Statics and Dynamics
Statics and Dynamics
Statics and Dynamics
Applications &
Economics
Basic Science/General
Engineering
Drilling
Engineering
Production
Engineering
Reservoir
Engineering
PREAMBLE
Objectives
Course Content
Ground Rules
Grading System
Caring Isnt Coddling
Learning is Your Responsibility
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Text Books
R. C. Hibbeler, Engineering MechanicsSTATICS, 12th Edition, PearsonPrentice Hall,
Objectives
To make you all the best engineers of the
21st century
The main objective of this course is to
provide students with a clear and thorough
presentation of the theory and application of
engineering mechanics. The concept will be
to apply the principles of mechanics first to a
particle then to a rigid-body subjected to a
coplanar system of forces.
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COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Provide students with a clear and thorough presentation
of the theory and application of engineering mechanics.
2. The concept will be to apply the principles of mechanics
first to a particle then to a rigid-body subjected to a
coplanar system of forces.
3. Draw free-body diagram which is particularly necessary
for solving mechanics problems.(e)
4. Apply the concept and understanding to solve problems
thereby improving their problem-solving skills.(a, e)
5. To continue to emphasize the importance of units either
SI or US Customary (FPS) (a)
Note:
(a)
An ability to apply knowledge of math, science and
engineering
(e)
An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering
problems
COURSE EVALUATION
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Go to the link http:/eval.ou.edu
Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering
utilizes student ratings as one of the bases for evaluation in the
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of these ratings are important data used by the faculty members to
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data to assess achievement of a set of learning outcomes. The
original request for the use of these forms came from students,
and it is students who eventually benefit most from their use.
Please take this task seriously, evaluate courses on-line and
respond as honesty and precisely as possible, both to the machine
scored items and to the open-ended questions. We appreciate
your feedback.
What is ABET
Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology, Inc.
MPGE is an accredited program and is
reviewed by ABET every six years.
*Upcoming review July 2011.
Accreditation is based on a continuous
improvement process of our program
outcomes and objectives.
MPGE
Program Objectives
Area of Technical Skills
Our Alumni will have successful professional careers in petroleum
engineering.
Area of Business Acumen
Our Alumni will be emerging or established leaders among their peers
demonstrated by leading projects or teams and creating business
value.
Area of Continuous Learning
Our Alumni will be engaged in activities of life-long learning in
petroleum industry through professional development, advanced
degrees, certifications, and/or continuing education and training.
Area of Service
Our Alumni will be emerging leaders in service to the profession.
Program Objectives
Mapping A K
Outcomes to Objs.
Mapping Courses
to A- K Outcomes
Course Data
Data Collection
ABET Questionnaire
Exit Interviews
CDRP
External Constituents
Annual Assessment
Recruiters
Evaluation
ABET Certification
Intern Supervisors
Self Study
Advisory Board
Alumni
Semester
Annual
2-3 years
09/09/09
GROUND RULES
Attendance is required
Be prompt as late arrivals disorganize the
class
Must follow adds and drops policies
Adhere to homework rules & format
Adhere to test rules including academic
dishonesty
OTHERS
Read ahead of class
Time management/how do you learn
Be the best, neat, and honest professional drilling
engineer
Recipe for an F
No, I dont grade on a curve . Its too complicated
Caring Isnt Coddling
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COURSE CONTENT
1. General Principles
Statics
2. Force Vectors
3. Equilibrium of a Particle
4. Force System Resultants
5. Equilibrium of a Rigid-Body
6. Moment of Inertia
Dynamics
7. Kinetics of a Particle: Force and Acceleration
8. Kinetics of a Particle: Work and Energy
9. Kinetics of a Particle: Impulse-Momentum.
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Objectives
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Mechanics
Mechanics deals with the state of rest or motion of
bodies subjected to action of forces.
Mechanics is divided into: Rigid-Body; DeformableBody and Fluid Mechanics
Rigid-Body: forms the basis for the design and
analysis of structural, mechanical, and electrical
devices.
Rigid-Body is divided into Statics and Dynamics
Statics deals with body at rest or moves with constant
velocity (i.e. acceleration = 0)
Dynamics deals with the accelerated motion of bodies19
Historical Development
Statics development principles are based on formulation
from measurements of geometry and force. Archimedes
(287-212 BC) developed the levers, pulley, inclined
planes.
Dynamics involves time. Galileo (1564 1642 AD)
developed pendulums and falling bodies
Newton (1642 1727 AD) the father of mechanics, made
the most significant contributions: laws of motion; laws of
universal gravitational attraction.
Euler, Lagrange, DAlembert and others applied Newtons
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laws
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Systems of Units
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Conversion Factors
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Conversion of Units
All engineers, especially the engineers of the 21st Century, must be
able to convert between units. If a physical quantity is expressed in any
system, it is simple matter to convert the units from that system to
another. To do this, the basic unit conversion must be known and a
logical unit analysis must be followed.
Mistakes can be minimized if you remember that a conversion factor
simply relates the same physical quantity in two different unit systems.
As an example 1.0 in = 25.4 mm = 2.54 cm describe the same length
quantity.
The mastering of the procedure for units conversions takes a lot of
practice. Hence, work a lot of problems.
There is a list of unit conversions in your mechanics textbook and many
other textbooks of physics, chemistry, and engineering. Try to develop
these values on your own. Do not memorize them.
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Prefixes
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Numerical Calculations
Numerical calculations involve the following:
Dimensional homogeneity
Significant figures
Rounding off numbers
Finally, the calculations themselves
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Summary
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COURSE TITLE
PE 2113 STATICS AND DYNAMICS
FALL 2010
Chapter 3 Equilibrium of a
Particle
Objectives
To introduce the concept of the
free-body diagram for a particle
To show how to solve particle
equilibrium problems using the
equation of equilibrium
Free-Body Diagram
In order to account for all the forces acting on a
particle, it is necessary to draw a free-body diagram.
The diagram is an outlined shape of the particle that
shows all the forces, listed with their known or
unknown magnitudes and directions.
The free-body diagram is simply a sketch which
shows the particle free from its surroundings with all
the forces that act on it.
There are two types of connections often
encountered in particle equilibrium problems:
Springs and Cables and Pulleys
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Springs
Springs: If a linear elastic spring is used for
support, the length of the spring will change in
direction proportional to the force (this follows
from Hookes law of elasticity). This is
expressed mathematically as F = ks
k = spring constant or stiffness, (N/m)
s = change in length; if s is positive, then F pull
the spring and if s is negative, then F must push
on it
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F = 0
Fxi + Fyj = 0
For the above vector equation to be satisfied, the
forces x and y components must both be equal to
zero. Hence
Fx= 0
Fy= 0
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F = 0
Fxi + Fyj + Fzk= 0
For the above vector equation to be satisfied, the
forces x , y, and z components must both be equal to
zero. Hence, Fx= 0 Fy= 0 Fz= 0
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HOISTING SYSTEM
The hoisting system is one of the 6 rig systems.
Its function is to provide a means of lowering and
raising equipment into or out of the hole
Principal components
Derrick & substructure
Block & tackle pulley arrangements
Drawworks
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COURSE TITLE
PE 2113 STATICS AND DYNAMICS
FALL 2010
Objectives
To discuss the concept of the moment of a force and
show how to calculate it in two and 3-dimensions
To provide a method for finding the moment of a force
about a specific axis
= F*d
Sign convention
Clockwise is taken as negative
Counterclockwise is taken as positive
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When making or breaking connections, the pull on the tong lines exerts a
bending force on the pipe, at the top of the slips. If this force is excessive the
pipe will bend, which is seriously bad news. Its also totally avoidable.
There are two cases; tongs at 90 between the arms and at 180. Which is
likely to be the worst case (ask the class)? API RP7G gives a formula to use
to work out H, the height of the tool joint center, to avoid bending.
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Worked Examples
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Cross Product
The cross product of two vectors A and B
yields a vector C which is written as follows:
C = A x B (C equals A cross B)
The magnitude of C is the product of the
magnitude of A and B and the sine of angle
between their tails
The direction of vector C is perpendicular to
the plane A and B such that C is specified by
the RHR. Thus C can be written as follows:
C
= A x B = (ABsin)uc
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i x k = -j
ixi=0
jxk=i
j x i = -k
jxj=0
kxi=j
k x j = -i
kxk=0
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The moment of a force F about a point O or actually about the moment axis
passing through O and perpendicular to the plane containing O and F is
expressed as MO = r x F
r = a position vector drawn from O to any point lying on the line of action of F
Magnitude: MO = rF sin = F (r sin)= Fd
Direction: The direction is determined using RHR. From the figure above, the
curl of the fingers like the curl around the moment vector, indicates the
sense of rotation caused by the force. Since the cross product is not
commutative, it is important that the proper order of r and F be
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maintained (i.e. you cannot write Mo = F x r)
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Note: uF = rB - rC
AB = (14)0.5
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Principle of Moments
Principle of Moments also known as Varignons
theorem (1654 1722) states that the moment of a
force about a point is equal to the sum of the
moments of the forces components about the point.
That is if F = F1 + F2, then
MO = r x F1 + r x F2 = r x (F1 + F2) = r x F
This concept has important application to the
solution of problems and proofs of theorem that
follow, since it is often easier to determine the
moments of a forces components rather than the
moment of the force itself.
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Distributed Loading
This figure shows the most
common case of a
distributed pressure loading
which is uniform along the
axis of a flat rectangular
body upon which the loading
is applied.
The arrows show the
direction of the intensity of
the pressure
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Distributed Loading
The entire loading on the plate is a
system of parallel forces infinite in
number and each acting on a
separate differential area of the
plate. The loading function p=p(x)
Pascal is only a function of x since
the pressure is uniform along the
y-axis.
Multiplying p=p(x) by the width a-m
of the plate results in w = [p(x)a]
N/m = w(x) N/m as shown in the
figure above right. w(x) is a
measure of load distribution along
the y-axis which is in the plane of
symmetry of the loading
Distributed Loading
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Oncex is determined, FR by
symmetry passes through point
(x,O) on the surface of the plate
as shown on the right.
In conclusion, the resultant
force has a magnitude equal to
the volume under the
distributed load curve p=p(x)
and a line of action which
passes through the centroid
(geometric center) of this
volume.
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COURSE TITLE
PE 2113 STATICS AND DYNAMICS
FALL 2010
Chapter 5 Equilibrium of
a Rigid Body
Objectives
To develop the equations of equilibrium for a
rigid body
To introduce the concept of the free-body
diagram for a rigid body
To show how to solve rigid-body equilibrium
problems using the equations of equilibrium
Mo = 0
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Idealized Models
When an engineer performs a force analysis of any object, he or she
considers a corresponding analytical or idealized model that gives
results that approximate as closely as possible the actual situation.
To do this, careful choices have to be made so that selection of the
type of supports, the material behavior, and the objects dimension
can be justified.
In complex cases the above process may require developing several
different models of the object that must be analyzed but in any case,
this selection process requires both SKILL and EXPERIENCE.
In this course, idealized models of specific objects will be given in
some of the examples. It should be realized, however, that each
case represents the reduction of a practical situation using simplified
assumptions.
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Important Points
No equilibrium problem should be solved without first drawing the freebody diagram, so as to account for all the forces and couple moments
that act on the body.
If a support prevents translation of a body in a particular direction, the
support exerts a force on the body in that direction.
If rotation is prevented, then the support exerts a couple moment on
the body.
Study Table 5-1. DO NOT MEMORIZE IT
Internal forces are never shown on the free-body diagram since they
occur in equal but opposite collinear pairs and therefore cancel out.
The weight of a body is an external force, and its effect is shown as a
single resultant force acting through the bodys center of gravity G.
Couple moments can be placed anywhere on the free-body diagram
since they are free vectors. Forces can act at any point along their lines
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of action since they are sliding vectors.
Example 5.1
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Equations of Equilibrium
Recall that the two equations which are both necessary and sufficient
for equilibrium are as follows:
F = 0
Mo = 0
When the body is subjected to a system of forces which all lie on the
x-y plane, then the forces can be resolved into their x and y
components. Hence, the conditions for equilibrium in 2-D are:
Fx = 0
Fy = 0
Mo = 0
Fx and Fy represent, respectively, the algebraic sums of the x and y
components of all the forces acting on the body, and Mo represents
the algebraic sum of the couple moments and the moments of all the
force components about the axis perpendicular to the x-y plane and
passing through the arbitrary point O, which may lie either on or off the
body
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COURSE TITLE
PE 2113 STATICS AND DYNAMICS
Chapter 9 Center of
Gravity and Centroid
Objectives
To discuss the concept of the center of
gravity, center of mass, and the centroid
To show how to determine the location of the
center of gravity and centroid for a system of
discrete particle and a body of arbitrary
shape.
Center of Gravity
The center of gravity G is a point which locates the resultant weight
of a system of particles.
The weights of the particles comprise of a system of parallel forces
which can be replaced by a single (equivalent) resultant weight
having the defined point G of application.
The generalized formulas for determining the center of gravity are
given as follows:
Center of Gravity
Center of Mass
Centroid
The centroid C is a point which defines geometric center of an
object. Its location can be determined from formulas similar to
those used to determine the bodys center of gravity or center of
mass.
In particular, if the material composing a body is uniform or
homogeneous, the density or specific weight will be constant
throughout the body, and therefore this term will factor out of the
integrals and cancel out of Eqn. 9.4.
The resulting formulas define the centroid of the body since they
are independent of the body weight and instead depend only on
the body geometry.
Three specific cases are considered: Volume, Area, and Line
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Centroid
Volume
Area
Length
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10/22/2010
COURSE TITLE
PE 2113 STATICS AND DYNAMICS
Chapter 10 Moments of
Inertia
10/22/2010
Objectives
To develop a method of determining the
moment of inertia for an area
To introduce the product of inertia and show
how to determine the maximum and
minimum moments of inertia for an area
10/22/2010
Practical Application of
Moments of Inertia
10/22/2010
2 EI
L2
OD4 ID4
64
10/22/2010
Pc
94 34
64
2 EI
L2
318 in 4
2 EI
L2
2 30 106 197
60 12
112,518 lbs
10/22/2010
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Moment of Inertia
Considering the area
A shown in Figure
10.2 which lies in the
x-y plane, the
moments of inertia are
determined by
integration as shown
in the equations.
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10/22/2010
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If the moment for an area is known about an axis passing through its centroid, which
is often the case, it is convenient to determine the moment of inertia of the area about
a corresponding parallel axis using the parallel-axis theorem.
That is, the moment of inertia of an area with respect to any axis not through its
centroid is equal to the moment of inertia of that area with respect to its own
centroidal axis plus the product of the area and the square of the distance between
the two parallel axes. In equation form: Ix = Ix + Ad2. This equation is also called the
transfer equation. Transfer may be made only between parallel axes.
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The form of each of these 3 equations states that the moment of inertia for an area about an axis is
equal to the moment of inertia for the area about a parallel axis passing through the areas centroid
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plus the product of the area and the square of the perpendicular distance between the axes
10/22/2010
Radius of Gyration
The radius of gyration of a planar area has
units of length and is a quantity that is often
used for the design of columns in structural
mechanics.
Provided the areas and moment of inertia are
known, the radius of gyration are determined
from the following formulas:
(10.6)
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10/22/2010
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Orient the element so that the length is parallel to the axis about which the
moment of inertia is computed. This situation occurs when the rectangular
element shown above (a) is used to determine Ix for the area. Hence the
entire area is at a distance y from the x-axis since it has a thickness dy.
Thus Ix = y2dA. To find Iy, the element is oriented as shown in (b) above.
The element lies at the same distance x from y axis so that Iy = x2dA
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