1) Let P and Q be the feet of perpendiculars from the orthocenter H to the internal and external bisectors of an angle A in triangle ABC. If angle A is not a right angle, the line PQ bisects side BC.
2) If diagonals AC and BD of convex quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O, and P and Q are centroids and R and S are orthocenters of certain subtriangles, then PQ is perpendicular to RS.
3) If E is a point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC, and F is the foot of the perpendicular from E to BC, for any interior point M of segment EF , the angle bisectors of angles PMN
1) Let P and Q be the feet of perpendiculars from the orthocenter H to the internal and external bisectors of an angle A in triangle ABC. If angle A is not a right angle, the line PQ bisects side BC.
2) If diagonals AC and BD of convex quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O, and P and Q are centroids and R and S are orthocenters of certain subtriangles, then PQ is perpendicular to RS.
3) If E is a point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC, and F is the foot of the perpendicular from E to BC, for any interior point M of segment EF , the angle bisectors of angles PMN
1) Let P and Q be the feet of perpendiculars from the orthocenter H to the internal and external bisectors of an angle A in triangle ABC. If angle A is not a right angle, the line PQ bisects side BC.
2) If diagonals AC and BD of convex quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O, and P and Q are centroids and R and S are orthocenters of certain subtriangles, then PQ is perpendicular to RS.
3) If E is a point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC, and F is the foot of the perpendicular from E to BC, for any interior point M of segment EF , the angle bisectors of angles PMN
1) Let P and Q be the feet of perpendiculars from the orthocenter H to the internal and external bisectors of an angle A in triangle ABC. If angle A is not a right angle, the line PQ bisects side BC.
2) If diagonals AC and BD of convex quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O, and P and Q are centroids and R and S are orthocenters of certain subtriangles, then PQ is perpendicular to RS.
3) If E is a point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC, and F is the foot of the perpendicular from E to BC, for any interior point M of segment EF , the angle bisectors of angles PMN
Singapore International Mathematical Olympiad 2003
National Team Training
Geometry (8) Let P and Q be the feet of the perpendiculars from the orthocenter on triangle ABC onto the internal and external bisectors of A. Assume that A is not a right angle, show that the line through P and Q bisects BC. Solution. Let H be the orthocenter and consider the circle C with diameter AH. Observe that P, S, Q, D all lie on this circle. Since P AQ is a right angle, P Q is another diameter of C. Also DAQ = SAQ, so the arcs DQ and SQ on C have the same length. Thus the diameter P Q must be the perpendicular bisector of the segment DS. Now consider the circle C with diameter BC. S and D both lie on C . Hence P Q, which is the perpendicular bisector of the chord DS of C , must pass through the center of C , which is the midpoint of BC.
(9) Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral whose diagonals AC and BD
intersect at O. If P and Q are the centroids of triangles AOD and BOC respectively, and R and S are the orthocenters of triangles AOB and DOC respectively, show that P Q RS. Solution. Construct P and Q so that P AOD nd Q COB are parallelograms. We rst claim that P Q is parallel to P Q . In fact, using vectors, OP = OA + OD and OP = (OA + OD)/3. So OP = 3OP . Similarly, OQ = 3OQ. Thus P Q = OQ OP = 3(OQ OP ) = 3P Q. This proves the claim.
Hence it suces to show that RS is perpendicular to P Q . Draw all four
lines through B and D parallel and perpendicular to AC. From here, I use coordinate geometry, you may be able to nd a better way. Set up a coordinate system with D as the origin and DP as the y-axis. Set A = (a, b), B = (c, d) and C = (a, e). We nd that d(b d) ad ) R = (a + , d) c c (c a)d ed ). S = (a + , 0) Q = (c, e + c c Hence the slope of P Q is (e + d b)/c and the slope of RS is c/(b d e). This shows that P Q and RS are perpendicular. P = (0, b
(10) Let E be an interior point on the median AD of acute triangle ABC.
Label the foot of the perpendicular from E onto BC as F . From and interior point M of the segment EF , drop perpendiculars onto the sides AB and AC and let the feet of these perpendiculars be P and N respectively. Show that the angle bisectors of P M N and P EN are either parallel or coincide. Solution. Observe that AP M N are concyclic. Hence P M N = 180 A. Therefore, the bisector of P M N makes an angle of 90 A/2 with the segment P M , which impies that it makes an angle of A/2 with the line AP . Thus the bisector of P M N is parallel to the bisector of A. We now show that the bisector of P EN is also parallel to the bisector of A. Let the line through E parallel to BC meet the sides AB and AC at H and K respectively. Since E lies on the median from A, HE = EK. Also, EHP M are concyclic and EKN M are concyclic. Therefore, EP H = EM H = EM K = EN K. Considering the quadrilateral AP EN , 360 P EN + A + EP H + EN K = 360 . It follows that P EN = A + 2EP H. Thus the bisector of P EN makes and angle of EP H + A/2 with P E. Hence it is parallel to the bisector of A, as required.