01 Feam Introduzione Eng
01 Feam Introduzione Eng
01 Feam Introduzione Eng
FEAM Introduction
Forward
The electrical safety equipment and their accessories that are manufactured by FEAM are used in areas in which an explosive
atmosphere may form in such quantities as to require special safety measures for safeguarding the health and safety of the workers concerned. The flammable and/or combustible substances must be considered to be substances that may form an explosive
atmosphere unless an examination of their properties establishes that they are unable to cause an explosion independently, even if
they form a mixture with air. Areas at risk from explosions are divided into zones on the basis of the frequency and duration of the
presence of explosive atmospheres.
Choosing the best mode of protection and determining the hazardous areas inside plants is neither easy or immediate. Thorough
familiarity with current standards is in fact required. We have therefore decided to use these introductory pages to provide a short
guide to dealing with the problem and finding other sources of information.
Since 1961
FEAM Introduction
GAS
DUST
Zone 0
Zone 20
Zone 1
Zone 21
A place in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is likely to occur
in normal operation occasionally.
Zone 2
Zone 22
10 1.000 h/year
0,1 10 h/year
In North America, article 500 of the National Electrical Code is the reference and the following applies:
Zone 0
Zone 1
Zone 2
Class I, Division 1
Zone 20
Class I, Division 2
10 1.000 h/year
0,1 10 h/year
A place in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is likely to occur
in normal operation occasionally.
Zone 21
Zone 22
0,1 10 h/ year
Gases classification
Explosive characteristics peculiar to each substance. The safety requirements for electrical equipment and systems can be tailored
according to the nature of hazardous substances into the atmosphere where the application is expected. The gases and vapors are therefore divided into groups based on well-defined parameters (Maximum Experimental Safe MESG interstitium, and Minimum Ignition
Current MIC). Gas groups and their description will become part of the marks of an electrical safety.
The classified combustible gases set out in document IEC 60079-20-1:
2010-01 (Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 20: Data for flammable gases and vapours, relating to the use of
electrical apparatus) are approximately 300:
Gas Groups Comparison
1 - group I
230 - group IIA
65 - group IIB
5 - group IIC
IIA
(propane)
D
(propane)
IIB
(ethylene)
C
(ethylene)
IIC
(hydrogen / acetylene)
B
(hydrogen)
A
(acetylene)
FEAM Introduction
[C]
TEMPERATURE CLASS
[F]
[C]
450
842
T1
300
572
T2
280
536
T2A
260
500
T2B
230
446
T2C
215
419
T2D
200
392
180
356
T3A
165
329
T3B
160
320
135
275
120
248
T3
T3C
T4
-
100
212
T5
85
185
T6
Methods of protection
The types of protection are techniques that are provided by the harmonised standards in order to meet the Essential Health and
Safety Requirements. These techniques play on the fact that if only one of the elements is removed that constitute the explosion
pentagon the explosion cannot occur. Thus by limiting energy (intrinsic safety), limiting heat (increased safety, constructional safety),
by removing the fuel (pressurization, immersion in liquid, encapsulation), by containing the explosion (flameproof enclosures), the
objective is achieved.
The description of the type of protection that a specific electrical equipment has been constructed, appears in its marks of
safety electrical equipment.
I Principi dei modi di protezione sono :
A EXPLOSION CONTAINMENT
It is the only technique that allows the explosion to happen, but in a confining space clear and prevent its spread in the surrounding
atmosphere. (Example: Type d)
B SEGREGATION
It is the technique is physically separate or isolate the electrical parts and / or hot surfaces explosive atmosphere. (Example: Type
p Type q Type o Type m)
C PREVENTION
The characteristic of this technique is to limit the heat or electricity at levels not dangerous even in adverse circumstances. (Example:
Type e Type i Type n)
D SPECIAL
This technique is related to production procedures other than those listed above, such as combining multiple protection methods
applied jointly in order to achieve a high safety factor.
(Example: Type s)
DIAGRAM
q
sand
PHILOSOPHY
APPLICATIONS
A type of protection in which the entry of a surrounding atmosphere into the enclosure of the electrical
apparatus is prevented by maintaining inside the said
enclosure a protective gas (air, inert or other suitable
gas) at a higher pressure than that of the surrounding
atmosphere. The overpressure is maintained either
with or without continuous flow of the protective gas
A type of protection in which the enclosure of electrical apparatus is filled with a material in a finely granulated state so that, in the intended conditions of service,
any arc occuring within the enclosure of an electrical
apparatus will not ignite the surrounding atmosphere.
No ignition shall be caused either by flame or by excessive temperature of the surfaces of the enclosure.
Transformers, capacitors,
heater strip connection boxes,
electronic assemblies
Since 1961
FEAM Introduction
DIAGRAM
PHILOSOPHY
A type of protection in which the electrical
apparatus or parts of the electrical apparatus are
immersed in oil in such a way that an explosive
atmosphere, which may be above the oil or outside the enclosure cannot be ignited .
o
oil
resin
APPLICATIONS
Various
Transformers
(only used rarely now)
Measurement equipments
Control and signaling equipment.
3 number
Protection against impact
2 number
Protection against liquids
No protection
No protection
No protection
Protected against
vertically-falling drops of
water (condensation)
Protected against
projections of water
from all directions
Protected against
dust completely
0
52,5 mm
1
52,5 mm
2
2,5 mm
3
1 mm
Since 1961
FEAM Introduction
Since 1961
FEAM Introduction
Certification
The certification of a product (a term used to describe a process or service) is a means to ensure that it conforms to a specific technical
standard or other normative documents. Some product certification systems may provide initial tests on the product and supplier quality
system assessment, followed by surveillance system for factory and laboratory testing of samples taken at the factory and the market.
Other systems are based on initial testing, and monitoring, while others rely exclusively on type testing
In the case of Directive 94/9/EC can define two levels of certification :
- The certification issued by the producer, otherwise known as self-certification, scheduled for the equipment group II, category 3;
- The certification issued by a Notified Body, otherwise known as certification of Part III, scheduled for most of the cases.
In the first case, the manufacturer of certification coincides with the EC declaration of conformity, and is released after both the phases,
design and manufacturing have been successful. In the second, for most products, certification issued by the Notified Body is to separate
the two phases mentioned above, a document for each phase :
- Certificate of EC type examination, which actually sound design from the standpoint EX;
- Notification of the guarantee of product quality or production, which in fact testifies that the manufacturer, through a management
system ensures that products are manufactured in accordance with the approved design.
Regarding the design, Feam has dozens of EC type examination certificates obtained during its fifty activities in Ex applications, which are
constantly updated with new pieces of legislation representing the state of the art in the prevention and protection of the explosions.
Regarding the production instead Feam got served with the quality assurance of products issued by CESI, notified body No. 0722, this
number is put on the plate products in the vicinity of the
symbol.
Our notification of guarantee is CESI 09 ATEX 055Q.
II
3
2G
Ex
II
T5
CE marking of conformity
identification number of the Notified Body responsible for surveillance equipment on the production of ATEX
marcatura ATEX
II: gruppo di apparecchi - componente idoneo ad essere installato in luoghi di superficie
2G: categoria componente idoneo ad essere installato in luoghi in cui, durante le normali attivit, vi la probabilit che si manifestino atmosfere esplosive dovute a gas, vapori o
nebbie (zona 1); idoneo ad essere istallato in zona 1 ed in zona 2.
Ex : Explosion protection
e : type of protection increased safety
II: A device capable of being installed in places of surface
T5: temperature class - from the apparatus to reach maximum temperature (100 [C])
Electric Equipment: Group II - Category 2D, for example an unit of command and control
nnnn
1
II
3
2G
Ex
tD
A21
IP66/67 T108C
CE marking of conformity
identification number of the Notified Body responsible for surveillance equipment on the production of ATEX
ATEX marking
II: Equipment group - component may be installed in places of surface
2D: category - component may be installed in places where, during normal activity, there is the likelihood that explosive atmospheres caused by mixtures of air and combustible dust
(zone 21), suitable to be installed in Zone 21 and Zone 22.
Electric Equipment: Group II - Category 2 (1) G: for example an unit of command and control
nnnn
1
II
3
2(1)G
Ex
d[ia]
IIB
T6
CE marking of conformity
identification number of the Notified Body responsible for surveillance equipment on the production of ATEX
ATEX marking
II: group equipment - equipment suitable to be installed in places of surface
2 (1) G : Category - equipment suitable to be installed in places where, during normal activity, there is the likelihood that explosive atmospheres caused by gases, vapors or mists
(zone 1), capable of being installed in the area 1 and Zone 2; inside there is a device that interfaces associated with the zone 0.
FEAM Introduction
Ever since the early years of the 21st century, outside the European Union, an international voluntary certification scheme has been
increasingly asserting itself: it is the IEC-Ex scheme (http://www.iecex.com/). Based on its philosophy, this scheme is very similar to that
of Directive 94/9/ EC and provides for control over both design (Ex-TR) and manufacturing (QAR) by a Certification Body qualified by
this scheme; with these two documents, it is possible to apply for the certificate of conformity (CoC). This scheme, as well as its results
(certificates), is acknowledged by an increasing number of States at an international level.
Russia
The regulatory framework in Russia is very different from the European context, in which we are used to get by with agility. Whereas in
the EU the mutual acknowledgement principle applies and compulsory certification (CE marking) is only requested for certain families
of products which are either dangerous or associated with serious risks, in Russia, based on law no. 508 of 22 July, 1992 concerning the
protection of consumers rights, most of the products that are meant for marketing on the Federation markets must be certified to assess
product compliance with Russian national standards. Since the task of checking imported goods based on safety and quality indexes does
not fall within the direct province of the customs organs, the latter merely check on the existence and genuineness of the documents
certifying the properties of imported products. According to the system governing customs control over the safety of goods, the main
document is the certificate of conformity issued as part of the compulsory GOST R certification system; another fundamental document
is the employment permit issued by Rostechnadzor (RTN). GOST stands for Gosudarstvennyj Standart (State Standard in Russian). This
national certification system was introduced to protect public health and to ensure the safety and quality of imported goods, which have
flooded the domestic markets of the countries of the former ex-USSR. The products bearing the GOST-R marking prove that they meet
the applicable standards and have received a GOST R certificate from an accredited certification office.
Goods can therefore only be cleared by customs if they are provided with this certification issued by an official Russian body credited
by Gosstandart; the certificate of conformity must be produced together with the customs bill of entry, and represents the fundamental
document to allow goods to access the customs territory of the Russian Federation.
Shipments bearing the official copy of the certificate will be cleared by customs and will be accepted by the Russian buyer. For many
goods intended for industrial areas within the Russian territory, which are potentially dangerous and comprise EX equipment, an additional permit is required. Among such permits is the Rostechnadzor (RTN), issued by the Federal Service for Ecology, Technology and
Nuclear Surveillance. This permit is required to indicate that the potentially dangerous equipment meets the Russian safety standards
and can be operated without risk. All items handling oil, natural gas or other high pressure/high temperature fluids automatically fall
within this category, as they are deemed to be dangerous fluids employed in dangerous activities. The permit is requie in order to run
the equipment or the plant. Without it, the plant cannot receive the authorization. As a rule, the necessary calculations are carried out,
including a review of the maintenance and repair procedures, a review of control systems, hydraulic tests, non-destructive tests, etc; a
review of the possible environmental impact, such as discharges, fluid waste leaks, etc., is also carried out. The validity period for using
the permit, according to Russian law, is 5 years. In order to obtain the employment permit, technical passports and instruction manuals
in Russian are also required.
Kazakistan
To ensure that the goods comply with the GOS STANDARD requirements of Kazakhstan, an assessment and registration process is also
carried out and, once this has been successfully completed, a Certificate of Conformity or GOST K Certificate is issued. The GOST K Certificate states that the goods meet the appropriate Russian codes and standards and may be imported into the Republic of Kazakhstan and
used there. Government regulation no. 367 of 20 April 2005 includes a list of the goods and applicable rate codes subject to compulsory
certification. As a rule, this list is significantly shorter than the one existing in Russia. A GOST K Certificate of Conformity can be issued by
the certification organs credited by Gosstandard in Kazakhstan.
The GOST-K Certification process is basically the same as the certification process in Russia; there are three types of certificate:
- certificate for individual use (basic batch): for the purposes of this certificate, the product importer indicated on the certificate must
be a Kazakhstan company. The certificate must specify the importers name, place of production, HS codes (customs rate numbers) of
the product, contract date and number. It can only be used once and only for a specific Kazakhstan importer.
- series production certificate (1 year): this is issued based on samples and documents, without an experts visit, and its period of validity is 1 year. These certificates need to be updated after their expiry.
- series production certificate (3 years): this is issued for series production, to cover a three year period after an experts visit. For this
certificate, the regulations require that a surveillance visit is conducted on an annual basis.
Risk analysis
Risk analysis is a fundamental process for understanding if we are inside or outside the problem. This process consists of evaluating,
depending on the required level of protection (normal, high, very high), whether the appliance has its own potential sources of ignition
that are able to cause an explosion. Thus if the analysis shows that our equipment, in the various types of operation required, does not
have its own potential sources of ignition we are outside the scope of the Directive; on the other hand, we must take measures to ensure
that its own potential sources of ignition do not become effective. Risk analysis is normally constituted by the following four logic phases :
1) Hazard identification: systematic procedure aimed at identifying all dangers associated with the product. After identifying an hazard,
it is possible to change the design to minimise the hazard, regardless of whether the degree of risk has been estimated. If the hazard
is not identified, it will not be possible to eliminate it during the design phase.
2) Hazard estimation: determining the probability that the identified hazards could occur and the level of seriousness of possible
damages arising from the considered hazards.
3) Hazard evaluation: comparison of the estimated risk and the criteria that enable us to decide whether the risk is acceptable or when
the designof the product needs to be modified to reduce the risk in question.
Since 1961
FEAM Introduction
Risk analysis
4) Analysis of the hazard-reduction options: the last phase of the risk analysis is the process of identifying, selecting and modifying
variations to the project to reduce the overall risk arising from the products. Although it is always simple to reduce risks further, they
can rarely be reduced to zero without eliminating the activities
The following potential sources of ignition must be considered:
hot surfaces
flames and hot gases (including hot particles)
mechanically generated sparks
electric apparatus
stray electric currents, protection against cathode corrosion
static electricity
lightning
electromagnetic waves
ionizing radiation
ultrasonic
adiabatic compression and shock waves
exothermic reactions, including self-ignition of dusts Directive
Declaration of conformity
The EC declaration of conformity is the formal and final step which FEAM says in front of the EU single market, to have complied with
the Essential Health and Safety of all Community directives applicable to your products.
Our EC declarations of conformity are prepared considering the following legislative and regulatory references:
- Annex III EC Declaration of Conformity to the Decision No. 768/2008/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 9 July 2008
on a common framework for the marketing of products and repealing Decision 93/465/EEC (G.U.U.E. Series L, No. 218, 13/08/2008);
- Annex X sec. B content of the EC declaration of conformity and Directive 94/9/EC ATEX 95
- Technical standard ISO/IEC 17050-1 and 17050-2 Conformity Assessment - Declaration of conformity issued by the supplier nitore
Rules
In Europe the standards are prepared on behalf of the European Commission to individual standards bodies. Although not required their
use, they simplify the procedures for verification of compliance as they constitute a presumption of conformity to the requirements
of the Directive for which they were created.
Periodically, the list of rules that meet the criteria of each Directive is published by notice in the Official Journal of the European Union,
series C.
The technical standards are evolving to keep pace with the knowledge you acquire at the state of the art in a given field.
Actually, for Ex applications and for electrical appliances, there are two lines of reference standards:
- series 60079-.., for Gases
- series 61241-.., for Dusts.
Reference Standards for Ex applications:
GASES
DUSTS
60079-10
61241-10
60079-14
61241-14
60079-17
61241-17
60079-19
Lighting
Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Waterproof Enclosures
Cable Glands
Ex Conduit Fittings
Fittings
Ex Control Stations
Ex Receptacles and Socket Outlets
Control Stations
Receptacles & Plugs
Ex Earthing Clamps
Ex Acoustic Signallers
Ex Fan / Ex & Waterproof Radiators
From page 171 to page 180
Since 1961
Ex Lighting
Indoor Lighting
Waterproof Lighting
Index
Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
EVF
EVAC
EVAC-FL
EVP-100
AWL
Page 1
Page 5
Page 11
Page 15
Page 16
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
MIOL - LIOL
Page 21
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
SFDE
RCDE
EXL
EVG
Page 25
Page 27
Page 29
Page 31
Page 33
Page 37
Weatherproof Lighting
Weatherproof Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
Weatherproof Lighting
e191 - e192
AVF
SFDQL
EVSN
SFDN
EVSA
SFDA
Page 41
Page 45
Page 49
Page 53
Page 57
Page 61
Weatherproof Lighting
Weatherproof Lighting
Weatherproof Lighting
Weatherproof Lighting
Ex Lighting
Indoor Lighting
EWN
EW
M400
OFFICE
SECURLUX
KRONOS SAT
Page 65
Page 69
Page 73
Page 77
Page 79
Page 83
Weatherproof Lighting
Weatherproof Lighting
Ex Lighting
Ex Lighting
Weatherproof Lighting
GENIUS
ESO
TORRI e PALI
ACCESSORI
CALCOLO ILLUMINOMETRICO
Page 85
Page 87
Page 89
Page 91
Page 93
Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
SWITCHRACKS
EJB
EJB INX
EJB UL
GUB
EMH9
Page 95
Page 97
Page 101
Page 105
Page 109
Page 113
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Ex Enclosures
Weatherproof Enclosures
GUA - EAHF
HANDLES
ESA
ESX
GWR
GWRCS - ESX
ES
Page 115
Page 117
Page 119
Page 121
Page 125
Page 127
Page 129
Since 1961
Index
Cable glands
Ex Cable glands
Ex Cable glands
Ex Cable glands
Ex Cable glands
Ex Cable glands
Ex Cable glands
PAPD
PAP
PA
PNA
PNAF
DL-NW-PTD-ET
Page 131
Page 133
Page 135
Page 137
Page 139
Page 141
Conduit fittings
Ex Conduit fittings
Ex Conduit fittings
Ex Conduit fittings
Page 143
Page 145
Page 147
Ex Conduit fittings
Ex Conduit fittings
Ex Conduit fittings
PLG - NP - EM - ELV - DL - DB
TFII
C-L-T-X-ADPE
Page 149
Page 153
Page 155
EX Control Stations
EX Control Stations
EX Control Stations
EFG
EFSC218
EFDC
EFSC
Page 157
Page 159
Page 161
Page 163
Page 165
CPSCP - FSQCP / BP
DXN
Page 167
Page 169
Miscellaneous
Ex Earthing clamps
Ex Acustic signallers
Ex Axial fan
Ex Radiators
IT25...
SM2021F - SM2001IIC
ETH2... - S2
MQ-BQ / MQ-BC
READ / RERAC
Page 171
Page 173
Page 175
Page 177
Page 179
Since 1961
Product certifications
CESI - Italian Electrotechnical Experimental Institute
KEMA - Kema Quality B.V. (Netherlands)
LOM - Laboratorio Oficial J.M. Madariaga (Spain)
ISSeP - Institute Scientifique de Service Public (Belgium)
S.C.S. - SIRA Certification Service (England)
INERIS - Institut National De LEnvironnement Indus. et des Risques (France)
S.G.S. - Societ Generale de Surviellance (Switzerland)
UL
BKI
Since 1961