Modeling and Simulation With ECOTECT
Modeling and Simulation With ECOTECT
Modeling and Simulation With ECOTECT
The above image shows a perspective view of the model, with individual colour for each zone
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Mashrabias for the openings at the tons with a degree of transmission of 25%
The courtyard windows can have a higher transmission, because they are shaded
nearly the whole day.
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The number, sizes and arrangements of mashrabias and windows have been done by
the help of lighting simulations with the software ECOTECT. The calculations were
done with the CIE overcast sky modus. Simulations with clear sky modus are not
available yet with this software. But for a first test this is OK. All the simulations were
done with a wall and ceiling reflection of 80 % and a floor reflection of 40%. The
calculation height is at 80 cm above the floor.
We tried to achieve an as uniform as possible illumination of about 300-500 lx,
according to norms of different working tasks. It is difficult to achieve a good uniformity,
because the windows are narrow due to an easy construction and the outside
illuminance is very high.
The presentation of simulation results is always in the same scale of 0-1000 lx.
Living room:
3/3
4/4
kitchen:
Child 2:
5/5
These examples show, that the day lighting is satisfactory because the rate between the
lowest illuminance and the highest illuminance is about 1 : 3, which means that the eye
can adapt easily to the different lighting levels.
Electric light:
The cheapest solution with a good light quality is a tubular fluorescent lamp of 18 W, 36
W or 58 W. For the small rooms one 18 W lamp might be enough. According to the
efficiency method as example the parents room:
Surface : 15 m
Reflection wall: 80%
Reflection ceiling: 80%
Reflection floor: 40%
Lamp height: 2m
Lamp flux: 1350 lm
E=
r LB
a b
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natural
Operation:
Operation schedule:
Occupancy:
none
Heat gains:
none
Above legend shows colour distribution for each zone valid for above image in 6.1 and
following graphs.
The calculation for the hottest day in average delivered the following results:
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Clay construction:
C
W / m
40
2.0k
30
1.6k
20
1.2k
10
0.8k
0.4k
-10
Outside Temp.
Beam Solar
8
Diffuse Solar
10
12
Wind Speed
14
16
Zone Temp.
18
20
22
0.0k
Selected Zone
Brick construction:
C
W/ m
40
2.0k
30
1.6k
20
1.2k
10
0.8k
0.4k
-10
0
Outside Temp.
4
Beam Solar
8
Diffuse Solar
10
Wind Speed
12
14
Zone Temp.
8/8
16
18
Selected Zone
20
22
0.0k
The calculation for the coldest day in average delivered the following results:
Clay construction:
C
W/ m
40
2.0k
30
1.6k
20
1.2k
10
0.8k
0.4k
-10
Outside Temp.
Beam Solar
8
Diffuse Solar
10
12
W ind Speed
14
16
Zone Temp.
18
20
22
0.0k
Selected Zone
Brick construction:
C
W/ m
40
2.0k
30
1.6k
20
1.2k
10
0.8k
0.4k
-10
0
Outside Temp.
4
Beam Solar
8
Diffuse Solar
10
Wind Speed
12
14
16
Zone Temp.
9/9
18
Selected Zone
20
22
0.0k
W/ m
40
2.0k
30
1.6k
20
1.2k
10
0.8k
0.4k
-10
0
Outside Temp.
4
Beam Solar
8
Diffuse Solar
10
Wind Speed
12
14
Zone Temp.
16
18
20
22
0.0k
Selected Zone
As the graphs show the different materials nearly perform the same thermal behaviour.
Due to the thickness of construction parts and their thermal lag the inner temperatures
vary almost along the daily average temperature.
As for the hottest day comparing the graphs with and without ventilation the natural
ventilation at nighttime brings a reduction in temperature of about 4K at nighttime and
1K at daytime. With no further means the room temperatures in the building on the
hottest day vary between 33 to 36C at night and 35 to 37C during the day.
On the coldest day inside temperatures vary between 14C at night to 16C during the
day.
According to Mahony the comfort zone for the examined region can be assumed as
shown in the table below.
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Comfort zones
23,8 26,2 30,4 35 38,5 42,1 41,2 41,3 39,6 36,6 30,2 25,5
humidity group
31
31
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
31
31
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
25
25
9,4 12,6 17,5 21,1 24,2 24,5 24,7 22,2 19,3 14,5 9,9
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
24
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
hot
hot
hot
hot
hot
cold
cold
cold
In summer, the simulated inside temperatures during the day are only slightly over the
comfort zone. If we take into consideration that we calculated for the hottest day, the
temperatures during the day will be comfortable the most days. At night the
temperatures are to hot in comparison to the Mahony comfort zone. This problem could
be solved by additional means such as humidification and the wind catcher. These
effects could not be simulated in ECOTECT.
In winter, the coldest inside temperatures drop far below the comfort level during the
day and slightly below the comfort level at night. Considering that internal loads are not
integrated in the calculation can be assumed that in reality, the inner temperatures will
be 1 to 3 K, depending on the room, higher. If higher comfort is required, additional
heating e.g. solar heating can be applied.
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