite to station R and level it accurately, direct the

telescope towards top of object Q. Bisect Q accurately and
clamp both verniers C and D. Find vertical angle QBQ
8. Find the angle QBQ with other face and take the mean value
QBQ= 2 .
9. Take the staff reading when instrument is at the position Rand
staff is placed on B.M that is S2.
10. Reduced level of piont Q is found as R.L of Q = BM+S 1+h1.
Formulae Used:
S= (s1-s2)
D=
h1 =
R.L of Q = B.M +S1+h1
RESULT:- The RL of top of the object(Q) when its base was inaccessible
was found to be -----m.
Experiment -2
AIM: To determine the reduced level of an object when base is
accessible by using single plane method.
Instruments used : Theodolite, tape, leveling staff ,ranging rod.
Diagram:
Procedure:1. Set up the theodolite over station P level it accurately.

2. Direct the telescope towards top Q. Note down the angle on
vertical circle(C and D) and in both faces.
3. Take the average of face left and face right observations to obtain
the average vertical angle .
4. Measure the horizontal distance between the station mark and
base of the object(D).
5. With the vertical circle reading set to zero take the leveling staff
reading (s) on bench mark whose R.L is assumed as 100.00.
6. RL of the top of the object(Q) is determined by using appropriate
formula.
Formula:
h= D tan .
R.L of Q = B.M + h + S
RESULT:-R.L of top of object Q =.
Experiment -3
AIM: To set out simple circular curve using linear method by
perpendicular offsets being laid from long chord.
Instruments used : Chain, tape, arrow, cross-staff
Diagram:
Procedure:1. The chord length is found from formula
. The chord is
produced on field T1 and T2 are tangent points fixed on ground with pegs
or arrows.
2. The midpoint of chord (D) is located and from the ordinates calculated for
the intervals 1m, 2m, 3m etc. They are marked with peg on chord.
3. The marks p1, p2, p3 are marked on field with pegs or arrows.
4. After finishing on left hand side, the same procedure is fallowed on right
hand side.
5. The points P1,P2,P3 etc are points on curve. These are joined by a thread or
rope to show the shape of the curve along the pegs or arrows.
Formulae Used
Length of curve =
Length of chord =
Mid ordinate = OO = R
Other ordinates at x m intervals = Ox =
RESULT :- The required curve is set out in the field.
R - OO)
Experiment -4
AIM: To set out simple circular curve using linear method by offsets
from chords produced.
Instruments used: Chain, tape, arrows, cross-staff, ranging rod.
Diagram:
Procedure:1. Construct the tangent on the field and locate the point T1.i.e point of the
curve on tangent line.
2. Offsets for initial sub chord, normal chord and final sub chord are
calculated.
3. With zero mark at T1, spread chain/tape along the tangent to point A1 on
the tangent line such that T1A1=c=Length of 1st sub chord.
4. With T1 as centre and T1A1 as radius, swing chain/tape such that the arc AA1
is calculated offset 01.Fix the point A on field.
5. Spread the chain along T1A and pull it straight in that direction to point
B2,such that zero of chain is at A and distance AB2=C=Length of the normal
chord.
6. With zero of chain centered at A and AB2 as radius, swing the chain to
point B such that B2B= O2=length of second offset, fix the point B on curve.
7. Spread the chain along AB and repeat the steps 5 and 6 till the end of the
long chord T2 is reached.
Formulae Used
O1 =
O2 =
O3 = O4 = On-1 =
On =
(C+c)
Where c= initial sub chord, C= Normal chord, and c= Final sub chord
RESULT:The required curve is set out in the field.
Experiment -5
AIM: To determine tachceometric constants K and C when line of sight
is horizontal.
Instruments used :Chain, tape, arrows, cross-staff, ranging rod,
theodolite.
Diagram:
S1
D1
S2
D2
Procedure:1. Measure a line about 30m long on fairly level ground and drive
pegs or arrows at intervals say 10m.
2. Keep the staff on the pegs which are at equal intervals and
observe the corresponding staff intercepts with horizontal sight.
3. Knowing the distance between each pegs and staff intercepts at
different points.i.e D and S number of simultaneous equations can
be formed by substituting the values of D and S in the equation

D=ks+c.
4. solutions of successive pairs of Simultaneous equations will give
values of K and C and average of these can be found.
5. If s1 is staff intercept at D1 and S2 is intercept at D2,we have the
formulas as given below.
D1 = KS1 + C ------------------1
D2 = Ks2 + C -----------------2
Solving the above equations, K and C Values are obtained.
RESULT:-Tacheometric constants of the given theodolite are
K = ------ and C = -------
Experiment -6
AIM: To set out the simple curve by Rankines method of deflection
angles(Tangential angles).
Instruments used :Chain, tape, arrows, , ranging rod,theodolite.
Diagram:
Procedure:1. Set the theodolite at the point of the curve ( T 1).with both plates
clamped to zero,direct the theodolite to bisect the point of inter
section(V). The line of sight is thus in the direction of the rear
tangent.
2. Release the vernier plate and set the angle
1 on
the vernier. The
line of sight is thus directed along chord T1 A.

3. With the zero end of the tape pointed at T 1 and a arrow held at a
distance T1 A= c along it, swing the tape around T 1 till the arrow is
bisected by the cross hairs. Thus, the first point A is fixed.
4. Set the second deflection angle 2 on the vernier so that the line
of sight is directed along T1 B.
5. With the zero end of the tape pinned at A, and an arrow held at
distance AB = C along it, swing the tape around A till the arrow is
bisected by the cross hairs , thus fixing the point B.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 till the last point T 2 is reached.
Formulae Used
1=
= 1718.9
2=
1+
3=
1+
n
2
1+
= 1718.9
+
2
+
,
3
3
= 1718.9
= 1718.9
= 1718.9
Where c1 = initial sub chord , c2 to cn-1= normal chord , cn = final sub chord
RESULT :- The required curve is set out in the field

Experiment - 1 AIM: To Determine The Reduced Level of An Object When Base Is Instruments Used: Theodolite, Tape, Leveling Staff, Ranging Rod

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experiment - 1 AIM: To Determine The Reduced Level of An Object When Base Is Instruments Used: Theodolite, Tape, Leveling Staff, Ranging Rod

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experiment - 1 AIM: To Determine The Reduced Level of An Object When Base Is Instruments Used: Theodolite, Tape, Leveling Staff, Ranging Rod

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experiment -1

AIM: To determine the reduced level of an object when base is

Procedure:1. Set up the theodolite over station P level it accurately with

7. Shift the theodolite to station R and level it accurately, direct the

Procedure:1. Set up the theodolite over station P level it accurately.

RESULT:-R.L of top of object Q =.

Procedure:1. The chord length is found from formula

RESULT :- The required curve is set out in the field.

be formed by substituting the values of D and S in the equation

2. Release the vernier plate and set the angle

the vernier. The

line of sight is thus directed along chord T1 A.

RESULT :- The required curve is set out in the field

You might also like