Syllabus Math HL
Syllabus Math HL
Syllabus Math HL
17
1.1
Applications.
Sigma notation.
Further guidance
Content
The aim of this topic is to introduce students to some basic algebraic concepts and applications.
Syllabus content
Syllabus
Links
30 hours
18
1.3
1.2
Circular arrangements.
Not required:
Permutations where some objects are identical.
expansion of (a + b) n , n .
n
The ability to find and n Pr using both the
r
formula and technology is expected. Link to
5.4.
Change of base.
Further guidance
Content
Links
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Mathematics HL guide
1.5
Cartesian form z= a + ib .
1.4
Further guidance
Content
Links
Syllabus content
19
20
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
Further guidance
Content
Links
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
22 hours
2.1
Mathematics HL guide
Identity function.
Composite functions f g .
Links
Further guidance
Content
The aims of this topic are to explore the notion of function as a unifying theme in mathematics, and to apply functional methods to a variety of
mathematical situations. It is expected that extensive use will be made of technology in both the development and the application of this topic.
Syllabus content
21
22
2.4
2.3
2.2
ax + b
, and its
cx + d
graph.
y = f ( x) .
1
The graph of y =
given the graph of
f ( x)
y = f(x).
Content
Further guidance
Links
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Mathematics HL guide
2.6
2.5
The relationship between the degree of a
polynomial function and the possible numbers
of x-intercepts.
(1) n a0
.
an
an 1
,
an
the product is
the sum is
a x
n
r
=0,
Solving quadratic equations using the quadratic May be referred to as roots of equations or
formula.
zeros of functions.
Further guidance
Content
Links
Syllabus content
23
2.7
24
Solutions of g ( x) f ( x) .
Content
Further guidance
Links
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
22 hours
Mathematics HL guide
3.3
3.2
3.1
Not required:
Proof of compound angle identities.
0,
(continued)
Radian measure may be expressed as multiples Int: The origin of degrees in the mathematics
of , or decimals. Link with 6.2.
of Mesopotamia and why we use minutes and
seconds for time.
Links
Further guidance
Content
The aims of this topic are to explore the circular functions, to introduce some important trigonometric identities and to solve triangles using trigonometry.
.
On examination papers, radian measure should be assumed unless otherwise indicated, for example, by x sin x
Syllabus content
25
26
3.7
3.6
Applications.
Area of a triangle as
1
ab sin C .
2
Not required:
The general solution of trigonometric
equations.
Applications.
3.5
3.4
Content
Further guidance
Links
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
24 hours
4.1
Mathematics HL guide
magnitude of a vector, v ;
position vectors OA = a .
AB= b a
multiplication by a scalar, kv ;
v1
v = v2 =v1i + v2 j + v3 k .
v
3
Components of a vector:
Concept of a vector.
Content
magnitude of AB .
Further guidance
Links
The aim of this topic is to introduce the use of vectors in two and three dimensions, and to facilitate solving problems involving points, lines and planes.
Syllabus content
27
28
4.4
4.3
4.2
(kv ) w = k (v w ) ;
=
x x0 + l , =
y y0 + m , =
z z0 + n .
Points of intersection.
Parametric form:
x x0 y y0 z z0
.
= =
l
m
n
Cartesian form:
Links
v v =v .
u (v + w ) = u v + u w ;
v w = w v ;
Link to 3.6.
vw =
v w cos , where is the angle
between v and w .
Further guidance
Content
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Mathematics HL guide
4.7
4.6
4.5
Geometric interpretation of v w .
vv =
0.
(kv ) w = k (v w ) ;
u (v + w ) = u v + u w ;
v w = w v ;
Content
Link to 1.9.
vw =
v w sin n , where is the angle
between v and w and n is the unit normal
vector whose direction is given by the righthand screw rule.
Further guidance
Links
Syllabus content
29
30
36 hours
5.1
Not required:
Estimation of mean and variance of a
population from a sample.
i i
n
i
)2
=
n
i =1
f (x
i =1
fx
i =1
i i
fx
2
.
2
Further guidance
Content
Links
The aim of this topic is to introduce basic concepts. It may be considered as three parts: manipulation and presentation of statistical data (5.1), the laws of
probability (5.25.4), and random variables and their probability distributions (5.55.7). It is expected that most of the calculations required will be done on
a GDC. The emphasis is on understanding and interpreting the results obtained. Statistical tables will no longer be allowed in examinations.
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Mathematics HL guide
5.4
5.3
5.2
Content
Use of P( A B ) =
P( A)P( B ) to show
independence.
Further guidance
Links
Syllabus content
31
32
5.7
5.6
5.5
Normal distribution.
Not required:
Formal proof of means and variances.
Probabilities and values of the variable must be Appl: Chemistry SL/HL 6.2 (collision theory);
found using technology.
Psychology HL (descriptive statistics); Biology
SL/HL 1.1.3 (statistical analysis).
The standardized value (z) gives the number of
standard deviations from the mean.
Aim 8: Why might the misuse of the normal
distribution lead to dangerous inferences and
Link to 2.3.
conclusions?
Applications.
Links
Further guidance
Content
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
6.1
Mathematics HL guide
f ( x + h) f ( x )
.
h
Higher derivatives.
h 0
f ( x) = lim
sin
=1.
dy
and f ( x ) , for the
dx
d2 y
and f ( x) , for
dx 2
dn y
and
dx n
f ( n ) ( x) . Link with induction in 1.4.
first derivative.
Link to 1.1.
Further guidance
Content
48 hours
Links
The aim of this topic is to introduce students to the basic concepts and techniques of differential and integral calculus and their application.
Syllabus content
33
34
6.3
6.2
Not required:
Points of inflexion, where f ( x) is not
Optimization problems.
Implicit differentiation.
Links
Further guidance
Content
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Mathematics HL guide
6.5
Definite integrals.
Further guidance
6.4
Content
Links
Syllabus content
35
36
6.7
6.6
t2
ds
dv d 2 s
dv
,=
a = =
v .
2
dt
dt dt
ds
Examples:
2 x
x e
dx and e x sin x dx .
x sin x dx and ln x dx .
Link to 6.2.
Integration by parts.
Examples:
t1
v=
Further guidance
Integration by substitution
Content
Links
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
48 hours
Mathematics HL guide
7.2
7.1
Var(aX + b) =
a 2 Var( X ) .
x)t x .
P( X
=
E(aX +=
b) aE( X ) + b ,
=
G (t ) E(
=
tX )
Further guidance
Geometric distribution.
Content
Links
The aims of this option are to allow students the opportunity to approach statistics in a practical way; to demonstrate a good level of statistical
understanding; and to understand which situations apply and to interpret the given results. It is expected that GDCs will be used throughout this option, and
that the minimum requirement of a GDC will be to find probability distribution function (pdf), cumulative distribution function (cdf), inverse cumulative
distribution function, p-values and test statistics, including calculations for the following distributions: binomial, Poisson, normal and t. Students are
expected to set up the problem mathematically and then read the answers from the GDC, indicating this within their written answers. Calculator-specific or
brand-specific language should not be used within these explanations.
Syllabus content
37
38
7.4
7.3
i =1
S =
2
i =1
X =
(X
X)
n 1
Xi
.
n
2
Links
Further guidance
Content
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Mathematics HL guide
Significance level.
7.6
7.5
Appl: Geography.
Links
Further guidance
Content
Syllabus content
39
7.7
40
Cov( X , Y )
.
Var( X )Var(Y )
R=
i =1
i i
i =1
i =1
X Y nXY
X )(Yi Y )
X ) 2 (Yi Y ) 2
n 2
2
2
2
X i n X Yi nY
i =1
i =1
(X
(X
where
=
x E(
=
X ), y E(Y ) .
= E( XY ) x y ,
Further guidance
Content
(continued)
Links
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Further guidance
Mathematics HL guide
( xi x )( yi y )
i =1
xx =
(y y)
n
2
y
(
)
i
i =1
n
xi yi nx y
( y y ),
= i =1n
2
2
yi n y
i =1
( xi x )( yi y )
yy =
i =1 n
(x x )
2
( xi x )
i =1
n
xi yi n x y
= i =1n
( x x ).
2
2
xi n x
i =1
n2
has the students t-distribution with
1 R2
(n 2) degrees of freedom.
Informal interpretation of r, the observed value Values of r near 0 indicate a weak association
of R. Scatter diagrams.
between X and Y, and values near 1 indicate a
strong association.
Content
Links
Syllabus content
41
42
48 hours
8.3
8.2
8.1
Further guidance
Links
De Morgans laws: distributive, associative and Illustration of these laws using Venn diagrams. Appl: Logic, Boolean algebra, computer
commutative laws (for union and intersection).
circuits.
Students may be asked to prove that two sets are
the same by establishing that A B and B A .
Content
The aims of this option are to provide the opportunity to study some important mathematical concepts, and introduce the principles of proof through
abstract algebra.
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Mathematics HL guide
8.6
Binary operations.
8.5
8.4
Content
Both a a 1 =
e and a 1 a =
e must hold.
Further guidance
Links
Syllabus content
43
44
8.9
8.8
8.7
Generators.
Cyclic groups.
Examples of groups:
Abelian groups.
Content
is associative;
a b = b a , for all a, b G .
G is closed under ;
Links
Further guidance
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Mathematics HL guide
8.11
8.10
Further guidance
Lagranges theorem.
subgroup of {G , } if a b 1 H whenever
a, b H .
Content
Links
Syllabus content
45
8.12
46
Isomorphism of groups.
for all a G .
The homomorphism f : G H is an
isomorphism if f is bijective.
Further guidance
Content
Links
Syllabus content
Mathematics HL guide
Mathematics HL guide
9.2
Alternating series.
The p-series,
9.1
Further guidance
Content
48 hours
Links
The aims of this option are to introduce limit theorems and convergence of series, and to use calculus results to solve differential equations.
Syllabus content
47