Example Substation Insulation Coordination Study by ArresterWorks
Example Substation Insulation Coordination Study by ArresterWorks
Example Substation Insulation Coordination Study by ArresterWorks
Substation Insulation
Coordination Study
MEG Energy
Christina Lake Regional Project Phase 2B
Insulation Coordination Schematic
TWR2
50m
TWR1
50m
LCC
Afrm1
50m
16
LCC
LCC
TWR3
230kV Source
CCVT
100
Ohms
4
Ohms
50
Ohms
Strike
V
1.5m
Arr1
190kV SA950
MCOV
3.5m
4 ohms
L- Impulse
TR911
CB910
J1
J2
15
CB910 15
23.5
23.5
TWR5
12.5m
Arr4
50m
Afram
LCC
TWR6
50m
LCC
50m
LCC
Afram
TR-911
1.5m
BCT
Y
X0047
22.65
CB915
SA954
CB915
190kV
MCOV
5.5m
22.65
CB
TR-C
4 ohms
22.65
Arr7
190kV
MCOV
22.65
No SA # given
12.5m
Arr5
23.5
50m
Afram
LCC
5.5m
Afram
J3
23.5 CB
15
15
CB
1 ohms
J4
190kV
MCOV
SA956
1.5m
TR910 TR-910
V
BCT
5.5m
4 ohms
Arr6
15.3m
15.3m
TR-C
190kV
MCOV
SA952
TR912
BCT
Y
BCT
TR900 TR900
Y
1.5m
Arr3
1.5m
Arr2
TR900
1.5m
V
TR912
1.5m
5.5m
TR-912
SA952
TR-900
190kV
MCOV
190kV
MCOV
TR-C
TR-C
5.5m
190kV
MCOV
4 ohms
5.5m
4 ohms
SA951
4 ohms
By
ArresterWorks
For
ArresterWorks
Page 1
Contents
Summary ............................................................ 3
Conclusions ........................................................ 5
Basis of Analysis ................................................ 6
Scope of Work .................................................... 6
Analysis Methodology ........................................ 6
Equipment Characteristics ................................. 6
Lightning Analysis
Assumptions ................................................ 7
One Line Diagram ...................................... 8
Key to One Line Diagram ............................ 9
Scenario Descriptions ............................... 10
Incoming Surge Consideration .................. 10
Lightning Analysis Results
Scenario 1 Arresters at Transformers Only
Scenario 1 Waveshapes .......................... 11
Scenario 1 Voltage Analysis .................... 12
Scenario 2 Arresters at Trans and Line Entrance
Scenario 2 Waveshapes ......................... 13
Scenario 2 Voltage Analysis .................... 14
Scenario 3 Arresters at All Locations
Scenario 3 Waveshapes ......................... 15
Scenario 3 Voltage Analysis .................... 15
Scenario 4 Open Breaker Analysis
Scenario 4 Waveshapes ......................... 16
Scenario 4 Voltage Analysis .................... 17
Clearance Analysis ......................................... 18
References ..................................................... 19
Annex A CFO-BIL Graphic ............................ 20
Annex B Margin of Protection Definition ...... 21
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 2
Phase 2B
ArresterWorks
Analysis Summary
.. is expanding a 260kV substation to accommodate increased production of bitumen at the --------------as part of a 3 phase project. This expansion project is part of Phase B2. The substation will be expanded to
include two more transformers and a 260kV ring bus. This insulation coordination study was commissioned
by ------------------------------ to confirm that the proposed arrester locations will adequately protect the
substation and transformers from flashover during a lightning strike. This analysis was done using methods
as outlined in the application guides IEEE 1313.2 [2], IEEE C62.22 [3], Insulation Coordination of Power
Systems by Andrew Hileman [1] and ATPDraw [6]. ATPDraw is the time domain based transient software
used to determine the voltage stresses throughout the station during surge events.
Lightning Protection Analysis of Bus
The station was modeled in ATP using drawings supplied by --------------------------. The voltages throughout the
station were determined with a surge entering the station from the incoming line. The resulting voltage values
at specified junctions in the substation were used to calculate the protection margins based on equipment data
also supplied by ---------.
The bus analysis was completed two ways, with arresters installed only at the transformers (scenario 1) and
then including the line entrance arrester (scenario 2). As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the bus
insulation at location J1 is the most highly stress but still has >50% more BIL than needed. Even with
arresters only installed at the transformers as shown in scenario 1, the insulation has <50% more BIL than
minimum. The 190kV MCOV arresters and their location do adequately protect the bus insulation in this
substation.
Table 1
Installed Insulation
Level (kV)
IEEE Recommended
level above Min
535.3
1300
142.9%
0.00%
TR910
539.9
1050
94.5%
0.00%
TR911
549.2
1050
91.2%
0.00%
TR912
539.9
1050
94.5%
0.00%
Voltage at J1
595.8
900
51.1%
0.00%
Voltage at J2
605.1
900
48.7%
0.00%
Voltage at J3
530.6
900
69.6%
0.00%
539.9
900
66.7%
0.00%
TR9001
Voltage at J4
1300
158.6%
0.00%
TR910
349.1
1050
200.8%
0.00%
TR911
512.0
1050
105.1%
0.00%
TR912
512.0
1050
105.1%
0.00%
Voltage at J1
591.1
900
52.3%
0.00%
Voltage at J2
386.3
900
133.0%
0.00%
Voltage at J3
535.3
900
68.1%
0.00%
502.7
900
79.0%
0.00%
TR900
Voltage at J4
Note 1: For all 4 transformers in this table, the analysis in for the bushing only, not winding
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 3
Phase 2B
Table 2
Scenario 1
Voltage stress
at windings per
ATP (kV)
BIL
Transformer
Margin of
Protection
of
Transformer
IEEE
Recommendation
above Min
% above the
IEEE
Recommended
575
1050
83%
20%
63%
580
825
42%
20%
22%
590
825
40%
20%
20%
580
825
42%
20%
22%
540
1050
94%
20%
74%
375
825
120%
20%
100%
550
825
50%
20%
30%
550
825
50%
20%
30%
500
1050
110%
20%
90%
375
825
120%
20%
100%
530
825
56%
20%
36%
550
825
50%
20%
30%
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 4
Phase 2B
Table 3
Min Recommended by
IEEE
-8%
0.0 %
18%
0.0 %
Clearance Analysis
The clearance requirements in a substation are a function of the lightning impulse levels. For this analysis, the
worst case voltage levels as calculated using ATP are compared to the lowest actual clearance in the station.
From table 4 can be seen that there is ample phase to phase and phase to ground clearance in this sub.
Table 4
Actual (meters)
% above Actual
Clearance p-p
1.15
3.5
203.8%
and p-g
1.15
2.4
108.3%
1.13
3.5
211.0%
and p-g
1.13
2.4
113.2%
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 5
Phase 2B
Scope of Work
Station Insulation Protection
Determine the margins of protection of the station bus with the installed protection.
Determine the effect on the station from an open breaker and no line terminal arresters.
Transformer Insulation Protection
Determine the margin of protection of the 260/13.8kV substation transformers with existing
arrester protection.
Determine the margin of protection of the 234/25kV substation transformers with existing
arrester protection.
Methods of Analysis
Lightning Protection Analysis of Bus
The apparatus withstand levels were given by Rising Edge Engineering. These levels were then
used in a margin analysis using ATPDraw and ATP to calculate voltages throughout the substation
based on methods presented in IEEE 1313.2 and Insulation Coordination of Power Systems [1].
The surge arrester characteristics were obtained from Cooper Power Systems AZG catalog
section I235-84.
Equipment Characteristics
The equipment subjected to surges in these substations are:
1. Post Insulators for bus support
900kV BIL
2. Insulators on disconnect switches
1050kV BIL
3. Breaker Bushings
1300kV BIL
4. Transformer 900
1300kV BIL Bushings 1050kV BIL Windings
5. Transformers 910, 911, 912
1050kV BIL Bushings 850kV BIL Windings
6. Incoming Line Insulation Level
1350kV CFO
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 6
Phase 2B
Lightning Analysis
Lightning surge withstand capability of the 230kV side of the substation is evaluated by calculating
the voltage magnitudes at critical points and comparing them to the BIL of the insulation at those
locations. ATP and ATPDraw were used to calculate the voltages. Voltage levels attained are a
function of the incoming surge steepness which is assumed to be the worst case for this analysis
(1000kV/us).
Elevation Coefficient
When determining the margin of protection of the insulation within a substation, the station elevation
needs to be considered. The impulse withstand capability of air decreases inversely proportionally to
the altitude. At 580m altitude, the flashover level of insulation is decreased by 7% as compared to
sea level. This 7% reduction is used in these calculations.
Table 5
Elevation Coefficient
Elevation in Feet
Elevation in Km
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
1900
.579
.9341
Page 7
Phase 2B
MEG Energy
Christina Lake Regional Project Phase 2B
Insulation Coordination Schematic
TWR2
50m
TWR1
50m
LCC
Afrm1
50m
16
LCC
LCC
TWR3
230kV Source
CCVT
100
Ohms
4
Ohms
50
Ohms
Strike
V
1.5m
Arr1
190kV SA950
MCOV
3.5m
4 ohms
L- Impulse
TR911
CB910
J1
J2
15
CB910 15
23.5
23.5
TWR5
12.5m
Arr4
50m
Afram
LCC
TWR6
50m
LCC
50m
LCC
Afram
TR-911
1.5m
BCT
Y
X0047
22.65
CB915
SA954
CB915
190kV
MCOV
5.5m
22.65
CB
TR-C
4 ohms
22.65
Arr7
190kV
MCOV
22.65
No SA # given
23.5
12.5m
Arr5
23.5 CB
15
50m
Afram
LCC
5.5m
Afram
J3
CB
15
1 ohms
J4
190kV
MCOV
SA956
1.5m
TR910 TR-910
V
BCT
5.5m
4 ohms
Arr6
15.3m
15.3m
TR-C
190kV
MCOV
TR912
BCT
Y
BCT
TR900 TR900
SA952
1.5m
Arr3
1.5m
Arr2
TR900
1.5m
V
TR912
1.5m
5.5m
TR-912
SA952
TR-900
190kV
MCOV
190kV
MCOV
TR-C
4 ohms
TR-C
5.5m
190kV
MCOV
4 ohms
SA951
5.5m
4 ohms
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 8
50m
16m
Phase 2B
LCC
50 meters of 230kV
horizontal transmission
line with two overhead
shield wires in H format
1.5m
V
4
Ohms
190kV SA950
MCOV
Towers and
A Frame with insulator that
flashover at 1350kV on C phase
only. also 16 meters of bus
3.5m
4 ohms
TR-910
1.5m
BCT
Y
TR-C
22.65
V
260-13.8kV Transformer
with 1.5 meters of bus
between arrester and
bushing 3nf capacitance
is the transformer cap
CB915
22.65
L- Impulse
Lighting source
Current source
Figure 2
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 9
Phase 2B
Scenario Descriptions
Scenario 1: Analysis of Station with Arresters at the transformers only
This would be the minimum protection in a substation of this type. This scenario is ran for comparison
purposes only.
Scenario 2: Analysis of Station with Arresters at the transformers and at the line entrance
This scenario generally offers very good transformer protection and improved bus protection. Often times
it is the only way to insure no flashover during an open breaker situation.
Scenario 3: Analysis of Station with Arresters at the transformers, center and entrance
This scenario was completed to evaluate the added value of the two arresters sets installed in the center
of the station.
Scenario 4: Open Breaker Scenario
This scenario is for an incoming surge where the breaker is open (generally during a fault clearing event).
The only part of the station that is affected by this scenario is the line terminal and the bus up to the open
breaker.
3.0
[MV]
2.5
3000kV/us
at Tower2
Phase C
2.0
1.5
1000kV/us
at Aframe 1
Phase C
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
0
4
v:TWR1C
[us]
v:AFRM1C
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 10
10
Phase 2B
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 11
Phase 2B
Table 6 summarizes the substation protection at transformers and points on the bus if arresters are installed at the
transformers only. The results show that protection in this case is all acceptable since all locations exceed that
recommended by IEEE standards.
Table 6
Minimum
Required BIL
(Note 1)
( kV 1.2/50 s
Impulse)
Installed
Insulation Level
(kV)
(Note 2)
(Note 3)
IEEE
Recommended
above Minimum
% apparatus BIL
above Min BIL
575
535.3
1300
142.9%
0.00%
580
539.9
1050
94.5%
0.00%
590
549.2
1050
91.2%
0.00%
580
539.9
1050
94.5%
0.00%
Voltage at J1
640
595.8
900
51.1%
0.00%
Voltage at J2
650
605.1
900
48.7%
0.00%
Voltage at J3
570
530.6
900
69.6%
0.00%
Voltage at J4
580
539.9
900
66.7%
0.00%
Actual
% above Actual
1.15
3.5
203.8%
1.15
2.4
108.3%
0.9341
BIL
Transformer
Margin of
Protection of
Transformer
IEEE
Recommendat
ion
% above the
IEEE
Recommended
575
1050
83%
20%
63%
580
825
42%
20%
22%
590
825
40%
20%
20%
580
825
42%
20%
22%
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 12
Phase 2B
Scenario 2: Analysis of Station with Arresters at the transformers and at the line entrance
This scenario was completed to show the protection levels with arresters installed at transformers and
line entrance only which is most common for this size substation. Figures 6 and 7 and Table 7 show
the output from ATP. The results show that there is good protection in this scenario.
Figure 6 Voltages at bus junctions with arresters at transformers and line entrance
Figure 7 Voltages at transformer bushings and windings with arresters at transformers and line entrance
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 13
Phase 2B
Table 7
Minimum
Required BIL
(Note 1)
( kV 1.2/50 s
Impulse)
Installed
Insulation
Level (kV)
(Note 2)
% apparatus
BIL above Min
BIL
(Note 3)
IEEE
Recommen
ded above
minimum
540
502.7
1300
158.6%
0.00%
375
349.1
1050
200.8%
0.00%
550
512.0
1050
105.1%
0.00%
550
512.0
1050
105.1%
0.00%
Voltage at J1
635
591.1
900
52.3%
0.00%
Voltage at J2
415
386.3
900
133.0%
0.00%
Voltage at J3
575
535.3
900
68.1%
0.00%
Voltage at J4
540
502.7
900
79.0%
0.00%
Actual
% above Actual
1.13
3.5
211.0%
1.13
2.4
113.2%
0.9341
IEEE
Recommendatio
n
% above the
IEEE
Recommen
ded
Winding Voltages
BIL Transformer
540
1050
94%
20%
74%
375
825
120%
20%
100%
550
825
50%
20%
30%
550
825
50%
20%
30%
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 14
Phase 2B
Scenario 3: Analysis of Station with Arresters at the transformers, center and entrance
This scenario is for the substation as proposed. The only difference between this scenario and
scenario 2 is the addition of the two sets of arresters in the center of the station. The voltage levels for
this scenario are marginally better than without the center sets of arresters installed.
1.2
[MV]
1.0
TR900= 500kV
TR912= 550kV
0.8
TR911= 530kV
0.6
TR910= 375kV
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
0
10
v:TR912C
15
v:TR910C
20
[us]
25
v:TR911C
Table 8
BIL
Transformer
Margin of
Protection of
Transformer
IEEE
Recommendation
500
1050
110%
20%
90%
375
825
120%
20%
100%
530
825
56%
20%
36%
550
825
50%
20%
30%
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
% above the
IEEE
Recommended
Page 15
Phase 2B
1.5
[MV]
TR900= 1055kV
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
0
10
15
v:CB910C
20
[us]
25
v:CB915C
Figure 9 Voltage levels on bus with breakers open and not line entrance arresters
1.5
[MV]
TR900= 816kV
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
0
10
15
v:CB910C
20
25
[us]
v:CB915C
Figure 10 Voltage levels on the bus and breaker bushing with line entrance arresters installed
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 16
30
Phase 2B
Table 9
Minimum Required
BIL (Note 1)
( kV 1.2/50 s
Impulse)
Installed
Insulation
Level (kV)
(Note 2)
%
apparatus
BIL above
Min BIL
(Note 3)
IEEE
Recommended
level above
minimum
-8.4%
0.00%
6.9%
0.00%
32.4%
0.00%
982.1
1055
Disconnect Switch Insulators
1050
982.1
1055
Breaker Bushings
900
982.1
1300
816
759.6
900
18.5%
0.00%
816
759.6
1050
38.2%
0.00%
Breaker Bushings
816
759.6
1300
71.1%
0.00%
0.934
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 17
Phase 2B
Clearance Analysis
The clearance requirements in a substation are a function of the lightning impulse levels. For this
analysis, the worst-case voltage levels as calculated using ATP are compared to the lowest actual
clearance in the station.
From table 4 can be seen that there is ample phase to phase and phase to ground clearance in this
sub.
Table 10
Actual (meters)
% above
Actual
1.15
3.5
203.8%
1.15
2.4
108.3%
1.13
3.5
211.0%
and p-g
1.13
2.4
113.2%
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 18
Phase 2B
References
[1]
Hileman, A.R., Insulation Coordination for Power Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1999, ISBN 08247-9957-7.
[2]
IEEE Std 1313.2-1999 (R2005) IEEE Guide for the Application of Insulation Coordination, Institute of
Electrical and Electronic Engineers, New York, 1999
[3]
IEEE Std C62.22-2009 IEEE Guide for the Application of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating-Current
Systems, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, New York, 2009
[4]
G.W. Brown, Designing EHV Lines to a given outage rate - Simplified Techniques, IEEE Transactions on
PA&S, March 1978 Pg 379-383.
[5]
IEEE Std C57 12 00 - 2006
IEEE Standard for Standard General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed
Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, New York, 2006
[6]
ATP and ATPDraw
Alternative Transients Program www.emtp.org the worlds most widely used
Electromagnetic Transients Program.
Jonathan Woodworth
ArresterWorks
Page 19
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1
Probability of Flashover
BIL
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Page 20
Jonathan Woodworth
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Page 21