Name: __________________________ Date: _____________

1.The concept of separate, sovereign national and state governments is known as

A) nationalism. B) democracy. C) confederation. D) federalism. E) unicameralism.
2.Which of the following allows national governments the right to alter or even abolish local government?
A) A constitutional government B) Federalism C) A unitary system D) Socialism E) A confederation
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3.One of the reasons that our local governments are independent of the national government is
Article III of the U.S. Constitution.
the power of free elections.
the commitment of Americans to the ideal of local government.
the fact that the local tax structure requires local administration.
the Fourteenth Amendment.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

4.The cost of political participation to the average U.S. citizen is less than that to the average French citizen because, in the
United States,
more small, political constituencies are found than in France.
the media give greater coverage to political protest than in France.
fewer citizens become involved in political causes than in France.
political participation is both protected and encouraged by the U.S. Constitution.
political debates are given more media attention in the United States.

A)
B)
C)

5.For the Founders, federalism was a device to

protect liberty.
provide efficient local administration.
encourage citizen participation.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6.The government in the South during the Civil War was called a confederacy. A true confederacy differs from the federalist
system of the United States in that it
grants more sovereignty to the individual states.
permits state governments to do only what the central government allows.
is legally and politically independent of any other government.
gives local units of government a specially protected existence.
places states in a subservient manner in relation to matters of interstate commerce.

D) guarantee equality.
E) protect against foreign invasion.

C)
D)
E)

7.Which of the following statements about the federal system adopted at the Constitutional Convention is most accurate?
It had been tried without success in other countries.
It was adopted as an alternative to a confederate system, in which local governments are granted a specially protected
existence.
It granted supreme authority to neither national nor state government.
It specifically reserved powers not delegated to the United States by the U.S. Constitution to the states.
It guaranteed the dominance of the states for several hundred years.

A)
B)
C)

8.The Founders did not include in the U.S. Constitution an explicit statement of state powers but added it later in the
Second Amendment.
D) Fourteenth Amendment.
Seventh Amendment.
E) None of the above.
Tenth Amendment.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

9.The reason a statement specific to state powers was not part of the original U.S. Constitution was that
no such consensus existed at the Constitutional Convention.
it was deleted under the Virginia Plan.
New York delegates refused to allow discussion on the matter.
the U.S. Constitution would not have been ratified.
it was assumed to be obvious.

A)
B)

A)
B)
C)

10.Which statement best summarizes Madison's view of federalism?

He was a consistent supporter of the notion of a supreme national government.
He was a consistent supporter of the notion of the supremacy of state governments.
He was first an ardent supporter of national supremacy, then of state's rights.
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D)
E)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

He was first an ardent supporter of state's rights, then of national supremacy.

He assumed the national government would be supreme except in times of war.
11.The Civil War settled one part of the issue of national supremacy versus states' rights, namely, that
state governments are supreme over the national government.
the national government derives its sovereignty from the states.
the national government derives its sovereignty from the people.
the national government derives its sovereignty from both the people and the states.
state governments derived their power from each other.

12.The early chief justice whose decisions generally gave the broadest possible sweep to federal powers was
A) Roger Taney. B) Frederick Vinson. C) John Marshall. D) Alexander Hamilton. E) John Harlan.
A)
B)
C)

13.The McCulloch v. Maryland decision established

judicial review by the Supreme Court.
state sovereignty in interstate commerce.
national government supremacy over the states.

A)
B)
C)

14.In McCulloch v. Maryland, if the Supreme Court reached the opposite conclusion on the right of Congress to charter a bank,
the bank would have been
taken over by the state of Maryland.
D) taken over by the federal judiciary.
declared unconstitutional.
E) established in each of the states.
taken over by the federal government.

A)
B)
C)

15.The basic assumption of Marshalls opinion in the McCulloch case was that the Constitution
was established by the states.
D) clearly established state superiority.
was established by the people.
E) did not allow Congress to create a national bank.
was established by Congress.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

16.An important outcome of Marshall's ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) was to

place limits on the constitutional powers granted to Congress by refusing McCulloch's appeal.
give greater power to the states in taxing agents of the federal government, including banks.
protect newspaper editors who publish stories critical of the federal government.
restrict the power of the Court in cases involving conflicts between states and the federal government.
confirm the supremacy of the federal government in the exercise of the constitutional powers granted to Congress.

A)
B)
C)

17.During the battle over slavery, the case for nullification was forcefully presented by
William Jennings Randolph.
D) John C. Calhoun.
Robert E. Lee.
E) J.E.B. Stuart.
William Graham Sumner.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18.The doctrine of nullification refers to

the power of Congress to veto state laws that violate the U.S. Constitution.
the claimed authority of the states to declare a federal law void for violating the U.S. Constitution.
the power of the president to veto state laws for violating the U.S. Constitution.
the authority of the president to dissolve Congress and to call for new elections.
the power of the federal government to invalidate state laws on matters of commerce.

D) the legality of the slave trade.

E) All of the above.

19.The doctrine of dual federalism grew out of a protracted debate on the subject of
A) commerce. B) banking. C) manufacturing. D) welfare. E) licensing of commercial fishermen.
20.This is a procedure that enables voters to reject a measure adopted by the legislature.
A) Initiative B) Referendum C) Recall D) Logrolling E) Rrollback
21.This procedure in effect in about one-third of the states permits voters to remove an elected official from office.
A) Initiative B) Referendum C) Recall D) Logrolling E) Rollback
A)
B)

22.According to the text, the grant-in-aid system grew rapidly because it helped state and local officials resolve what dilemma?
How to get federal money into state hands without violating the U.S. Constitution
How to limit federal taxation power without reducing aid to states
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C)
D)
E)
A)
B)
C)

How to increase federal taxation power without violating the U.S. Constitution
How to shift financial control of state programs to the federal government without violating states' rights
How to gradually bring critical state functions under federal control
23.Which of the following was not one of the reasons federal grants were attractive to state officials?
Federal government budget surpluses
D) The appearance of free money for the states
Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment
E) The ability of the federal government to print money
The potency of the federal income tax

24.The first form of grant-in-aid to the states made by the federal government to the state governments was that of
A) cash grants-in-aid. B) block grants. C) revenue sharing. D) categorical grants. E) land grants.

C)
D)
E)

25.When North Dakota received over one million dollars to purchase biomedical suits and other equipment to deal with weapons
of mass destruction, it highlighted the fact that
money from Washington is rarely distributed in an intelligent fashion.
when Washington wants to send money to one state or congressional district, it must send money to many states and
districts.
having key Senators on powerful committees can make a big difference when money is distributed.
most officials in large cities are not even aware of the financial assistance available to them.
very few members of Congress are active in the budget process.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

26.The term intergovernmental lobby is used in the text to refer to lobbying activities by
state and local officials at the national government.
one branch of the national government at another branch.
foreign governments in Washington, D.C.
federal agencies at statehouses and city halls.
governmental units with ties to interest groups.

A)
B)
C)

27.An example of an intergovernmental lobby would be a lobby comprising

local police chiefs.
D) oil company executives.
local gas station owners.
E) society of card players.
gun enthusiasts.

A)
B)
C)

28.A categorical grant is a transfer of federal funds designed for

the private sector.
D) programs with matching grants.
discretionary use by a state.
E) specific purposes.
the accomplishment of broad goals.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

29.According to the text, both revenue sharing and block grants have enjoyed only marginal success, in part because
the federal government steadily increased the number of strings attached to such grants.
money from categorical grants shrank so low as to make these other grants essential.
these grants were based on local priorities rather than on the needs of the nation as a whole.
these grants discouraged federal control over how the money was to be used.
these grants were not attractive to members of Congress.

A)
B)
C)

30.Political maneuvering and lobbying by local officials will probably be greatest when what type of federal money is involved?
Revenue sharing
D) A categorical grant
A block grant
E) A project enhancement grant
A mandated grant

A)
B)
C)

31.The type of locally distributed federal money that would be most affected by changes in population and distribution formulas
is
the block grant.
D) the land grant.
the categorical grant.
E) the project enhancement grant.
revenue sharing.

A)
B)

32.When a locality is required by federal law to do something, regardless of whether it receives federal funding for that purpose,
this duty is called a
A) condition of aid. B) mandate. C) string-attached edict. D) court decision. E) pontification.
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A)
B)
C)

33.Which of the following statements about mandates is not true?

They are reasonable enough, stated in general terms.
D) They are open to interpretation by federal officials.
They are the result of court orders.
E) They create administrative and financial problems.
They are tied to specific federal grants.

A)
B)
C)

34.What Suprem Court case decided that the Constitution defines federal power to regulate commerce
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US
D) South Dakota v. Dole
Gibbons v. Ogden
E) McCulloch v. Maryland
Printz v. United States

A)
B)
C)

35.Supreme Court case that said U.S. Constitution is "the supreme law of the land"
Gibbons v. Ogden
D) McCulloch v. Maryland
United States v. Morrison
E) Fletcher v. Peck
Katzenbach v. McClung

36.Cite the two fundamental questions that the Supreme Court answered in handing down its decision in McCulloch v.
Maryland, and explain the impact this decision had on the development of the federal system.
37.Discuss four reasons why federal money historically has seemed to be attractive to state and local officials.
38.What are some ways in which states have opened the door to direct democracy?

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