Mnogo Zajebana Stvar

Eurocode 3
Folder : Bolted connections
Bolted angilar connection:
S
SEd
Ed
Ed
Ed
Dimensions of connection:
Plate thickness d =
Bolt spacing e =
Spacing of bolts eo =
Spacing of bolts b =
Spacing of bolts h =
Angle of tension force =
15,00 mm
35,00 mm
30,00 mm
70,00 mm
220,00 mm
45,00
Bolts:
Bolt =
SC =
fu,b =
Hole diameter dl =
Shaft diameter dll =
Cross-section areas As =
SEL("steel/bolt"; BS; )
SEL("steel/bolt"; SC; )
TAB("steel/bolt"; fubk; SC=SC)
TAB("steel/bolt"; d; BS=Bolt)
dl +2
TAB("steel/bolt"; Asp; BS=Bolt)
=
=
=
=
=
=
M 20
8.8
800,00 N/mm
20,00 mm
22,00 mm
2,45 cm
steel =
fy =
fu =
M0 =
Mb =
SEL("steel/EC"; Name; )
TAB("steel/EC"; fy; Name=steel)
TAB("steel/EC"; fu; Name=steel)
=
=
=
Fe 510
355,00 N/mm
510,00 N/mm
Plate:
1,10
1,25
Loads:
SEd =
NEd =
VEd =
COS() * SEd
SIN() * SEd
424,26 kN
= 300,00 kN
= 300,00 kN
Force per bolt:

Ft,Ed =
Fv,Ed =
N Ed
4
V Ed
4
Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering
75,00 kN
75,00 kN
Eurocode 3
Limit tension force of bolts:

f u,b * As
Ft,Rd =
0,9 *
= 141,12 kN
Mb * 10
F t,Ed
F t,Rd
0,53 < 1
Check limit shear force for bolts:

Fv,Rd =
0,6 *
f u,b * * d l
= 120,64 kN
4000 * Mb
F v,Ed
F v,Rd
0,62 < 1
1,00 1
Check combined:
F t,Ed
1,4 * F t,Rd
F v,Ed
F v,Rd
Analysis of bearing strength:

as in 6.5.1.3:
as in 6.5.1.3:
as in 6.5.1.2(1):
as in 6.5.1.2(3):
eo / dll
eo / dll
e / dll
b / dll
MIN(
Tab.6.5.3 Fb1,Rd =
2,5 * * dl * d *
=
=
=
=
3 * d ll 3 * d ll
- 0,25;
2
3
fu,b
fu
F v,Ed
F b,Rd
>
<
>
>
1
1,5
1,2
3
0,53
= 162,18 kN
* Fb1,Rd
= 108,12 kN
eo
Fb,Rd =
; 1)
fu
Mb * 10
6.5.5.(10) Fb2,Rd =
1,36
1,36
1,59
3,18
Fb2,Rd + (Fb1,Rd - Fb2,Rd ) *

=
dl
- 1,2
0,3
0,46 < 1
= 162,18 kN
Eurocode 3
Bolted connection subject to bending
a=
80,00 mm
a1 =
45,00 mm
e=
80,00 mm
e1 =
45,00 mm
e2 =
50,00 mm
e3 =
90,00 mm
d1 =
20,00 mm
d2 =
8,00 mm
b1 =
160,00 mm
h2 =
2 * (e2 + e3 )
Flange-Bolts:
Boltf =
SC1 =
fu,bo =
Hole diameter dlo =
Shaft diameter dl1o =
Number of rows no =
280,00 mm
TAB("steel/bolt"; fubk; SC=SC1)
TAB("steel/bolt"; d; BS=Boltf)
dlo + 2
Steg-Bolts:
BoltS =
SC2 =
fu,bs =
Hole diameter dls =
Shaft diameter dl1s =
Number of rows ns =
Number of columns ms =
TAB("steel/bolt"; d; BS=BoltS)
dls + 2
=
=
=
=
=
M 20
4.6
400,00 N/mm
20,00 mm
22,00 mm
3
=
=
=
=
=
M 16
4.6
400,00 N/mm
16,00 mm
18,00 mm
3
2
Eurocode 3
Profil:
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
Column height h =
Web thickness s =
Flange thickness t =
Cross-sectional area A =
Moment of resistance Wy =
Moment of resistance Wpl =
SEL("steel/Profils"; Name; )
SEL("steel/"Typ; Name; )
TAB("steel/"Typ; h; Name=Profil)
TAB("steel/"Typ; s; Name=Profil)
TAB("steel/"Typ; t; Name=Profil)
TAB("steel/"Typ; A; Name=Profil)
TAB("steel/"Typ; Wy; Name=Profil)
1,14 * Wy
Material and Partial safety factors:

steel =
fy =
fu =
M0 =
1,10
M2 =
1,25
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
IPE
IPE 240
240,00 mm
6,20 mm
9,80 mm
39,10 cm
324,00 cm
369,36 cm
=
=
=
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
360,00 N/mm
78,91 kNm
15,48 cm
Loads:
MEd =
VEd =
157,95 kNm
60,75 kN
Check beam-web strength without holes:

W pl * f y
Mc,Rd =
M0 * 10
MEd
Mc,Rd
Av =
1,04 *
Vpl,Rd =
Av *
2,00 < 1
h*s
100
fy
3 * M0 * 10
VEd
Vpl,Rd
190,93 kN
0,32 < 1
Check beam-web strength with holes:

Az =
0,5 * A
2 * d l1o * t +
Az,net =
Az -
fy M2
*
fu M0
0,9 *
A z,net
ns - 1
2
19,55 cm
14,12 cm
* d l1s * s
100
Az
1,14 1
Eurocode 3
W pl,net =
h -t
W pl - 2 * dl1o * t *
2000
W pl,net * fy
Mc,Rd,C =
M0 * 10
MEd
Mc,Rd,C
Av,net =
fy
Av - ns * dl1s *
319,73 cm
68,31 kNm
12,13 cm
2926,93 cm4
10816,00 cm4
33,64 kNm
124,31 kNm
478,12 kN
361,91 kN
0,682
577,46 kN
2,31 < 1
s
100
Av
f u Av,net
0,83 < 1
Area of holes will be neglected.

Analysis of bolts in flange:
2 * d2 * h2
Iw =
12 * 10
( )
h + d1
If =
2 * b1 * d1 *
10
Mw =
MEd *
Mf =
MEd *
Iw
Iw + If
If
Iw + If
Effective tension force in flange:

Mf
NEd =
h + d1
* 10
Limit shear force

f u,bo *
Fv,Rd =
no * 2 * 0,6 *
10
* d lo
* M2
Limit bearing force:

a1
fu,bo
a
=
MIN(
;
- 0,25;
; 1)
3 * d l1o 3 * d l1o
fu
Fb,Rd =
2 * no * 2,5 * * dlo * t *
fu
M2 * 10
MAX(
N Ed
N Ed
F v,Rd F b,Rd
1,32 < 1
Eurocode 3
Analysis of bolts in web:

ns - 1
ns1 =
+ 0,49
ns2 =
ns1 * 2
ms - 1
ms1 =
+ 0,49
ms2 =
ms1 * 2
n s * m s2 *
Ip =
ms - 1
*e
+ n s2 * m s *
* e3
Mw +
REd =
Fv,Rd =
10 * M Ew * e 3
Ip
ms * 0,6 * fu,bs *
e1
MIN(
Fb,Rd =
2,5 * * dls * s *
ms - 1 e
+
+ 10 * M Ew *
*
m s * ns
2
Ip
d ls
3 * d l1s 3 * d l1s
R Ed
F v,Rd F b,Rd
39,11 kNm
96,27 kN
77,21 kN
0,833
59,50 kN
32,00 cm
23,20 cm
- 0,25;
fu,bo
fu
; 1)
fu
M2 * 10
R Ed
V Ed
M2 * 10
) (
2
= 420,00 cm
VEd * e 3
10
100
MEw =
MAX(
ns - 1
1,62 < 1
Analysis of cover plates:

A=
d1 * b1
100
2 * d l1o * d 1
Anet =
A-
Nt,Rd =
MIN(A *
100
Limit tension force:
N Ed
N t,Rd
fy
M0 * 10
; 0,9 * Anet *
fu
M2 * 10
=
= 601,34 kN
0,80 < 1
Eurocode 3
Connection subject to moment load:
e2
e3
e3
e2
3
5
e1 e
e e1
Bolt spacing e =
Edge distance e1 =
Bolt spacing e3 =
Plate thickness t =
Number of bolts n =
50,00
35,00
70,00
6,00
8
mm
mm
mm
mm
Bolts:
Bolt1 =
SC1 =
fu,b1 =
Hole diameter dl1 =
TAB("steel/bolt"; d; BS=Bolt1)
=
=
=
=
M 30
5.6
500,00 N/mm
30,00 mm
Bolt2 =
SC2 =
fu,b2 =
Hole diameter ds2 =
Shaft diameter dl2 =
TAB("steel/bolt"; d; BS=Bolt2)
ds2+1
=
=
=
=
=
M 12
5.6
500,00 N/mm
12,00 mm
13,00 mm
steel =
fu2 =
Mb =
Mo =
1,25
1,25
=
=
Fe 360
360,00 N/mm
Loads:
VEd =
MEd =
58,70 kN
910,00 kNcm
Eurocode 3
Analysis of the right bolt:

Check limit shear force
Fv,Rd =
0,6 *
( )
d l1
10
f u,b1
10 * Mo
VEd
F v,Rd
169,65 kN
77,76 kN
444,00 cm
14,35 kN
17,59 kN
22,70 kN
31,86 kN
0,35 < 1
Limit bearing strength

Fb,Rd =
f u2
1,5 * dl1 * t *
10
* Mb
VEd
F b,Rd
0,75 < 1
Check bolts on left:
Ip =
6* e2+ e
3
100
Maximum horizontal force in bolt due to moment:
Fh =
MEd *
e3
I p * 10
Maximum vertical force:

Fv =
e
MEd *
I p * 10
VEd
n
Resulting force
Rr =
Fh 2 + Fv 2
Fv,Rd =
0,6 * fu,b2 * dl2 *
4 * Mb * 10
Rr
F v,Rd
0,71 < 1
Analysis of bearing strength

e1
fu,b2
e
=
MIN(
;2*
- 0,25;
; 1)
3 * d l2
3 * d l2
fu2
Fb,Rd =
2,5 * * dl2 * t *
fu2
Mb * 10
Fh
F b,Rd
0,28 < 1
0,90
50,54 kN
Eurocode 3
Bolted shear joint:
Spacing of bolts a =
Spacing of bolts a0 =
Depth of cope a4 =
Plate projection as =
Lever-arm x =
Number of bolts n =
45,00
35,00
30,00
50,00
90,00
30,00
20,00
45,00
3
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Bolts:
M16 4.6
Bolt =
SC =
fu,b =
Hole diameter dl =
Shaft diameter d0 =
dl +2
=
=
=
=
=
M 16
4.6
400,00 N/mm
16,00 mm
18,00 mm
Angle section P =
SEL("steel/WG"; Name; )
Angle thickness t =
TAB("steel/WG"; s; Name=P)
Factor for group bolts as in 6.5.2..2(3):
k=
0,5 for 1 group bolts; =2,5 for 2 rows
=
=
L 80x8
8,00 mm
steel =
fy =
fu =
=
TAB("steel/EC"; fy; Name=steel) =
TAB("steel/EC"; fu; Name=steel) =
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
Column height h =
Web thickness s =
Mb =
M2 =
M0 =
1,25
1,25
1,10
=
=
=
=
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
360,00 N/mm
IPE
IPE 270
270,00 mm
6,60 mm
Eurocode 3
Loads:
VEd =
Check bolt spacing as in 6.5.1:
1,2 * d0 / a1
a1 / MAX(12 * t; 150)
1,5 * d0 / a0
a0 / MAX(12 * t; 150)
2,2 * d0 / a2
a2 / MIN(12 * s; 200)
60,00 kN
=
=
=
=
=
=
0,72
0,20
0,77
0,23
0,79
0,63
<
<
<
<
<
<
1
1
1
1
1
1
Check bolts strength:

V Ed
Bolts in web of main beam Fv,Ed =
2*n
x
Bolts in web of connecting beam MEd =
10
= 270,00 kNcm
* VEd
M Ed
Horizontal force due to MEd Fh,Ed =
(n - 1 )*
a2
F h,Ed 2 + F v,Ed 2
Maximum bolt strength FEd =
27,00 kN
20,00 kN
33,60 kN
38,60 kN
0,556
51,24 kN
77,21 kN
10
V Ed
Distributed shearing force on bolts Fv,Ed =
10,00 kN
Limit strength and analysis of bolts:

Bolts in web of main beam:
Plain in the shear plane Fv,Rd =
dl
0,6 * fu,b * *
2
3
4 * Mb * 10

a1
a2
MIN(
Fb,Rd =
2,5 * * dl * t *
3 * d0 3 * d0
- 0,25;
fu,b
fu
fu
M2 * 10
; 1)
Analysis:
F Ed
F b,Rd
0,66 < 1
Bolts in web of connecting beam:
Fv,Rd =
2 * 0,6 * fu,b * *
dl
4 * Mb * 10
Eurocode 3

a1
a2
MIN(
Fb,Rd =
2,5 * * dl * s *
3 * d0 3 * d0
- 0,25;
fu,b
fu
; 1)
fu
M2 * 10
0,556
42,27 kN
30,00 kN
Analysis:
F Ed
F b,Rd
0,79 < 1
Check angle section strength

Design loads:
VEdw =
MEdw =
V Ed
2
M Ed
= 135,00 kNm
2
t
A=
(2 * a2 + 2 * a1 ) *
Anet =
(2 * a2 + 2 * a1 - n * d0 ) *
fy M2
*
fu M0
0,9 *
A net
200
t
200
6,40 cm
4,24 cm
=
=
12,80 cm
8,48 cm
44,00 cm
1,24 > 1
Subtract bottom bolt holes.

A=
Anet =
fy
A*2
Anet * 2
f u Anet
0,99 < 1
Bolt holes should not be subtracted

t*
(2 * a2 + 2 * a1 )
4
W pl =
Mpl,Rd =
MEd
Mpl,Rd
- d0 * t * a2
1000
fy
W pl *
= 940,00 kNcm
M0 * 10
0,29 < 1
Eurocode 3
Vpl,Rd =
A*
fy
M0 * 3 * 10
VEd
Vpl,Rd
0,38 < 1
0,76 < 1
= 157,88 kN
Also:
VEd
( )
Vpl,Rd
2
No interaction.
Check shear failure:
Lv =
L1 =
L1
(n - 1) * a2
a2
= 100,00 mm
= 50,00 mm
=
5 * d0
L2 =
(a - k * d0 ) *
L3 =
Lv,eff =
Lv + a2 + a3
Lv + L1 + L2
L v,eff
L3
L3
( Lv + a2 + a3 - n * d0 ) *
fu
0,56 < 1
fu
fy
55,15 mm
= 240,00 mm
= 205,15 mm
0,85 < 1
0,84 < 1
fy
Effective shear area:

Av,eff =
Veff,Rd =
VEd
Veff,Rd
Lv,eff * t / 100
fy
A v,eff *
M0 * 3 * 10
=
0,30 < 1
16,41 cm
= 202,41 kN
Eurocode 3
Double shear joint with bolts:
Plate thickness d1 =
Number of plates n1 =
Number of plates n2 =
Plate width b =
Bolt spacing e =
Edge distance e1 =
Edge distance e2 =
Bolt spacing e3 =
6,00 mm
2
7,10 mm
1
210,00 mm
40,00 mm
60,00 mm
40,00 mm
65,00 mm
Bolts:
Bolt =
SC =
fu,b =
Hole diameter dl =
Number of bolts n=
=
=
=
=
=
M 20
10.9
1000,00 N/mm
20,00 mm
2,45 cm
5
1,10
1,25
=
=
=
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
360,00 N/mm
Plate :
steel =
fy =
fu =
M0 =
M2 =
Loads:
NEd =
100,00 kN
Eurocode 3
Joint with tension and shear:

Limit tension force of plate links
A=
b * d1 *
n1
100
d=
dl + 2
Cross-section area 1:
Anet,1 =
A - 2 * d * d1 *
n1
100
25,20 cm
22,00 mm
19,92 cm
18,76 cm
18,76 cm
Anet,2 =
Anet =
A-3 *d *d1 *
n1
+ 2 * e / (4*e3 ) * d1 *
100
MIN(A net,1; Anet,2)
fy
Nt,Rd1 = MIN( A *
M0
; 0,9 * Anet *
fu
M2
n1
100
)/10
486,26 kN
Limit tension force of plate rechts

A=
b * d2 *
d=
dl + 2
n2
100
Anet,1 =
A - 2 * d * d2 *
Anet,2 =
A - 3 * d * d2 *
Anet =
100
n2
100
Nt,Rd2 = MIN( A *
Nt,Rd =
n2
fy
M0
+ 2 * e / (4*e3 ) * d2 *
; 0,9 * Anet *
fu
M2
)/10
MIN(Nt,Rd2; Nt,Rd1)
n2
100
14,91 cm
22,00 mm
11,79 cm
11,10 cm
11,10 cm
287,71 kN
287,71 kN
Limit tension force of boltsn:

*
As =
()
dl
10
4
Thread in the shearing plane:
Fv,Rd =
0,6 * n * (n1 + n2 - 1) *
f u,b * As
10 * M2

e1
fu,b
e
=
MIN(
;2*
- 0,25;
; 1)
3*d
3*d
fu
Fb,Rd1 = n1 * n * 2,5 * * dl * d1 *
fu
M2 * 10
3,14 cm
1507,20 kN
0,91
786,24 kN
Eurocode 3
MIN(
e1
3*d
;2*
e
3*d
- 0,25;
Fb,Rd2 = n2 * n * 2,5 * * dl * d2 *
fu,b
fu
; 1)
fu
M2 * 10
Fb,Rd =
MIN(Fb,Rd1; Fb,Rd2)
Maximum allowed force:

Nl,Rd = MIN(Nt,Rd ; Fv,Rd ; Fb,Rd )
Analysis:
NEd / Nl,Rd
0,35 < 1
0,91
465,19 kN
465,19 kN
287,71 kN
Eurocode 3
High strength friction-grip bolt connection:
Plate thickness 1 d1 =
Plate thickness 2 d2 =
Bolt spacing e =
Edge distance e1 =
Edge distance e2 =
Bolt spacing e3 =
Plate width b=
10,00 mm
8,00 mm
65,00 mm
55,00 mm
50,00 mm
70,00 mm
240,00 mm
Bolts:
Bolt =
SC =
fu,b =
Hole diameter dl =
Cross-section areas As=
Number of bolts n=
=
=
=
=
=
M 22
10.9
1000,00 N/mm
22,00 mm
3,03 cm
5
normal holes with tolerance as Ks =

Number of slip joints as in 6.5.8.1 (1) =
coefficient of friction as in 6.5.8.3 =
as in 6.5.8.1 (3) Ms =
1,00
1,00
0,40
1,25
Plate:
steel =
fy =
fu =
M0 =
M2 =
=
=
=
Loads:
Tension force NEd =
100,00 kN
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
360,00 N/mm
1,10
1,25
Eurocode 3
Limit tension force of plate:

A=
MIN(d1 ; d2 ) *
b
100
as in 7.5.2 d = dl + 2
Anet,1 =
A - 2 * MIN(d1 ; d2 ) *
d
100
19,20 cm
24,00 mm
15,36 cm
15,85 cm
15,36 cm
d
Anet,2 =
A-3*
Anet =
100
* MIN(d1 ;d2 ) +
*
*MIN(d1 ;d2 )
100 4 * e 3
Friction-grip connection:
Plate
Nnet,Rd =
Anet *
fy
M0 * 10
328,15 kN
212,10 kN
339,36 kN
0,76
481,54 kN
328,15 kN
Limit tension force of bolts

fu,b
Limit shank tension Fp,cd =
0,7 *
Limit slip resistance force Fs,Rd =
n * Ks * * *
10
* As
F p,cd
Ms
Limit bearing force:

e1
fu,b
MIN(
Fb,Rd =
n * 2,5 * * dl * MIN(d1 ; d2 ) *
3*d
;2*
3*d
- 0,25;
fu
; 1)
fu
M2 * 10

Ng,Rd =
MIN(Nnet,Rd ; Fb,Rd ; Fs,Rd )
Analysis:
N Ed
N g,Rd
0,30 < 1
Eurocode 3
Bolt spacing e =
Edge distance e1 =
Edge distance e2 =
Bolt spacing e3 =
Plate width b =
10,00 mm
8,00 mm
65,00 mm
55,00 mm
50,00 mm
70,00 mm
240,00 mm
Bolts:
Bolt =
SC =
fu,b =
Hole diameter dl =
Number of bolts n =
=
=
=
=
=
1,10
1,25
=
=
=
M 22
4.6
400,00 N/mm
22,00 mm
3,03 cm
5
Plate:
steel =
fy =
fu =
M0 =
M2 =
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
360,00 N/mm
Loads:
NEd =
100,00 kN

Limit tension force of plate:
A=
MIN(d1 ; d2 ) *
b
100
d=
dl + 2
Anet,1 =
A - 2 * MIN(d1 ; d2 ) *
d
100
19,20 cm
24,00 mm
15,36 cm
Eurocode 3
Anet,2 =
A-3*
Anet =
Nt,Rd =
100
MIN( A *
fy
M0
* MIN(d1 ;d2 ) +
; 0,9 * Anet *
*
*MIN(d1 ;d2 )
100 4 * e 3
fu
M2
)/10
15,85 cm
15,36 cm
398,13 kN
Limit tension force of boltsn:

*
As =
()
d
10
4
Thread in the shearing plane:
Fv,Rd =
0,6 * n *
f u,b * As
10 * M2
4,52 cm
433,92 kN
0,76
525,31 kN
398,13 kN

e1
fu,b
MIN(
Fb,Rd =
n * 2,5 * * d * MIN(d1 ; d2 ) *
3*d
;2*
3*d
- 0,25;
fu
; 1)
fu
M2 * 10

Nl,Rd = MIN(Nt,Rd ; Fv,Rd ; Fb,Rd )
Analysis:
NEd / Nl,Rd
0,25 < 1
Eurocode 3
Check shear failure:
V
VV
V
VV
V
Ed
Spacing of bolts a =
Number of bolts n =
50,00
43,00
70,00
75,00
4
mm
mm
mm
mm
Bolts:
Bolt =
SC =
fu,b =
Hole diameter dl =
Shaft diameter dl2 = dl +2
k=
0,5 for 1 group bolts; =2,5 for 2 rows
=
=
=
=
=
M 20
5.6
500,00 N/mm
20,00 mm
22,00 mm
steel =
fy =
fu =
=
=
=
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
360,00 N/mm
=
=
=
=
IPE
IPE 360
360,00 mm
8,00 mm
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
Column height h =
Web thickness s =
Mb =
M0 =
1,25
1,10
Loads:
VEd =
58,70 kN
Limit shear force of section:

Av =
1,04 *
Vpl,Rdp =
Av *
h*s
100
fy
3 * M0 * 10
=
=
29,95 cm
369,41 kN
Eurocode 3
Av,net =
fy
Av -
n * s * d l2
100
Av
f u Av,net
22,91
0,85 < 1
Holes can be neglected.

Joint with shear failure as in Bild 6.5.5:
Lv =
(n - 1) * a2
L1 =
a1
L1
5 * d l2
L2 =
(a - k * dl2 ) *
L3 =
Lv,eff =
Lv + a1 + a3
Lv + L1 + L2
L v,eff
L3
L3
L v + a 1 + a 3 - n + d l2
fu
fy
0,95 < 1
0,95 < 1
=
=
210,00 mm
43,00 mm
0,39 < 1
59,74 mm
=
=
328,00 mm
312,74 mm
25,02 cm
Effective shear area:

Av,eff =
Lv,eff *
Vpl,Rd =
A v,eff *
Maximum design force for shear:

VRd =
MIN(V pl,Rdp; Vpl,Rd )
s
100
fy
M0 * 3 * 10
=
308,60 kN
308,60 kN
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Column subject to compression force:
Nd
Column heigth H =
ly =
lz =
Materials and stresses:
steel =
fy =
E=
H/2
H/3
7,50 m
3,75 m
2,50 m
=
=
TAB("steel/EC"; E; Name=steel)
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
Column height h =
Depth of web h1 =
Web thickness s =
Flange width b =
Radius of gyration iy =
Radius of gyration iz=
TAB("steel/"Typ; h1; Name=Profil)
TAB("steel/"Typ; b; Name=Profil)
TAB("steel/"Typ; iy; Name=Profil)
TAB("steel/"Typ; iz; Name=Profil)
Profil:
235
fy
Section classification As in Table 5.3.1:

Web:
h1
s * 33 *
h1
s * 38 *
1,15 < 1
1,00 < 1
Section class 2.
=
=
=
Fe 430
275,00 N/mm
210000,00 N/mm
0,92
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
IPE
IPE 300
53,80 cm
300,00 mm
248,00 mm
7,10 mm
150,00 mm
10,70 mm
12,50 cm
3,35 cm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Flange:
2 * t * 10 *
0,76 < 1
Section class 1.
Section will be classified as class 2.
Analysis:
nach 5.5.1.1 (1) A=
nach 5.1.1 (2) M1 =
Check buckling In Y-Y Axis:
h/b
=
2,00 > 1,2
t /10
=
1,07 cm < 4 cm
as in Tab 5.5.3 :
100
y =
ly *
1 =
93,9 *
trans,y =
1,00 Cross-section class 2

iy
* A
30,00
86,39
Apply strut curve a

As in Table 5.5.1 =
=
0,21
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,y - 0,2) + trans,y)
+
Nb,y,Rd =
- trans,y
* A * A *
z
1
fy
0,9655
* A
2,00 > 1,2

1,07 cm < 4cm
74,63
0,864
0,986
0,6844
920,52 kN
920,52 kN
0,34
1
+
=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,z - 0,2) + trans,z)
0,576
= 1298,60 kN
10 * M1
Apply strut curve b

As in Table 5.5.1 =
=
Check buckling In Z-Z Axis:

h/b
t / 10
as in Tab 5.5.3 :
z =
lz * 100 / iz
trans,z =
0,347
- trans,z
fy
Nb,z,Rd =
* A * A *
max_Nd =
MIN(Nb,y,Rd ; Nb,z,Rd )
10 * M1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Column of section class 4:
b
t2
t1
N
Load diagram:
Column heigth H =
Flange width b =
Depth of web h =
Web thickness t1 =
4,00 kN
20,00 cm
30,00 cm
1,20 cm
Flange thickness t2 =
1,20 cm
Loads:
Nd =
700,00 kN

steel = SEL("steel/EC"; Name; )
fy =
E=
235
fy
1 =
93,90 *
Partial safety factors:
M =
=
=
=
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
210000,00 N/mm
1,00
93,90
1,10

b
t 2 * 14 *
1,19 > 1
0,76 > 1
Section class 4
h
t 1 * 33 *
Section class 1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Effective web area:

Flangee:
As in Table 5.3.3:
=
k =
1,00
0,43
as in 5.3.5(3)
trans,p =
t 2 * 28,4 * * k
trans,p - 0,22
trans,p
*b
beff =
Aeff =
2 * (beff * t2) + (h + 2 * t2) * t1

Location of shear centre:
0,89 >0,673
0,846
16,92 cm
79,49 cm
4,628 cm
b e f f + t2
b e f f * 2 * t2 *
y s,eff =
Iz,eff =
Ae f f
b eff
12
* 2 * t2 + b eff * 2 * t2 *
b eff + t1
2
- y s,eff
+ ( h + 2 * t2 ) *
t1
12
+ t1 * y s,eff
Iz,eff
W z,eff =
( b eff + t 1 ) - y s,eff -
t1
2604 cm4
201,99 cm
86,88 cm
Gross area:
A=
b * 2 * t2 + (h + 2 * t2) * t1
Location of center of gravity:
b + t1
b * 2 * t2 *
ys =
Iz =
eNz =
12
* 2 * t2 + b * 2 * t2 *
b + t1
2
- ys
+ ( h + 2 * t2 ) *
y s - ys,eff
t1
12
+ t1 * y s
5,856 cm
= 4018 cm4
=
1,228 cm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Check buckling:
2
Ncr =
E
10
Iz
( H * 100 )
= 5204,85 kN
A eff
A =
trans,z=
A * A *
fy
1
+
0,915
0,599
0,49
0,777
0,786
8,60 kNm
1,00
1,10
10 * N cr
Apply strut curve c As in Table 5.5.3

=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,z - 0,2) + trans,z)
=
- trans,z
e Nz
Mz,d =
Nd *
=
M =
1,8 - 0,7 *
z =
trans,z * (2 * M - 4)
-1,078 < 0,9
k z1 =
1-
1,514 ~ 1,5
1,500
1,500
100
z * Nd
* A eff *
k z2 =
kz =
fy
10
MIN(k z1; k z2)

Nd
* A eff *
fy
M * 10
+ 100 * k z *
M z,d
W z,eff *
fy
M * 10
0,823 < 1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Column with compression and moment:
Nd
Md
Load diagram:
Column heigth H =
5,00 m
Loads:
Nd =
My,d =
steel =
fy =
E=
G=
=
M =
g =
platischer Formbeiwert
platischer Formbeiwert
200,00 kN
10,00 kN
TAB("steel/EC"; G; Name=steel)
(235 / fy)
ply =
plz =
1,10
1,35
1,14
1,25
=
=
=
=
=
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
1,00
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Profil:
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
Cross-sectional area A = TAB("steel/"Typ; A; Name=Profil)
Column height h =
Depth of web h1 =
Web thickness s =
Flange width b =
W ely=
W ply =
ply * Wely
W elz=
TAB("steel/"Typ; Wz; Name=Profil)
W plz =
plz * Welz
Section classification As in Table5.3.1:
Web will be assumed as pressed in
h1
s * 33 *
Section class 1.
Flange:
b
2 * t * 10 *
Section class 1.
Check bending and buckling:
as in 5.5.1.1 (1) A =
as in 5.1.1 (2) M1 =
H*
1 =
93,9 *
trans,y =
z =
0,53 < 1
0,89 < 1
iy
* A
1
H*
100
iz
trans,z =
*
76,10
93,90
0,810
125,63
1,34
=
=
0,95 < 1,2

0,90 cm < 10cm
E
fy
As in Table 5.5.3
h/b
t / 10
As in Table:5.5.1
Strut curve b for Y-Y axis
=
=
HEA
HEA 160
38,80 cm
152,00 mm
104,00 mm
6,00 mm
160,00 mm
9,00 mm
6,57 cm
3,98 cm
220,00 cm
250,80 cm
76,90 cm
96,13 cm

100
y =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,y - 0,2) + trans,y)
0,34
=
0,932
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
y =
- trans,y
0,7179
0,49
1,677
0,3724
0,00
1,80
Apply strut curve c for z-Achse

=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,z - 0,2) + trans,z)
z =
- trans,z
=
My =
1,8 - 0,7 *
y =
trans,y * (2 * My - 4) +
ky =
1-
MIN( y; z)
W ely
y * Nd
y * A * fy
Nd
*A*
W ply - W ely
My,d
+ k y * 100 *
fy
W ply *
M * 10
fy
( ( ))
100 *
C1 *
1,006 < 1,5
0,372
0,836 < 1
0,00
1,00
1,879
iz *
90 *
-0,184 < 0,9
M * 10
Check torsional-flexural buckling:

w =
As in Table: F.1.1
=
k=
C1 =
LT =
1+
20
59,208
0,631
0,21
0,74
0,89
1,80
iz
h
t
LT
trans,LT =
* w
For rolled sections strut curve a

=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,LT - 0,2) + trans,LT)
LT =
M,LT =
1
+
- trans,LT
1,8 - 0,7 *
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
quer,z =
z
1
* A
LT =
0,15 * quer,z * M,LT - 0,15
h/b
t / 10
Z-Z axis Strut curve c
=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,z - 0,2) + trans,z)
z =
k LT =
1-
- trans,z
LT * Nd
fy
M * 10
+ k LT * 100 *
1,338
=
=
=
0,211 < 0,9

0,95 < 1,2
0,90 cm < 10cm
0,49
1,677
0,3724
0,988 < 1,5
0,855 < 1
z * A * fy
Nd
z * A *
My,d
LT * W ply *
fy
M * 10
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Column subject to compression force:
Nd
Column base is pinned.

For buckling, column head is pinned about the Y-Y axis, and fixed about the Z-Z axis .
Load diagram:
Column heigth H =
8,00 m
Loads:
Nd =
2000,00 kN

steel =
fy =
E=
=
235
fy
=
=
=
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
210000,00 N/mm
1,00
Effective length factor:

ky =
1,00 For simply supported ends
kz =
0,70 fixed ends
Profil:
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
Cross-sectional area A = TAB("steel/"Typ; A; Name=Profil)
Column height h =
Depth of web h1 =
Web thickness s =
Flange width b =
Moment of inertia I =
TAB("steel/"Typ; Iy; Name=Profil)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
HEB
HEB 300
149,00 cm
300,00 mm
208,00 mm
11,00 mm
300,00 mm
19,00 mm
25170,00 cm4
13,00 cm
7,58 cm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Section classification:
Web:
h1
s * 33 *
Flange:
b
2 * t * 10 *
Section class 1.
0,57 > 1
0,79 > 1
Analysis:
A =
M1 =

Check buckling In Y-Y Axis:

h/b
t / 10
y =
ky * H *
1 =
93,9 *
trans,y =
y
1
=
=
100
iy
* A
61,54
93,90
Apply strut curve b

As in Table 5.5.1 =
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,y - 0,2) + trans,y)
1
+
Nd
N b,Rd
0,655
0,34
Nb,Rd =
1,00 < 1,2

1,90 cm < 10cm
- trans,y
fy
* A * A *
0,792
0,8083
= 2572,966 kN
10 * M1
=
0,78 < 1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Check buckling In Z-Z Axis:

h/b
t / 10
z =
trans,z =
kz * H *
z
1
=
=
100
iz
* A
73,88 m
0,787
Apply strut curve c

As in Table 5.5.1 =
=
0,49
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,z - 0,2) + trans,z)
+
Nb,Rd =
Nd
N b,Rd
1,00 < 1,2

1,90 cm < 10cm
- trans,z
fy
* A * A *
0,953
0,6709
= 2135,60 kN
10 * M1
=
0,94 < 1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Column of channel section with compression and transverse loads:
Nd
b
t2
t1
d
Load diagram:
Column height H =
Beam width b =
Depth of web h =
Web thickness t1 =
Flange width t2 =
4,00 m
9,50 cm
29,40 cm
1,00 cm
0,60 cm
Loads:
qd =
Nd =
15,00 kN/m
90,00 kN

fy =
E=
=
235
fy
1 =
93,90 *
M =
=
=
=
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
210000,00 N/mm
1,00
93,90
1,10
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
As in Table 5.3.1
b
t 2 * 14 *
1,13 > 1
0,89 > 1
42,00 cm
1,425 cm
Section class 4
As in Table 5.3.2
h
t 1 * 33 *
Section class 1
A=
b * 2 * t2 + (h + 2 * t2 ) * t1
b + t1
b * 2 * t2 *
ys =
Iz =
Iy =
W el,z =
A
b
* 2 * t2 + b * 2 * t2 *
12
h
b + t1
2
3
)
(
( ))
2
- ys
+ ( h + 2 * t2 ) *
t
h + t2
* t1 + 2 * b * 2 + t *
2
12
12
2
Iz
b+
W el,y =
t1
2
t1
12
+ t1 * y s
317,21 cm4
4683,02 cm4
36,99 cm
308,09 cm
- ys
Iy
( )
h + t1
2
Effective web area:

Flangee:
As in Table 5.3.3:
=
k =
as in 5.3.5(3)
trans,p =
=
1,00
0,43
b
t 2 * 28,4 * * k
trans,p - 0,22
trans,p
beff =
Aeff =
*b
2 * (beff * t2 ) + (h + 2 * t2 ) * t1
0,85 >0,673
0,872
=
=
8,28 cm
40,54 cm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns

b e f f + t2
b e f f * 2 * t2 *
y s,eff =
eNz =
A =
Ae f f
y s - ys,eff
A eff
A
1,088 cm
0,337 cm
0,965
4109,09 kN
1,52
0,49
1,979
0,308
Slenderness and reductions:

In Z-Z Axis:
Iz
Ncr,z =
*E*
trans,z=
( H * 100 )
A * A *
fy
Ncr,z
Apply strut curve c

=
=
0,5 *(1 + * (trans,z - 0,2) + trans,z)
z =
1
+
- trans,z
In Y-Y Axis:
Iy
Ncr,y =
*E*
trans,y=
( H * 100 )
A * A *
fy
60663,06 kN
0,40
N cr,y
Apply strut curve c

=
=
y =
=
Nb,Rd =
0,49
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,y - 0,2) + trans,y)
1
+
- trans,y
0,629
0,897
0,3080
MIN( z; y)
* Ae f f *
fy
M
2667,53 kN
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Limit bending moment about the Y-Y axis:

Cross-section class 4
h + t2
-b e f f * t 2 *
z's =
( )
+ b+
t1
2
h + t2
* t2 *
Ae f f
( h + t2 )
0,382 cm
2261,46 cm4
2457,57 cm4
Ieff,y =
4719,03 cm 4
306,79 cm
* t 1 + ( h + t 2 ) * t 1 * z' s
12
b eff * t 2 *
) ( ) (
2
h + t2
+ z' s
+ b+
t1
2
* t2 *
h + t2
2
Ieff,y
W eff,y =
h + t2
2
+ z' s
fy
Mc,Rd,y =
- z' s
65541,50 kNm
-0,17
0,61
1,02 > 1
0,75 >0,673
0,942
trans,p
t1
b+
2
*
1-
t1
-1 * b +
*
1-
2
8,05 cm
1,45 cm
beff + bt
9,50 cm
W eff,y *
Limit bending moment about the Z-Z axis:

Cross-section class 4 Tab 5.3.3
-y s
b+
t1
2
- ys
0,57 - 0,21 * + 0,07 *
k =
b+
t1
2
t 2 * 21 * * k
As in Table:5.3.5 (3)
b+
trans,p =
=
beff =
bt =
c eff =
t1
2
t 2 * 28,4 * * k
trans,p - 0,22
2
( )
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Aeff =
(h + t2 ) * t1 + 2 * ceff * t2
y' =
2 * ceff
Ieff,z =
t2
2 * Ae f f
(h + t2 ) * t1 * y' + 2 *
c eff
12
* t2 + 2 * ceff * t2 *
Ieff,z
W eff,z =
c eff
2
41,40 cm
1,31 cm
c eff
2
- y'
272,12 cm4
79,10 cm
- y'
fy
Mc,Rd,z =
W eff,z *
16898,64 kNm
Check buckling:
NEd =
Nd
My,Ed =
qd *
Mz,Ed =
Nd *
8
e Nz
100
My =
y =
trans,y * (2 * My - 4)
ky =
1-
=
M =
z =
1,8 - 0,7 *
trans,z * (2 * M - 4)
k z1 =
1-
k z2 =
kz =
MIN(k z1; k z2)
NEd
* A eff *
fy
M
90,00 kN
30,00 kNm
0,30 kNm
y * NEd
y * A eff * f y
z * NEd
* A eff * f y
+ k y * 100 *
My,Ed
W eff,y *
fy
+ k z * 100 *
Mz,Ed
W eff,z *
fy
M
1,30
-0,560 < 0,9
1,006 < 1,5
=
=
1,000
1,10 < 1,5
-2,736 < 0,9
1,082
1,500
1,082
0,081 < 1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Laced column made up of channel and angle sections:

Nd
H sd
b
ly
Loads:
Nd =
Hd =
Plan and elevation values:
Span length ly =
Column height l =
Width b =
Winkel 1 =
U-Profil U =
Af =
ez =
iz =
300,00 kN
45,00 kN
10*ly/100
=
=
=
=
U 300
58,80 cm
2,70 cm
2,90 cm
Winkel W =
Angle thickness AD = TAB("steel/WG"; A; Name=W)
Angle thickness i = TAB("steel/WG"; i; Name=W)
=
=
=
L 50x5
4,80 cm
0,98 cm
steel =
fy =
E=
=
=
=
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
210000,00 N/mm
SEL("steel/U"; Name; )
TAB("steel/U"; A; Name=U)
TAB("steel/U"; ez; Name=U)
TAB("steel/U"; iz; Name=U)
69,20 cm
6,92 m
40,00 cm
45,00
235
fy
1 =
93,90 *
M =
1,00
93,90
1,10
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Maximal tension force in chord:

Effective length ratio k =
Imperfection:
2*l
wo =
5
Effective moment of inertia:
ho =
b - 2 * ez
Ieff =
0,5 * ho * Af
Shear strength:
Sv =
2*
10
ho
* A D * ly *
2*
2
3
( 100 * l )
4*
E
10
* Ieff
Nd
max_ME = Hd * l +
1-
Nd
=
=
34,60 cm
35196,50 cm4
71276,36 kN
2 * ho
3615,26 kN
1
Sv
wo
2,77 cm
Ncr =
Nf,Ed =
2,00
100
320,46 kNm
N cr
0,5 * Nd + 100 *
max_ME
ho
1076,18 kN
23,86
Analysis of channels:
=
trans =
ly
iz
1 *
Apply strut curve c

=
=
1
+
Nb,Rd =
N f,Ed
N b,Rd
0,49
0,5 * (1 + * (trans - 0,2) + trans)
* Af *
0,254
- trans
fy
0,545
0,9735
M * 10
=
0,880 < 1
1222,89 kN
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Analysis of lacing angles:

max_V E =
Nd
Hd +
1-
Nd
* wo *
200 * l
47,06 kN
33,28 kN
49,93
N cr
Design force for a diagonal:
NEd =
=
trans =
max_V E
2 * cos ( 1 )
2 * ho 2
i
1 *
Apply strut curve c

=
=
1
+
Nb,Rd =
N Ed
N b,Rd
0,49
0,5 * (1 + * (trans - 0,2) + trans)
* AD *
0,532
- trans
fy
0,723
0,8247
84,57 kN
M * 10
=
0,39 < 1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Column of section class 4:
b
A
B
t2
t1
C
N
Load diagram:
Column height H =
Beam width b =
Column height h =
Web thickness t1 =
Flange thickness t2 =
6,50 m
50,00 cm
100,00 cm
1,00 cm
1,00 cm
Loads:
Nd =
steel =
fy =
E=
=
3500,00 kN
235
fy

M =
g =
As in Table 5.3.1
b' =
b - 2 * t1
b'
t 2 * 42 *
Section class 4
h' =
h - 2 * t2
h'
t 1 * 42 *
=
=
=
1,10
1,35
48,00 cm
1,14 > 1
98,00 cm
2,33 > 1
Section class 4
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
210000,00 N/mm
1,00
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Effective web area:

Part A-B; C-D As in Table 5.3.2:
=
k =
as in 5.3.5(3)
b'
quer,p =
t 2 * 28,4 * * k
=
quer,p - 0,22
quer,p
beff =
* b'
Part A-C; B-D As in Table 5.3.2:
=
k =
as in 5.3.5(3)
quer,p =
=
h'
t 1 * 28,4 * * k
quer,p - 0,22
quer,p
heff =
* h'
1,00
4,00
0,85 >0,673
0,872
41,86 cm
1,00 cm
4,00
1,73 >0,673
0,505
49,49 cm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Columns
Check buckling:
Aeff =
2 * (heff * t1 + beff * t2 ) + 4 * t1 * t2
A=
b * h - (b - 2 * t1 ) * (h - 2 * t2 )
A eff
A =
A
b*h
Ib =
-(b - 2 * t1 )* (h - 2 * t2 )
I=
Ncr =
transv =
12
MIN(Ib ; Ih )
E*I
2
*
2
5
H * 10
A * A *
fy
10 * N cr
Apply strut curve b

=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (transv - 0,2) + transv )
+
Nb,Rd =
Nd
N b,Rd
0,631
401898,67 cm4
138498,67 cm4
138498,67 cm4
67941,82 kN
0,25
0,34
0,540
0,9817
b * h -(b - 2 * t1 ) * (h - 2 * t2 )
186,70 cm
296,00 cm
12
3
Ih =
=
=
- transv
fy
* A * A *
M * 10
=
0,893 < 1
3917,19 kN
Eurocode 3
Folder : Continuous Beam
Purlin / Strut with biaxial bending and torsional-flexural buckling:
qd
qd

Span length l=
Angle of slope =
Spacing of purlin l'=
platischer Formbeiwert ply =
platischer Formbeiwert plz =
720,00 cm
10,00
4,00 m
1,14
1,25
Loads:
From dead load g=
From snow load s=
0,20 kN/m
0,40 kN/m
Section classification for: IPE 200

Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
=
=
Column height h =
Flange width bf =
Flange thickness tf =
Flange thickness tw =
Moment of inertia Iy =
Moment of inertia Iz =
Moment of inertia Iy =
I =
iz =
W ely=
W ply =
W elz=
TAB("steel/"Typ; Iz; Name=Profil)
TAB("steel/"Typ; IT; Name=Profil)
tf * bf * (h - tf) / (24*106 )
ply * Wely
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

steel =
Es =
G=
fy =
=
M =
g =
p =
235
fy
IPE
IPE 200
200,00 mm
100,00 mm
8,50 mm
5,60 mm
1940,00 cm4
142,00 cm4
6,98 cm4
12988,09 cm6
2,24 cm
194,00 cm
221,16 cm
28,50 cm
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
1,10
1,35
1,50
Eurocode 3
Design calculations:
g * g + p * s
pd * 4
qd * COS()
qd * SIN()
Factored load pd =
Effective load qd =
Vertical load component qzd =
Horizontal load component qyd =
Forces at 2nd support:
MbyEd =
0,105 * qzd *
MbzEd =
0,105 * qyd *
VbzEd =
0,606 * qzd *
VbyEd =
0,606 * qyd *
( )
( )
l
Av *
100
l
100
l
100
fy
Vpl,z,Rd
VbzEd
Vpl,z,Rd
18,67 kNm
3,27 kNm
14,97 kN
2,62 kN
11,65 cm
3 * M * 10
VbzEd
=
2
Check biaxial bending strength:

About Y-Y axis
Av =
1,04 * h * tw / 10
Vpl,z,Rd =
0,87 kN/m
3,48 kN/m
3,43 kN/m
0,60 kN/m
100
l
=
=
=
=
0,10 < 1
0,10 < 0,5
143,69 kN
No reduction in moment strength necessary due to shear.

Mpl,y,Rd =
W ply * f y
M * 10
4724,78 kNcm
17,00 cm
About Z-Z axis

Av =
Vpl,y,Rd =
2 * bf * tf / 10
Av *
fy
3 * M * 10
VbyEd
Vpl,y,Rd
VbyEd
Vpl,y,Rd
0,01 < 1
0,01 < 0,5
209,68 kN
913,30 kNcm
No reduction in moment strength necessary due to shear

Mpl,z,Rd =
1,5 *
W elz * f y
M * 10
Eurocode 3
Analysis:
as in 5.35: for I- and H- sections:
=
=
Or else: 5.4.8.1 (11)
abs
((
MbyEd * 10
) (
Mpl,y,Rd
2,00
1,00
MbzEd * 10
))
Mpl,z,Rd
0,514 < 1
Check flexural-torsional buckling strength:
iLT =
Iz * I
W ply
Load is applied in top flange.

za =
zs =
zg =
z a - zs
As in Table F.1.2, interpolated.
C1 =
C2 =
C3 =
For simply supported ends fixed ends k =
No measures taken toward bending kw =
2,48 cm
10,00 cm
0,00 cm
10,00 cm
1,00
0,80
0,70
0,70
1,00
h - tf
hs =
10
19,15 cm
5.5.2; Section class 1+2 w =
1,00
1 =
LT =
C1 *
Es
fy
k * l / i LT
( ) ( ) (
k
kw
LT
trans,LT =
20
k * l / i LT
h
tf
* w
1
+
- trans,LT
= 172,86
Apply strut curve a:

As in Table 5.5.1 =
0,21
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,LT-0,2) + trans,LT)
LT =
93,91
2 * C 2 * zg
hs
2 * C 2 * zg
hs
1,841
2,37
0,26
No longitudinal forces kz =
No longitudinal forces kLT =
1,00
1,00
Eurocode 3

MbyEd
k LT *
LT *
Mpl,y,Rd
+ kz *
MbzEd
Mpl,z,Rd
100
1,88 < 1
100
Section is not adequate: Restrain section in quarterly points:

l=
l/4
=
180,00 cm
k * l / i LT
LT =
C1 *
( ) ( ) (
k
kw
LT
trans,LT =
20
k * l / i LT
h
2 * C 2 * zg
tf
* w

=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,LT-0,2) + trans,LT)
LT =
+
MbyEd
k LT *
LT *
Mpl,y,Rd
100
- trans,LT
+ kz *
MbzEd
Mpl,z,Rd
100
0,89 < 1
hs
2 * C 2 * zg
hs
0,906
0,98
0,74
85,08
Eurocode 3
Folder : foot and support
Concentrated point load of a beam in another beam:
Design loads and properties

Pd =
MEd1 =
MEd2 =
68,00 kN
70,00 kNm
-22,00 kNm
Top beam (IPE180)

Profil TypO =
Selected ProfilO =
SEL("steel/"TypO; Name; )
=
=
IPE
IPE 180
Web thickness so =
Flange thickness to =
Radius ro =
Flange width bo =
Web depth ho =
Web depth h1o =
W elo =
W plo =
Iyo=
TAB("steel/"TypO; s; Name=ProfilO)
TAB("steel/"TypO; t; Name=ProfilO)
TAB("steel/"TypO; r; Name=ProfilO)
TAB("steel/"TypO; b; Name=ProfilO)
TAB("steel/"TypO; h; Name=ProfilO)
TAB("steel/"TypO; h1; Name=ProfilO)
TAB("steel/"TypO; Wy; Name=ProfilO)
1,14 * Welo
TAB("steel/"TypO; Iy; Name=ProfilO)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
5,30 mm
8,00 mm
9,00 mm
91,00 mm
180,00 mm
146,00 mm
146,00 cm
166,44 cm3
1320,00 cm4
Bottom beam (HEA200)

Profil TypO =
Selected ProfilO =
SEL("steel/"TypO; Name; )
=
=
Web thickness of beam su = TAB("steel/"TypO; s; Name=ProfilO)

Flange thickness tu =
TAB("steel/"TypO; t; Name=ProfilO)
Radius ru =
TAB("steel/"TypO; r; Name=ProfilO)
Flange width bu =
TAB("steel/"TypO; b; Name=ProfilO)
Web depth hu =
TAB("steel/"TypO; h; Name=ProfilO)
Web depth h1u =
TAB("steel/"TypO; h1; Name=ProfilO)
W elu =
TAB("steel/"TypO; Wy; Name=ProfilO)
W plu =
1,14 * Welu
Iyu=
TAB("steel/"TypO; Iy; Name=ProfilO)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
HEA
HEA 200
6,50 mm
10,00 mm
18,00 mm
200,00 mm
190,00 mm
134,00 mm
389,00 cm
443,46 cm3
3690,00 cm4
Eurocode 3

steel =
Es =
G=
fy =
=
M =
1 =
fyd=
Limit plastic bearing:
Stiff bearing length of top,
(235 / fy)
=
=
=
=
=
93,90 *
fy/ M
=
=
bottom beam:
s s1 =
s o + 2 * to + 4 * ro * (1 -
f,Ed1 =
100 *
bf1 =
bf1 =
tu * 25
MIN(bf1; bu )
s y1 =
Ry,Rd1 =
2
2
MEd1
W elu
2 * tu *
(
bu
su
(s s1 + s y1) * su *
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
1,10
93,90
213,64 kN/cm
1-
M * f,Ed1 * 10
fy
31,84 mm
17,99 kN/cm
=
=
250,00 mm
200,00 mm
59,83 mm
fy d
10
Pd
R y,Rd1
127,30 kN
0,53 < 1
Stiff bearing length of bottom beam:
s s2 =
s u + 2 * tu + 4 * ru * (1 -
f,Ed2 =
100 *
bf =
bf2 =
to * 25
MIN(bf; bo )
s y2=
Ry,Rd2 =
R y,Rd2
MEd2
2 * to *
W elo
(
bo
so
(s s2 + s y2) * so *
1-
M * f,Ed2 * 10
fy
-15,07 kN/cm
=
=
200,00 mm
91,00 mm
46,99 mm
47,59 mm
fy d
10
Pd
0,63 < 1
107,09 kN
Eurocode 3
Check web crushing:

Bottom beam:
m1 =
m2 =
mu =
Ra,Rd1 =
s s1
h 1u
MIN(m1 ; m2 )
0,5 * s u * E s * f y *
tu
su
tu
W plu *
0,200
0,200
219,95 kN
0,31 < 1
fy d
10
=
* mu
R a,Rd1
0,238
su
M * 10
Pd
Mc,Rd1 =
+3*
MEd1
Mc,Rd1
94,74 kNm
0,74 < 1
Top beam:
m1 =
m2 =
mo =
Ra,Rd2 =
s s2
h 1o
MIN(m1 ; m2 )
0,5 * s o * E s * f y *
Pd
abs ( MEd2 )
Mc,Rd2
so
+3*
W plo *
to
0,200
0,200
M * 10
145,85 kN
* mo
0,47 < 1
fy d
10
0,326
so
R a,Rd2
Mc,Rd2 =
to
0,62 < 1
35,56 kNm
Eurocode 3
Check web buckling for whole web:

Bottom beam:
Effective web width beff2 =
h u 2 + s s1 2
Effective web area A2 =
beff2 *
b eff2
10
Moment of inertia I2 =
Radius of gyration i2 =
Effective slenderness trans2 =
su
= 192,65 mm
=
100
( )
su
10
12
I2
0,441 cm4
0,188 cm
1,076
A2
hu
i 2 * 1 * 10
Apply strut curve c:

=
=
2 =
Rb,Rd2 =
0,49
0,5 * (1 + * (trans2 - 0,2) + trans2 )
1
+
12,52 cm
2 * A2 *
- trans2
1,294
0,4968
132,88 kN
fy d
10
Pd
R b,Rd2
0,51 < 1
Top beam:
Effective web width beff1 =
h o 2 + s s1 2
Effective web area A1 =
beff1 *
b eff1
10
Moment of inertia I1 =
Radius of gyration i1 =
Effective slenderness trans1 =
so
100
( )
so
10
12
I1
= 182,79 mm
=
9,69 cm
0,227 cm4
0,153 cm
1,253
A1
ho
i 1 * 1 * 10

=
=
1 =
0,49
0,5 * (1 + * (trans1 - 0,2) + trans1 )
1
+
- trans1
1,543
0,4093
Eurocode 3
1 * A1 *
Rb,Rd1 =
fy d
10
Pd
R b,Rd1
84,73 kN
0,80 < 1
Check web yield at load points:

Bottom beam:
hu
2
x,Ed2 =
MEd1 * 10 *
- tu
Iy u
161,25 kN/cm
201,80 kN/cm
10 * P d
z,Ed2 =
( s s1 + 2 * t u ) * s u
( ) ( )
x,Ed2
f yd
z,Ed2
f yd
x,Ed2 z,Ed2
*
f yd
f yd
0,75 < 1
Top beam:
ho
2
x,Ed1 =
-MEd2 * 10 *
- to
Iy o
136,67 kN/cm
201,76 kN/cm
10 * P d
z,Ed1 =
( s s2 + 2 * t o ) * s o
( ) ( )
x,Ed1
f yd
z,Ed1
f yd
x,Ed1 z,Ed1
*
f yd
f yd
0,70 < 1
Eurocode 3
Column base subject to compression und bending:
Msd
Ed
Nsd
Ed
l
d
e1
p
e1
b
e

Distance to edge of baseplate e =
Distance to edge of baseplate e1 =
45,00 mm
100,00 mm
Spacing of bolts p =
Width of baseplate b =
Length of baseplate a =
Plate thickness d =
Projection of plate l =
Weld thickness aw =
300,00 mm
500,00 mm
500,00 mm
30,00 mm
100,00 mm
10,00 mm
Projection of pad footing ar =

Depth of pad footing h =
as in L.3 (idR) Bearing plane factor j = 2/3
1000,00 mm
=
1400,00 mm
0,67
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
Moment of inertia Iy1 = TAB("steel/"Typ; Iy; Name=Profil)
=
=
=
HEB
HEB 300
25170,00 cm4
Flange width bf =
Flange thickness tf =
Column height ht =
300,00 mm
19,00 mm
300,00 mm
Mpl,y,Rd =
Npl,Rd =
TAB("steel/"Typ; Mplyd; Name=Profil)

TAB("steel/"Typ; Npld; Name=Profil)
=
=
418,00 kNm
3250,00 kN
Loads:
NEd =
MEd =
1000,00 kN
221,75 kNm
Eurocode 3

steel =
Es =
fy =
Concrete =
fck =
SC =
Bolt =
fu =
As =
SEL("Concrete/EC"; Name; )
TAB("Concrete/EC"; fck ; Name=Concrete)
=
=
=
=
=
Fe 430
210000,00 N/mm
275,00 N/mm
C30/37
30,00 N/mm
=
=
=
=
4.6
M 24
400,00 N/mm
3,53 cm
Mb =
c=
1,25
1,50
M0 =
1,10
Design:
m=
l - e - 0,8 * aw *
43,69 mm
leff1a =
MIN(4 * m + 1,25 * e; 2 * m + 0,625 * e + e1)

MIN(2 * m + 0,625 * e + 0,5 * p; e1 + 0,5 * p; b / 2)
215,51 mm
250,00 mm
215,51 mm
274,51 mm
leff2b =
MIN(leff1a; leff1b)
MIN( * 2 * m; * m + 2 * e1)
MIN( * m + p; p + 2 * e1)
437,26 mm
leff =
MIN(leff2a; leff2b; leff1)
215,51 mm
12,12*103 kNmm
45,00 mm
0,82 < 1
101,66 kN
1109,64 kN
376,47 kN
leff1b =
leff1 =
leff2a =
Beanspruchbarkeit der Lagerplatte auf der Seite der Zugstangen:

Mpl,1,Rd =
n=
1
4
* l eff *
( )
d
10
fy
M0 * 10
n
1,25 * m
Bt,Rd =
0,9 * fu *
As
Mb * 10
Full flange yield:

FT,Rd1 =
4*
Mpl,1,Rd
m
Bolt failure with flange yielding:

FT,Rd2 =
2 * Mpl,1,Rd + n * 2 * B t,Rd
m+ n
Bolt failure without flange yielding:

FT,Rd3 =
2 * Bt,Rd
203,32 kN
FT,Rd =
MIN(FT,Rd1; FT,Rd2; FT,Rd3)
203,32 kN
Eurocode 3
Effective compression area:

Limit pressure in the base plate:
a1 =
MIN(a + 2 * ar; 5 * a; a + h)
kj =
1900,00 mm
3,80
a1
a*b
fj =
j * kj *
Aeff =
10 *
c=
d*
x0 =
100 *
f ck
N Ed + F T,Rd
fj
f y * 10
3 * f j * M0
A eff
2 * c + bf
x0
tf + 2 * c
50,92 N/mm
236,32 cm
121,36 mm
43,54 mm
249,59 mm
342,02 kNm
318,32 kNm
0,17 < 1
Limit moment at column base:
ht
rc =
+c-
x0
2
F T,Rd * 10
MRd =
ht
2
+ 100 - e + Ae f f * 100 * f j * r c
10
Check permissible strength of column to bending and compression.:

MNy,Rd =
1,1 * Mpl,y,Rd * (1-
NEd
Npl,Rd
Analysis:
MAX(
MEd
MEd
MNy,Rd MRd
0,70 < 1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Sway frame with bracing out of plane of frame, plastic theory:
q
Hd
d
D
h
A
l
Frame width l =
Frame depth h =
Number of column nc =
Number of storeys ns =
8,00 m
6,00 m
2
1
Beam:
Profil Typ1 =
Selected Profil1=
Column height h1 =
Web thickness s1 =
Moment of inertia Iy1 =
Cross-sectional area A1 =
Moment of resistance Wy1=
Moment of resistance Wply1=
SEL("steel/"Typ1; Name; )
TAB("steel/"Typ1; h; Name=Profil1)
TAB("steel/"Typ1; s; Name=Profil1)
TAB("steel/"Typ1; Iy; Name=Profil1)
TAB("steel/"Typ1; A; Name=Profil1)
TAB("steel/"Typ1; Wy; Name=Profil1)
1,14 * Wy1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Column section:
Profil Typ2 =
Selected Profil2 =
Flange width b2 =
Column height h2 =
Web thickness s2 =
Moment of inertia Iz2 =
Moment of inertia It2 =
iy =
iz =
Moment of resistance Wely2 =
Moment of resistance Wply2 =
TAB("steel/"Typ2; b; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/"Typ2; Iz; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/"Typ2; IT; Name=Profil2)
10*TAB("steel/"Typ2; I; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/"Typ2; iy; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/"Typ2; iz; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/"Typ2;Wy; Name=Profil2)
1,25 * Wely2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
IPE
IPE 240
240,00 mm
6,20 mm
3890,00 cm4
39,10 cm
324,00 cm
369,36 cm
HEB
HEB 240
240,00 mm
240,00 mm
10,00 mm
11260,00 cm4
3920,00 cm4
103,00 cm4
486900,00 cm6
106,000 cm
10,30 cm
6,08 cm
938,00 cm
1172,50 cm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Loads:
Hd =
qd =
9,00 kN
9,00 kN/m

steel =
Es =
G=
fy =
=
(235 / fy)
M =
1 =
93,90 *
=
=
=
=
=
=
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
1,10
93,90
0,259
Frame classification as in 5.2.5.2.:

Frame sways
Iy 1 h
*
Iy 2 l
k=
Deflection at top of frame due to horizontal load:

H=
1,00 kN
( 100 * h ) * 10 2 * k + 1
12 * E s * Iy2
k*H
Sumtotal of vertical loads:

V=
qd * l
Bracing is restrained out of plane of frame
h * 100 H
0,446 cm
72,00 kN
0,054 < 0,1
Sway frame, plastic theory, restrained from moving out of plane.

Design with plastic theory
Imperfection:
0 =
1
200
kc =
MIN(
0,5 +
ks =
MIN(
0,2 +
=
Hd =
HEd =
0 * k c * k s
*V
Hd + Hd
1
nc
1
ns
0,005
; 1)
1,00
; 1)
1,00
=
=
=
0,0050
0,36 kN
9,36 kN
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Reactions at column bases:
Hl =
qd * l
4 * h *(2 * k+ 3 )
l
Vl =
qd *
MBl =
H2 =
-Hl * h
HEd / 2
V2 =
HEd *
MB2 =
H2 * h
h
l
Analysis of column
NEd =
Vl + V2
VEd =
Hl + H2
MD =
MBl - MB2
MC =
6,82 kN
36,00 kN
=
=
-40,92 kNm
4,68 kN
7,02 kN
28,08 kNm
=
=
=
43,02 kN
11,50 kN
-69,00 kNm
0,00 kNm
18,77 cm
7,29 cm
Buckling in the plane of frame as in section E:

kc =
k1 =
Iy2
h * 100
Iy1
1,5 *
l * 100
k2 =
2 =
1 =
0,0
1 (Hinge)
kc
kc + k1 + k2
0,72
Slenderness ratio as in Fig. E.2.1.:

l=
y =
trans,y =
3,2 * h
l
100 *
iy
y
1 *
h2
b2
186,41
1,99
1,00 < 1,2
Apply strut curve b:

=
A =
=
y =
0,34
1,000
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,y - 0,2) + trans,y)
1
+
19,20 m
- trans,y
2,784
0,2114
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Buckling outside the plane of frame

z=
100 *
h
iz
trans,z=
1 *
98,68
1,05

=
A =
=
0,49
1,000
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,z - 0,2) + trans,z)
z =
min =
- trans,z

=
My =
1,8 - 0,7 *
y =
trans,y * (2 * My - 4) +
ky =
1-
min * A 2 *
y * A2 * f y
W ply2 *
M * 10
C1 *
* E s * Iz2
2
( h * 100 ) * 10
As in Table: F.1.1
=
w =
k=
LT =
trans,LT =
W ely2
abs ( MD )
+ 100 * k y *

C1 =
Mcr =
W ply2 - W ely2
y * NEd
fy
0,5111
0,2114
0,00
1,80
fy
-0,546 < 0,9
1,004 < 1,5
0,37 < 1
M * 10
1,879
I
Iz2
( h * 100 ) * G * It2
2
94241,31 kNm
* E s * Iz2
0,00
1,00
1,00
LT
1
1,260
MIN( y; z)
NEd
E s W ply2
*
10 Mcr
* w
50,78
0,541
0,21
0,682
Apply strut curve a

=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,LT - 0,2) + trans,LT)
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
LT =
- trans,LT
M,LT =
LT =
1,8 - 0,7 *
0,15 * trans,z * M,LT - 0,15
k LT =
1-
LT * NEd
LT * A 2 * f y
NEd
z * A2 *
abs ( MD )
+ 100 * k LT *
fy
LT * W ply2 *
M * 10
fy
=
=
1,80
0,134 < 0,9
1,000 < 1,5
M * 10
fy
Av *
0,911
0,340 < 1
Section analysis at D:
Column:
Av =
1,04 * h2 * s2 / 10
Vpl,Rd =
=
2
3 * M * 10
VEd
Vpl,Rd
24,96 cm
307,86 kN
2264,55 kN
0,02
0,037 < 0,5
No interaction
Npl,Rd =
fy
M * 10
N Ed
n=
N pl,Rd
Mpl,y,Rd =
MNy,Rd =
MAX(
A2 *
W ply2 *
fy
M * 10
1,11 * Mpl,y,Rd * (1 - n)
abs ( MD ) abs ( MD )
Mpl,y,Rd
MNy,Rd
0,28 < 1
250,49 kNm
272,48 kNm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Beam:
Av =
1,04 * h1 * s1 / 10
Vpl,Rd =
fy
Av *
3 * M * 10
N Ed
Vpl,Rd
15,48 cm
190,93 kN
=
=
835,32 kN
0,014
0,225 < 0,5
No interaction
Npl,Rd =
n=
A1 * fy / 10 / M
VEd / Npl,Rd
Mpl,y,Rd =
W ply1 *
MNy,Rd =
MAX(
fy
M * 10
1,11 * Mpl,y,Rd * (1 - n)
Mpl,y,Rd
MNy,Rd
0,87 < 1
78,91 kNm
86,36 kNm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Frame, plastic with magnifying factor
Pd
Hd
Pd
d
D
h
A
l
Frame width l=
Frame depth h=
Number of column nc=
Number of storeys ns=
8,00 m
6,00 m
2
1
Beam:
Profil Typ1 =
Selected Profil1=
Column height h1 =
Flange thickness s1 =
1,14 * Wy1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Column section:
Profil Typ2 =
Selected Profil2 =
Flange width b2 =
Column height h2 =
Flange thickness s2 =
iy =
iz =
1,25 * Wely2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
IPE
IPE 240
240,00 mm
6,20 mm
3890,00 cm4
39,10 cm
324,00 cm
369,36 cm
HEB
HEB 240
240,00 mm
240,00 mm
10,00 mm
11260,00 cm4
3920,00 cm4
103,00 cm4
486900,00 cm6
106,000 cm
10,30 cm
6,08 cm
938,00 cm
1172,50 cm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Loads:
Hd =
qd =
Pd =
9,00 kN
8,00 kN/m
100,00 kN

Es =
G=
fy =
=
M =
1 =
235
fy
93,90 *
=
=
=
=
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
1,10
93,90

Frame sways
Classification of stiffness:
Iy 1 h
*
Iy 2 l
k=
0,259

H=
1,00 kN
( 100 * h ) * 10 2 * k + 1
12 * E s * Iy2
k*H

V=
Pd * 2 + qd * l
0,446 cm
264,00 kN
h * 100 H
0,1962 < 0,1
Frame, laterally unrestrained!;restrained from moving out of plane. mit Vergrerungsfaktor!

Design with plastic theory and magnifying factor
Imperfection:
0 =
1
200
kc =
MIN(
0,5 +
ks =
MIN(
0,2 +
=
Hd =
HEd =
0 * k c * k s
*V
Hd + Hd
1
nc
1
ns
0,005
; 1)
1,00
; 1)
1,00
=
=
=
0,0050
1,32 kN
10,32 kN
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Hl =
qd * l
4 * h *(2 * k+ 3 )
l
Vl =
qd *
MBl =
H2 =
-Hl * h
HEd / 2
V2 =
HEd *
MB2 =
H2 * h
h
l
6,06 kN
32,00 kN
=
=
-36,36 kNm
5,16 kN
7,74 kN
30,96 kNm
Analysis of column
Dischinger factor:
D=
1MD =
NEd =
VEd =
1,244
*
h * 100 H
MBl - D * MB2
V l + D * V2 + P d
Hl + D * H2
=
=
=
-74,87 kNm
141,63 kN
12,48 kN
18,77 cm
4,86 cm
Buckling in the plane of frame:

kc =
k1 =
Iy2
h * 100
Iy1
l * 100
k2 =
2 =
1 =
0,0
1 (Hinge)
kc
kc + k1 + k2

l=
0,92 * h
y =
trans,y =
100 *
l
iy
y
1 *
h2
b2
=
A =
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,y - 0,2) + trans,y)
0,79
5,52 m
53,59
0,57
1,00 < 1,2
0,34
1,000
0,725
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
y =
- trans,y
0,8525

z=
100 *
h
iz
trans,z=
1 *

=
A =
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,z - 0,2) + trans,z)
z =
min =
- trans,z

=
My =
1,8 - 0,7 *
y =
trans,y * (2 * My - 4) +
ky =
1-
min * A 2 *
fy
W ply2 - W ely2
W ely2
y * NEd
y * A2 * f y
abs ( MD )
+ 100 * k y *
W ply2 *
M * 10
98,68
1,05
0,49
1,000
1,260
0,5111
0,5111
0,00
1,80
0,022 < 0,9
1,000 < 1,5
0,42 < 1
MIN( y; z)
NEd
fy
M * 10

C1 =
1,879
Mcr =
C1 *
* E s * Iz2
2
( h * 100 ) * 10
As in Table: F.1.1
=
w =
k=
LT =
trans,LT =
Iz2
( h * 100 ) * G * It2
2
94241,31 kNm
* E s * Iz2
0,00
1,00
1,00
LT
1
E s W ply2
*
10 Mcr
* w
Apply strut curve a

=
50,78
0,541
0,21
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,LT - 0,2) + trans,LT)
LT =
- trans,LT
1,8 - 0,7 *
0,15 * trans,z * M,LT - 0,15
k LT =
1-
z * A2 *
fy
LT * NEd
LT * A 2 * f y
abs ( MD )
+ 100 * k LT *
LT * W ply2 *
M * 10
0,682
0,911
=
=
1,80
0,134 < 0,9
0,999 < 1,5
M,LT =
LT =
NEd
fy
0,450 < 1
M * 10
Column:
Av =
1,04 * h2 * s2 / 10
fy
Vpl,Rd =
Av *
3 * M * 10
VEd
Vpl,Rd
24,96 cm
307,86 kN
2264,55 kN
0,063
0,041 < 0,5
No interaction
A2 *
Npl,Rd =
M * 10
N Ed
n=
N pl,Rd
W ply2 *
Mpl,y,Rd =
MNy,Rd =
MAX(
fy
fy
M * 10
1,11 * Mpl,y,Rd * (1 - n)
Mpl,y,Rd
MNy,Rd
0,30 < 1
250,49 kNm
260,53 kNm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Beam:
Av =
1,04 * h1 * s1 / 10
Vpl,Rd =
Av *
3 * M * 10
N Ed
Vpl,Rd
No interaction
Npl,Rd =
n=
A1 * fy / 10 / M
VEd / Npl,Rd
Mpl,y,Rd =
W ply1 *
MNy,Rd =
MAX(
fy
Mpl,y,Rd
1,11 * Mpl,y,Rd * (1 - n)
;
MNy,Rd
190,93 kN
=
=
835,32 kN
0,015
0,742 < 0,5
fy
M * 10
15,48 cm
0,95 < 1
78,91 kNm
86,28 kNm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Sway frame with bracing out of plane of frame, plastic theory:
q
Hd
d
D
h
A
l
Frame width l=
Frame depth h=
Number of column nc=
Number of storeys ns=
8,00 m
6,00 m
2
1
Beam:
Profil Typ1 =
Selected Profil1=
Column height h1 =
Web thickness s1 =
1,14 * Wy1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Column section:
Profil Typ2 =
Selected Profil2 =
Flange width b2 =
Column height h2 =
Web thickness s2 =
iy =
iz =
1,25 * Wely2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
IPE
IPE 240
240,00 mm
6,20 mm
3890,00 cm4
39,10 cm
324,00 cm
369,36 cm
HEB
HEB 240
240,00 mm
240,00 mm
10,00 mm
11260,00 cm4
3920,00 cm4
103,00 cm4
486900,00 cm6
106,000 cm
10,30 cm
6,08 cm
938,00 cm
1172,50 cm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Loads:
Hd =
qd =
9,00 kN
9,00 kN/m

steel =
Es =
G=
fy =
=
M =
1 =
235
fy
93,90 *
=
=
=
=
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
1,10
93,90

Frame sways
k=
Iy 1 h
*
Iy 2 l

H=
0,259
1,00 kN
( 100 * h ) * 10 2 * k + 1
*
12 * E s * Iy2
k*H

V=
qd * l
=
V
*
=
0,0535 < 0,1
h * 100 H
Sway frame, plastic theory;restrained from moving out of plane.
Design with plastic theory and magnifying factor
Imperfection:
1
0 =
200
kc =
MIN(
0,5 +
ks =
MIN(
0,2 +
=
Hd =
HEd =
0 * k c * k s
*V
Hd + Hd
1
nc
1
ns
0,446 cm
72,00 kN
0,005
; 1)
1,00
; 1)
1,00
=
=
=
0,0050
0,36 kN
9,36 kN
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Hl =
Vl =
MBl =
H2 =
V2 =
MB2 =
qd * l
4 * h *(2 * k + 3 )
l
qd *
2
-Hl * h
HEd / 2
h
HEd *
l
H2 * h
Analysis of column
NEd =
Vl + V2
VEd =
Hl + H2
Dischingerfaktor:
1
D=
V
1*
h * 100 H
MD =
MBl - D * MB2
Iy2
kc =
h * 100
Iy1
k1 =
l * 100
k2 =
2 =
kc
1 =
kc + k1 + k2
trans,y =
100 *
l
iy
y
1 *
h2
b2
=
A =
=
0,5*(1+*(trans,y-0,2)+trans,y)
y =
1
+
- trans,y
6,82 kN
36,00 kN
=
=
-40,92 kNm
4,68 kN
7,02 kN
28,08 kNm
=
=
43,02 kN
11,50 kN
1,057
-70,60 kNm
18,77 cm
4,86 cm
0,0
1 (Hinge)

l=
0,92 * h
y =
0,79
5,52 m
53,59
0,57
1,00 < 1,2
0,34
1,000
0,725
0,8525
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames

z=
100 *
trans,z=
h
iz
z
1 *

=
A =
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,z - 0,2) + trans,z)
z =
min =
- trans,z

=
0,00
My =
1,8 - 0,7 *
y =
trans,y * (2 * My - 4) +
ky =
1-
min * A 2 *
W ely2
y * A 2 * fy
abs ( M D )
+ 100 * k y *
W ply2 *
M * 10

C1 =
1,879
2
Mcr =
W ply2 - W ely2
y * N Ed
fy
* E s * I z2
C1 *
98,68
1,05
0,49
1,000
1,260
0,5111
0,5111
1,80
0,022 < 0,9
1,000 < 1,5
MIN( y; z)
N Ed
( h * 100 ) * 10
fy
0,32 < 1
M * 10
I ( h * 100 ) * G * I t2
+
2
I z2
* E s * I z2
94241,31 kNm
As in Table: F.1.1
=
0,00
w =
1,00
k=
1,00
LT =
trans,LT =
LT
1
E s W ply2
*
10 M cr
* w
Apply strut curve a

=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,LT - 0,2) + trans,LT)
50,78
0,541
0,21
=
0,682
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
LT =
M,LT =
LT =
- trans,LT
N Ed
abs ( M D )
+ 100 * k LT *
fy
LT * W ply2 *
M * 10
0,911
=
=
1,80
0,134 < 0,9
1,000 < 1,5
1,8 - 0,7 *
0,15 * trans,z * M,LT - 0,15
LT * N Ed
1 LT * A 2 * fy
k LT =
z * A 2 *
fy
0,347 < 1
M * 10
Column:
Av =
1,04 * h2 * s2 / 10
Vpl,Rd =
fy
Av *
3 * M * 10
VEd
Vpl,Rd
24,96 cm
307,86 kN
2264,55 kN
0,02
0,037 < 0,5
No interaction
Npl,Rd =
A2 *
fy
M * 10
N Ed
n=
N pl,Rd
Mpl,y,Rd = W ply2 *
MNy,Rd =
MAX(
fy
M * 10
1,11 * Mpl,y,Rd * (1 - n)
Mpl,y,Rd
MNy,Rd
0,28 < 1
250,49 kNm
272,48 kNm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Frames
Beam:
Av =
Vpl,Rd =
1,04 * h1 * s1 / 10
fy
15,48 cm
190,93 kN
A1 * fy / 10 / M
VEd / Npl,Rd
fy
Mpl,y,Rd = W ply1 *
3
M * 10
=
=
835,32 kN
0,014
78,91 kNm
MNy,Rd =
86,36 kNm
Av *
3 * M * 10
N Ed
Vpl,Rd
0,225 < 0,5
No interaction
Npl,Rd =
n=
MAX(
1,11 * Mpl,y,Rd * (1 - n)
Mpl,y,Rd
MNy,Rd
0,89 < 1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Single-span beam
Pos.: Flexural-torsional buckling of a single-span beam:

End supports are laterally fixed.
qd
bo
to
s
h
ts
tu
bu
Load diagram:
Span length l =
top width bo =
bottom width bu =
Depth of web h=
top Flange thickness to =
bottom Flange thickness tu =
Web thickness s=
Weld thickness ts=
Loads:
q=
24,00 m
40,00 cm
50,00 cm
100,00 cm
3,50 cm
3,50 cm
2,00 cm
1,00 cm
4,04 kN/m

Es=
G=
fy=
=
235
fy

M=
g=
2
x=
xs =
Fe 510
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
355,00 N/mm
0,81
1,10
1,35
Section classification as in Table 5.3.1:

A=
(bo * to + bu * tu + h * s)
Plastic neutral axis:
=
=
=
=
515,00 cm
58,75 cm
41,25 cm
- bo * to
s
h-x
Eurocode 3
Flange:
bo - s
- ts * 2
2
c=
to
c
9*
5,02 cm
0,69 < 1
0,59 cm
0,90 < 1
1,04 > 1
Section class 1
Web:
=
s * 456 *
s * 396 *
x
h
h
13 * - 1
h
13 * - 1
Section class 2
Check bending moment strength:
MEd =
g *
q*l
392,69 kNm
55125,00 cm4
Critical torsional-buckling moment:

Iz=
to *
bo
12
+ tu *
bu
12
As in Table: F.1.2(2)
k=
As in Table: F.1.1(4)
k w=
As in Table: F.1.2
C1 =
C2 =
C3 =
b u * t u * ( h + t o )+ h * s *
e=
1,00
1,00
1,132
0,459
0,525
( h + to )
2
55,27 cm
Eurocode 3

s s=
z s=
It=
to + tu
h+
bu
bo + bu
-(s s - e)
1
3
* (bu * tu + bo * to + h * s)
za=
z g = z a -z s
as in F 1.4:
-13,18 cm
1552,92 cm4
0,00 cm
13,18 cm
0,339 < 0,5
to + tu
h+
Iw=
bo + bu
zj =
68,45 cm
bo
f=
(2 * f - 1) *
f * (1 - f) * Iz * h +
to + tu
2
-16,66 cm
132,32*106 cm6
* E s * Iz
P1 =
C1 *
P2 =
P3 =
( k * l * 100 )
k
kw
P2 - P3
10
W pl =
trans,LT=
bu * tu * (x s +
tu
2
) + xs *
s
2
+ bo * to * (x +
to
2
) + x *
Mb,Rd =
Mb,Rd
14,80
10
21148,13 cm
- trans,LT
w * LT * W pl *
2,046
0,49
3,05
0,1883
1168,33 kNm
* Mcr
1
+
1793,16 kNm
fy
w * W pl *
fy
2
M * 10
MEd
94,66
1,00
As in Table 5.5.1 =
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans,LT-0,2) + trans,LT)
LT =
Section class 2 w=
22453,85
Iw ( k * l * 100 ) * G * It
2
+ ( C 2 * zg - C 3 * zj )
* +
2
Iz
* E s * Iz
C2 * zg - C3 * zj
Mcr= P 1 *
0,34 < 1
Eurocode 3
Pos.: Single-span beam with biaxial bending:
qd
qd
Nt,d
Span length l =
Angle of slope =
5,80 m
8,53
Loads:
qd =
Nt,d=
7,00 kN/m
100,00 kN

Es=
fy=
=
235
platischer Formbeiwert ply =

platischer Formbeiwert plz =
M=
Column height h =
Depth of web h1 =
Web thickness s =
Flange width b =
Cross-sectional area A=
W ely=
W ply =
W elz=
W plz =
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
fy
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
=
=
=
1,00
1,14
1,25
1,10
=
=
ply * Wely
plz * Welz
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
HEA
HEA 140
133,00 mm
92,00 mm
5,50 mm
140,00 mm
8,50 mm
1030,00 cm4
31,40 cm
155,00 cm
176,70 cm
55,60 cm
69,50 cm
Eurocode 3
Design loads:
Plastic limit force:
fy
Npl,Rd =
A*
M * 10
670,82 kN
136,30 kN
Limit force that plasticizes the web

Npl,w,Rd =
fy
(h - 2 * t) * s *
M * 10
MAX(
Nt,d
Nt,d
0,5 * Npl,w,Rd 0,25 * Npl,Rd
1,47 > 1
Reduce plastic limit force as in 5.4.8.1:
A - 2*b*
=
t
100
A
N t,d
N pl,Rd
W ply *
MNy,Rd =
fy
M * 10
1-
1 - 0,5 *
MNz,Rd =
fy
W plz *
M * 10
0,242 < 0,5
0,149
36,55 kNm
0,62 < 1
14,85 kNm
Design momente:
qdy =
qdz =
qd * COS()
qd * SIN()
My,Ed =
qdy *
Mz,Ed =
qdz *
=
=
8
l
29,10 kNm
4,37 kNm
Check section strength:

for I-Profile gilt =
1=
2=
=
2,00
5*
MAX( 1 ; 2 )
( ) ( )
M y,Ed
M Ny,Rd
M z,Ed
M Nz,Rd
6,92 kN/m
1,04 kN/m
0,93 < 1
0,75 < 1
1,00
1,00
Eurocode 3
Pos.: flexural-torsional buckling:

End supports are laterally fixed, load is applied in the middle of the bottom flange.
b
qd
t
s
h
ts
t
Load diagram:
Span length l =
Beam width b=
Column height h=
Flange thickness t=
Web thickness s=
Weld thickness ts =
8,00 m
20,00 cm
50,00 cm
2,50 cm
1,20 cm
0,50 cm
Loads:
qd =
50,00 kN/m

Es=
G=
fy=
235
fy
=
=
=
=

M=
Fe 510
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
355,00 N/mm
0,81
1,10
Flange:
b
2
c=
- ts * 2
t
c
9*
Section class 1
Web:
d=
h - 2 * ts * 2
d
s * 72 *
Section class 1
3,72 cm
0,51 < 1
48,59 cm
0,69 < 1
Eurocode 3

W pl =
Mc,Rd =
b*t*
h
2
*s*
h
4
*2
W pl * f y
M * 10
MEd =
h+ t
qd * l
3375,00 cm
1089,20 kNm
400,00 kNm
60,00 cm
MEd
Mc,Rd
0,37 < 1
Check shear strength:

Av=
h*s
Vpl,Rd =
Av *
VEd =
qd *
fy
3 * M * 10
l
2
V Ed
V pl,Rd
1117,96 kN
200,00 kN
3333,33 cm4
0,18 < 1
Check torsional buckling strength:

Iz =
Iw =
It =
2*t*
Iz *
1
3
12
(h + t )
* (2 * b * t + h * s)
2,297*106 cm6
237,13 cm4
As in Table F.1.2(2) k=
As in Table F.1.1(4) kw=
1,00
1,00
As in Table F.1.2 C1=

1,13

Load is applied in centroid of section za=
Centroid of section and shear centre are identical zs =
Section is symmetrical zj=
0,53
z g=
0,46
-27,50 cm
0,00 cm
0,00 cm
z a-z s
-27,50 cm
Eurocode 3
Critical torsional-buckling moment

2
* E s * Iz
P1 =
C1 *
P2 =
( )
P3 =
( k * l * 100 )
k
kw
P2 - P3
10
Cross-section class 1 w=
trans,LT=
Mb,Rd =
MEd
Mb,Rd
51,27
-12,65
779,71 kNm
fy
w * W pl *
10
1,240
0,49
1,524
0,415
* Mcr
1
LT +
1,00

LT =
LT =
0,5*(1+ LT *(trans,LT-0,2)+trans,LT)
LT =
12198,18
Iw ( k * l * 100 ) * G * It
2
+ ( C 2 * zg - C 3 * zj )
* +
2
Iz
* E s * Iz
C2 * zg - C3 * zj
Mcr= P 1 *
- trans,LT
fy
w * LT * W pl *
3
M * 10
LT
0,88 < 1
452,02 kNm
Eurocode 3

End supports are laterally fixed, Load is applied in centroid of section.
b
qd
t
s
ts
t
Load diagram:
Span length l =
Beam width b=
Column height h=
Flange thickness t=
Web thickness s=
Weld thickness ts =
8,00 m
20,00 cm
50,00 cm
2,50 cm
1,20 cm
0,50 cm
Loads:
qd =
45,00 kN/m

Es=
G=
fy=
=
235
fy

M=
=
=
=
=
Fe 510
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
355,00 N/mm
0,81
1,10
Eurocode 3

Flange:
b
2
- ts * 2
c=
c
9*
3,72 cm
0,51 < 1
48,59 cm
0,69 < 1
3375,00 cm
1089,20 kNm
360,00 kNm
60,00 cm
Section class 1
Web:
h - 2 * ts * 2
d=
d
s * 72 *
Section class 1
W pl =
Mc,Rd =
b*t*
h
2
*s*
h
4
*2
W pl * f y
M * 10
MEd =
h+ t
qd * l
MEd
Mc,Rd
0,33 < 1

Av =
h*s
Vpl,Rd =
Av *
VEd =
qd *
V Ed
V pl,Rd
fy
3 * M * 10
l
2
=
0,16 < 1
1117,96 kN
180,00 kN
Eurocode 3
Iz =
2*t*
Iz *
Iw =
It =
12
(h + t )
3333,33 cm4
* (2 * b * t + h * s)
2,297*106 cm6
237,13 cm4
1,00
1,00

1,13

Load in centroid za=
0,53

0,00 cm
0,46
0,00 cm
0,00 cm
( )
k
kw
Mcr =
C1 *
* Es * Iz
( k * l * 10 )
2
trans,LT =
LT=
LT =
Mb,Rd =
Mb,Rd
Iz
( k * l * 10 )
2
* G * It
* Es * Iz
3
fy
w * W pl *
Mcr * 10
606,05 kNm
1,00
LT +
1,406
0,49
2
LT
w * LT * W pl *
- trans,LT
1,784
0,347
fy
M * 10
MEd
Iw
10
Cross-section class 1 w =
LT =
0,95 < 1
377,95 kNm
Eurocode 3

End supports are laterally fixed, Load is applied in centroid of section.
b
qd
t
s
ts
t
Load diagram:
Span length l =
Beam width b=
Column height h=
Flange thickness t=
Web thickness s=
Weld thickness ts =
8,00 m
20,00 cm
50,00 cm
2,50 cm
1,20 cm
0,50 cm
Loads:
qd =
36,00 kN/m

Es=
G=
fy=
=
235
fy

M=
=
=
=
=
=
Fe 510
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
355,00 N/mm
0,81
1,10
Eurocode 3

Flange:
b
2
- ts * 2
c=
c
9*
3,72 cm
0,51 < 1
48,59 cm
0,69 < 1
3375,00 cm
1089,20 kNm
288,00 kNm
Section class 1
Web:
h - 2 * ts * 2
d=
d
s * 72 *
Section class 1
W pl =
Mc,Rd =
b*t*
h
2
*s*
h
4
*2
W pl * f y
M * 10
MEd =
h+ t
qd * l
MEd
Mc,Rd
0,26 < 1

Av= h*s
Vpl,Rd =
Av *
VEd =
qd *
VEd
Vpl,Rd
fy
3 * M * 10
l
2
=
0,13 < 1
60,00 cm
1117,96 kN
144,00 kN
Eurocode 3

Iz =
Iw =
It =
2*t*
Iz *
1
3
12
(h + t )
3333,33 cm4
* (2 * b * t + h * s)
2,297*106 cm6
237,13 cm4
1,00
1,00

1,13

Load in centroid za=
0,53
0,46
27,50 cm

z g=
z a-z s
0,00 cm
0,00 cm
=
27,50 cm

2
* E s * Iz
P1 =
C1 *
P2 =
( )
P3 =
( k * l * 100 )
k
kw
P2 - P3
10
trans,LT=
MEd
Mb,Rd
51,27
12,65
fy
w * W pl *
1,595
0,49
2,114
0,286
10 * Mcr
1
LT +
471,09 kNm
1,00

LT =
LT =
Mb,Rd =
Cross-section class 1 w=
LT =
12198,18
Iw ( k * l * 100 ) * G * It
2
+ ( C 2 * zg - C 3 * zj )
* +
2
Iz
* E s * Iz
C2 *z g -C3 *z j
Mcr= P 1 *
- trans,LT
fy
w * LT * W pl *
3
M * 10
LT
0,92 < 1
311,51 kNm
Eurocode 3
Pos.: Single-span beam subject to flexural-torsional buckling with uniform load and
compression:
qd
Nt,d
Load diagram:
Span length l =
top Flange width bo =
bottom Flange width bu =
Depth of web h=
Web thickness s=
Weld thickness ts=
24,00 m
40,00 cm
50,00 cm
100,00 cm
3,50 cm
3,50 cm
2,00 cm
1,00 cm
Loads:
qd =
Nt,d=
18,00 kN/m
500,00 kN

steel =
Es=
G=
fy=
=
M=
g=
235
=
=
=
=
=
fy
Fe 510
210000,00 N/mm
81000,00 N/mm
355,00 N/mm
0,81
1,10
1,35
A=
(bo * to + bu * tu + h * s)
b u * t u * ( h + t o )+ h * s *
e=
515,00 cm
55,27 cm
68,45 cm
( h + to )
2
s s=
h+
to + tu
2
bu
3
bo + bu
Eurocode 3
A
2
- ( bo * to )
x=
58,75 cm
5,02 cm
0,69 < 1
0,59 cm
0,90 < 1
1,04 > 1

Flange:
bo - s
- ts * 2
2
c=
to
c
9*
Section class 1
Web:
h
h
s * 456 *
s * 396 *
13 * - 1
h
13 * - 1
Section class 2
MEd =
qd * l
8
bo
+ tu *
bu
1296,00 kNm
55125,00 cm4
Iz=
to *
Iy =
bo *to *e+bu *tu *(h+tu -e)+s*h/12+h*s*(e-(h/2+tu /2))
12
12
Iy =
bo *to *e+bu *tu *(h+tu -e)+s*
W com =
Iy / (e + to / 2)
12
( ( ))
+h*s* e -
h
2
tu
2
= 1003886,210 cm4
2
= 1003886,210 cm4
=
17605,86 cm
Eurocode 3
Effective bending moment:
qd * l
MEd =
1296,00 kNm
Assumption as in 5.5.3 vec =
MEd * 100
com,Ed =
W com
0,80
- vec *
Nt,d
W com * com,Ed
Meff,Ed =
100
As in TableF.1.2(2) k =
As in TableF.1.1(4) kw =
As in Table: F.1.2
C1 =
C2 =
C3 =
z s = -(s s - e)
It=
za =
zg =
1
3
z a - zs
f=
1552,92 cm4
0,00 cm
13,18 cm
h+
Iw=
1,132
0,459
0,525
-13,18 cm
bo + bu
zj =
1158,47 kNm
1,00
1,00
* (bu * tu + bo * to + h * s)
bo
6,58 kN/cm
(2 * f - 1) *
0,339 < 0,5
to + tu
2
2
f * (1 - f) * Iz * h +
to + tu
2
-16,66 cm
132,32*106 cm6
* E s * Iz
P1 =
C1 *
P2 =
P3 =
( k * l * 100 )
k
kw
= 22453,85
2
2
Iw ( k * l * 100 ) * G * It
2
+ ( C 2 * zg - C 3 * zj )
* +
2
Iz
* E s * Iz
C2 * zg - C3 * zj
Mcr= P 1 *
P2 - P3
10
tu
2
Section class 2 w=
trans,LT=
94,66
14,80
W pl = bu * tu * (x +
) + x *
s
2
+ bo * to * (h-x +
to
2
) + (h-x) *
s
2
1793,16 kNm
= 21760,63 cm
1,00
fy
w * W pl *
10
=
* Mcr
2,076
Eurocode 3
As in Table 5.5.1 =
=
LT =
Mb,Rd =
0,5*(1+*(trans,LT-0,2)+trans,LT)
1
+
- trans,LT
w * LT * W pl *
M * 10
Meff,Ed
Mb,Rd
0,49
3,11
0,1843
1176,63 kNm
fy
2
0,98 < 1
Eurocode 3
Pos.: Single-span beam with cantilever, asymmetric section:
bo
to
qd
ts
tu
bu
Span length l =
Cantilever length lk=
top Flange width bo =
bottom Flange width bu =
Depth of web h =
Web thickness s =
Weld thickness ts =
10,50 m
5,00 m
50,00 cm
30,00 cm
2,00 cm
2,00 cm
60,00 cm
1,50 cm
0,80 cm
Dead weight g =
Live load q =
Snow load s0 =
26,00 kN/m
37,70 kN/m
7,00 kN/m
Loads:

Es=
fy=
=
235
fy
=
=
=
=

fg=
fq=
=
M=
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
1,35
1,50
0,90
1,10
Eurocode 3
Design loads:
qd1 =
qd2 =
qd =
fg * g + fq * q
fg * g + * fq * (q + s0 )
MAX(qd1 ; qd2 )
-q d *
MEdk=
lk
Br=
Bl =
Av=
qd
l
qd * lk
Bv - Br
(l + lk) * qd - Bv
MEdfield= A v *
91,65 kN/m
95,44 kN/m
95,44 kN/m
( l + lk )
Bv=
=
=
=
Av
qd * 2
-1193,00 kNm
1091,88 kN
=
=
=
477,20 kN
614,68 kN
387,44 kN
786,41 kNm
250,00 cm
16,67 cm

A=
(bo * to + bu * tu + h * s)
A
2
- bo * to
x=
W pl =
(bo *to *(x+
Mpl =
W pl *
to
2
)+0,5*s*x+bu *tu *(
tu
2
+(h-x))+0,5*s*(h-x))
fy
10
6043,33 cm
1420,18 kNm
Section classification Kragarm As in Table 5.3.1:

Bottom Flange:
bu - s
c=
- ts * 2
c
9 * tu *
13,12 cm
0,73 < 1
0,72
0,81 < 1
Web:
h-x
(
(
h
h - 2 * ts * 2
396 *
)
)
13 * - 1
Section class 1.
Eurocode 3

AV =
h*s
AV * f y
Vpl,Rd =
10 * 3 * M
VEd =
MAX(B l ; Br ;Av)
V Ed
V pl,Rd * 0,5
90,00 cm
1110,09 kN
614,68 kN
0,012
1275,58 kNm
23,12 cm
1,16 > 1
1,16 > 1
0,83 < 1
0,28 < 1
0,26 < 1
1,11 > 1
Mpl, reduced.
=
MV,Rd =
(1 - ) *
abs
2*
V Ed
V pl,Rd
( )
-1
Mpl
M
MEdk
MV,Rd
0,94 < 1
Section classification Feld As in Table 5.3.1:

top Flange:
c=
0,5 * (bo - s) - ts * 2
c / t o / (10 * )
c
t o * 10 *
c
t o * 14 *
Section class 3.
Web:
(
(
h - 2 * ts * 2
s
396 *
)
)
13 * - 1
Section class 1.
Check section strength:
abs ( MEdfield )
Mpl
0,61 < 1
Eurocode 3
Pos.: Analysis single-span beam:

qd
Pd
Nd
Load diagram:
Span length l =
6,00 m
Loads:
qd =
Nd =
Pd =
steel =
Es=
fy=
=
10,00 kN/m
273,00 kN
15,00 kN
235

M=
Plastic shape factor pll =
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
Column height h =
Depth of web h1 =
Web thickness s =
Flange width b =
Cross-sectional area A=
iy=
iz=
W el =
W pl =
=
=
=
=
fy
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
1,10
1,14
pll * Wel
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
IPE
IPE 300
300,00 mm
248,00 mm
7,10 mm
150,00 mm
10,70 mm
8360,00 cm4
53,800 cm
12,50 cm
3,35 cm
557,00 cm
634,98 cm
Eurocode 3

Web:
h1
s * 33 *
1,06 ~ 1
0,70 < 1
Section class 1.
Flange:
b
2 * t * 10 *
Section class 1.
MEd=
qd *
Mpl,y,Rd =
W pl *
+ Pd *
n=
A*
fy
M * 10
Nd
N pl,Rd
A - 2*b*
=
fy
M * 10
Npl,Rd =
67,50 kNm
135,65 kNm
1149,36 kN
0,238
0,403 < 0,5
t
10
Reduced limit moment due to tension force:

MN,y,Rd =
MEd
MN,y,Rd
Mpl,y,Rd *
1-n
1 - 0,5 *
=
0,52 1
129,45 kNm
Eurocode 3
Pd + q d * l
VEd=
Av=
2
1,04 * h *
Av *
Vpl,Rd =
s
10
fy
3 * M * 10
VEd
Vpl,Rd
37,50 kN
22,15 cm
273,20 kN
7,50 kN
48,00 < 1
0,14 < 1
Where max M occurs::
Pd
VS=
2
VS
0,5 * V pl,Rd
0,05 1
No interaction!
Check buckling strength:
y=
100 *
iy
trans,y=
*
z=
100 *
fy
l
iz
trans,z=
179,10
1,91
=
=
2,00 > 1,2

1,07 < 4
=
=
=
a
0,210
0,9205
Es
fy
h/b
t/10
Apply strut curve:
line =
=
y =
0,511
Es
SEL("steel/buck"; line; )
TAB("steel/buck"; ; line=line)
TAB("steel/buck"; ; =; q=trans,y)
Eurocode 3
Auxilliary values:
M=
1,30 Picture 5,5,3
y=
trans,y * (2 * M - 4) +
k y=
1Nd
y * A *
fy
M
+ 100 * k y *
W pl - W el
W el
y * Nd
y * A * fy
MEd
W pl *
fy
M
-0,575 < 0,9
1,013 < 1,5
0,076 < 1
Eurocode 3
Pos.: Single-span beam:
qd
Span length l =
7,50 m
Dead weight g =
Live load q =
Snow load s0 =
3,00 kN/m
5,00 kN/m
2,00 kN/m
Loads:

Es=
fy=
=
=
=
=
235
fy

fg=
fq=
=
Mo =
Design loads:
qd1 =
qd2 =
qd =
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
1,35
1,50
0,90
1,10
fg*g+ fq*q
fg*g+* fq*(q+s0 )
MAX(qd1 ;qd2 )
=
=
=
11,55 kN/m
13,50 kN/m
13,50 kN/m
94,92 kNm
=
SEL("steel/"Typ; Name; MplydMEd)
=
TAB("steel/"Typ; Mplyd; Name=Profil) =
IPE
IPE 270
107,00 kNm
Design moment:
MEd=
Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
with Mpl,yd =
MEd
Mpl,yd
qd * l
0,89 < 1
Eurocode 3
Column height h =
Depth of web h1 =
Web thickness s =
Flange width b =
=
=
=
=
=
=
270,00 mm
219,00 mm
6,60 mm
135,00 mm
10,20 mm
5790,00 cm4
Section classification as in Table 5.3.1:

Web:
h1
s
72 *
0,46 < 1
0,66 < 1
Flange:
b
2*t
10 *
Section class 1.
VEd =
0,5 * qd * l
Av =
1,04 * h * s / 100
Vpl,Rd =
Av *
=
=
fy
3 * Mo * 10
V Ed
V pl,Rd
Analysis working / servicing capacity as in Table 4.1:

qser =
g + * ( q + s0 )
max=
5
384
q ser * ( l * 100 )
E s * I * 10
100
0,22 1
9,30 kN/m
3,15 cm
1,05 1
250
2 =
2
l*
228,55 kN
max
l*
50,63 kN
18,53 cm
100
5
384
( q + s 0 ) * ( l * 100 )
E s * I * 10
=
300
0,95 1
2,37 cm
Eurocode 3
Folder : Trusses and lattice girders
Lattice girder with circular hollow sectionsn:
Profil 2
g
D2
V2
U3
U2
Profil 1
l0
Span length l0 =
1 =
2 =
h=
g=
e=
Weld thickness a =
Profil1:
dU =
tU =
AU =
Profil2:
d2 =
t2 =
A2 =
i2 =
e
250,00 cm
30,96
90,00
150,00 cm
2,00 cm
0,81 cm
3,00 mm
SEL("steel/CHS"; Name; )
TAB("steel/CHS"; d; Name=Profil1)
TAB("steel/CHS"; t; Name=Profil1)
TAB("steel/CHS"; A; Name=Profil1)
TAB("steel/CHS"; d; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/CHS"; t; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/CHS"; A; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/CHS"; i; Name=Profil2)

Es =
fy =
=
M =
1 =
235
fy
93,90 *
dU
h * 10
d2
CHS 114.3x5
114,30 mm
5,00 mm
17,20 cm
=
=
=
=
=
CHS 60.3x3
60,30 mm
3,00 mm
5,40 cm
2,03 cm
=
=
=
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
1,10
93,90
Member forces:
U2 =
U3 =
D2 =
V2 =
l 0 * 10
=
=
=
=
116,67
200,00
97,18
50,00
=
21,87 > 6
24,88 > 6
kN
kN
kN
kN
Eurocode 3
Member V2:
d2
t 2 * 50 *
0,40 < 1
Section class 1
Analysis of the members:
Member V2 :
Section class 1 A =
=
0,75*h/i2
trans =
1 *
Apply strut curve a

=
=
1
+
Nb,Rd =
0,590
0,21
0,5 * (1 + * (trans - 0,2) + trans)
1,00
55,42
V2
M * 10
=
Nb,Rd
0,715
0,8937
103,10 kN
- trans
fy
* A * A2 *
0,485 < 1
Member D2:
NRd =
A2 *
fy
M * 10
D2
N Rd
115,36 kN
0,842 < 1
Member U2;U3
NRd =
U3
N Rd
AU *
fy
M * 10
=
0,544 < 1
367,45 kN
Eurocode 3
Analysis of joint:
Check permissible stress As in Table: K.5
d2 / dU
d2 / dU
dU / tU
dU / tU
d2 / t2
d2 / t2
(t U + t 2 ) / g
Analysis as given in Table. K.6:
t2 / 2,5
tU / 25
=
MIN( 1 ; 2 )
30 /
e / (dU / 4)
Eccentricities can be neglected.
a / (MIN(t U; t2 ) )
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0,528 < 1
0,528 > 1
22,860 > 10
22,860 < 50
20,100 > 10
20,100 < 50
4,000 < 1
=
=
=
=
=
1,200 >
0,200 <
30,960
0,969 <
0,028 <
1
1
1
1
1,000 > 0,84
Calculate maximum stress As in Table K.6

Collapse of top chord:
dU
=
10 *
2 * tU
g
tU
kg =
0,2
kp =
=
N1,Rd =
N2,Rd =
V2
N2,Rd
1 + 0,024 *
1 + 2,7183
1,2
g
0,5 * 10 *
tU
- 1,33
d2
kg * kp * fy * tU
( 1 - ) * sin ( 1 )
sin ( 2 )
11,43
4,00
1,874
1,00 (tension)
=
dU
sin ( 1 )
* 1,8 + 10,2 *
d2
dU
1,1
M * 10
* N1,Rd
0,528
= 325,61 kN
= 167,51 kN
0,30 < 1
Eurocode 3
Collapse due to punching shear:aus Pos. :
d2
dU - 2 * tU
Ni1,Rd =
fy
* t2 * * d2 *
1 + sin ( 1 )
2 * sin ( 1 )
M * 10
D2 / Ni1,Rd
Ni1,Rd =
* t2 * * d2 *
1 + sin ( 2 )
2 * sin ( 2 )
= 220,62 kN
fy
V2 / Ni1,Rd
1,1
0,44 < 1
1,1
0,58 < 1
M * 10
=
0,65 < 1
77,11 kN
Eurocode 3
Truss joint with rectangular hollow sections:

d2
d2
t2
t2
Profil 2
2
t1
Profil 1
Span length l2 =
Projection length ov=
1 =
2 =
e=
Weld thickness a =
d1
200,00 cm
40,00 %
50,00
50,00
-2,00 cm
3,50 mm
Profil1:
d1 =
t1 =
A1 =
SEL("steel/SHS"; Name; )
TAB("steel/SHS"; a; Name=Profil1)
TAB("steel/SHS"; t; Name=Profil1)
TAB("steel/SHS"; A; Name=Profil1)
=
=
=
=
SHS 100x4
100,00 mm
4,00 mm
15,20 cm
Profil2:
d2 =
t2 =
A2 =
i2 =
SEL("steel/SHS"; Name; )
TAB("steel/SHS"; a; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/SHS"; t; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/SHS"; A; Name=Profil2)
TAB("steel/SHS"; i; Name=Profil2)
=
=
=
=
=
SHS 60x4
60,00 mm
4,00 mm
8,79 cm
2,27 cm
=
=
=
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm

Es =
fy =
=
M =
1 =
235
fy
93,90 *
Member forces:
Ul =
Ur =
Dl =
Dr =
1,00
1,10
93,90
250,00 kN
150,00 kN
77,80 kN (compression)
77,80 kN
Eurocode 3
Member Dl:
d2
t 2 * 33 *
0,45 < 1
Section class 1
Analysis of the members:
Member V2:
=
0,75 *
l2
i2
section class 1 A =
trans =
1,00
* A
Knickspannungslinie a
=
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans - 0,2) + trans)
+
Nb,Rd =
66,08
Dl
10 * M
=
N b,Rd
0,70
0,21
0,797
0,8489
159,412 kN
- trans
fy
* A * A2 *
0,488 < 1
Member Dr:
NRd =
A2 *
fy
10 * M
Dr
N Rd
187,786 kN
0,414 < 1
Member U2;U3
NRd =
Ul
N Rd
A1 *
fy
10 * M
=
0,770 < 1
324,727 kN
Eurocode 3
Analysis of joint:
Check permissible stress as in Table: K.14
d2
d1
d2
t 2 * 1,1 *
d1
t1
ov
100
25
ov
Analysis as given in Table. K.12:
t2 / 2,5
t2 / 25
=
MIN( 1 ; 2 )
30 /
e
-d 1 * 0,55
Eccentricities can be neglected.
a / MIN(t 1 ; t2 )
Calculate maximum stress As in Table K.14
Only the overlapping diagonals will be analysed:
t1 t2
* *d
d1 t1 2
beff =
beff / (MIN(d1 ; d2 )/10)

t2
be,ov =
t1
*
d 2 t2
* d2
be,ov / (MIN(d1 ; d2 )/10)

kn=
so da
ov
50
25
ov
fy
10
N2,Rd
0,456 < 1 (compression)
fy
t2
Dr
0,60 > 0,25
Es
d2
N2,Rd =
* t2 *
ov 2 * d 2 - 4 * t 2
+ b eff + b e,ov
*
50
10
=
15,000 < 35 (tension)
25,000 < 35 (tension)
0,400 < 1
0,625 < 1
=
=
=
=
1,600 > 1
0,160 < 1
50,000
0,600 < 1
0,036 < 1
0,875 > 0,84
2,40 cm
0,40 < 1
4,00 cm
0,67 < 1
1,00 (tension)
0,800 < 1
0,625 < 1
0,562 < 1
138,368 kN
Eurocode 3
Roof truss:
w sd
ly
A
b*l
lx
a*l
sd

Span width lx =
Span length ly =
Number of spans in X a =
Number of spans in Y b =
Truss depth h =
3,00 m
5,00 m
10
10
2,00 m
section for chords:

Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
=
=
=
steel =
Es =
=
=
Loads:
wEd =
vEd =
2,00 kN/m
5,00 kN/m
HEA
HEA 140
31,40 cm
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
Eurocode 3
Design loads:
v Ed *
MEd =
( a * lx )
562,50 kNm
281,25 kN
1546,88 kN
0,62
1,00
0,62 < 1
3,72 cm
1,20 cm
0,70 kN/m
2,70 kN/m
8,24*1010 kNcm
Compression force in the top chord:
MEd
N=
Total compression force / Stabiilising force:
a+ 1
Nges =
*N
Imperfection:
k r1 =
k r2 =
kr =
0,2 +
( )
a+ 1
2
MIN(k r1 ; k r2 )
e0 =
kr * a *
lx
5
Equivalent load instead of buckling:

q =
a*
lx
25
Nges
q=
60 * a * l x
hEd =
* (k r + 0,2)
wEd + q
Check deformation q:
E'Ieff =
10 * Es * 0,5 * A * ly
Deformation in the middle of truss:
q1 =
5
384
* h Ed *
(a * lx )
E'I e f f * 10
-6
q1
q
With it the acceptance, that q l / 2500 properly.
It can be calculated with hsd.
0,35 cm
0,29 < 1
Eurocode 3
Vertical bracing Non sway frame:

H
P
d
P
d
P
d
ly
b*l y

Frame width ly =
6,00 m
Number of frames b =
Frame depth h =
Angle of bracing =
()
5
5,00 m
atan
ly
Number of bracings n =
Number of storeys ns =
39,81
1
1
Number of column nc =
b+1
=
6
Diagonalen wirken auf Zug und auf Druck, Or else sd=1
sd =
2
Profil Typ1 =
Selected Profil1 =
=
=
=
IPE
IPE 200
1940,00 cm4
Profil Typ2 =
Selected Profil2 =
Flange width bt =
Column height ht =
Cross-sectional area At =
iy =
iz =
TAB("steel/"Typ2; t; Name=Profil2)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
HEA
HEA 180
180,00 mm
171,00 mm
9,50 mm
2510,00 cm4
45,300 cm
7,45 cm
4,52 cm
ProfilR:
d=
tr =
Ar =
ir =
TAB("steel/CHS"; d; Name=ProfilR)
TAB("steel/CHS"; t; Name=ProfilR)
TAB("steel/CHS"; A; Name=ProfilR)
TAB("steel/CHS"; i; Name=ProfilR)
=
=
=
=
=
h 2 + ly 2
Span length lr =
CHS 168.3x6
168,30 mm
6,00 mm
30,60 cm
5,74 cm
7,81 m
Eurocode 3
Loads:
Hd =
Pd =
80,00 kN
300,00 kN

steel =
Es =
fy =
=
M =
1 =
235
=
=
=
Fe 360
210000,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
1,00
93,90 *
1,10
93,90
Iy 1 h
*
Iy 2 l y
fy
Check swaying:
k=
0,644

H=
1,00 kN
3
( 100 * h ) * 10 2 * k + 1
F =
12 * E s * Iy2
*H
0,702 cm
485,6*103 kN
Shear strength:
Sv =
* n * Es * Ar * h *
10
w =
ly
lr
H*
h
Sv
2
3
* 100
Deflection at top of frame:

H=
1,00 kN
tot =
1,03*10-3 cm
1,028*10-3 cm
+
F w
Reduction due to bracing:
( )
1-
tot
F
* 100
Non sway frame.
99,85 % > 80
Eurocode 3
Analysis of vertical bracing

Imperfection to 5.2.4.3:
0 =
200
k c1 =
k c2 =
kc =
0,5 +
1
nc
MIN(k c1; k c2)
k s1 =
k s2 =
ks =
=
Hd =
HEd =
0,2 +
1
ns
MIN(k s1; k s2)

0 * k c * k s
* Pd * (b + 1)
Hd + Hd
0,005
0,82
1,00
0,82
1,10
=
=
=
=
1,00
1,00
0,0041
7,38 kN
87,38 kN
w
h * 100
( b + 1 ) * Pd
0,004 < 0,1
restrained from moving out of plane.

Analysis of lacing angles:
Design compression load:
NEd =
HEd
2 * cos ( )
56,88 kN
Slenderness:
=
100 *
lr
ir
136,06
1,45
Effective slenderness:
trans =
1 *

=
A =
=
0,5 * (1 + * (trans - 0,2) + trans )
+
NRd =
N Ed
N Rd
0,21
1,000
- trans
fy
* A * Ar *
1,683
0,3941
257,63 kN
M * 10
=
0,221 < 1
Eurocode 3
Analysis of frame:
Column CD:
NEd =
HEd
Pd +
ly
336,41 kN

kc =
k1 =
Iy2
h * 100
Iy1
1,0 *
l y * 100
5,02 cm
3,23 cm
k2 =
2 =
1 =
0,0
1,0
kc
kc + k1 + k2

l=
h * 0,85
y =
trans =
100 *
l
iy
y
1 *
ht
bt
0,61
4,25 m
57,05
0,61
0,95 < 1,2

=
A =
=
y =
0,34
1,000
0,5 * (1 + * (trans - 0,2) + trans )
1
+
- trans
0,756
0,8315

y =
trans =
100 *
h
iz
y
1 *
110,62
1,18
Eurocode 3

=
A =
=
z =
0,49
1,000
0,5 * (1 + * (trans - 0,2) + trans )
1
+
- trans
min =
MIN( y; z)
NRd =
min * A * At *
N Ed
N Rd
1,436
0,4436
0,4436
429,30 kN
fy
M * 10
=
0,784 < 1
Eurocode 3
Folder : Welded connections
Angle gusset joint:
As demanded from EC3 6.6.2.2. b =
Weld length l =
Joint plate thickness d =
Weld thickness aw =
Angle section P =
Area of angle A =
Width of angle h =
steel =
fu =
fy =
w=
M0 =
Mw =
12,00 mm
100,00 mm
10,00 mm
4,00 mm
TAB("steel/WG"; A; Name=P)
TAB("steel/WG"; a; Name=P)
=
=
=
L 60x6
6,91 cm
60,00 mm
TAB("steel/EC"; w; Name=steel)
1,10
1,25
=
=
=
=
Fe 360
360,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
0,80
Plastic tension force:

NRdp =
2*A*
fy
M0 * 10
295,25 kN
Eurocode 3
Maximum strength of weld:

as in 6.6.5.2(2)
3 / aw
MIN(40; 6 * aw) / l
l / (150 * aw)
12 / b
Reduction factor
0,75 < 1
0,24 < 1
0,17 < 1
1,00 < 1
1,17
wl1 =
1,2 - 0,2 *
w =
l=
MIN(1; wl1)
w * l
Nw,Rd = 4 * l *aw *
150 * a w
fu
3 * w * Mw * 10
Maximum strength of gusset:

Assumption: Stress spreads at 30 angle in gusset:
d
A=
(2 * l * TAN(30) + h) *
100
NRd =
=
=
=
=
A*
fy
M0 * 10
Limit design force for tension :

MIN(NRd; Nw,Rd; NRdp)
=
=
1,00
100,00 mm
266,04 kN
17,55 cm
374,93 kN
266,04 kN
Eurocode 3
Welded beam splice
Plate thickness d1=
Plate thickness d2=
Plate width b1=
Plate thickness h2=
Weld length l1=
Weld length l2=
20,00 mm
8,00 mm
160,00 mm
280,00 mm
240,00 mm
200,00 mm
Welds
Weld thickness Flange awf =
Weld thickness Web aws =
lwf =
lws =
2 * l1
2 * l2 + h2
6,00 mm
4,00 mm
= 480,00 mm
= 680,00 mm
Profil: IPE 400

Profil Typ =
Selected Profil =
Column height h =
Web thickness s =
Flange width b =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
IPE
IPE 400
400,00 mm
8,60 mm
180,00 mm
13,50 mm
84,50 mm
W el =
W pl =

1,14* W el
=
=
1160,00 cm
1322,40 cm
Material and Partial safety factors:

steel =
fu =
fy =
w=
1,10
M0 =
1,25
M2 =
1,25
Mw =
=
=
=
=
Fe 360
360,00 N/mm
235,00 N/mm
0,80
Eurocode 3
Loads :
MEd =
VEd =
157,95 kNm
60,75 kN
Check beam:
Mc,Rd =
W pl * f y
M0 * 10
MEd
Mc,Rd
282,51 kNm
35,78 cm
0,56 < 1
h*s
Av =
1,04 *
Vpl,Rd =
Av *
100
fy
3 * M0 * 10
VEd
Vpl,Rd
441,32 kN
2926,93 cm4
0,14 < 1
Check welds in flanges:

2
Iw =
12
d2 * h2
10
2 * b1 * d1 *
If =
( )
10
Mw =
MEd *
Mf =
MEd *
h + d1
= 28224,00 cm4
Iw
Iw + If
If
Iw + If
Effective tension force in flange

Mf
NEd =
* 10
h + d1
14,84 kNm
143,11 kNm
340,74 kN
Limit shear stress of flange plates:

fv,wd =
fu
3 * w * Mw * 10
Design stress:
N Ed
fEd =
* 10
l wf * a wf
f Ed
f v ,wd
0,57 < 1
20,78 kN/cm
11,83 kN/cm
Eurocode 3
Change welds in web:

Centre of gravity
l2
2 * l 2 * * a ws
2
e=
l ws * a ws
h2
a ws *
12
+ 2 * l2 *
Ix =
10
2
h 2 * a ws * e +
()
h2
12
58,82 mm
3867,73 cm4
1192,16 cm4
23,42 kNm
* a ws
* a ws * l 2 + 2 * l 2 * a ws *
Iy =
10
( )
l2
2
-e
Design moment
MEw =
Mw + V Ed *
l2 - e
10
Maximum shear stress

fEx =
fEy =
10 * MEw *
fE =
fE
f v ,wd
4 * ( Ix + Iy )
100 * M Ew *
V Ed
l ws *
h2
a ws
3,24 kN/cm
5,50 kN/cm
6,38 kN/cm
l2 - e
10
2 * ( Ix + Iy )
100
fEx
+ f Ey
0,31 < 1
Eurocode 3
Beam with cover plates on flange:

b
bn
tb
e2 l
t
h
s
ts
t
Flange width b =
Depth of web h =
Web thickness s =
Plate thickness tb =
Weld thickness a =
Weld distance l =
16,00 cm
1,20 cm
34,00 cm
0,80 cm
0,80 cm
0,30 cm
9,50 cm
Loads:
MEd =
VEd =
241,90 kNm
97,50 kN
Materials and stresses

fy =
fu =
w=
=
235
W pl =
b*t*
Fe 360
235,00 N/mm
360,00 N/mm
0,80
fy
M =
Mw =
Design:
=
=
=
=
1,00
1,10
1,25
h+ t
2
Mpl =
0,001 * W pl *
Vpl,Rd =
h*s*
h
2
*s*
h
4
*2
fy
M
fy
3 * M * 10
907,04 cm
193,78 kNm
335,49 kN
-30,10 cm
Distance between cover plates:

M * 10 *
bn =
2 * tb *
M Ed
fy
h
2
- W pl
+ t+
tb
2
gew bn =
7,60 cm
Eurocode 3
W pl =
Mpl,Rd =
b*t*
h+ t
2
*s*
h
4
* 2 + 2 * tb *
h
2
+ t+
tb
2
* bn
fy
0,001 * W pl *
1133,22 cm
242,10 kNm
Analysis:
MEd
Mpl,Rd
V Ed
1
2
1,00 1
0,58 1
* V pl,Rd
Length e2 of weld:
3
Iy =
b * (h+ 2 * t ) -(b - s )* h
12
tb * b n *
T' =
fv,wd =
Fw,Rd =
e2 =
VEd *
F w,Rd
+ t+
tb
2
+ 2 * t b * bn *
h
2
+ t+
Iy
fu
3 * w * Mw * 10
0,2 * a * fv,wd
T'
F w,Rd
sel e2 =
T=
Fw,Rd =
Analysis:
T
tb
2
= 18726,53 cm4
0,59 kN/cm
20,78 kN/cm
1,25 kN/cm
0,47 cm
40,00 mm (Minimum allowed length)

T' * (e2 + l)
0,2*a*e2*fv,wd
=
=
0,59 1
29,20 kN
49,87 kN
Eurocode 3
Welded connection
Sd
Sd

Span length l =
Width b =
Web depth h =
Weld thickness aw =
200,00 mm
80,00 mm
140,00 mm
6,00 mm
Loads:
Sd =
100,00 kN

fu =
w=
Mw =
=
=
=
Fe 360
360,00 N/mm
0,80
1,25
Design:
Weld properties:
A=
0,02 * aw * ( b+h )
2 * b * aw *
Iy =
()
h
Iz =
()
b
26,40 cm
744,80 cm4
320,00 cm4
1064,80 cm4
100,00 kN
12
+ 2 * aw *
=
3
10
Ip =
+ 2 * aw *
10
2 * h * aw *
12
Iy +Iz
Design load in relation to the centroid of weld:

Sdz =
Sd
l
My,Ed =
Sd *
Mt,Ed =
Sd *
10
2000,00 kNcm
400,00 kNcm
b
20
Eurocode 3
Check stress at weakest point:

M y,Ed h
*
A =
Iy
20
1 =
2 =
res =
M t,Ed
Ip
M t,Ed
Ip
2
A
18,80 kN/cm
2,63 kN/cm
5,29 kN/cm
19,71 kN/cm
20,78 kN/cm
h
20
b
20
S dz
A
2
+ 1 + 2
Check weld strength:

Limit shear stress
fw,Rd =
res
f w,Rd
fu
3 * w * Mw * 10
=
0,95 < 1

Mnogo Zajebana Stvar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mnogo Zajebana Stvar

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mnogo Zajebana Stvar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Eurocode 3

Folder : Bolted connections

Bolted angilar connection:

Force per bolt:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Limit tension force of bolts:

Check limit shear force for bolts:

Analysis of bearing strength:

Fb2,Rd + (Fb1,Rd - Fb2,Rd ) *

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Bolted connection subject to bending

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Material and Partial safety factors:

Check beam-web strength without holes:

Check beam-web strength with holes:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Area of holes will be neglected.

Effective tension force in flange:

Limit shear force

Limit bearing force:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Analysis of bolts in web:

Analysis of cover plates:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Connection subject to moment load:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Analysis of the right bolt:

Limit bearing strength

Check bolts on left:

Maximum vertical force:

0,6 * fu,b2 * dl2 *

Analysis of bearing strength

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Bolted shear joint:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Check bolts strength:

Bolts in web of main beam Fv,Ed =

Bolts in web of connecting beam MEd =

Horizontal force due to MEd Fh,Ed =

Maximum bolt strength FEd =

Distributed shearing force on bolts Fv,Ed =

Limit strength and analysis of bolts:

Limit bearing strength

Bolts in web of connecting beam:

Pdf-Overview: Templates for Structural Engineering

Folder : Bolted connections

Limit bearing strength

Check angle section strength

Subtract bottom bolt holes.