This document provides information on types and design considerations for transfer stations. It describes three main types of transfer stations: direct load stations where waste is emptied directly into transport vehicles; storage load stations where waste is stored temporarily before loading; and combined direct load and discharge load stations. Key design factors discussed include throughput capacity, equipment needs, and sanitation requirements. The document also discusses material recovery facilities that can be integrated with transfer stations to recover recyclables. Case studies are presented on potential transfer station designs for residential, market, and shopping complex areas.
This document provides information on types and design considerations for transfer stations. It describes three main types of transfer stations: direct load stations where waste is emptied directly into transport vehicles; storage load stations where waste is stored temporarily before loading; and combined direct load and discharge load stations. Key design factors discussed include throughput capacity, equipment needs, and sanitation requirements. The document also discusses material recovery facilities that can be integrated with transfer stations to recover recyclables. Case studies are presented on potential transfer station designs for residential, market, and shopping complex areas.
This document provides information on types and design considerations for transfer stations. It describes three main types of transfer stations: direct load stations where waste is emptied directly into transport vehicles; storage load stations where waste is stored temporarily before loading; and combined direct load and discharge load stations. Key design factors discussed include throughput capacity, equipment needs, and sanitation requirements. The document also discusses material recovery facilities that can be integrated with transfer stations to recover recyclables. Case studies are presented on potential transfer station designs for residential, market, and shopping complex areas.
This document provides information on types and design considerations for transfer stations. It describes three main types of transfer stations: direct load stations where waste is emptied directly into transport vehicles; storage load stations where waste is stored temporarily before loading; and combined direct load and discharge load stations. Key design factors discussed include throughput capacity, equipment needs, and sanitation requirements. The document also discusses material recovery facilities that can be integrated with transfer stations to recover recyclables. Case studies are presented on potential transfer station designs for residential, market, and shopping complex areas.
Direct load TS : the wastes in the collection vehicles are emptied directly into the open top transfer vehicle, or into the compacting facilities, or into waste bales that are transported to landfill, or onto a moving conveyor to transport them to processing facilities. Sometimes the wastes are emptied onto an unloading platform, and then pushed into transfer vehicles (surge capacity, emergency storage capacity) Storage load TS: wastes from collection vehicles are placed in the storage pit, and pushed into open-top transport trailers or into compaction facilities, or into a moving conveyor to transport them to processing facilities Combined direct load and discharge load: wastes discharged onto unloading platform. After recyclable materials have been removed, the remaining waste is loaded into transport trailers with front end loaders
Types of TS
Classification of TS according to capacity
Small (less than 100 ton/day) Medium (between 100 - 500 ton/day) Large (more than 500 ton/day)
Direct load TS without compaction
Wastes are directly emptied to transport vehicle TS consists of 2 levels: Elevated level: unloading platform, where wastes from collection vehicle are emptied Lower level: loading platform, where wastes are loaded to transport vehicle
Operation:
Arriving truck is weighed in the weigh bridge
Truck driver is given stall number for unloading Unloading process Reweighing of the trucks Payment of disposal fee
Direct Load TS
Weigh booth Platform scale
Approach ramp
Direct load TS
Direct load TS with compactors
Equipped with compactors Wastes are compacted in the trailers Wastes are compacted to produce waste bales
Rubber tired vehicle is used to load the wastes
from the unloading zone into the compactor Objective of compaction: to reduce volume for reducing transfer cost
Compactor with open
top direct load chute
Large capacity baler.
Wastes are loaded into baler with continuous feed conveyor
Medium capacity direct load TS
Small capacity direct load TS
Direct load TS with compaction
Storage load TS Wastes are emptied directly into a storage pit Then the wastes are loaded into transport vehicles by auxiliary equipment The storage load TS has a capacity to store wastes 1-3 days
Large capacity storage load TS (2000 t/day)
Storage load TS without compaction
Combined direct load and discharge
load TS This system is used when material recovey from SW (MRF) is operated Collection trucks are weighed, and proceed direct load of SW to the trailers Individual waste haulers go to scale house for check in. Recyclable materials should be stored in the Recycling area. Other wastes are disposed of in the public unloading area.
Combined direct load and discharge load TS
TS with MRF Generally involves loading of trailers with separated and or processed materials (eg baled paper, cardboard, plastics) Involves direct load and storage load operations
Storage load TS with processing and
compaction facilities
TS design requirements Type of transfer operation to be used Storage and throughput capacity requirements Equipment and accessory requirements Sanitation requirements
TS capacity requirements Throughput and storage capacity requirements must be evaluated carefully Throughput capacity: collection vehicles should not wait too long to unload (WHY?) Trade-off analysis between the TS capacity and transport operation (equipment & labor components) cost should be made.
Transport vehicles Requirements: Wastes must be transported at minimum costs Wastes must be covered during the haul operation Vehicles must be designed for highway traffic Vehicle capacity must not exceed allowable weight Methods for unloading must be simple
Types of transport vehicles
Unloading must be simple
MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF)
MRF is a facility where solid wastes are separated and processed. MRF may be integrated with transfer facilities (MR/TF) MRTF include the functions of: A drop off center for separated wastes. Recyclable wastes have been separated at source. People bring separated waste to the drop off center A materials separated facility: manual or mechanical Size reduction facility: shredders, hammer mill, cyclone separator rtc A facility for composting and bioconversion of solid wastes A facility for the production of refuse derived fuel, and transfer & transport facility
Waste separation
MRF Activities
Most commonly used SW
transformation Objective: to reduce SW quantity to be disposed of Chemical transformation: combustion, in conjunction to energy recovery Biological transformation: aerobic composting
Studi kasus I TPS Permukiman di Kota Surabaya memiliki luas 100-300 m2 Jumlah KK yang dilayani 500, dengan timbulan sampah rumah tangga 0.3 kg/kap.hari. Rata2 jumlah anggota keluarga = 4 orang Densitas sampah lepas 150 kg/m3, di dalam kontainer 300 kg/m3 Komposisi sampah: Sampah basah 70% - Gelas : 2% Plastik : 15% - Tekstil : 2% Kertas: 6 % - Logam: 1 % Karet/kulit: 2 % - Sampah lain : 2% Teknologi apakah yang dapat diterapkan, serta jelaskan pula akan kebutuhan SDM dan sarana prasarana Berapa luas minimum lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk realisasi rekomendasi Anda tersebut?
Studi kasus II TPS Pasar di Kota Surabaya memiliki luas rata-rata 200 m2 Timbulan sampah 20 m3/hari Densitas sampah lepas 200 kg/m3, di dalam kontainer 400 kg/m3 Komposisi sampah: Sampah basah 80%- Gelas : 0.5% Plastik : 14% - Tekstil : 0% Kertas: 3 % - Logam: 0.5 % Karet/kulit: 1 % - Sampah lain : 1% Rekomendasikan upaya pengembangan TPS tersebut menjadi prasarana yang berbasis pengurangan sampah Teknologi apakah yang dapat diterapkan, serta jelaskan pula akan kebutuhan SDM dan sarana prasarana Berapa luas minimum lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk realisasi rekomendasi Anda tersebut?
Studi kasus III
TPS sebuah kompleks Pertokoan di Kota Surabaya memiliki luas 200 m2 Timbulan sampah 25 m3/hari Densitas sampah lepas 200 kg/m3, di dalam kontainer 400 kg/m3 Komposisi sampah: Sampah basah 60% - Gelas: 2 % Plastik : 25% - Tekstil : 1 % Kertas: 3 % - Logam: 2 % Karet/kulit: 1 % - Sampah lain : 1% Rekomendasikan upaya pengembangan TPS tersebut menjadi prasarana yang berbasis pengurangan sampah Teknologi apakah yang dapat diterapkan, serta jelaskan pula akan kebutuhan SDM dan sarana prasarana Berapa luas minimum lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk realisasi rekomendasi Anda tersebut?
Asumsi2 Laju pemilahan manual oleh seorang pekerja: 1 m3/jam Harga conveyor sepanjang 100 m USD 50.500. Sedangkan harga yang memiliki panjang 200 m USD 80.000 Laju pemilahan dengan conveyor 2 m3/jam.pekerja Upah pekerja Rp. 40.000/hari. 1 hari 8 jam kerja, dengan waktu istirahat 1 jam Harga produk daur-ulang/hasil pemilahan: Kompos: Rp. 1000/kg Plastik campuran: Rp. 1500/kg Kertas campuran: Rp. 900/kg Logam campuran: Rp. 1500/kg Harga plastik, kertas, dan logam yang terpisah lebih lanjut lebih tinggi, dan dapat diasumsikan secara khusus.
(Social Movements, Protest, And Contention 14) Sanjeev Khagram, James v. Riker, Kathryn Sikkink-Restructuring World Politics_ Transnational Social Movements, Networks, And Norms-University of Minnesot
