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C Programming Structure and Function

This document discusses two methods of passing structures to functions in C: passing by value and passing by reference. When passing by value, changes made to the structure in the function do not affect the original structure variable. When passing by reference, the address of the structure is passed and changes made in the function are reflected in the original variable. Examples are provided to illustrate passing structures by value and reference to add two distance values entered by the user.

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232 views3 pages

C Programming Structure and Function

This document discusses two methods of passing structures to functions in C: passing by value and passing by reference. When passing by value, changes made to the structure in the function do not affect the original structure variable. When passing by reference, the address of the structure is passed and changes made in the function are reflected in the original variable. Examples are provided to illustrate passing structures by value and reference to add two distance values entered by the user.

Uploaded by

slspa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
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C Programming Structure and Function

In C, structure can be passed to functions by two methods:


1. Passing by value (passing actual value as argument)
2. Passing by reference (passing address of an argument)

Passing structure by value


A structure variable can be passed to the function as an argument as normal variable. If structure is passed by
value, change made in structure variable in function definition does not reflect in original structure variable in
calling function.
Write a C program to create a structure student, containing name and roll. Ask user the name and roll of a
student in main function. Pass this structure to a function and display the information in that function.
#include <stdio.h>
struct student{
char name[50];
int roll;
};
void Display(struct student stu);
/* function prototype should be below to the structure declaration otherwise compiler shows error */
int main(){
struct student s1;
printf("Enter student's name: ");
scanf("%s",&s1.name);
printf("Enter roll number:");
scanf("%d",&s1.roll);
Display(s1); // passing structure variable s1 as argument
return 0;
}
void Display(struct student stu){
printf("Output\nName: %s",stu.name);
printf("\nRoll: %d",stu.roll);
}

Output
Enter student's name: Kevin Amla
Enter roll number: 149
Output
Name: Kevin Amla
Roll: 149

Passing structure by reference


The address location of structure variable is passed to function while passing it by reference. If structure is
passed by reference, change made in structure variable in function definition reflects in original structure
variable in the calling function.

Write a C program to add two distances(feet-inch system) entered by user. To solve this program, make a
structure. Pass two structure variable (containing distance in feet and inch) to add function by reference
and display the result in main function without returning it.
#include <stdio.h>
struct distance{
int feet;
float inch;
};
void Add(struct distance d1,struct distance d2, struct distance *d3);
int main()
{
struct distance dist1, dist2, dist3;
printf("First distance\n");
printf("Enter feet: ");
scanf("%d",&dist1.feet);
printf("Enter inch: ");
scanf("%f",&dist1.inch);
printf("Second distance\n");
printf("Enter feet: ");
scanf("%d",&dist2.feet);
printf("Enter inch: ");
scanf("%f",&dist2.inch);
Add(dist1, dist2, &dist3);
/*passing structure variables dist1 and dist2 by value whereas passing structure variable dist3 by reference */
printf("\nSum of distances = %d\'-%.1f\"",dist3.feet, dist3.inch);
return 0;
}
void Add(struct distance d1,struct distance d2, struct distance *d3)
{
/* Adding distances d1 and d2 and storing it in d3 */
d3->feet=d1.feet+d2.feet;
d3->inch=d1.inch+d2.inch;
if (d3->inch>=12) {
/* if inch is greater or equal to 12, converting it to feet. */
d3->inch-=12;
++d3->feet;
}
}

Output
First distance
Enter feet: 12
Enter inch: 6.8
Second distance
Enter feet: 5
Enter inch: 7.5

Sum of distances = 18'-2.3"

Explaination
In this program, structure variables dist1 and dist2 are passed by value (because value
of dist1and dist2 does not need to be displayed in main function) and dist3 is passed by reference ,i.e,

address of dist3 (&dist3) is passed as an argument. Thus, the structure pointer variable d3 points to the
address of dist3. If any change is made in d3 variable, effect of it is seed in dist3 variable in main function.

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