04 - GTS300-Basic Tutorial 4
04 - GTS300-Basic Tutorial 4
04 - GTS300-Basic Tutorial 4
Starting GTS
Preview
Attribute / 4
2D Geometry Modeling
11
14
Size Control / 14
Map Mesh k-Edge Area / 18
Analysis
22
Load / 22
Supports / 24
Define Construction Stage / 25
Analysis Case / 28
Solve / 30
Post Processing, Result Display and Control
Displacement Contour / 32
Stress Contour / 35
31
In this tutorial we will model a two dimensional embankment and analyze with construction
stages. Then we will mesh the embankment with 4-node tetrahedral elements for analysis.
We will learn how to apply the load and how to define each construction stage. After
performing analysis, we will display the output in the form of p-q Diagrams and Stress
Contours. Finally, the analysis results will be verified using some of the unique post
processing features of GTS.
Starting GTS
Start the program.
1.
Run GTS.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click
button.
9.
button.
Preview
The following model will be used in this tutorial. The ground is formed with 3 different
layers of materials, and the embankment is split into 3 stages. Each ground material and
embankment stage will be grouped separately in different Mesh Set, to easily manage and
define construction stage. The geometric shape and mesh formation is as follows:
3@3m
12m
12m
39m
6m
2tonf/m
23m
25m
50m
100m
25m
Attribute Name(ID)
Material Name(ID)
Soil 1
Soil 1 (1)
Silt (1)
Soil 2
Soil 2 (2)
Clay (2)
Soil 3
Soil 3 (3)
Embank (4)
Sand (4)
Embank 1
Embank 2
Embank 3
GTS Basic Tutorial 4 - Table 1
Soil
Silt
Clay
Silty Sand
Sand
Type
MC
MC
MC
MC
1000
600
2000
3000
Poissons Ratio ()
0.35
0.35
0.3
0.3
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
Friction Angle ()
20
10
30
33
2.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
Attribute
We will now define the Attributes of the ground. In a two dimensional model, the type of
ground is always Plane.
be
the
1.
2.
Click
3.
Select Plane.
4.
Make sure that Attribute ID is 1 in the Add/Modify Solid Attribute dialog box.
5.
6.
7.
Attribute of ID 1 is Plane, and the ground material property is Soil 1. Plane Attribute does
not require to have Property, and only the type of Material needs to be defined.
8.
Enter 1 in ID.
9.
10. In the Add/Modify Ground Material dialog box select Mohr Coulomb in
Constitutive Model of Model Type.
11. Select
Color .
12. Enter 1000 in Material Parameters in Modulus of Elasticity (E).
13. Enter 0.35 in Poissons Ratio () in Material Parameters.
14. Enter 1.7 in Unit Weight () in Material Parameters.
15. Enter 1.8 in Unit Weight (Saturated) in Material Parameters.
16. Enter 2.0 in Cohesion (C) in Material Parameters.
17. Enter 20 in Material Parameters in Friction Angle ( ).
18. Enter 2.0 in Tensile Strength in Parameters of Constitutive Model.
19. Make sure that Drained is checked in Drainage Parameters.
20. Click
button.
21. Click
22. Make sure that Silt has been generated in Material in the Add/Modify Plane
Attribute dialog box.
23. Click
button.
24. Similarly, enter the Attributes for Soil 2, Soil 3 and Embank in Figures GTS Basic
Tutorial 4 6 ~ GTS Basic Tutorial 4 11. The values are given in GTS Basic
Tutorial Table 1 and Table 2.
10
2D Geometry Modeling
Rectangle, Polyline and Line
Draw outline of the model shape with Rectangle, Polyline and Line tools. First, full ground
model area will be created with the Rectangle tool.
1.
Select Geometry > Curve > Create on WP > Rectangle (Wire) in the Main Menu.
2.
3.
draw a rectangle by
entering two corners. For
detailed
information,
please refer to the Online
Manual.
4.
Make sure that it says Input One Corner in the Rectangle dialog box.
5.
6.
7.
Make sure that it says Input Diagonally Opposite Corner in the Rectangle dialog box.
8.
9.
10. Click
11. Click
button.
Zoom All in the View Point Toolbar.
12. Select Geometry > Curve > Create on WP > Polyline (Wire) in the Main Menu.
Not only Polyline but also
almost all the functions
for
creating
curves
support various methods
of entering coordinates,
such as ABS x,y and
REL dx, dy. For detailed
information, please refer
to the Online Manual.
13. Make sure that it says Input Start Location in the Polyline dialog box.
14. Make sure that the Method is set to ABS x, y.
15. Enter -25,0 in Location and press Enter key.
16. Make sure that it says Input Next Location (RB to Stop) in the Polyline dialog box.
17. Make sure that the Method is set to REL dx, dy.
18. Enter 13.5,9 in Location and press Enter key.
19. Enter 23,0 in Location and press Enter key.
20. Enter 13.5,-9 in Location and press Enter key.
21. Make sure that Make Face option is not checked.
22. Confirm that Polyline has been generated in the Work Window.
23. Click
button.
11
Draw Lines which represent the construction stages and multiple strata.
24. Select Geometry > Curve > Create on WP > Line in the Main Menu.
25. Make sure that it says Input Start Location in the Line dialog box.
26. Make sure that the Method is set to ABS x, y.
27. Enter -50,-24 in Location and press Enter key.
28. Make sure that it says Input End Location in the Line dialog box.
29. Make sure that the Method is set to REL x, y.
30. Enter 100,0 in Location and press Enter key.
31. Repeat Steps 25~30 to draw a Line from -50,-12 to 100,0.
32. Repeat Steps 25~30 to draw a Line from -25,3 to 50,0.
33. Repeat Steps 25~30 to draw a Line from -25,6 to 50,0.
34. Click
button.
12
Intersect
In order to generate the mesh properly, all the Edges must be broken at locations where
they intersect with the other Edges. After breaking the Edges using the Intersect tool, we
will delete the unnecessary Edges.
1.
2.
Select
3.
Select
4.
Click
5.
Click
6.
Select Edge A, B, C & D in the Work Window as shown in GTS Basic Tutorial 4 - 14.
7.
8.
Click
Edge A
Edge B
Edge D
Edge C
13
2D Mesh Generation
Size Control
We will specify proper mesh size on the Edges for Mapped Mesh Generation. In order to
obtain more accurate information, it is necessary to generate finer mesh around the
embankment. The mesh size will be specified prior to mesh generation.
1.
Select Mesh > Size Control > Along Edge in the Main Menu.
2.
In
4.
5.
Click
6.
Click
7.
In
9.
10. Click
11. Click
button.
14
J
L
D
N
The display can be set up to view the Seeding by selecting Mesh > Size Control > Display
Mesh Seed in the Main Menu. The Seeding can also be viewed as follows:
12. Select
14. Select
button.
Match Edge Seed function will duplicate mesh size information of the Edge(s) that were
previously seeded using the Size Control function. In order to copy the seeding information
at the top Edges to the bottom, we will use the Match Edge Seed function.
17. Select Mesh > Size Control > Match Edge Seeds in the Main Menu.
18. In
Tutorial 4 - 15.
19. In
15
25. Click
button.
The two unassigned source Edges (K and L) will be seeded with a Size of 4. We have earlier
checked on Re-assign Size Control for this very purpose. Since Edge D has already been
seeded previously, this seeding will not be applied to Edge D. Thus, all the three source
Edges (D, K and L) will be seeded. Projection function will be used to project the source
edge seeding to the target edge in the shortest direction.
Project
26. In
Tutorial 4 - 15.
27. In
Tutorial 4 - 15.
28. Select Projection in Match Method.
29. Click
(Preview) button to check if the seeding would be distributed correctly.
30. Click
16
button.
31. Select
button.
17
We will now generate a 2D Mesh using Mapped Mesh Generation. The k-Edge Area
function will fill the closed area with 2D elements, which are defined by boundary 2D
Edges.
1.
Select Mesh > Map Mesh > k-Edge Area in the Main Menu.
2.
3.
In
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click
8.
Click
9.
In
16. In
21. In
18
29. Click
button.
30. In
Tutorial 4 - 19.
31. Delete Embank 2 in Mesh Set and enter Embank 3.
32. Click
(Preview) button to check if the seeding would be distributed correctly.
33. Click
button.
Previously seeded Edges will not be affected by the size information that has been specified
during Mesh Generation.
C
P K
Q
J
L
D
N
S
T
U
GTS Basic Tutorial 4 - 19
19
As shown in the above figure, Mapped Mesh generates a better quality mesh. However, it
takes a longer amount of time to generate.
This step only shows the
In this model, the user also can generate a 2D Mesh using the Auto Mesh Generation
function, by selecting Mesh > Auto Mesh > Planar Area in the Main Menu. Using Auto
Mesh Planar Area, all areas defined by boundary Edges can be meshed automatically.
1.
Select Mesh > Auto Mesh > Planar Area in the Main Menu.
2.
In
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click
9.
Click
button, select
All created Mesh Sets have been assigned with Attribute ID 1. In order to perform the
correct analysis, the user should apply proper Attribute to each Mesh Set.
20
Since we will not be using all the Geometry entities any further, we will hide them.
1.
2.
3.
21
Analysis
Load
In this model, two load cases will be created. General self weight of the ground and uniform
Various load cases can
be defined in each
construction stage.
pressure load on top of the embankment will be applied. Since these two loads will be
induced at different construction stages, it is necessary to create separate load cases for each
load.
1.
Select Model > Load > Self Weight in the Main Menu.
2.
3.
4.
Invoke the Context Menu on Datum in the Works Tree by right-clicking the mouse.
5.
6.
Select
7.
8.
Select Model > Load > Pressure Load in the Main Menu.
12. In
dragging the mouse in the Work Window as shown in GTS Basic Tutorial 4 - 22.
13. Select Add in Mode.
14. Select Direction in Direction.
15. Click
button.
16. Select Datum Axis (A) in the Selection Filter of the Selection Toolbar.
button, select Datum > Z-Axis in the Works Tree.
17. In
Click
21. Click
22
23
Support
Define boundary conditions in this model. The bottom will be constrained with Hinge-type
supports, and the left and right side will be with Roller-type supports.
Boundary
condition
will be input based on
Global
Coordinate
System. Therefore, it is
recommended to turn
the GCS Triad on as a
visual reference
1.
Select
2.
Invoke the Context Menu by right-clicking the mouse in the Work Window.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
In
9.
Select UX in DOF.
10. Click
button.
button.
24
1.
Select Model > Construction Stage > Define Construction Stage in the Main Menu.
2.
Click
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
button.
button.
4.
Click
button.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click
button.
25
9.
Click
button.
button.
14. Click
On
26
button.
button.
19. Click
button.
button.
24. Click
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
GTS Basic Tutorial 4 24
27
Analysis Case
We will create an Analysis Case for performing analysis.
1.
2.
Click
button.
28
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click on
In Analysis Control, we will define specific options for the Construction Stage Analysis.
7.
Make sure that Initial Stage for Stress Analysis is checked in the Construction Stage
Tab of Analysis Control dialog box.
8.
9.
Select K0 Condition.
10. Click
button.
11. Click
12. Click
29
Solve
We will now perform analysis.
1.
2.
Click
All the messages during the analysis will be shown in the Output Window. Especially, one
needs to be very cautious about warning messages, because these messages indicate that the
analysis results may not be correct. The model is automatically saved before the analysis.
The result is saved as binary file(*.TA*) in the same folder as the model. The detail analysis
information is also saved in a text file(*.OUT).
30
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Invoke the Context Menu in the Work Window by right-clicking the mouse when no
entity is selected.
8.
9.
Invoke the Context Menu in the Work Window by right-clicking the mouse when no
entity is selected.
In order to have a clean view of results, it is better to hide all the load labels, boundary
labels and other symbols.
31
Displacement Contour
We will first check the displacements in the X-direction at the last stage.
1.
2.
Select CS : Basic Tutorial 4 > BT4 Stage 5-Last Step > Displacement > DX(V) in
the Works Tree.
3.
4.
5.
Make sure that Sensitive is checked on in the Output Set as shown in GTS Basic
6.
Tutorial 4 29.
Click
button.
32
We will now check the deformed shape in the Z-direction at the last stage.
When
button is
turned on, change in
any Post Data will be
automatically reflected
in the contour display.
7.
8.
9.
Click
button.
Unselect DX(V) and select DZ(V) in Deformation Data of the Post Data Toolbar.
10. Click
Another feature of GTS is the Toolbar provided for Post-Processing. By selecting the
Property Window in the Post-Processing mode toolbar, the various options can be identified
and modified.
33
34
Stress Contour
We will display the Stresses at the last stage. First, we will check the Sxx result of 2D
Elements. In addition, we will hide the Mesh Edges.
1.
Select CS : Basic Tutorial 4 > BT4 Stage 5-Last Step > Plane-Strain Stresses > LOPlstrn SXX in the Works Tree.
2.
Click
3.
Select Undeformed.
4.
5.
Click
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Click
35
We will now check the Szz result of 2D Elements at the last stage.
11. Select CS : Basic Tutorial 4 > BT4 Stage 5-Last Step > Plane-Strain Stresses > LOPlstrn SZZ in the Works Tree.
12. Select the Post Command Tab in the Tabbed Toolbar.
13. Click
36