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Profitability Through Supply Chain Excellence

A Technology Insight for Specialty Chemicals Producers

Profitability Through Supply Chain Excellence:

A Technology Insight for Specialty Chemicals Producers

Executive Summary

Globalisation and the uncertainties of an ever-changing economic landscape have introduced new complexity to the
specialty chemicals business. On a daily basis, specialty chemicals producers must navigate multiple variables to
determine the most profitable products to produce, when and where to produce them and how to successfully execute
against that plan.

This IChemE technology insight spotlights some of the challenges in supply chain management and identifies
technology solutions that align people and processes for success. Illustrated with two examples from leading specialty
chemicals companies, this paper suggests ways for specialty chemicals producers to unlock opportunity and deliver an
operational edge.

This report has been prepared by AspenTech for information purposes only and is not intended to be used or relied upon for any other purpose.
While the report has been prepared by AspenTech in good faith, no representation or warranty is made and no responsibility or liability is accepted
by IChemE in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in the report, and any such liability is expressly disclaimed.
IChemE accepts no responsibility for any loss or damage, whether direct or indirect and however caused (including but not limited to negligence)
suffered in connection with the information provided in this report. However, this disclaimer does not extend to any liability imposed by law to the
extent that such liability cannot be lawfully limited or excluded.

Profitability Through Supply Chain Excellence:

A Technology Insight for Specialty Chemicals Producers

Supply Chain Excellence Through Software

Specialty chemicals companies who implement supply chain excellence programs report as much as a 10% increase in
margins. This tangible impact on the bottom line demonstrates that supply chain excellence is not an esoteric term, but an
actionable initiative that specialty chemicals companies cannot afford to ignore.

Supply chain leaders need to evaluate the critical issues that prevent their supply chain operations from adapting to their
business needs. Typical issues include operating in business silos, lack of visibility, and lack of decision support tools,
which compounded, significantly hinder the ability for the business to respond quickly to customer demand. It is
important for business leaders to identify these challenges in their organisation and to take action to achieve supply chain
excellence to successfully navigate market complexity and unlock opportunity.

This paper discusses the challenges of effective supply chain operations and decision making, introduces software
solutions to transform the Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) and Scheduling functions, and outlines the benefits and
opportunity for specialty chemicals producers to maximise profitability to gain a competitive edge.

Challenges Facing the Speciality Chemicals Business

Specialty chemicals companies navigate a number of external and internal variables on a daily basis that challenge
decision making around forecasting, planning, and scheduling on both short and long-term time horizons. The typical
challenges that add complexity and place pressure on operations include:

Globalisation The rise of multinationals has had a dramatic effect on the industrial sector. For specialty chemicals
producers, globalisation has heightened the focus on the supply chain, introduced new complexity and narrowed the
margin of error between profit and loss. Producers face the double-edged sword of pursuing new markets (and new
opportunities) and opening themselves to new competition. The net result has been a new drive for supply chain
excellence.

Uncertain demand patterns Specialty chemicals producers face uncertain and unpredictable demand patterns with
limited visibility of future customer orders. Events, such as the introduction of new products, expiration of patents,
the appearance of generics or announcements by regulatory boards, may introduce minor shocks to demand. In turn,
the impact on product pricing creates major swings in both short and long-term demand distributors may stock pile
product prior to price increases or producers may attempt to time price increases at the precise point when
distributors require maximum inventory to prevent them from stockpiling at lower prices.

Expanded product portfolios Specialty chemicals producers continue to differentiate their products in direct
response to customer requirements and new market opportunities. Supply chain systems must evolve in parallel to
handle various product specs, production scheduling and batch scheduling.
Regulatory compliance Government regulation has had a profound impact on the chemicals business that has
resulted in stricter controls for both finished and unfinished products. Specialty chemicals producers must assure
product quality, report precise batch and lot traceability, and deliver tighter product testing and documentation. As
part of regulatory compliance, operations such as major and minor cleaning between batches to meet regulatory
compliance have a significant impact on plant scheduling and product availability.

Hedging behaviour To address risk, Planners and Schedulers often prepare for the worst case scenario by building
up safety stock in anticipation of uncertain future demand. Known as hedging, this business behaviour ignores the
cost of excess capacity and often points to the business inability to catch-up in the event of equipment failure.
Possibly the most damaging and costly part of current planning and scheduling practices, hedging leads to both
under production of required product and over production of unwanted product, which results in increased inventory
cost and product waste.

In todays business environment, these factors are a continual threat to operational success and impact the business in
specific areas.
3

Profitability Through Supply Chain Excellence:

A Technology Insight for Specialty Chemicals Producers

The Measures of Supply Chain Success

For supply chain operations, the typical measures of success include:

Customer service Customer service is paramount for specialty chemicals producers and it is a standard measure of
business performance. There is constant pressure to reduce order lead times to retain customers, as well as pressure
to maintain appropriate stock to meet demand.

Inventory management Inventory is expensive to store and ties up working capital. Companies require the ability
to closely monitor inventory levels and track common metrics such as inventory turns and number of days of
demand that the current inventory can cover.

Costs Costs related to purchase of raw materials, carrying inventory, distribution, and other costs are spread across
the supply chain, and therefore make the supply chain a logical place to track cost savings. Each company has its
own individual metrics such as best delivered cost or cost of raw material per tonne of product produced. At the plant
level, asset utilisation and product yields contribute to operating costs and must be tracked with their own metrics.

Barriers to Success

Companies that optimise their supply chain position themselves for success by aligning people and processes through
technology. Typical barriers to supply chain agility relate to business alignment, shared information and visibility on
assets and lack of effective decision support systems:

Lack of alignment Siloed processes and work practices not only lead to inefficient workflows and time delays, but
most importantly, disrupt operations and result in objectives that run counter to each other. The net result is lack of
ability to respond quickly and profitably to unplanned occurrence such as new orders, equipment failure, raw
material shortages, labour constraints or other factors. Operational success is dependent on supply chain processes
that seamlessly span strategic, tactical and operational levels and operations that connect and align all stakeholder
interests.

Lack of business visibility For many companies, individual spreadsheets are the primary means for tracking data,
performing data analysis and presentation reports and graphs. This practice is outdated and leads to the creation of
islands of automation. These tools require manual data entry, which leaves them prone to manual error. As they
do not represent the overall business, these silos of information cannot consider any broader planning and
scheduling operations. The inability to see the larger operational picture results in decisions based on temporary
issues and short term strategy inconsistent with the broader business direction.

Lack of decision support tools Companies also lack specialised decision support systems that provide real-time,
operation-wide information to enable the best decisions. Without visibility on assets, access to information, or
understanding of the operational plan, producers cannot react or adapt to changes in the market environment. In fact,
an overwhelming number of chemical producers again rely on manual spreadsheets as transaction support systems.
The result is an environment where Planners do not have the best information to make the more informed
operational decision.

A Guide for Supply Chain Success

For specialty chemicals producers, the equation is clear: production of differentiated products, efficient inventory
management and on-time product delivery at best cost results in exceptional customer service and profitability. By taking
the key steps to align their business and achieve these goals using todays sophisticated supply chain software, business
leaders can conquer market uncertainties and operate an agile specialty chemicals business.

Profitability Through Supply Chain Excellence:

A Technology Insight for Specialty Chemicals Producers
Essentially, the formula for effective supply chain operations involves:
Empowering people with information

Standardising business processes

Sharing the plan

Driving business alignment

Enabling the best operational decision through information and what-if analysis
Investing in technology

Todays best-of-breed supply chain software offers specialty chemicals companies immediate visibility on the
information they need and the opportunity to carry out the full spectrum of what if analyses. These capabilities, in turn,
help them to streamline workflows, reduce costs and quickly reach more informed decisions.

Supply Chain Excellence Pays Off

Companies that deploy supply chain optimisation software have the potential to realise significant margin improvement
of 10% by:
Increasing capacity 3 - 5%

Improving customer service 5 - 10%

Improving first-quality production 5%

Reducing costs 4 - 6%

The latest supply chain software enables companies to optimise trade-offs between customer service, inventory levels and
manufacturing costs and accelerate process innovation. A supply chain best practice is to integrate supply planning with
scheduling at the operating level to ensure that the supply plan translates to a detailed schedule for execution. This
functionality requires application of technology in two business areas Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) and
Scheduling, which companies can deploy sequentially or as an integrated solution in a single plant or across multiple sites.

Sales & Operations Planning

While the detailed functional definition and organisation of Sales & Operations Planning varies across companies, a
simple working definition can be summarised as the business requirement to match product supply with customer
demand as closely as possible at any point in time in order to maximise business profit. In that light, most specialty
chemicals companies conduct some degree of Sales & Operations Planning as part of their business process.

Most concerning is when definitions, data and processes vary individually from site to site within the same business unit
or organisation. Without a standard Sales & Operations Planning process in place, companies cannot properly align
supply with demand and without a supply chain optimisation system, the S&OP process cannot evaluate multiple
scenarios, respond quickly to unplanned events or perform insightful analysis and forecasting.

Companies that pursue supply chain excellence follow a formal S&OP process with a high level of sophistication
powered by best-of-breed software. Two critical components of an effective S&OP system are first, a demand forecasting
capability to identify and forecast demand and second, a planning system to generate a plan to meet that forecasted
demand.

In every supply chain there are activities that must be initiated in anticipation of future demand. The specific activities
vary with the business, but generally include finished goods production, semi-finished goods production or raw materials
purchasing. To maximise performance, these activities must be planned with the best available information.
Improvements in forecasting and demand planning can reduce the need to carry excess safety stock or have spare
capacity sit idle. In a fully integrated supply chain, production operations should be closely linked with demand
management, so a companys operational plan can adapt as quickly as demand changes.

Profitability Through Supply Chain Excellence:

A Technology Insight for Specialty Chemicals Producers

Spreadsheets are widely recognised as inadequate for

managing complex supply chains. They are typically
customised to fit the constraints of each plant and are
prone to errors and labour-intensive data gathering.

The interactive Planning Board in Aspen Plant Scheduler provides an

easy way to visualise and make changes to the schedule as well as view
inventory levels for multiple products simultaneously.

Generating an accurate demand forecast is a critical first step in the S&OP process, as it is the demand signal that drives
all other functions, such as planning and scheduling. The process of developing accurate and consistent projections of
market demand and continuously updating these projections as circumstances change is known as demand management,
and can include activities such as:
Consolidating the shipment data for various market segments

Generating forecasts

Reconciling forecasts with firm orders

Collaborating with sales, marketing and customers to refine the forecast

Tracking forecast accuracy

Other processes that are essential for developing a sound business plan

Best-of-breed software uses this demand forecast to generate an optimal plan that factors in labour and equipment, raw
materials or feedstock, inbound/outbound transportation, storage capacity and other variables. The role of supply chain
planning software in the S&OP process is to focus on business-wide supply and inventory planning, and specifies where
to make what based on customer demand. It involves allocating production across various plants while minimising
transportation and operating costs.

The best supply chain software provides web-based S&OP analytics for enterprise-wide reporting and access to data and
analysis during the planning process. Additionally, the latest software features easy-to-use software interfaces with
streamlined workflows to help users visually navigate operational complexity. Combined, these capabilities allow users
to attain visibility into their current situation by combining data from their ERP and production systems, as well as results
from their planning and scheduling tools for a complete picture of their supply chain.

Many leading specialty chemicals companies have adopted aspenONE Supply Chain Management to address

inefficiencies in end-to-end processes, to drive first quality production, to minimise inventory and distribution costs, and
to allow rapid innovation to meet customer requirements.

Profitability Through Supply Chain Excellence:

A Technology Insight for Specialty Chemicals Producers

S&OP Case Study 15B specialty chemicals producer in Europe

A 15 billion specialty chemicals producer based in Europe wanted to ensure execution of reliable and cost
efficient delivery of their products in Central Europe. The company also needed to remove bottlenecks in
the production and distribution processes and to simultaneously optimise:
Storage and transport capacities

Logistics (mode of transportation, route, vehicle utilisation, etc.)

Sourcing from shipping points

Additionally, the company needed to meet regulatory compliance requirements to track CO2 positions
across ten European countries against annual emissions limits.

This supply chain transformation was not an easy task considering the complexity of their supply chain
network, which includes more than 30 sites, hundreds of resources, thousands of ship-to locations and a
multitude of raw material suppliers. The company did not have a global reporting system, asset visibility or
standard supply chain business processes across the organisation. In fact, each country operated completely
independent of one another, tracking operations on desktop spreadsheets. To unify operations, the company
turned to Aspen Supply Chain Planner, a software application that supports the S&OP process in the
aspenONE Supply Chain Management suite to achieve the following:
Optimise across 10 business units

Facilitate decision-making based on economics

Increase the transparency of their business processes

Perform both short-term (weekly/monthly) and strategic long-term (1-5 years) planning

Through Aspen Supply Chain Planner, this specialty chemicals producer easily determines alternative
supply paths across the network and dynamically selects optimal product source locations, based on
physical constraints and emissions limitations. By optimising their supply chain to determine the lowest
cost for each customer and by improving work processes, data management and reporting visibility, this
specialty chemicals producer estimates that it will attain 20 million in annual benefits.

Plant Scheduling

Together with S&OP, Scheduling is the other critical business component of an effective supply chain management
system. Schedulers face the similarly complex task of translating the product plan into an execution plan at the plant
level. In this area, companies require supply chain systems that can support the high level of business and manufacturing
agility required to handle sudden changes to the schedule.

Specialty chemicals manufacturers have a diverse set of multi-stage operations that must simultaneously consider all
manufacturing constraints. Timing of these multi-stage operations is an essential element in meeting customer demand
and keeping work-in-process inventory at acceptable levels. As always, the detail is crucial. Best-in-class chemical
companies are making sure the details are modelled by their decisions support tools. Decision support software provides
visibility into the following key areas:
Shared resources Resources that can be used by more than one asset (such as people, pipes, tanks, warehouse
space, clean-in-place and emissions) must be recognised to avoid bringing production to a halt.

Production sequence optimisation Optimisation of complex setups and transitions based on an unlimited number
of properties or attributes, such as product family and raw materials consumed.

Profitability Through Supply Chain Excellence:

A Technology Insight for Specialty Chemicals Producers
Time-dependent properties Specialty chemicals companies in particular often have shelf life constraints where
Schedulers need to have forward visibility into materials that must be used before they expire in order to minimise
product loss.

Product blending Blending optimisation is vital. Perfecting the combination of raw materials with the right
properties to get on-spec finished product, taking into account the physical and equipment handling constraints that
are associated with blending problems.

With complex and detailed modelling of the production process, there is the danger of going too far into the realm of

highly customised scheduling solutions at each plant. Business leaders should resist the temptation to pursue highly
customised and difficult to maintain models. The focus should be on scheduling solutions that are standardised, yet
scalable and flexible enough to capture the unique requirements of a particular business.

Scheduling Case Study NOVA Chemicals

NOVA Chemicals, a plastics and chemicals producer with manufacturing sites strategically located
throughout Canada and the United States, wanted to standardise their supply chain operations processes
and underlying technology for their polyethylene business. Due to fragmented business processes, lack of
automation and scheduling models that were customised for each plant site, NOVA Chemicals was forced
to manage their supply chain in a largely manual fashion, making it difficult to react to any type of business
change. The company lacked the ability to evaluate the impact or to determine the best course of action for
events, such as price changes, shutdowns, raw material constraints or weather-related factors. Furthermore,
the lack of uniformity between models broke down synergies between groups and made change
management very difficult.

By committing to a new, standard set of business processes for all parts of the polyethylene business,
NOVA was able to migrate to six standard aspenONE Supply Chain Management applications with a single
design throughout. The new business processes and technology were automated and integrated, enabling
NOVA Chemicals to react quickly to changing business conditions, reduce overall IT ownership and model
maintenance and improve data sharing and collaboration to increase their scheduling horizon by 100%.

Due to forward visibility, the scheduling horizon doubled, increasing

from 90 days to 180 days. This gave the schedulers better raw material
visibility and a better product wheel.
Zoran Stojecevski, Systems Analyst and Developer, NOVA Chemicals

The Bottom Line of Supply Chain Excellence

Specialty chemicals companies today face numerous uncertainties and constantly navigate internal and external business
variables but sophisticated software systems are available to drive supply chain excellence and to align people and
processes. By building S&OP and Scheduling operations grounded in the latest supply chain optimisation software,
companies can make the best operational decisions, respond to market fluctuations, absorb disruptions and execute
against the plan. The tangible benefits are clear improve margin improvement 4 - 20%, improve customer service
5 - 10%, improve first-quality production 5% and reduce costs 4 - 6%. Conversely, the cost of lost opportunity may never
be known. Through leading-edge supply chain software, specialty chemicals manufacturers can optimise performance,
align processes and empower decision makers to maximise profit and gain the competitive advantage.

About IChemE
The Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) is the global professional membership organisation for people with relevant experience or an interest
in chemical engineering. Founded in 1922 as a professional institution for chemical and process engineers, IChemE has grown to its current status of
approaching 38,000 members across 120 countries. Today, IChemE is the only organisation to award Chartered Chemical Engineer status, the badge
of competence and commitment to professional excellence in chemical engineering that is recognised world-wide.
IChemE places great value on its strong relationships with key corporates in the chemical and process industries. We are pleased to work with
AspenTech, a leading supplier of software for the optimisation of process manufacturing, to produce this technology insight for speciality chemical
manufacturers. This report is based on AspenTechs extensive experience of providing solutions to some of the worlds leading process
manufacturers. If your company is interested in working with IChemE to produce a technology insight on any aspect of the chemical, biochemical or
process industries, please contact:
Claudia Flavell-While
Director of publications
Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE)
+44 (0)1788 534422
+44 (0)7710 679403
[email protected]

www.icheme.org
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IChemE accepts no responsibility for any loss or damage, whether direct or indirect and however caused (including through negligence) suffered in
connection with the information provided in this report. The Institution does not accept responsibility for any such loss suffered as a result of the use
of or reliance on any information contained in this report. However, this disclaimer does not extend to any liability imposed by law, to the extent that
such liability cannot be lawfully limited or excluded.

About AspenTech
AspenTech is a leading supplier of software that optimises process manufacturingfor energy, chemicals, engineering and construction, and other
industries that manufacture and produce products from a chemical process. With integrated aspenONE solutions, process manufacturers can
implement best practices for optimising their engineering, manufacturing and supply chain operations. As a result, AspenTech customers are better
able to increase capacity, improve margins, reduce costs and become more energy efficient. To see how the worlds leading process manufacturers
rely on AspenTech to achieve their operational excellence goals, visit www.aspentech.com.
For more information on how to achieve supply chain management excellence, contact us at [email protected].

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