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    Singapore International Mathematical Olympiad 2003 National Team Training Geometry

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    Sovan Nugroho
    1) Let P and Q be the feet of perpendiculars from the orthocenter H to the internal and external bisectors of an angle A in triangle ABC. If angle A is not a right angle, the line PQ bisects side BC. 2) If diagonals AC and BD of convex quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O, and P and Q are centroids and R and S are orthocenters of certain subtriangles, then PQ is perpendicular to RS. 3) If E is a point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC, and F is the foot of the perpendicular from E to BC, for any interior point M of segment EF , the angle bisectors of angles PMN

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    Singapore International Mathematical Olympiad 2003 National Team Training Geometry

    Uploaded by

    Sovan Nugroho
    34 views2 pages
    1) Let P and Q be the feet of perpendiculars from the orthocenter H to the internal and external bisectors of an angle A in triangle ABC. If angle A is not a right angle, the line PQ bisects side BC. 2) If diagonals AC and BD of convex quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O, and P and Q are centroids and R and S are orthocenters of certain subtriangles, then PQ is perpendicular to RS. 3) If E is a point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC, and F is the foot of the perpendicular from E to BC, for any interior point M of segment EF , the angle bisectors of angles PMN

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    training 20_03_2003

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    training 20_03_2003

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    1) Let P and Q be the feet of perpendiculars from the orthocenter H to the internal and external bisectors of an angle A in triangle ABC. If angle A is not a right angle, the line PQ bisects side BC. 2) If diagonals AC and BD of convex quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O, and P and Q are centroids and R and S are orthocenters of certain subtriangles, then PQ is perpendicular to RS. 3) If E is a point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC, and F is the foot of the perpendicular from E to BC, for any interior point M of segment EF , the angle bisectors of angles PMN

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views2 pages

    Singapore International Mathematical Olympiad 2003 National Team Training Geometry

    Uploaded by

    Sovan Nugroho
    1) Let P and Q be the feet of perpendiculars from the orthocenter H to the internal and external bisectors of an angle A in triangle ABC. If angle A is not a right angle, the line PQ bisects side BC. 2) If diagonals AC and BD of convex quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O, and P and Q are centroids and R and S are orthocenters of certain subtriangles, then PQ is perpendicular to RS. 3) If E is a point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC, and F is the foot of the perpendicular from E to BC, for any interior point M of segment EF , the angle bisectors of angles PMN

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Singapore International Mathematical Olympiad 2003

    National Team Training


    Geometry
    (8) Let P and Q be the feet of the perpendiculars from the orthocenter on
    triangle ABC onto the internal and external bisectors of A. Assume that
    A is not a right angle, show that the line through P and Q bisects BC.
    Solution. Let H be the orthocenter and consider the circle C with diameter
    AH. Observe that P, S, Q, D all lie on this circle. Since P AQ is a right
    angle, P Q is another diameter of C. Also DAQ = SAQ, so the arcs DQ
    and SQ on C have the same length. Thus the diameter P Q must be the
    perpendicular bisector of the segment DS. Now consider the circle C  with
    diameter BC. S and D both lie on C  . Hence P Q, which is the perpendicular bisector of the chord DS of C  , must pass through the center of C  , which
    is the midpoint of BC.

    (9) Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral whose diagonals AC and BD


    intersect at O. If P and Q are the centroids of triangles AOD and BOC
    respectively, and R and S are the orthocenters of triangles AOB and DOC
    respectively, show that P Q RS.
    Solution. Construct P  and Q so that P  AOD nd Q COB are parallelograms. We rst claim that P Q is parallel to P  Q . In fact, using vectors,
    OP  = OA + OD and OP = (OA + OD)/3. So OP  = 3OP . Similarly,
    OQ = 3OQ. Thus P  Q = OQ OP  = 3(OQ OP ) = 3P Q. This proves
    the claim.

    Hence it suces to show that RS is perpendicular to P  Q . Draw all four


    lines through B and D parallel and perpendicular to AC. From here, I
    use coordinate geometry, you may be able to nd a better way. Set up a
    coordinate system with D as the origin and DP  as the y-axis. Set A = (a, b),
    B = (c, d) and C = (a, e). We nd that
    d(b d)
    ad
    ) R = (a +
    , d)
    c
    c
    (c a)d
    ed
    ).
    S = (a + , 0) Q = (c, e +
    c
    c
    Hence the slope of P  Q is (e + d b)/c and the slope of RS is c/(b d e).
    This shows that P  Q and RS are perpendicular.
    P  = (0, b

    (10) Let E be an interior point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC.


    Label the foot of the perpendicular from E onto BC as F . From and interior
    point M of the segment EF , drop perpendiculars onto the sides AB and AC
    and let the feet of these perpendiculars be P and N respectively. Show that
    the angle bisectors of P M N and P EN are either parallel or coincide.
    Solution. Observe that AP M N are concyclic. Hence P M N = 180 A.
    Therefore, the bisector of P M N makes an angle of 90 A/2 with the
    segment P M , which impies that it makes an angle of A/2 with the line
    AP . Thus the bisector of P M N is parallel to the bisector of A. We now
    show that the bisector of P EN is also parallel to the bisector of A. Let
    the line through E parallel to BC meet the sides AB and AC at H and K
    respectively. Since E lies on the median from A, HE = EK. Also, EHP M
    are concyclic and EKN M are concyclic. Therefore,
    EP H = EM H = EM K = EN K.
    Considering the quadrilateral AP EN ,
    360 P EN + A + EP H + EN K = 360 .
    It follows that P EN = A + 2EP H. Thus the bisector of P EN makes
    and angle of EP H + A/2 with P E. Hence it is parallel to the bisector
    of A, as required.

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