Bronchitis Acute Brochitis: Definition
Bronchitis Acute Brochitis: Definition
Bronchitis Acute Brochitis: Definition
ACUTE BROCHITIS
DEFINITION:
Acute bronchitis is defined as the inflammation of the bronchi and it is
usually occurs in the trachea. It is also called Bracheo Bronchitis.
ETIOLOGY:
Influenza)
Viral Pathogens (Rhinovirus, Adenovirus)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Due to the etiological factors
(weakens in defense mechanism)
Pathogenic bacteria or virus reside in nose and pharynx
Colonization occurs in trachea and bronchi
DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES:
History Collection Regarding any history of chronic lung diseases
and their occupational pattern.
Physical Examination On palpation and percussion the patient is
having tenderness over sternum and increased in their respiratory rate.
On auscultation crackles sound can be heard and having mild to high
grade fever.
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
DEFINITION:
Chronic Bronchitis is defined as the presence of a productive cough
that lasts 3 year for 2 consecutive years.
ETIOLOGY:
Cigarette smoking
Exposure to pollution
History of infections (Bacterial, Viral, Mycoplasmal)
Environmental Pollution
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
DIAGNOSITC FEATURES:
History Collection Regarding family history of any disease,
occupational pattern and environmental exposure.
Physical Examination On Inspection Skin appears dusky, cyanosis
and dyspnea.
Chest X-Ray It reveals enlarged heart. In Cor Pulmonale chest film
shows increased Broncho-Vascular markings.
Pulmonary Function Test There will be a decreased PTT from 2575%.
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis PaO2 is less than 50 mm Hg and
PaCo2 is more than 50 mm Hg.
Sputum Culture In order to detect the presence of bacterial and viral
colonization.
MANAGEMENT:
Medical Management:
Avoid the repeated exposure to respiratory irritants.
Administration of Bronchodilators to relieve bronchospasm and reduce
airway obstruction by removing bronchial secretions.
In case of severe bronchospasm administration of IV fluids to restore
the hydration level.
Oral fluid is given to loosen the secretions and it can be removed by
coughing.
Corticosteroids may be administered along with bronchodilators for an
effective treatment.
Antibiotic therapy can be used for the chronic and recurrent respiratory
tract infection.
Based on culture and sensitivity results antimicrobial therapy should be
started.
Patients should be immunized against common viral agents such as
influenza and pneumonia.
Improve the alveolar ventilation by postural drainage and chest
percussion after treatments. So that O2 is distributed throughout the
lungs.
COMPLICATIONS:
INFECTION
RESPIRATO
RY FAILURE