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    Vianzon, Reynaldo JR., M BSN Logic: Inference

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    Sarah Benjamin
    This document discusses different types of logical inference and syllogisms. It defines inference as deriving logical conclusions from true premises, and identifies two types: immediate inference from one premise and mediate inference passing through an additional proposition. Syllogism is deductive reasoning from two or more premises to arrive at a conclusion. Categorical syllogism contains exactly three terms in three propositions, while hypothetical syllogism involves at least one hypothetical proposition. Varieties of categorical syllogism include enthymemes missing part of an argument, epichiremes with proven premises, polysyllogisms chaining syllogisms, and dilemmas combining conditional and disjunctive propositions.

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    Vianzon, Reynaldo JR., M BSN Logic: Inference

    Uploaded by

    Sarah Benjamin
    27 views2 pages
    This document discusses different types of logical inference and syllogisms. It defines inference as deriving logical conclusions from true premises, and identifies two types: immediate inference from one premise and mediate inference passing through an additional proposition. Syllogism is deductive reasoning from two or more premises to arrive at a conclusion. Categorical syllogism contains exactly three terms in three propositions, while hypothetical syllogism involves at least one hypothetical proposition. Varieties of categorical syllogism include enthymemes missing part of an argument, epichiremes with proven premises, polysyllogisms chaining syllogisms, and dilemmas combining conditional and disjunctive propositions.

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    Logic Report

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    This document discusses different types of logical inference and syllogisms. It defines inference as deriving logical conclusions from true premises, and identifies two types: immediate inference from one premise and mediate inference passing through an additional proposition. Syllogism is deductive reasoning from two or more premises to arrive at a conclusion. Categorical syllogism contains exactly three terms in three propositions, while hypothetical syllogism involves at least one hypothetical proposition. Varieties of categorical syllogism include enthymemes missing part of an argument, epichiremes with proven premises, polysyllogisms chaining syllogisms, and dilemmas combining conditional and disjunctive propositions.

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    27 views2 pages

    Vianzon, Reynaldo JR., M BSN Logic: Inference

    Uploaded by

    Sarah Benjamin
    This document discusses different types of logical inference and syllogisms. It defines inference as deriving logical conclusions from true premises, and identifies two types: immediate inference from one premise and mediate inference passing through an additional proposition. Syllogism is deductive reasoning from two or more premises to arrive at a conclusion. Categorical syllogism contains exactly three terms in three propositions, while hypothetical syllogism involves at least one hypothetical proposition. Varieties of categorical syllogism include enthymemes missing part of an argument, epichiremes with proven premises, polysyllogisms chaining syllogisms, and dilemmas combining conditional and disjunctive propositions.

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    Vianzon, Reynaldo Jr.

    , M
    BSN
    Logic

    Inference - is the act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises


    known or assumed to be true. The conclusion drawn is also called an idiomatic.
    The laws of valid inference are studied in the field of logic.
    Kinds of Inference
    1.
    Immediate Inference springs directly from a single premise to a
    conclusion without the mediation of any other premise. A conclusion is drawn
    from a single premise. The given proposition is called the premise and the
    proposition deduced or inferred from it is called the conclusion.
    2.
    Mediate Inference the inferential thinking process passes from one
    proposition to another through a medium. It is called the middle term or another
    proposition. There is not only a new proposition, but also a new truth, which is
    drawn by the mind from the first proposition through a medium.
    Syllogism - is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to
    arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or
    assumed to be true.
    Kinds of Syllogism
    1.
    Categorical Syllogism a deductive argument consisting of three
    categorical propositions that contain exactly three terms, each of which occurs in
    exactly two of the propositions. This process of reasoning is grounded on selfevident logical axioms, deduced from the metaphysical principles of identity and
    contradiction.
    2.
    Hypothetical Syllogism it is a kind wherein at least one proposition is a
    hypothetical proposition. It does not involve a direct assertion of agreement or
    disagreement between the subject and the predicate. They express the
    dependence of the truth or falsity of one statement upon the truth or falsity of
    another statement.
    Varieties of Categorical Syllogism
    1.
    The Enthymeme - is an abbreviated or shortened type of categorical
    syllogism in that one of its premises or its conclusion is left unexpressed.
    Enthymemes are of three categories, distinguished on the basis of the missing
    [art of an argument.
    2.
    The Epichireme - is a type of categorical syllogism whose premise or
    premise are provided with proofs. The proof is often joined with the premise with
    a causal connective such as for, because, since, due to, and so on.

    3.
    The Polysyllogism - is a chain of syllogisms which are constructed in a
    manner that the conclusion of the first syllogism serves as the premise of the
    next, and so on. The word polysyllogism is derived from the Greek word poly
    which means many. For the syllogism to be valid each individual syllogism
    must be valid by observing the rules of simple syllogism. Just one invalid
    individual syllogism in the series will render the whole chain of syllogism invalid.
    4.
    The Dilemma - is a type of syllogism which combines the conditional and
    the disjunctive propositions. The major premise consists of two or more
    additional propositions. The minor premise is a disjunction proposition that their
    affirms the antecedents or denies the consequents of each of the simple
    conditional propositions. The dilemma is either constructive or destructive in
    form.
    Reference :

    Fundamentals of Logic by Ma. Imelda Nabor-Nery (Pages 52-28)

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