Unity Pro Programming

Unity Pro
35006144 07/2012
Unity Pro
Program Languages and Structure
Reference Manual
35006144.12
07/2012
www.schneider-electric.com
The information provided in this documentation contains general descriptions and/or

technical characteristics of the performance of the products contained herein. This
documentation is not intended as a substitute for and is not to be used for
determining suitability or reliability of these products for specific user applications. It
is the duty of any such user or integrator to perform the appropriate and complete
risk analysis, evaluation and testing of the products with respect to the relevant
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or subsidiaries shall be responsible or liable for misuse of the information that is
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Schneider Electric.
All pertinent state, regional, and local safety regulations must be observed when
installing and using this product. For reasons of safety and to help ensure
compliance with documented system data, only the manufacturer should perform
repairs to components.
When devices are used for applications with technical safety requirements, the
relevant instructions must be followed.
Failure to use Schneider Electric software or approved software with our hardware
products may result in injury, harm, or improper operating results.
Failure to observe this information can result in injury or equipment damage.
2012 Schneider Electric. All rights reserved.
35006144 07/2012
Table of Contents
Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
About the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part I General Presentation of Unity Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 1 Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
13
15
17
Capabilities of Unity Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Application and Project File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configurator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Program Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Function Block Diagram FBD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ladder Diagram (LD) Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Information about SFC Sequence Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instruction List IL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structured Text ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PLC Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Export/Import. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Debug Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostic Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operator Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
23
25
27
33
38
46
49
51
53
57
58
59
60
61
62
69
70
Part II Application Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
Chapter 2 Description of the Available Functions for Each Type of

PLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
Functions Available for the Different Types of PLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 3 Application Program Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1 Description of Tasks and Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Presentation of the Master Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Presentation of the Fast Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Presentation of Auxiliary Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Event Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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77
78
79
80
81
83
3.2 Description of Sections and Subroutines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Description of Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of SFC sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of Subroutines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Mono Task Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of the Master Task Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mono Task: Cyclic Execution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Periodic Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control of Cycle Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Execution of Quantum Sections with Remote Inputs/Outputs . . . . . . . . .
3.4 Multitasking Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multitasking Software Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sequencing of Tasks in a Multitasking Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Task Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assignment of Input/Output Channels to Master, Fast and Auxiliary Tasks
Management of Event Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Execution of TIMER-type Event Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Input/Output Exchanges in Event Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to Program Event Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
85
87
88
89
90
92
93
94
95
97
98
100
102
105
107
108
112
113
Chapter 4 Application Memory Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
115
4.1 Memory Structure of the Premium, Atrium and Modicon M340 PLCs . . .
Memory Structure of Modicon M340 PLCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Memory Structure of Premium and Atrium PLCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detailed Description of the Memory Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Memory Structure of Quantum PLCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Memory Structure of Quantum PLCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detailed Description of the Memory Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
116
117
121
123
124
125
128
Chapter 5 Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
131
5.1 Modicon M340 PLCs Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Processing of Power Outage and Restoral of Modicon M340 PLCs . . . .
Processing on Cold Start for Modicon M340 PLCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processing on Warm Restart for Modicon M340 PLCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Start in RUN for Modicon M340 PLCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processing of State RAM on STOP Mode for Modicon M340 PLCs . . . .
5.2 Premium, Quantum PLCs Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processing of Power Outage and Restoral for Premium/Quantum PLCs
Processing on Cold Start for Premium/Quantum PLCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Processing on Warm Restart for Premium/Quantum PLCs. . . . . . . . . . .
Automatic Start in RUN for Premium/Quantum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 PLC HALT Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PLC HALT Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
132
133
135
139
142
143
144
145
147
152
155
156
156
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Chapter 6 System Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
157
6.1 System Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

System Bit Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Bits %S0 to %S7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Bits %S9 to %S13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Bits %S15 to %S21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Bits %S100 to %S123 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 System Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Words %SW0 to %SW11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Words %SW12 to %SW29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Words %SW70 to %SW100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Words %SW108 to %SW116 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 Atrium/Premium-specific System Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Word %SW153 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Word %SW154 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of Premium/Atrium System Words %SW155 to %SW167 . . .
6.4 Quantum-specific System Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of Quantum System Words %SW60 to %SW66 . . . . . . . . . .
Description of Quantum System Words %SW98 to %SW109 . . . . . . . . .
Description of Quantum System Words %SW110 to %SW177 . . . . . . . .
Description of Quantum System Words %SW180 to %SW702 . . . . . . . .
6.5 Modicon M340-Specific System Words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of System Words: %SW138 to %SW141, %SW142 to
%SW145, %SW146 and %SW147, %SW150 to %SW154, %SW160 to
%SW167 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
158
159
160
162
164
167
170
174
177
179
180
184
189
191
193
205
206
208
209
213
214
216
217
219
220
221
222
227
228
231
238
Part III Data Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
241
Chapter 7 General Overview of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Overview of the Data Type Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Data Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of the Data References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Syntax Rules for Type\Instance Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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243
244
245
247
249
250
Chapter 8 Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
251
8.1 Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Binary Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Overview of Data Types in Binary Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boolean Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Integer Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Time Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 Elementary Data Types (EDT) in BCD Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Data Types in BCD Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Date Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Time of Day (TOD) Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Date and Time (DT) Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3 Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Real Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Presentation of the Real Data Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.4 Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Character String Format . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Data Types in Character String Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.5 Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Bit String Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Data Types in Bit String Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bit String Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6 Derived Data Types (DDT/IODDT/Device DDT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of the Derived Data Type family (DDT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DDT: Mapping Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Input/Output Derived Data Types (IODDT) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Device Derived Data Types (Device DDT) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.7 Function Block Data Types (DFB\EFB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Function Block Data Type Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Characteristics of Function Block Data Types (EFB\DFB). . . . . . . . . . . .
Characteristics of Elements Belonging to Function Blocks . . . . . . . . . . .
8.8 Generic Data Types (GDT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of Generic Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.9 Data Types Belonging to Sequential Function Charts (SFC). . . . . . . . . .
Overview of the Data Types of the Sequential Function Chart Family . .
8.10 Compatibility Between Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compatibility Between Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
252
253
255
260
262
263
264
266
267
268
269
269
274
274
277
278
279
281
282
285
286
288
291
293
294
295
297
299
302
302
304
304
306
306
Chapter 9 Data Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
311
Data Type Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Data Instance Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Direct Addressing Data Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
312
316
319
Chapter 10 Data References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
327
References to Data Instances by Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

References to Data Instances by Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References to Data Instances by Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Naming Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
328
330
333
337
35006144 07/2012
Part IV Programming Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 11 Function Block Language FBD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Information about the FBD Function Block Language. . . . . . . . .
Elementary Functions, Elementary Function Blocks, Derived Function
Blocks and Procedures (FFBs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subroutine Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Text Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Execution Sequence of the FFBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change Execution Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loop Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 12 Ladder Diagram (LD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 13
341
342
344
354
355
356
358
359
362
367
369
General Information about the LD Ladder Diagram Language . . . . . . . . .

Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elementary Functions, Elementary Function Blocks, Derived Function
Blocks and Procedures (FFBs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operate Blocks and Compare Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Text Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edge Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Execution Sequence and Signal Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loop Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change Execution Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
376
387
388
390
393
394
403
405
407
SFC Sequence Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
413
13.1 General Information about SFC Sequence Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General Information about SFC Sequence Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Link Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.2 Steps and Macro Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Macro Steps and Macro Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.3 Actions and Action Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Action Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.4 Transitions and Transition Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transition Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.5 Jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.6 Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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370
373
374
414
415
419
420
421
424
428
429
431
432
435
436
438
440
440
441
441
7
13.7
Branches and Merges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alternative Branches and Alternative Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parallel Branch and Parallel Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.8 Text Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Text Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.9 Single-Token . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Execution Sequence Single-Token . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alternative String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sequence Jumps and Sequence Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parallel Strings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asymmetric Parallel String Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.10 Multi-Token . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multi-Token Execution Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alternative String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parallel Strings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jump into a Parallel String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jump out of a Parallel String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
442
443
445
447
447
448
449
450
451
454
456
459
460
462
465
469
470
Chapter 14 Instruction List (IL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
475
14.1
General Information about the IL Instruction List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General Information about the IL Instruction List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subroutine Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Labels and Jumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calling Elementary Functions, Elementary Function Blocks, Derived
Function Blocks and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calling Elementary Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calling Elementary Function Blocks and Derived Function Blocks . . . . .
Calling Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
500
501
506
518
Chapter 15 Structured Text (ST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
527
14.2
15.1
15.2
General Information about the Structured Text ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General Information about Structured Text (ST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Select Instruction IF...THEN...END_IF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Select Instruction ELSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Select Instruction ELSIF...THEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Select Instruction CASE...OF...END_CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repeat Instruction FOR...TO...BY...DO...END_FOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repeat Instruction WHILE...DO...END_WHILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
476
477
481
484
486
496
497
499
528
529
532
534
539
540
541
544
545
546
547
548
551
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Repeat Instruction REPEAT...UNTIL...END_REPEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Repeat Instruction EXIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subroutine Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RETURN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Empty Instruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Labels and Jumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.3 Calling Elementary Functions, Elementary Function Blocks, Derived
Function Blocks and Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calling Elementary Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Call Elementary Function Block and Derived Function Block . . . . . . . . . .
Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
559
560
566
574
Part V User Function Blocks (DFB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
581
Chapter 16 Overview of User Function Blocks (DFB). . . . . . . . . . . .

Introduction to User Function Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implementing a DFB Function Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 17 Description of User Function Blocks (DFB). . . . . . . . . .

Definition of DFB Function Block Internal Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFB Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFB Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DFB Code Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 18 User Function Blocks (DFB) Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Creation of a DFB Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Execution of a DFB Instance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Programming Example for a Derived Function Block (DFB) . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 19 Use of the DFBs from the Different Programming

Languages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rules for Using DFBs in a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Use of IODDTs in a DFB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Use of a DFB in a Ladder Language Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Use of a DFB in a Structured Text Language Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Use of a DFB in an Instruction List Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Use of a DFB in a Program in Function Block Diagram Language . . . . . .
Chapter 20 User Diagnostics DFB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
583
584
586
589
590
592
596
598
601
602
603
604
607
608
611
614
616
619
623
625
Presentation of User Diagnostic DFBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
625
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
627
Appendix A EFB Error Codes and Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
629
Tables of Error Codes for the Base Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tables of Error Codes for the Diagnostics Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables of Error Codes for the Communication Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables of Error Codes for the IO Management Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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632
633
637
Tables of Error Codes for the CONT_CTL Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tables of Error Codes for the Motion Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables of Error Codes for the Obsolete Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common Floating Point Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
644
651
653
660
Appendix B IEC Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
661
B.1
General Information regarding IEC 61131-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General information about IEC 61131-3 Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IEC Compliance Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IL language elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ST language elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common graphical elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LD language elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implementation-dependent parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extensions of IEC 61131-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extensions of IEC 61131-3, 2nd Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual language syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Language Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
662
662
664
665
677
679
680
681
682
685
687
687
689
689
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
691
719
B.2
B.3
B.4
10
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Safety Information
Important Information
NOTICE
Read these instructions carefully, and look at the equipment to become familiar with
the device before trying to install, operate, or maintain it. The following special
messages may appear throughout this documentation or on the equipment to warn
of potential hazards or to call attention to information that clarifies or simplifies a
procedure.
35006144 07/2012
11
PLEASE NOTE
Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and maintained only by
qualified personnel. No responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any
consequences arising out of the use of this material.
A qualified person is one who has skills and knowledge related to the construction
and operation of electrical equipment and its installation, and has received safety
training to recognize and avoid the hazards involved.
12
35006144 07/2012
About the Book
At a Glance
Document Scope
This manual describes the elements necessary for the programming of Premium,
Atrium and Quantum PLCs using the Unity Pro programming workshop.
Validity Note
This documentation is valid from Unity Pro V7.0.
Product Related Information
WARNING
UNINTENDED EQUIPMENT OPERATION
The application of this product requires expertise in the design and programming
of control systems. Only persons with such expertise should be allowed to
program, install, alter, and apply this product.
Follow all local and national safety codes and standards.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or
equipment damage.
User Comments
We welcome your comments about this document. You can reach us by e-mail at
techcomm@schneider-electric.com.
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13
14
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Unity Pro
General Presentation
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General Presentation of Unity Pro
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15
General Presentation
16
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Unity Pro
Presentation
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Presentation
1
Overview
This chapter describes the general design and behavior of a project created with
Unity Pro.
What Is in This Chapter?
This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic
Capabilities of Unity Pro
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Page
18
User Interface
23
Project Browser
25
User Application and Project File Formats
27
Configurator
33
Data Editor
38
Program Editor
46
Function Block Diagram FBD
49
Ladder Diagram (LD) Language
51
General Information about SFC Sequence Language
53
Instruction List IL
57
Structured Text ST
58
PLC Simulator
59
Export/Import
60
User Documentation
61
Debug Services
62
Diagnostic Viewer
69
Operator Screen
70
17
Presentation
Capabilities of Unity Pro

Hardware Platforms
Unity Pro supports the following hardware platforms:
Modicon M340
Premium
Atrium
Quantum
Programming Languages
Unity Pro provides the following programming languages for creating the user
program:
Ladder Diagram (LD) language
Instruction List IL
Structured Text ST
Sequential Control SFC
Ladder Logic 984 (LL984)
All of these programming languages can be used together in the same project.
All these languages conform to IEC 61131-3.
Block Libraries
The blocks that are included in the delivery of Unity Pro extensive block libraries
extend from blocks for simple Boolean operations, through blocks for strings and
array operations to blocks for controlling complex control loops.
For a better overview the different blocks are arranged in libraries, which are then
broken down into families.
The blocks can be used in the programming languages FBD, LD, IL and ST.
Elements of a Program
A program can be constructed from:
a Master task (MAST)
a Fast task (FAST)
one to four AUX Tasks (not available for Modicon M340)
sections, which are assigned one of the defined tasks
sections for processing time controlled events (Timerx)
sections for processing hardware controlled events (EVTx)
subroutine sections (SR)
18
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Presentation
Software Packages
The following software packages are available:
Unity Pro S
Unity Pro M
Unity Pro L
Unity Pro XL
Unity Pro XLS
Performance Scope
The following table shows the main characteristics of the individual software
packages:
Unity Pro S
Unity Pro M
Unity Pro L
Unity Pro XL
Unity Pro XLS
Function Block +
Diagram FBD
Ladder
Diagram (LD)
language
Instruction
List IL
+(2)
Structured
Text ST
+(2)
Sequential
Language
SFC
+(2)
Standard
library
+(2)
Control library
+(2)
Communication library
+(2)
Diagnostics
library
+(2)
I/O
Management
library
+(2)
System library
+(2)
Motion control
drive library
+(2)
TCP Open
library
optional
optional
optional
optional (2)
Programming languages
Libraries (1)
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Presentation
Obsolete
library
Unity Pro S
Unity Pro M
Unity Pro L
Unity Pro XL
Unity Pro XLS
+(2)
MFB library
+(2)
Safety library
Memory card
file
management
library
+(2)
General information
Create and
use data
structures
(DDTs)
+(2)
Create and
use Derived
Function
Blocks (DFBs)
+
Project
browser with
structural
and/or
functional view
Managing
access rights
Operator
screen
Diagnostic
viewer
System
diagnostics
Project
diagnostics
+(2)
Application
converter
PL7 converter
PL7 converter
Concept Converter
PL7 converter
Concept
Converter
PL7 converter
Concept
Converter
Managing
multi-stations
BMX P34 1000

BMX P34 20
BMX P34 1000

BMX P34 20
BMX P34 1000

BMX P34 20
Supported platforms
Modicon M340 BMX P34 1000 BMX P34 1000
BMX P34 20 BMX P34 20
20
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Presentation
Unity Pro S
Unity Pro M
Unity Pro L
Unity Pro XL
Unity Pro XLS
Premium
P57 0244M
P57 CA 0244M
P57 CD 0244M
P57 104M
P57 154M
P57 1634M
P57 204M
P57 254M
P57 2634M
H57 24M
All CPUs except:

P57 554M
P57 5634M
All CPUs
All CPUs
Quantum
140 CPU 311 10

140 CPU 434 12 U/A*
140 CPU 534 14 U/A*
* Upgrade using Unity OS
CPU 311 10
CPU 434 12 U/A
CPU 534 14 U/A
CPU 651 50
CPU 651 60
CPU 652 60
CPU 670 60
CPU 671 60
CPU 672 60
CPU 672 61
CPU 311 10
CPU 434 12 U/A
CPU 534 14 U/A
CPU 651 50
CPU 651 60
CPU 652 60
CPU 670 60
CPU 671 60
CPU 672 60
CPU 672 61
CPU 651 60 S
CPU 671 60 S
Atrium
PCI 57 204
All CPUs
All CPUs
All CPUs
Simulator
Hyperlinks
Unity Pro
Server (for
OFS, UAG)
Openess
Software components contained in the software package

+
OS Loader tool +
+ HW
Firmware
Unity loader
Documentation as context
help and PDF
Legend:
+ = available
+ (1) = Availability of the blocks depends on the hardware platforms (see Unity Pro,
Standard, Block Library).
+ (2) = Available on all PLC except platforms CPU 651 60 S, CPU 671 60 S.
- = not available
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Presentation
Naming Convention
In the following documentation, "Unity Pro" is used as general term for "Unity Pro S",
"Unity Pro M", "Unity Pro L", "Unity Pro XL" and "Unity Pro XLS".
22
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Presentation
User Interface
Overview
The user interface consists of several, configurable windows and toolbars.
User interface:
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23
Presentation
Legend:
24
Number
Description
Menu bar (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes)
Toolbar (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes)
Project Browser (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes)
Editor window (programming language editors, data editor, etc.)
Register tabs for direct access to the editor window
Information window (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes) (provides information

about errors which have occurred, signal tracking, import functions, etc.)
Status bar (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes)
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Presentation
Project Browser
Introduction
The Project Browser displays all project parameters. The view can be shown as
structural (topological) and/or functional view.
Structural View
The project browser offers the following features in the structural view:
Creation and deletion of elements
The section symbol shows the section programming language and if it is
protected (in case of an empty section the symbol is grey)
View the element properties
Creation of user directories
Launching the different editors
Start the import/export function
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Presentation
Functional View
The project browser offers the following features in functional view:
Creation of functional modules
Insertion of sections, animation tables etc. using Drag and Drop from the
structural view
Creation of sections
View the element properties
Launching the different editors
The section symbol shows the section programming language and other
attributes
26
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Presentation
User Application and Project File Formats

Introduction
Unity Pro manages three types of files for storing user applications and projects.
Each type of file can be used according to specific requirements.
File types can be identified by their extension:
*.STU: Unity Pro File
*.STA: Unity Pro Archived Application File
*.XEF: Unity Pro Application Exchange File
*.ZEF: Unity Pro Full Application Exchange File
STU File
This file type is used for daily working tasks. This format is used by default when
opening or saving a user project.
The following table presents the STU file advantages and drawbacks:
Advantages
Drawbacks
The project can be saved at any stage
Not convenient when transferring project
(consistent or inconsistent) through the

default command.
Project saving and opening is fast as the
entire internal database is present in the

file.
due to the very large size of the file.

Not compatible when updating Unity Pro
from one version to another.
Automatic creation of BAK files
Each time a STU file is saved, a backup copy is also created, with the same name
as the STU file, and the extension BAK files. By changing the file extension from
BAK to STU, it is possible to revert to the state the project was, the last time it was
saved. BAK files are stored in the same folder as the project STU file.
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Presentation
STA File
This file type is used for archiving projects and can be created only after the project
has been generated. This file type allows forward compatibility between the different
versions of Unity Pro.
There is 2 ways to create a STA file:
STA file can be created manually by accessing the File Save Archive menu
in the Unity Pro main window.
STA file is created automatically every time the project is saved as a STU file if
it is in Built state.
NOTE: The STA file created automatically is saved into the same directory and with
the same filename as the STU project file, except that a .Auto suffix is appended
to the filename. If an existing automatic STA file already exists, it is overwritten
without any confirmation.
NOTE: If the project is in Built state, saving a STU file through a Unity Pro Server
creates a STA file as well.
The following table presents the STA file advantages and drawbacks:
Advantages
Drawbacks
Fast project saving.
Can be created only after the project has
Projects can be shared vie e-mail or low
Opening of the project is long, as the project
been generated.
size memory supports.
file is rebuilt before operation.
Capability to connect in Equal Online
Mode to the PLC after opening the

project on a new version of Unity Pro.
For additional information, see
Connection/Disconnection (see Unity
Pro, Operating Modes).
Allow online modifications with the PLC
without any prior download into the

PLC.
Generated STA file is compatible with
all Unity Pro versions.

NOTE: In order to load a STA file created
with another version of Unity Pro, all the
features used in the application have to be
supported by the current version.
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Create Unity Pro Archived Application File (*.STA)

The following table describes the procedure for generating *.STA files:
Step Action
1
Launch the current Unity Pro software:

Start Programs Schneider Electric SoCollaborative Unity Pro.
Open the project (*.STU file):

1. File Open.
2. Select the project (*.STU file).
3. Click on Open.
File Save Archive, see note below.
Choose a location for the file to be saved. Do not save files in the default Schneider
Electric directory:
C:\Program Files\Schneider Electric\Unity Pro
Files saved in this directory may be deleted during Unity Pro installation.
Click on Save.
Remember the location where the *.STA file is stored on the terminal as it will be
needed when recovering the project.
NOTE: The Save Archive function is only available if:
The project has been generated.

In Tools Project Settings, in the Upload Information section if Include is
selected, at least one of the two check boxes underneath must be checked.
Restoring Unity Pro Archived Application File (*.STA)

This restoration consists of importing the *.STA files previously created and stored.
The *.STA files are used when the PLC cannot be stopped. To restore *.STA files
follow the procedure below for each project:
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Step
Action
Launch Unity Pro:

Open the *.STA file from File Open menu.

The file type selected must be Unity Pro Archived Application File (STA).
Click on Open.
Save the project as an *.STU file.
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XEF File
This file type is used for exporting projects in an XML source format and can be
created at any stage of a project.
The following table presents the XEF file advantages and drawbacks:
Advantages
Drawbacks
The XML source format ensures project
Medium size.
compatibility with any version of

Unity Pro.
Opening of the project takes time while the
project is imported before operation.

Generation of the project is mandatory to re-
assemble the project binary code.

Operating with the PLC requires to rebuild
all the project and perform a download in the

processor.
Connecting to the PLC in Equal Online
mode with an XEF file is not possible. For

additional information, see
Connection/Disconnection (see Unity Pro,
Operating Modes).
ZEF File
This file type is used for exporting projects with global DTMs configuration and can
be created at any stage of a project. For details on project export/import, refer to
chapter Import / Export (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes).
The following table presents the ZEF file advantages and drawbacks:
Advantages
Drawbacks
The ZEF format ensures project
Medium size.
compatibility with any version of

Unity Pro.
Opening of the project takes time while the
project is imported before operation.

Generation of the project is mandatory to re-
assemble the project binary code.

Operating with the PLC requires to rebuild
all the project and perform a download in the

processor.
Connecting to the PLC in Equal Online
mode with a ZEF file is not possible. For

additional information, see
Connection/Disconnection (see Unity Pro,
Operating Modes).
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Create Unity Pro Application Exchange File (*.ZEF or *.XEF)

The following table describes the procedure for generating *.ZEF or *.XEF files:
Step
Action
Launch the current Unity Pro software:

Open the project (*.STU file):

1. File Open.
2. Select the project (*.STU file).
3. Click on Open.
File Export Project.
Choose a location for the file to be saved. Do not save files in the default Schneider
Electric directory:
C:\Program Files\Schneider Electric\Unity Pro
Files saved in this directory may be deleted during Unity Pro installation.
Click on Export and select the export file format (*.ZEF or *.XEF).
Remember the location where the *.ZEF or *.XEF file is stored on the workstation as
it is needed when recovering the project.
Restoring Unity Pro Application Exchange File (*.ZEF or *.XEF)

This restoration consists of importing the *.ZEF or *.XEF files previously created and
stored. Importing from a ZEF or XEF format involves the re-generation of the project.
To restore *.ZEF or *.XEF files follow the procedure below for each project:
Step
Action
Launch Unity Pro:

Open the *.ZEF or *.XEF file from File Open menu.

The file type selected must be Unity Pro Full Application Exchange File (*.ZEF) or
Unity Pro Application Exchange File (*.XEF).
Click on Open.
Save the project as an *.STU file.
Computability Information
The STU files are not compatible across Unity Pro versions. In order to use a project
with different Unity Pro versions, users must either store, the:
Unity Pro Archived Application Files (STA):
With the STA file, it is possible to reuse the current built project with the new
Unity Pro version installed on the computer.
Unity Pro Application Exchange Files (ZEF):
The ZEF file must be used if the project has been built.
Unity Pro Application Exchange Files (XEF):
The XEF file must be used if the project has been built.
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Comparative File Types

The following table gives a summary of the 4 files types:
File Types
STU
STA
XEF
ZEF
Binary applications
Yes
Yes
No
No
Source applications
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Internal database
Yes
No
No
No
Comparative file size
10, see (1) 0.03, see (1) 3
Comparative time to save
10
1.6
Comparative time to open
10
10
10
Connection to the PLC in Equal

Online mode
Possible
Possible
Not possible,
see (2)
Not possible,
see (2)
File backup
Possible
Possible,
see (3)
Possible
Possible
(1): Compressed files.

(2): The project needs to be first uploaded into the PLC.
(3): The project can be saved only if it has been generated.
NOTE: The values in the table represent a ratio between file types, where the STU
value is the reference.
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Configurator
Configurator Window
The configurator window is split into two windows:
Catalog window
A module can be selected from this window and directly inserted in the graphical
representation of the PLC configuration by dragging and dropping.
Graphical representation of the PLC configuration
Representation of the Configurator window:
One of the following shortcut menus is called depending on the position of the
mouse pointer:
Mouse pointer on the background allows among others:
Change CPU,
Selection of different Zoom factors.
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Mouse pointer on the module allows among others:

Access to editor functions (delete, copy, move),
Open the module configuration for defining the module specific parameters,
Show the I/O properties and the total current.
Mouse pointer on an empty slot allows among others:

Insert a module from the catalog,
Insert a previously copied module including its defined properties.
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Module Configuration
The module configuration window (called via the modules shortcut menu or a
double-click on the module) is used to configure the module. This also includes
channel selection, selection of functions for the channel selected, assignment of
State RAM addresses (only Quantum) etc.
Module configuration window for a Premium I/O module:
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Module Properties
The module properties window (called via the modules shortcut menu) shows the
modules properties such as the power consumption, number of I/O points (only
Premium) and more.
The module properties window for the power supply shows the total current of the
rack:
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Network Configuration
The network configuration is called via the communications folder.
Network configuration:
The network configuration windows allow among others:

Creation of networks
Network analysis
Printout of the network configuration
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A window for configuring a network:
After configuration the network is assigned a communications module.
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Data Editor
Introduction
The data editor offers the following features:
Declaration of variable instances
Definition of derived data types (DDTs)
Definition of Device derived data types (Device DDTs)
Instance declaration of elements and derived function blocks (EFBs/DFBs)
Definition of derived function block (DFBs) parameters
The following functions are available in all tabs of the data editor:
Copy, Cut, Paste
Expand/collapse structured data
Sorting according to Type, Symbol, Address etc.
Filter
Inserting, deleting and changing the position of columns
Drag and Drop between the data editor and the program editors
Undo the last change
Export/Import
Variables
The Variables tab is used for declaring variables.
Variables tab:
The following functions are available:

Defining a symbol for variables
Assigning data types
Own selection dialog box for derived data types
Assignment of an address
Automatic symbolization of I/O variables
Assignment of an initial value
Entering a comment
View all properties of a variable in a separate properties dialog box
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Hardware Dependent Data Types (IODDT)

IODDTs are used to assign the complete I/O structure of a module to an individual
variable.
Assignment of IODDTs:

Complete I/O structures can be assigned with individual variables using IO DDTs
After entering the variables addresses, all elements of the structure are
automatically assigned with the correct input/output bit or word
Because it is possible to assign addresses later on, standard modules can be
simply created whose names are defined at a later date.
An alias name can be given to all elements of an IODDT structure.
Hardware Dependent Device Derived Data Types (Device DDT)
Device derived data type (DDT) is a predefined DDT that describes the I/O language
elements of an I/O Module. This data type is represented in a structure, which
depends on the capabilities of the I/O module.
This structure provides bits and register views when both extracted bits and register
exist in IODDT. In this case extracted bit is not seen as a child element of the register
variable but directly as field of Device DDT structure.
When adding a Modicon M340 module in a M340 remote I/O drop the Unity Pro
software will create automatically the associated Device DDT instance. This
instance is deduced from IODDT (other not mapped object like %KW are not
accessible).
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Each I/O Module is associated with one implicit device DDT instance:
Implicit Device DDT instances are created by default on device insertion and
refreshed automatically by the PLC. They contain the modules status, modules
and channels health bits, values of the modules inputs, values of the modules
outputs, etc.
The Implicit Device DDT can be:
linked to a device (Managed)
not linked to a device (Un-managed)
NOTE: IODDT and topologic address (see Modicon M340 with Unity Pro, CANopen,
User Manual) are no longer supported with the Modicon M340 remote I/O modules.
All the informations (bits and registers) related to a channel are accessible directly
as a field of device DDT structure.
NOTE: Optional Explicit structures are DDT Explicit DDT, created on demand from
data editor and used through Function block to be refreshed.
NOTE: Optional Explicit DDT types are proposed in the data editor to support Status
or Command data used by explicit exchanges on a Channel of an IO Modules in a
M340 remote I/O drop. Explicit DDT instances are created manually by the user in
the data editor and used as Input or Output Parameter with the Function block
managing the explicit exchange (READ_STS_QX (see Unity Pro, I/O
Management, Block Library), WRITE_CMD_QX (see Unity Pro, I/O
Management, Block Library)).
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Derived Data Types (DDT)

The DDT types tab is used for defining derived data types (DDTs).
A derived data type is the definition of a structure or array from any data type already
defined (elementary or derived).
Tab DDT types:

Definition of nested DDTs (max. 8 levels)
Definition of arrays with up to 6 dimensions
Assignment of an address
Entering a comment
Analysis of derived data types
Assignment of derived data types to a library
View all properties of a derived data type in a separate properties dialog box
An alias name can be given to all elements of a DDT structure or an array.
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Function Blocks
The Function blocks tab is used for the instance declaration of elements and
derived function blocks (EFBs/DFBs).
Tab Function blocks:

Display of the function blocks used in the project
Definition of a symbol for the function blocks used in the project
Automatic enabling of the defined symbols in the project
Enter a comment about the function block
View all parameters (inputs/outputs) of the function block
Assignment of an initial value to the function block inputs/outputs
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DFB Types
The DFB types tab is used for the defining derived function block (DFBs)
parameters.
The creation of DFB logic is carried out directly in one or more sections of the FBD,
LD, IL or ST programming languages.
Tab DFB types:

Definition of the DFB name
Definition of all parameter of the DFB, such as:
Inputs
Outputs
VAR_IN_OUT (combined inputs/outputs)
Private variables
Public variables
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Assignment of data types to DFB parameters

Own selection dialog box for derived data types
Nesting DFBs
Use of several sections in a DFB
Enter a comment for DFBs and DFB parameters
Analyze the defined DFBs
Version management
Assignment of defined DFBs to a library
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Data Usage
Data types and instances created using the data editor can be inserted (context
dependent) in the programming editors.
Access to all programming language editors
Only compatible data is displayed
View of the functions, function blocks, procedures and derived data types
arranged according to their library affiliation
Instance declaration during programming is possible
Data selection dialog box:
Online Modifications
It is possible to modify the type of a variable or a Function Block (FB) instance
declared in application or in a Derived Function Block (DFB) directly in online mode
(see Unity Pro, Operating Modes). That means it is not required to stop the
application to perform such a type modification.
These operations can be done either in the data editor or in the properties editor, in
the same way as in offline mode.
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CAUTION
UNEXPECTED APPLICATION BEHAVIOR
When changing the type of a variable, the new value of the variable to be modified
depends on its kind:
In the case of an unlocated variable, the variable is set to the initial value, if
one exists. Otherwise, it is set to the default value.
In the case of a located variable, the variable restarts with the initial value if
one exists. Otherwise, the current binary value is unchanged.
Before applying the variable type change, check the impact of the new value of the
variable on the application execution.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in injury or equipment damage.
NOTE: It is not possible to modify the type of a variable declared in Derived Data
Type (DDT) in online mode (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes). The application has
to be switched into offline mode (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes) in order to build
such a modification.
Restrictions About Online Modifications
In the following cases, the online type modification of a variable or of a Function
Block (FB) is not allowed:
If the variable is used as network global data, the online type modification is not
permitted.
Whether the current FB can not be removed online, or a new FB can not be added
online, the online type modification of this FB is not allowed. Indeed, some
Elementary Function Blocks (EFB) like the Standard Function Blocks (SFB) do
not allow to be added or removed online. As a result, changing the type of an EFB
instance to a SFB instance is not possible, and conversely.
In both of these cases, the following dialog box is displayed:
NOTE: Due to these limitations, if a Derived Function Block (DFB) contains at least
one instance of a SFB, it is not be possible to add or remove instance of this DFB in
online mode (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes).
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Program Editor
Introduction
A program can be built from:
Tasks, that are executed cyclically or periodically.
Tasks are built from:
Sections
Subroutines
Event processing, that is carried out before all other tasks.

Event processing is built from:
Sections for processing time controlled events
Sections for processing hardware controlled events
Example of a Program:
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Tasks
Unity Pro supports multiple tasks (Multitasking).
The tasks are executed "parallel" and independently of each other whereby the
execution priorities are controlled by the PLC. The tasks can be adjusted to meet
various requirements and are therefore a powerful instrument for structuring the
project.
A multitask project can be constructed from:
A Master task (MAST)
The Master task is executed cyclically or periodically.
It forms the main section of the program and is executed sequentially.
A Fast task (FAST)
The Fast task is executed periodically. It has a higher priority than the Master
task. The Fast task is used for processes that are executed quickly and
periodically.
One to four AUX task(s))
The AUX tasks are executed periodically. They are used for slow processing and
have the lowest priority.
The project can also be constructed with a single task. In this case, only the Master
task is active.
Event Processing
Event processing takes place in event sections. Event sections are executed with
higher priority than the sections of all other tasks. They are suited to processing that
requires very short reaction times after an event is triggered.
The following section types are available for event processing:
Sections for processing time controlled events (Timerx Section)
Sections for processing hardware controlled events (Evtx Section)
The following programming languages are supported:

FBD (Function Block Diagram)
LD (Ladder Diagram Language)
IL (Instruction List)
ST (Structured Text)
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Sections
Sections are autonomous program units in which the logic of the project is created.
The sections are executed in the order shown in the project browser (structural
view). Sections are connected to a task.
The same section cannot be belong to more than one task at the same time.
SFC (Sequential Function Chart)
Subroutine
Subroutines are created as separate units in subroutine sections.
Subroutines are called from sections or from another subroutine.
Nesting of up to 8 levels is possible.
A subroutine cannot call itself (not recursive).
Subroutines are assigned a task. The same subroutine cannot be called by different
tasks.
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Introduction
The FBD editor is used for graphical function block programming according to IEC
61131-3.
Representation
Representation of an FBD section:
Objects
The objects of the FBD (Function Block Diagram) programming language help to
divide a section into a number of:
Elementary Functions (EFs),
Elementary Function Blocks (EFBs)
Derived Function Blocks (DFBs)
Procedures
Subroutine calls
Jumps
Links
Actual Parameters
Text objects to comment on the logic
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Properties
FBD sections have a grid behind them. A grid unit consists of 10 coordinates. A grid
unit is the smallest possible space between 2 objects in an FBD section.
The FBD programming language is not cell oriented but the objects are still aligned
with the grid coordinates.
An FBD section can be configured in number of cells (horizontal grid coordinates
and vertical grid coordinates).
The program can be entered using the mouse or the keyboard.
Input Aids
The FBD editor offers the following input aids:
Toolbars for quick and easy access to the desired objects
Syntax and semantics are checked as the program is being written.
Incorrect functions and function blocks are displayed in blue
Unknown words (e.g. undeclared variables) or unsuitable data types are
marked with a red wavy line
Brief description of errors in the Quickinfo (Tooltip)
Information for variables and pins can be displayed in a Quickinfo (Tooltip)

type, name, address and comment of a variable/expression
type, name and comment of an FFB pin
Tabular display of FFBs

Actual parameters can be entered and displayed as symbols or topological
addresses
Different zoom factors
Tracking of links
Optimization of link routes
Display of inspection windows
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Ladder Diagram (LD) Language

Introduction
The LD editor is used for graphical ladder diagram programming according to IEC
61131-3.
Representation
Representation of an LD section:
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Objects
The objects of the LD programming language help to divide a section into a number
of:
Contacts,
Coils,
Elementary Functions (EFs)
Elementary Function Blocks (EFBs),
Derived Function Blocks (DFBs)
Procedures
Control elements
Operation and compare blocks which represent an extension to IEC 61131-3
Subroutine calls
Jumps
Links
Actual Parameters
Properties
LD sections have a background grid that divides the section into lines and columns.
The LD programming language is cell oriented, i.e. only one object can be placed in
each cell.
LD sections can be 11-64 columns and 17-2000 lines in size.
Input Aids
The LD editor offers the following input aids:
Objects can be selected from the toolbar, the menu or directly using shortcut keys
Incorrect objects are displayed in blue
Information for variables and for elements of an LD section, that can be

connected to a variable (pins, contacts, coils, operation and compare blocks), can
be displayed in a Quickinfo (Tooltip)
type, name and comment of FFB pins, contacts etc.
Tabular display of FFBs

Actual parameters can be entered and displayed as symbols or topological
addresses
Tracking of FFB links
Optimizing the link routes of FFB links
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Introduction
The sequence language SFC (Sequential Function Chart), which conforms to IEC
61131-3, is described in this section.
IEC conformity restrictions can be lifted through explicit enable procedures.
Features such as multi token, multiple initial steps, jumps to and from parallel strings
etc. are then possible.
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Representation
Representation of an SFC section:
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Objects
An SFC section provides the following objects for creating a program:
Steps
Macro steps (embedded sub-step sequences)
Transitions (transition conditions)
Transition sections
Action sections
Jumps
Links
Alternative sequences
Parallel sequences
Properties
The SFC editor has a background grid that divides the section into 200 rows and 32
columns.
Input Aids
The SFC editor offers the following input aids:
Toolbars for quick and easy access to the desired objects
Automatic step numbering
Direct access to actions and transition conditions
Incorrect objects are displayed in blue
Information for variables and for transitions can be displayed in a Quickinfo

(Tooltip)
type, name and comment of transitions

Show/hide the allocated actions
Tracking of links
Optimization of link routes
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Step Properties
Step properties:
The step properties are defined using a dialog box that offers the following features:
Definition of initial steps
Definition of diagnostics times
Step comments
Allocation of actions and their qualifiers
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Instruction List IL
Introduction
The IL editor is used for instruction list programming according to IEC 61131-3.
Representation
Representation of an IL section:
Objects
An instruction list is composed of a series of instructions.
Each instruction begins on a new line and consists of:
An operator
A modifier if required
One or more operands if required
A label as a jump target if required
A comment about the logic if required.
Input Aids
The IL editor offers the following input aids:
Keywords and comments are displayed in color
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Tabular display of the functions and function blocks

Input assistance for functions and function blocks
Operands can be entered and displayed as symbols or topological addresses
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Structured Text ST
Introduction
The ST editor is used for programming in structured text according to IEC 61131-3.
Representation
Representation of an ST section:
Objects
The ST programming language works with "Expressions".
Expressions are constructions consisting of operators and operands that return a
value when executed.
Operators are symbols representing the operations to be executed.
Operators are used for operands. Operands are variables, literals, function and
function block inputs/outputs etc.
Instructions are used to structure and control the expressions.
Input Aids
The ST editor offers the following input aids:
Keywords and comments are displayed in color
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Tabular display of the functions and function blocks

Input assistance for functions and function blocks
Operands can be entered and displayed as symbols or topological addresses
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PLC Simulator
Introduction
The PLC simulator enables error searches to be carried out in the project without
being connected to a real PLC.
All project tasks (Mast, Fast, AUX and Event) that run on a real PLC are also
available in the Simulator. The difference from a real PLC is the lack of I/O modules
and communication networks (such as e.g. ETHWAY, Fipio and Modbus Plus) nondeterministic realtime behavior.
Naturally, all debugging functions, animation functions, breakpoints, forcing
variables etc. are available with the PLC simulator.
Representation
Representation of a dialog box:
Structure of the Simulator

The simulator controller offers the following views:
Type of simulated PLC
Current status of the simulated PLC
Name of the loaded project
IP address and DNS name of the host PC for the simulator and all connected
Client PCs
Dialog box for simulating I/O events
Reset button to reset the simulated PLC (simulated cold restart)
Power Off/On button (to simulate a warm restart)
Shortcut menu (right mouse button) for controlling the Simulator
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Export/Import
Introduction
The export and import functions allow you to use existing data in a new project. The
XML export/import format makes is possible to provide or accept data from external
software.
Export
The following objects can be exported:
Complete projects, including configuration
Sections of all programming languages
Subroutine sections of all programming languages
Derived function blocks (DFBs)
Derived data types (DDTs)
Device derived data types (Device DDTs)
Variable declarations
Operator Screen
Import
All objects that can be exported can naturally be imported as well.
There are two types of import:
Direct import
Imports the object exactly as it was exported.
Import with the assistant
The assistant allows you to change the variables names, sections or functional
modules. The mapping of addresses can also be modified.
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User Documentation
User Documentation
Scope of the user documentation:
The following are just some of the services provided for documenting the project:
Print the entire project (2) or in sections (3)
Selection between structural and functional view (1)
Adjustment of the result (footer, general information, etc.)
Local printing for programming language editors, configurator, etc.
Special indication (bold) for keywords
Paper format can be selected
Print preview (4)
Documentation save
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Debug Services
Searching for Errors in the User Application
The following are just some of the features provided to optimize debugging in the
project:
Set breakpoints in the programming language editors
Step by step program execution, including step into, step out and step over
Call memory for recalling the entire program path
Control inputs and outputs
Online Mode
Online mode is when a connection is established between the PC and the PLC.
Online mode is used on the PLC for debugging, for animation and for changing the
program.
A comparison between the project of the PC and project of the PLC takes place
automatically when the connection is established.
This comparison can produce the following results:
Different projects on the PC and the PLC
In this case, online mode is restricted. Only PLC control commands (e.g. start,
stop), diagnostic services and variable monitoring are possible. Changes cannot
be made to the PLC program logic or configuration. However, the downloading
and uploading functions are possible and run in an unrestricted mode (same
project on PC and PLC).
Same projects on the PC and the PLC
There are two different possibilities:
ONLINE SAME, BUILT
The last project generation on the PC was downloaded to the PLC and no
changes were made afterwards, i.e. the projects on the PC and the PLC are
absolutely identical.
In this case, all animation functions are available and unrestricted.
ONLINE EQUAL, NOT BUILT
The last project generation on the PC was downloaded to the PLC, however
changes were made afterwards.
In this case, the animation functions are only available in the unchanged
project components.
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Animation
Different possibilities are provided for the animation of variables:
Section animation
All programming languages (FBD, LD, SFC, IL and ST) can be animated.
The variables and connections are animated directly in the section.
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Tooltips
A tooltip with the value of a variable is displayed when the mouse pointer passes
over that variable.
Inspection window
An inspection window can be created for any variable. This window displays the
value of the variable, the address and any comments (if available). This function
is available in all programming languages.
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Variables window
This window displays all variables used in the current section.
Animation table
The value of all variables in the project can be displayed, changed or forced in
animation tables. Values can be changed individually or simultaneously together.
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Watch Point
Watch points allow you to view PLC data at the exact moment at which it is created
(1) and not only at the end of a cycle.
Animation tables can be synchronized with the watch point (2).
A counter (3) determines how often the watch point has been updated.
ST section with watch point:
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Presentation
Breakpoint
Breakpoints allow you to stop processing of the project at any point.
ST section with breakpoint:
Single Step Mode

Single step mode allows you to execute the program step by step. Single step
functions are provided if the project was stopped by reaching a breakpoint or if it is
already in single step mode.
ST section in single step mode:
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Presentation
The following functions are provided in single step mode:

Step by step execution of the program
StepIn (1)
StepOut
StepOver
Show Current Step (2)
Call memory (3)
When the "step into" function is executed several times, the call memory enables
the display of the entire path, starting with the first breakpoint
NOTE: Running the PLC program in step by step mode, as well as entering (StepIn)
in a read/write protected section may lead to the inability to read the program and
exit from the section. The user must switch the PLC in "Stop" mode to get back to
the initial state.
Bookmarks
Bookmarks allow you to select code sections and easily find them again.
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Presentation
Diagnostic Viewer
Description
Unity Pro provides system and project diagnostics.
Errors which occur are displayed in a diagnostics window. The section which caused
the error can be opened directly from the diagnostics window in order to correct the
error.
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Presentation
Operator Screen
Introduction
Operator windows visualize the automation process.
The operator screen editor makes it easy to create, change and manage operator
screens.
Operator screens are created and accessed via the project browser.
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Operator Screen Editor

An operator window contains much information (dynamic variables, overviews,
written text, etc.) and makes it easy to monitor and change automation variables.
Operator Screen
The operator screen editor offers the following features:

Extensive visualization functions
Geometric elements
Line, rectangle, ellipse, curve, polygon, bitmap, text
Control elements
Buttons, control box, shifter, screen navigation, hyperlinks, input field, rotating
field
Animation elements
Bar chart, trend diagram, dialog, date, disappear, blinking colors, variable
animation
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Create a library for managing graphical objects

Copying objects
Creating a list of all variables used in the operator screen
Creating messages to be used in the operator screen
Direct access from the operator screen to the animation table or the cross
reference table for one or more variables
Tooltips give additional information about the variables
Managing operator screens in families
Import/export of individual operator screens or entire families
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Presentation
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Unity Pro
Application Structure
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II
In This Part
This part describes the application program and memory structures associated with
each type of PLC.
What Is in This Part?
This part contains the following chapters:
Chapter
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Chapter Name
Page
Description of the Available Functions for Each Type of PLC
75
Application Program Structure
77
Application Memory Structure
115
Operating Modes
131
System Objects
157
73
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Unity Pro
PLC Functions
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Description of the Available

Functions for Each Type of PLC
Functions Available for the Different Types of PLC

All the following languages are available for platforms Modicon M340, Premium,
Atrium and Quantum:
LD
FBD
ST
IL
SFC
NOTE: Only LD and FBD languages are available on Quantum Safety PLCs.
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PLC Functions
Tasks and Processes

The following table describes the available tasks and processes.
Platforms
Modicon M340
Processors
P34 1000 P34 20 P57 0244 P57 2

P57 1
P57 3
P57 4
H57 24M
H57 44M
Master task
cyclic or
periodic
Fast task
periodic
Auxiliary tasks
periodic
Maximum size
of a section
Premium: TSX
Atrium:
TSX
Quantum: 140 CPU
P57 5
P57 6634
PCI 57
204/354
31
43
53
651
652 60
670 60
671 60
672 60
672 61
651 60S
671 60S
16Mb
64Kb
I/O type event

processing
32
64
32
64
128
64
64
128
Timer type
event
processing
16
32
32
16
32
32
Total of I/O
type and Timer
type event
processing
64
32
64
128
64
64
128
X or Value available tasks or processes (the value is the maximum number)

- unavailable tasks or processes.
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Program Structure
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Application Program Structure
3
Subject of this Chapter
This chapter describes the structure and execution of the programs created using
the Unity Pro software.
This chapter contains the following sections:
Section
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Topic
Page
3.1
Description of Tasks and Processes
78
3.2
Description of Sections and Subroutines
84
3.3
Mono Task Execution
89
3.4
Multitasking Execution
97
77
Program Structure
3.1
Description of Tasks and Processes
Subject of this Section

This section describes the tasks and processes that comprise the application
program.
What Is in This Section?
This section contains the following topics:
Topic
Presentation of the Master Task
78
Page
79
Presentation of the Fast Task
80
Presentation of Auxiliary Tasks
81
Overview of Event Processing
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Program Structure
Presentation of the Master Task

General
The master task represents the main task of the application program. It is obligatory
and created by default.
Structure
The master task (MAST) is made up of sections and subroutines.
Each section of the master task is programmed in the following languages: LD, FBD,
IL, ST or SFC.
The subroutines are programmed in LD, FBD, IL, or ST and are called in the task
sections.
NOTE: SFC can be used only in the master task sections. The number of sections
programmed in SFC is unlimited.
Execution
You can choose the type of master task execution:
cyclic (default selection)

or periodic (1 to 255ms)
Control
The master task can be controlled by program, by bits and system words.
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System objects
Description
%SW0
Task period.
%S30
Master task activation.
%S11
Watchdog error.
%S19
Period overrun.
%SW27
Number of ms spent in the system during the last Mast cycle.
%SW28
Maximum overhead time (in ms) for Modicon M340.
%SW29
Minimum overhead time (in ms) for Modicon M340.
%SW30
Execution time (in ms) of the last cycle.
%SW31
Execution time (in ms) of the longest cycle.
%SW32
Execution time (in ms) of the shortest cycle.
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Program Structure
Presentation of the Fast Task

General
The fast task is intended for short duration and periodic processing tasks.
Structure
The fast task (FAST) is made up of sections and subroutines.
Each section of the fast task is programmed in one of the following languages: LD,
FBD, IL or ST.
SFC language cannot be used in the sections of a fast task.
Subroutines are programmed in LD, FBD, IL, or ST language and are called in the
task sections.
Execution
The execution of the fast task is periodic.
It is higher priority than the master task.
The period of the fast task (FAST) is fixed by configuration, from 1 to 255ms.
The executed program must however remain short to avoid the overflow of lowerpriority tasks.
Control
The fast task can be controlled by program by bits and system words.
80
System objects
Description
%SW1
Task period.
%S31
Fast task activation.
%S11
Watchdog error
%S19
Period overrun.
%SW33
Execution time (in ms) of the last cycle.
%SW34
Execution time (in ms) of the longest cycle.
%SW35
Execution time (in ms) of the shortest cycle.
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Program Structure
Presentation of Auxiliary Tasks

General
The auxiliary tasks are intended for slower processing tasks. These are the least
priority tasks.
It is possible to program up to 4 auxiliary tasks (AUX0, AUX1, AUX2 or AUX3) on
the Premium TSX P57 5 and Quantum 140 CPU 6 PLCs. Auxiliary tasks are
not available for Modicon M340 PLCs.
Structure
The auxiliary tasks (AUX) are made up of sections and subroutines.
Each section of the auxiliary task is programmed in one of the following languages:
LD, FBD, IL or ST.
The SFC language is not usable in the sections of an auxiliary task.
A maximum of 64 subroutines can be programmed in the LD, FBD, IL or ST
language. These are called in the task sections.
Execution
The execution of auxiliary tasks is periodic .
They are the least priority.
The auxiliary task period can be fixed from 10ms to 2.55s.
Control
The auxiliary tasks can be controlled by program by bits and system words.
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System objects
Description
%SW2
Period of auxiliary task 0.
%SW3
%SW4
%SW5
%S32
Activation of auxiliary task 0.
%S33
%S34
%S35
%S11
Watchdog error
%S19
Period overrun.
%SW36
Execution time (in ms) of the last cycle of auxiliary task 0.
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Program Structure
82
System objects
Description
%SW39
%SW42
%SW45
%SW37
Execution time (in ms) of the longest cycle of auxiliary task 0.
%SW40
%SW43
%SW46
%SW38
Execution time (in ms) of the shortest cycle of auxiliary task 0.
%SW41
%SW44
%SW47
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Program Structure
Overview of Event Processing

General
Event processing is used to reduce the response time of the application program to
events:
coming from input/output modules,
from event timers.
These processing tasks are performed with priority over all other tasks. They are
therefore suited to processing tasks requiring a very short response time in relation
to the event.
The number of event processing tasks (see page 76) that can be programmed
depends on the type of processor.
Structure
An event processing task is monosectional, and made up of a single (unconditioned)
section.
It is programmed in either LD, FBD, IL or ST language.
Two types of event are offered:
I/O event: for events coming from input/output modules
TIMER event: for events coming from event timers.
Execution
The execution of an event processing task is asynchronous.
The occurrence of an event reroutes the application program to the processing task
associated with the input/output channel or event timer which caused the event.
Control
The following system bits and words can be used to control event processing tasks
during the execution of the program.
System objects
Description
%S38
Activation of event processing.
%S39
Saturation of the event call management stack.
%SW48
%SW75
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Number of IO events and telegram processing tasks executed.

NOTE: TELEGRAM is available only for PREMIUM (not on Quantum
neither M340)
Number of timer type events in the queue.
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Program Structure
3.2
Description of Sections and Subroutines
Aim of this Section

This section describes the sections and the subroutines that make up a task.
Topic
84
Page
Description of Sections
85
Description of SFC sections
87
Description of Subroutines
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Program Structure
Description of Sections
Overview of the Sections
Sections are autonomous programming entities.
The identification tags of the instruction lines, the contact networks, etc. are specific
to each section (no program jump to another section is possible).
These are programmed either in:
Ladder language (LD)

Functional block language (FBD)
Instruction List (IL)
Structured Text (ST)
or Sequential Function Charting (SFC)
on condition that the language is accepted in the task.

The sections are executed in the order of their programming in the browser window
(structure view).
An execution condition can be associated with one or more sections in the master,
fast and auxiliary tasks, but not in the event processing tasks.
The sections are linked to a task. The same section cannot belong simultaneously
to several tasks.
Example
The following diagram shows a task structured into sections.
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85
Program Structure
Characteristics of a Section
The following table describes the characteristics of a section.
86
Characteristic
Description
Name
32 characters maximum (accents are possible, but spaces are not

allowed).
Language
LD, FBD, IL, ST or SFC
Task or
processing
Master, fast, auxiliary, event
Condition
(optional)
A BOOL or EBOOL type bit variable can be used to condition the

execution of the section.
Comment
256 characters maximum
Protection
Write-protection, read/write protection.
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Program Structure
Description of SFC sections

General
The sections in Sequential Function Chart language are made up of:
a main chart programmed in SFC

macro steps (MS) programmed in SFC
actions and transitions programmed in LD, FBD, ST, or IL
The SFC sections are programmable only in the master task (see detailed
description of SFC sections)
Example
The following diagram gives an example of the structure of an SFC section, and
uses the chart to show the macro step calls that are used.
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Program Structure
Description of Subroutines
Overview of Subroutines
Subroutines are programmed as separate entities, either in:
Ladder language (LD),

Functional block language (FBD),
Instruction List (IL),
Structured Text (ST).
The calls to subroutines are carried out in the sections or from another subroutine.
The number of nestings is limited to 8.
A subroutine cannot call itself (non recursive).
Subroutines are also linked to a task. The same subroutine cannot be called from
several different tasks.
Example
The following diagram shows a task structured into sections and subroutines.
Characteristics of a Subroutine
The following table describes the characteristics of a subroutine.
88
Characteristic
Description
Name
32 characters maximum (accents are possible, but spaces are not

allowed).
Language
LD, FBD, IL or ST.
Task
Master, fast or auxiliary
Comment
512 characters maximum
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Program Structure
3.3
Mono Task Execution

This section describes how a mono task application operates.
Topic
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Page
Description of the Master Task Cycle
90
Mono Task: Cyclic Execution
92
Periodic Execution
93
Control of Cycle Time
94
Execution of Quantum Sections with Remote Inputs/Outputs
95
89
Program Structure
Description of the Master Task Cycle

General
The program for a mono task application is associated with a single user task, the
master task (see page 79).
You can choose the type of master task execution:
cyclic
periodic
Illustration
The following illustration shows the operating cycle.
Description of the Different Phases

The table below describes the operating phases.
Phase
Description
Acquisition of
inputs
Writing to memory of the status of the data on the inputs of the discrete and
application-specific modules associated with the task,
These values can be modified by forcing values.
Program
processing
Execution of application program, written by the user,
Updating of
outputs
Writing of output bits or words to the discrete or application-specific

modules associated with the task depending on the state defined by the
application.
As for the inputs, the values written to the outputs can be modified by
forcing values.
NOTE: During the input acquisition and output update phases, the system also
implicitly monitors the PLC (management of system bits and words, updating of
current values of the real time clock, updating of status LEDs and LCD screens (not
for Modicon M340), detection of changes between RUN/STOP, etc.) and the
processing of requests from the terminal (modifications and animation).
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Program Structure
Operating Mode
PLC in RUN, the processor carries out internal processing, input acquisition,
processing of the application program and the updating of outputs in that order.
PLC in STOP, the processor carries out:
internal processing,
input acquisition (1),
and depending on the chosen configuration:
fallback mode: the outputs are set to fallback position.
maintain mode: the last value of the outputs is maintained.
(1) for Quantum PLCs, input acquisition is inhibited when the PLC is in STOP.
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Program Structure
Mono Task: Cyclic Execution

General
The master task operates as outlined below. A description is provided of cyclic
execution of the master task in mono task operation.
Operation
The following drawing shows the execution phases of the PLC cycle.
%I Reading of inputs
%Q Writing of outputs
Description
This type of operation consists of sequencing the task cycles, one after another.
After having updated the outputs, the system performs its own specific processing
then starts another task cycle, without pausing.
Cycle Check
The cycle is checked by the watchdog (see page 94).
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Program Structure
Periodic Execution
Description
In this operating mode, input acquisition, the processing of the application program
and the updating of outputs are all carried out periodically over a defined period of
1 to 255 ms.
At the start of the PLC cycle, a time out whose current value is initialized to the
defined period starts the countdown.
The PLC cycle must be completed before this time out expires and launches a new
cycle.
Operation
The following diagram shows the execution phases of the PLC cycle.
%I Reading of inputs
%Q Writing of outputs
Operating Mode
The processor carries out internal processing, input acquisition, processing of the
application program and the updating of outputs in that order.
If the period is not yet over, the processor completes its operating cycle until the
end of the period by performing internal processing.
If the operating time is longer than that assigned to the period, the PLC signals a
period overrun by setting the system bit %S19 of the task to 1. Processing then
continues and is executed fully (however, it must not exceed the watchdog time
limit). The following cycle is started after the outputs have been implicitly written
for the current cycle.
Cycle Check
Two checks are carried out:
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period overrun (see page 94),

by watchdog (see page 94).
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Program Structure
Control of Cycle Time

General
The period of master task execution, in cyclic or periodic operation, is controlled by
the PLC (watchdog) and must not exceed the value defined in Tmax configuration
(1500 ms by default, 1.5 s maximum).
Software Watchdog (Periodic or Cyclic Operation)
If watchdog overflow should occur, the application is declared in error, which causes
the PLC to stop immediately (HALT state).
The bit %S11 indicates a watchdog overflow. It is set to 1 by the system when the
cycle time becomes greater than the watchdog.
The word %SW11 contains the watchdog value in ms. This value is not modifiable
by the program.
NOTE:
The reactivation of the task requires the terminal to be connected in order to

analyze the cause of the error, correct it, reinitialize the PLC and switch it to RUN.
It is not possible to exit HALT by switching to STOP. To do this you must
reinitialize the application to ensure consistency of data.
Control in Periodic Operation

In periodic operation, an additional control enables a period overrun to be detected.
A period overrun does not cause the PLC to stop if it remains less than the watchdog
value.
The bit %S19 indicates a period overflow. It is set to 1 by the system, when the cycle
time becomes greater than the task period.
The word %SW0 contains the value of the period (in ms). It is initialized on cold
restart by the defined value. It can be changed by the user.
Exploitation of Master Task Execution Times
The following system words can be used to obtain information on the cycle time:
%SW30 contains the execution time of the last cycle

%SW31 contains the execution time of the longest cycle
%SW32 contains the execution time of the shortest cycle
NOTE: These different items of information can also be accessed explicitly from the
configuration editor.
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Program Structure
Execution of Quantum Sections with Remote Inputs/Outputs

General
Quantum PLCs have a specific section management system. It applies to stations
with remote inputs/outputs.
These stations are used with following RIO modules:
140 CRA 931 00
140 CRA 932 00
This system allows remote inputs/outputs to be updated on sections with optimum
response times (without waiting for the entire task cycle before updating the
inputs/outputs).
Operation
The following diagram shows the IO phases when 5 drops are associated to client
task sections.
%Ii inputs of drop No. i

%Qi outputs of drop No. i
i drop number
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Program Structure
Description
Phase
1
Description
Request to update:
the inputs of the first drop (i=1)
the outputs of the last drop (i=5)
Processing the program
Updating the inputs of the first drop (i=1)

Request to update the inputs of the second drop (i=2)
Request to update:
the inputs of the third drop (i=3)
the outputs of the first drop (i=1)
Request to update:
the inputs of the fourth drop (i=4)
the outputs of the second drop (i=2)
Request to update:
the inputs of the last drop (i=5)
the outputs of the third drop (i=3)
Request to update the outputs of the fourth drop (i=4)
Adjustment of the Drop Hold-Up Time Value

In order for the remote outputs to be correctly updated and avoid fallback values to
be applied, the drop hold-up time must be set to at least twice the mast task cycle
time. Therefore the default value, 300 ms, must be changed if the MAST period is
set to the maximum value, 255 ms. The adjustment of the Drop Hold-Up time
(see Modicon Quantum, Hot Standby System, User Manual) must be done on all
configured drops.
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Program Structure
3.4
Multitasking Execution

This section describes how a multitasking application operates.
Topic
Multitasking Software Structure
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Page
98
Sequencing of Tasks in a Multitasking Structure
100
Task Control
102
105
Management of Event Processing
107
Execution of TIMER-type Event Processing
108
Input/Output Exchanges in Event Processing
112
How to Program Event Processing
113
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Program Structure
Multitasking Software Structure

Tasks and Processing
The task structure of this type of application is as follows:
Task/Processing Designation
Description
Master
MAST
Always present, may be cyclic or periodic.
Fast
FAST
Optional, always periodic.
Auxiliary
AUX 0 to 3
Optional and always periodic.
Event
Called by the system when an event occurs on an

EVTi and
input/output module or triggered by the event timer.
TIMERi
(see page 107) These types of processing are optional and can be
used by applications that need to act on inputs/outputs
within a short response time.
Illustration
The following diagram shows the tasks in a multitasking structure and their level of
priority.
Description
The master (MAST) task is still the application base. The other tasks differ
depending on the type of PLC (see page 76).
Levels of priority are fixed for each task in order to prioritize certain types of
processing.
Event processing can be activated asynchronously with respect to periodic tasks by
an order generated by external events. It is processed as a priority and requires any
processing in progress to be stopped.
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Program Structure
Subroutine limitations
In Unity Pro version 6.0 of higher, subroutines can only be used in one task. For
example, MASK subroutines cannot be called from TIMER and EVENT tasks.
Precautions
CAUTION
UNEXPECTED MULTITASK APPLICATION BEHAVIOR
The sharing of Inputs/Outputs between different tasks can lead to unforeseen
behavior by the application.
We specifically recommend you associate each output or each input to one task
only.
NOTE:
During an update of %M linked to FAST task I/O, you must either:
do them at the same time in the FAST task
mask the FAST task (%S31) while updating
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Program Structure
Sequencing of Tasks in a Multitasking Structure

General
The master task is active by default.
The fast and auxiliary tasks are active by default if they have been programmed.
Event processing is activated when the associated event occurs.
Operation
The table below describes the execution of priority tasks (this operation is also
illustrated in the diagram below).
Phase
Description
Occurrence of an event or start of the fast task cycle.
Execution of lower priority tasks in progress stopped,
Execution of the priority task.
The interrupted task takes over again when processing of the priority task is
complete.
Description of the Task Sequence

The following diagram illustrates the task sequence of multitasking processing with
a cyclic master task, a fast task with a 20ms period and event processing.
Legend:
I: acquisition of inputs
P: program processing
O: updating of outputs
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Program Structure
Task Control
The execution of fast and event processing tasks can be controlled by the program
using the following system bits:
%S30 is used to control whether or not the MAST master task is active
%S31 is used to control whether or not the FAST task is active..
%S32 to %S35 are used to control whether or not the auxiliary tasks AUX0 to
AUX3 are active.
%S38 is used to control whether EVTi event processing is active.
NOTE: The elementary functions MASKEVT and UNMASKEVT also allow the
global masking and unmasking of events by the program.
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Program Structure
Task Control
Cyclic and Periodic Operation
In multitasking operation, the highest priority task shall be used in periodic mode in
order to allow enough time for lower priority tasks to be executed.
For this reason, only the task with the lowest priority should be used in cyclic mode.
Thus, choosing cyclic operating mode for the master task excludes using auxiliary
tasks.
Measurement of Task Durations
The duration of tasks is continually measured. This measurement represents the
duration between the start and the end of execution of the task. This measurement
includes the time taken up by tasks of higher priority which may interrupt the
execution of the task being measured.
The following system words (see page 189) give the current, maximum and
minimum cycle times for each task (value in ms)
Measurement of times
MAST
FAST
AUX0
AUX1
AUX2
AUX3
Current
%SW30
%SW33
%SW36
%SW39
%SW42
%SW45
Maximum
%SW31
%SW34
%SW37
%SW40
%SW43
%SW46
Minimum
%SW32
%SW35
%SW38
%SW41
%SW44
%SW47
NOTE: The maximum and minimum times are taken from the times measured since
the last cold restart.
Task Periods
The task periods are defined in the task properties. They can be modified by the
following system words.
System words
Task
Values
Default values
Observations
%SW0
MAST
0..255ms
Cyclic
0 = cyclic operation
%SW1
FAST
1..255ms
5ms
%SW2
AUX0
10ms..2.55s
100ms
%SW3
AUX1
10ms..2.55s
200ms
The values of the period are

expressed in 10ms.
%SW4
AUX2
10ms..2.55s
300ms
%SW5
AUX3
10ms..2.55s
400ms
When the cycle time of the task exceeds the period, the system sets the system bit
%S19 of the task to 1 and continues with the following cycle.
NOTE: The values of the periods do not depend on the priority of tasks. It is possible
to define the period of a fast task which is larger than the master task.
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Program Structure
Watchdog
The execution of each task is controlled by a configurable watchdog by using the
task properties.
The following table gives the range of watchdog values for each of the tasks:
Tasks
Watchdog values
(min...max) (ms)
Default watchdog value (ms) Associated system word
MAST
10..1500
250
%SW11
FAST
10..500
100
AUX0
100..5000
2000
AUX1
100..5000
2000
AUX2
100..5000
2000
AUX3
100..5000
2000
If watchdog overflow should occur, the application is declared in error, which causes
the PLC to stop immediately (HALT state).
The word %SW11 contains the watchdog value of the master task in ms. This value
is not modifiable by the program.
The bit %S11 indicates a watchdog overflow. It is set to 1 by the system when the
cycle time becomes greater than the watchdog.
NOTE:
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The reactivation of the task requires the terminal to be connected in order to

analyze the cause of the error, correct it, reinitialize the PLC and switch it to RUN.
It is not possible to exit HALT by switching to STOP. To do this you must
reinitialize the application to ensure consistency of data.
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Program Structure
Task Control
When the application program is being executed, it is possible to activate or inhibit
a task by using the following system bits:
System bits
Task
%S30
MAST
%S31
FAST
%S32
AUX0
%S33
AUX1
%S34
AUX2
%S35
AUX3
The task is active when the associated system bit is set to 1. These bits are tested
by the system at the end of the master task.
When a task is inhibited, the inputs continue to be read and the outputs continue to
be written.
On startup of the application program, for the first execution cycle only the master
task is active. At the end of the first cycle the other tasks are automatically activated
except if one of the tasks in inhibited (associated system bit set to 0) by the program.
Controls on Input Reading and Output Writing Phases
The bits of the following system words can be used (only when the PLC is in RUN)
to inhibit the input reading and output writing phases.
Inhibition of
phases...
MAST
FAST
AUX0
AUX1
AUX2
AUX3
reading of
inputs
%SW8.0
%SW8.1
%SW8.2
%SW8.3
%SW8.4
%SW8.5
writing of
outputs
%SW9.0
%SW9.1
%SW9.2
%SW9.3
%SW9.4
%SW9.5
NOTE: By default, the input reading and output writing phases are active (bits of
system words %SW8 and %SW9 set to 0).
On Quantum, inputs/outputs which are distributed via DIO bus are not assigned by
the words %SW8 and %SW9.
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Program Structure

General
Each task writes and reads the inputs/outputs assigned to it.
The association of a channel, group of channels or an input/output module with a
task is defined in the configuration screen of the corresponding module.
The task that is associated by default is the MAST task.
Reading of Inputs and Writing of Outputs on Premium
All the input/output channels of in-rack modules can be associated with a task
(MAST, FAST or AUX 0..3).
Local and remote inputs/outputs (X bus):
For each task cycle, the inputs are read at the start of the task and the outputs are
written at the end of the task.
Remote inputs/outputs on Fipio bus:
In controlled mode, the refreshing of inputs/outputs is correlated with the task
period. The system guarantees that inputs/outputs are updated in a single period.
Only the inputs/outputs associated with this task are refreshed.
In this mode, the period of the PLC task (MAST, FAST or AUX) must be greater than
or equal to the network cycle time.
In free mode, no restriction is imposed on the task period. The PLC task period
(MAST, FAST or AUX) can be less than the network cycle. If this is the case, the
task can be executed without updating the inputs/outputs. Selecting this mode gives
you the possibility of having the lowest possible task times for applications where
speed is critical.
Reading of Inputs and Writing of Outputs on Quantum
Local inputs/outputs:
Each input/output module or group of modules can be associated with a single task
(MAST, FAST or AUX 0..3).
Remote inputs/outputs:
Remote input/output stations can only be associated with the master (MAST) task.
The assignment is made for sections (see page 95), with 1 remote input station and
1 remote output station per section.
Distributed inputs/outputs:
Distributed input/output stations can only be associated with the master (MAST)
task.
The inputs are read at the start of the master task and the outputs are written at the
end of the master task.
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Program Structure
Example on Premium
With its 8 successive channel modularity (channels 0 to 7, channels 8 to 15, etc.),
the inputs/outputs of the Premium discrete modules can be assigned in groups of 8
channels, independently of the MAST, AUXi or FAST task.
Example: it is possible to assign the channels of a 28 input/output module as
follows:
106
inputs 0 to 7 assigned to the MAST task,

inputs 8 to 15 assigned to the FAST task,
outputs 0 to 7 assigned to the MAST task,
outputs 8 to 15 assigned to the AUX0 task.
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Program Structure
Management of Event Processing

General
Event processing take priority over tasks.
The following illustration describes the 3 defined levels of priority:
Management of Priorities
EVT0 event processing is the highest priority processing. It can itself interrupt
other types of event processing.
EVTi event processing triggered by input/output modules (priority 1) take priority
over TIMERi event processing triggered by timers (priority 2).
On Modicon M340, Premium and Atrium PLCs: types of event processing with
priority level 1 are stored and processed in order.
On Quantum PLC: the priority of priority 1 processing types is determined:
by the position of the input/output module in the rack,
by the position of the channel in the module.
The module with the lowest position number has the highest level of priority.
Event processing triggered by timer is given priority level 2. The processing
priority is determined by the lowest timer number.
Control
The application program can globally validate or inhibit the various types of event
processing by using the system bit %S38. If one or more events occur while they are
inhibited, the associated processing is lost.
Two elementary functions of the language, MASKEVT() and UNMASKEVT(), used
in the application program can also be used to mask or unmask event processing.
If one or more events occur while they are masked, they are stored by the system
and the associated processing is carried out after unmasking.
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Program Structure
Execution of TIMER-type Event Processing

Description
TIMER-type event processing is any process triggered by the ITCNTRL (see Unity
Pro, System, Block Library) function.
This timer function periodically activates event processing every time the preset
value is reached.
Reference
The following parameters are selected in the event processing properties.
Parameter
Value
Default
value
Role
Time base
1 ms, 10ms,
100ms, 1 sec
10ms
Timer time base. Note: the time base of

1ms should be used with care, as there is
a risk of overrun if the processing
triggering frequency is too high.
Preset
1..1023
10
Timer preset value. The time period

obtained equals: Preset x Time Base.
Phase
0..1023
The value of the temporal offset between

the STOP/RUN transition of the PLC and
the first restart of the timer from 0.
The temporal value equals:
Phase x Time Base.
NOTE: The Phase must be lower than Preset in TIMER-type Event.

ITCNTRL Function
Representation in FBD:
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Program Structure
The following table describes the input parameters:

Parameter
Type
Comment
Enable
BOOL
Enable input selected
Reset_Timer
BOOL
At 1 resets the timer
Hold_Timer
BOOL
At 1, freezes timer incrementation.
Nb_Task_Event
BYTE
Input byte which determines the event

processing number to be triggered.
The following table describes the output parameters:

Parameter
Type
Comment
Status_Timer
WORD
Status word.
Current_Value
TIME
Current value of timer.
Timing Diagram for Normal Operation

Timing diagram.
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Program Structure
Normal operation
The following table describes the triggering of TIMER-type event processing
operations (see timing diagram above).
Phase
Description
When a rising edge is received on the RESET input, the timer is reset to 0.
The current value VALUE of the timer increases from 0 towards the preset value
at a rate of one unit for each pulse of the time base.
An event is generated when the current value has reached the preset value, the
timer is reset to 0, and then reactivated. The associated event processing is also
triggered, if the event is not masked. It can be deferred if an event processing
task with a higher or identical priority is already in progress.
When the ENABLE input is at 0, the events are no longer sent out. TIMER type
event processing is no longer triggered.
When the HOLD input is at 1, the timer is frozen, and the current value stops
incrementing, until this input returns to 0.
Event Processing Synchronization

The Phase parameter is used to trigger different TIMER-type event processing tasks
at constant time intervals.
This parameter set a temporal offset value with an absolute time origin, which is the
last passage of the PLC from STOP to RUN.
Operating condition:
The event processing tasks must have the same time base and preset values.
The RESET and HOLD inputs must not be set to 1.
Example: 2 event processing tasks Timer1 and Timer2 to be executed at 70ms

interval.
Timer1 can be defined with a phase equal to 0 and the second Timer2 with a phase
of 70ms (phase of 7 and time base of 10ms).
Any event triggered by the timer associated with the Timer1 processing task
shall be followed after an interval of 70ms by an event from the timer associated with
the Timer2 processing task
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Program Structure
Timing Diagram: STOP/RUN Transition

Timing diagram of the example provided above with the same preset value of 16
(160ms) for Timer1 and Timer2.
Operation after PLC STOP/RUN

The following table describes the operation of the PLC after a transition from STOP
into RUN (see timing diagram above):
Phase
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Description
ON a STOP RUN transition of the PLC, timing is triggered so that the preset
value is reached at the end of a time period equal to Phase x time base, when
the first event is sent out.
The current value VALUE of the timer increases from 0 towards the preset value
at a rate of one unit for each pulse of the time base.
An event is generated when the current value has reached the preset value, the
timer is reset to 0, and then reactivated. The associated event processing is also
triggered, if the event is not masked. If can be deferred, if there is an event
processing task of higher or identical priority already in progress.
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Program Structure
Input/Output Exchanges in Event Processing

General
With each type of event processing it is possible to use other input/output channels
than those for the event.
As with tasks, exchanges are then performed implicitly by the system before (%I)
and after (%Q) application processing.
Operation
The following table describes the exchanges and processing performed.
Phase
Description
The occurrence of an event reroutes the application program to perform the

processing associated with the input/output channel which caused the event.
All inputs associated with event processing are acquired automatically.
The event processing is executed. It must be as short as possible.
All the outputs associated with the event processing are updated.
Premium/Atrium PLCs
The inputs acquired and the outputs updated are:
the inputs associated with the channel which caused the event
the inputs and outputs used during event processing
NOTE: These exchanges may relate:
to a channel (e.g. counting module) or

to a group of channels (discrete module). In this case, if the processing modifies,
for example, outputs 2 and 3 of a discrete module, the image of outputs 0 to 7 is
then transferred to the module.
Quantum PLCs
The inputs acquired and the outputs updated are selected in the configuration. Only
local inputs/outputs can be selected.
Programming Rule
The inputs (and the associated group of channels) exchanged during the execution
of event processing are updated (loss of historical values, and thus edges). You
should therefore avoid testing fronts on these inputs in the master (MAST), fast
(FAST) or auxiliary (AUXi) tasks.
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Program Structure
How to Program Event Processing

Procedure
The table below summarizes the essential steps for programming event processing.
Step
Action
Configuration phase (for events triggered by input/output modules)

In offline mode, from the configuration editor, select Event Processing (EVT)
and the event processing number for the channel of the input/output module
concerned.
Unmasking phase
The task which can be interrupted must in particular:
Enable processing of events at system level: set bit %S38 to 1 (default
value).
Unmask events with the instruction UNMASKEVT (active by default).
Unmask the events concerned at channel level (for events triggered by
input/output modules) by setting the input/output modules implicit language
objects for unmasking of events to 1. By default, the events are masked.
Check that the stack of events at system level is not saturated (bit %S39
must be at 0).
Event program creation phase

The program must:
Determine the origin of the event(s) on the basis of the event status word
associated with the input/output module if the module is able to generate
several events.
Carry out the reflex processing associated with the event. This process
must be as short as possible.
Write the reflex outputs concerned.
Note: the event status word is automatically reset to zero.
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Program Structure
Illustration of Event Unmasking

This figure shows event unmasking in the MAST task.
Illustration of the Contents of Event Processing

This figure shows the possible contents of event processing (bit test and action).
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Unity Pro
Memory Structure
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Application Memory Structure
4
This chapter describes the application memory structure of Premium, Atrium and
Quantum PLCs.
Section
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Topic
Page
4.1
Memory Structure of the Premium, Atrium and Modicon M340

PLCs
116
4.2
Memory Structure of Quantum PLCs
124
115
Memory Structure
4.1
Memory Structure of the Premium, Atrium and

Modicon M340 PLCs

This section describes memory structure and detailed description of the memory
zones of the Premium, Atrium and Modicon M340 PLCs.
Topic
116
Page
Memory Structure of Modicon M340 PLCs
117
Memory Structure of Premium and Atrium PLCs
121
Detailed Description of the Memory Zones
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Memory Structure
Memory Structure of Modicon M340 PLCs

Overview
The PLC memory supports:
located application data

unlocated application data
the program: task descriptors and executable code, constant words, initial
values and configuration of inputs/outputs
Structure
The data and program are supported by the processor modules internal RAM.
The following diagram describes the memory structure.
State RAM
For Data (see graphic above) also State RAM is available, if you select Mixed
topological and State RAM in the Configuration tab of a Modicon M340 processor
(see Unity Pro, Operating Modes).
To use this option you need Unity Pro 6.1 or later and Modicon M340 firmware 2.4
or later.
NOTE: If you want to import a legacy LL984 Compact application which uses
Modbus request to communicate with an HMI, you have to use State RAM
addressing to preserve the Modbus exchange between PLC and HMI.
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Memory Structure
The State RAM contains the following located data:

Address Object address
Data use
0xxxxx
%Qr.m.c.d,%Mi
output module bits and internal bits
1xxxxx
%Ir.m.c.d, %Ii
input module bits
3xxxxx
%IWr.m.c.d, %IWi
input words of input/output modules
4xxxxx
%QWr.m.c.d, %MWi
output words of input/output modules and internal words
NOTE: Not all data represented in topological addressing is available in State RAM.
Please refer to Topological/State RAM Addressing of Modicon M340 Discrete
Modules (see Modicon M340 Using Unity Pro, Discrete Input/Output Modules, User
Manual) and Topological/State RAM Addressing of Modicon M340 Analog Modules
(see Modicon M340 with Unity Pro, Analog input/output modules, User manual).
Program Backup
If the memory card is present, working properly and not write-protected, the program
is saved on the memory card:
Automatically, after:
a download
online modification
a rising edge of the system bit %S66 in the project program
Manually:
with the command PLC Project backup Backup Save
in an animation table by setting the system bit %S66
WARNING
LOSS OF DATA - APPLICATION NOT SAVED
The interruption of an application saving procedure by an untimely or rough
extraction of the memory card, may lead to the loss of saved application.The bit
%S65 (see page 170) allows managing a correct extraction (See help page
%65 bit in system bit chapter)
equipment damage.
The memory card uses Flash technology, therefore no battery is necessary.
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Memory Structure
Program Restore
If the memory card is present and working properly, the program is copied from the
PLC memory card to the internal memory:
Automatically after:
a power cycle
Manually, with the Unity Pro command PLC Project backup Backup
Restore
NOTE: When you insert the memory card in run or stop mode, you have to do a
power cycle to restore the project on the PLC.
Saved Data
Located, unlocated data, diagnostic buffer are automatically saved in the internal
Flash memory at power-off. They are restored at warm start.
Save_Param
The SAVE_PARAM function does both current and initial parameter adjustment in
internal RAM (as in other PLCs). In this case, the internal RAM and the memory card
content are different (%S96 = 0 and the CARDERR LED is on). On cold start (after
application restore), the current parameter are replaced by the last adjusted initial
values only if a save to memory card function (Backup Save or %S66 rising edge)
was done.
Save Current Value
On a %S94 rising edge, the current values replace the initial values in internal
memory. The internal RAM and the memory card content are different (%S96 = 0
and the CARDERR LED is on). On cold start, the current values are replaced by the
most recent initial values only if a save to memory card function (Backup Save or
%S66 rising edge) was done.
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Memory Structure
Delete Files
There are two ways to delete all the files on the memory card:
Formatting the memory card (delete all files of the file system partition)
Deleting the content of directory \DataStorage\ (delete only files added by user)
Both actions are performed using %SW93 (see page 193).

The system word %SW93 can only be used after download of a default application in
the PLC.
CAUTION
INOPERABLE MEMORY CARD
Do not format the memory card with a non-Schneider tool. The memory card needs
a structure to contain program and data. Formatting with another tool destroys this
structure.
%MW Backup
The values of the %MWi can be saved in the internal Flash memory using %SW96
(see page 193). These values will be restored at cold start, including application
download, if the option Initialize of %MW on cold start is unchecked in the
processor Configuration screen (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes).
For %MW words, the values can be saved and restored on cold restart or download if
the option Reset of %MW on cold restart is not checked in the processor Configuration
screen. With the %SW96 word, management of memory action %MW internal words
(save, delete) and information on the actions states %MW internal words is possible.
Memory Card Specifics
Two types of memory card are available:
120
application: these cards contain the application program and Web pages
application + file storage: these cards contain the application program, data
files from Memory Card File Management EFBs, and Web pages
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Memory Structure
Memory Structure of Premium and Atrium PLCs

General
located application data,

unlocated application data,
the program: task descriptors and executable code, constant words, initial
values and configuration of inputs/outputs.
Structure without Memory Extension Card

The data and program are supported by the internal RAM of the processor module.
Structure with Memory Extension Card

The data is supported by the internal RAM of the processor module.
The program is supported by the extension memory card.
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Memory Structure
Memory Backup
The internal RAM is backed up by a Ni-Cad battery supported by the processor
module.
The RAM memory cards are backed up by a Ni-Cad battery.
Specificities of Memory Cards
Three types of memory card are offered:
application: these cards contain the application program. The cards offered use
either RAM or Flash EPROM technology
application + file storage: in addition to the program, these cards also contain
a zone which can be used to backup/restore data using the program. The cards
on offer use either RAM or Flash EPROM technology
file storage: these cards can be used to backup/restore data using the program.
These cards use SRAM technology.
The following diagram describes the memory structure with an application and file
storage card.
NOTE: On processors with 2 memory card slots, the lower slot is reserved for the
file storage function.
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Memory Structure

User Data
This zone contains the located and unlocated application data.
located data:
%M, %S Boolean and %MW,%SW numerical data
data associated with modules (%I, %Q, %IW, %QW,%KW etc.)
unlocated data:
Boolean and numerical data (instances)
EFB and DFB instances
User Program and Constants

This zone contains the executable codes and constants of the application.
executable codes:
program code
code associated with EFs, EFBs and the management of I/O modules
code associated with DFBs
constants:
KW constant words
constants associated with inputs/outputs
initial data values
This zone also contains the necessary information for downloading the application:
graphic codes, symbols etc.
Other Information
Other information relating to the configuration and structure of the application are
also stored in the memory (in a data or program zone depending on the type of
information).
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Configuration: other data relating to the configuration (hardware configuration,

software configuration).
System: data used by the operating system (task stack, etc.).
Diagnostics: information relating to process or system diagnostics, diagnostics
buffer.
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Memory Structure
4.2

This section describes memory structure and detailed description of the memory
zones of the Quantum PLCs.
Topic
124
Page
125
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Memory Structure

General
located application data (State Ram),

unlocated application data,
the program: task descriptors and executable code, initial values and
configuration of inputs/outputs.
Structure without Memory Extension Card

The data and program are supported by the internal RAM of the processor module.
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Memory Structure
Structure with Memory Extension Card

Quantum 140 CPU 6 processors can be fitted with a memory extension card.
The data is supported by the internal RAM of the processor module.
The program is supported by the extension memory card.
Memory Backup
The internal RAM is backed up by a Ni-Cad battery supported by the processor
module.
The RAM memory cards are backed up by a Ni-Cad battery.
Start-up with Application Saved in Backup Memory
The following table describes the different results according to the PLC state,
according to the PLC mem switch (see Quantum with Unity Pro, Hardware,
Reference Manual), and also indicates if the box "Auto RUN" is checked or not
checked.
PLC State
PLC Mem
Auto RUN in
Switch1
Appl2
NONCONF
Start or Off
Off
Cold Start, application is loaded from Backup memory to RAM

of the PLC. The PLC remains in STOP.
NONCONF
Start or Off
On

of the PLC. The PLC remains in RUN.
NONCONF
Mem Prt or Stop
Not Applicable
No application loaded. PLC power up in NONCONF state.
1
2
126
Results
Start and Stop are valid for the 434 and 534 models only and Off is valid for the 311 only. Mem Prt is valid on all
models.
The Automatic RUN in the application refers to the application that is loaded.
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Memory Structure
PLC State
PLC Mem
Auto RUN in
Results
Switch
Appl
Configured
Start or Off
Off

of the PLC. The PLC remains in STOP.
Configured
Start or Off
On

of the PLC. The PLC remains in RUN.
Configured
Mem Prt or Stop
Do not Care
Warm Start, no application loaded. PLC powers up in previous

state.
1
2
Start and Stop are valid for the 434 and 534 models only and Off is valid for the 311 only. Mem Prt is valid on all
models.
The Automatic RUN in the application refers to the application that is loaded.
Specificities of Memory Cards

Three types of memory card are offered:
application: these cards contain the application program. The cards on offer use
either RAM or Flash EPROM technology
application + file storage: in addition to the program, these cards also contain
a zone which can be used to backup/restore data using the program. The cards
on offer use either RAM or Flash EPROM technology
file storage: these cards can be used to backup/restore data using the program.
These cards use SRAM technology.
The following diagram describes the memory structure with an application and file
storage card.
NOTE: On processors with 2 memory card slots, the lower slot is reserved for the
file storage function.
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Memory Structure

Unlocated Data
This zone contains unlocated data:
Boolean and numerical data

EFB and DFB
Located Data
This zone contains located data (State Ram):
Address Object address
Data use
0xxxxx
%Qr.m.c.d,%Mi
output module bits and internal bits.
1xxxxx
%Ir.m.c.d, %Ii
input module bits.
3xxxxx
%IWr.m.c.d, %IWi
input register words of input/output modules.
4xxxxx
%QWr.m.c.d, %MWi
output words of input/output modules and internal words.
User Program
This zone contains the executable codes of the application.
program code
code associated with EFs, EFBs and the management of I/O modules
code associated with DFBs
initial variable values
This zone also contains the necessary information for downloading the application:
graphic codes, symbols etc.
Operating System
On 140 CPU 31/41/51 processors, this contains the operating system for
processing the application. This operating system is transferred from an internal
EPROM memory to internal RAM on power up.
Application Backup
A Flash EPROM memory zone of 1435K8, available on processors 140 CPU
31/41/51, can be used to backup the program and the initial values of variables.
The application stored in this zone is automatically transferred to internal RAM when
the PLC processor is powered up (if the PLC MEM switch is set to off on the
processor front panel).
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Memory Structure
Other Information
Other information relating to the configuration and structure of the application are
also stored in the memory (in a data or program zone depending on the type of
information).
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Configuration: other data relating to the configuration (hardware configuration,

software configuration).
System: data used by the operating system (task stack, etc.).
Diagnostics: information relating to process or system diagnostics, diagnostics
buffer.
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Memory Structure
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Unity Pro
Operating Modes
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Operating Modes
5
The chapter describes the operating modes of the PLC in the event of power outage
and restoral, the impacts on the application program and the updating of
inputs/outputs.
Section
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Topic
Page
5.1
Modicon M340 PLCs Operating Modes
5.2
Premium, Quantum PLCs Operating Modes
144
5.3
PLC HALT Mode
156
132
131
Operating Modes
5.1
Modicon M340 PLCs Operating Modes

This section describes the operating modes of the Modicon M340 PLCs.
Topic
132
Page
Processing of Power Outage and Restoral of Modicon M340 PLCs
133
Processing on Cold Start for Modicon M340 PLCs
135
Processing on Warm Restart for Modicon M340 PLCs
139
Automatic Start in RUN for Modicon M340 PLCs
142
Processing of State RAM on STOP Mode for Modicon M340 PLCs
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Operating Modes
Processing of Power Outage and Restoral of Modicon M340 PLCs

General
If the duration of the outage is less than the power supply filtering time, it has no
effect on the program, which continues to run normally. If this is not the case, the
program is interrupted and power restoration processing is activated.
Filtering time:
PLC
Alternating Current
Direct Current
BMX CPS 2000

BMX CPS 3500
BMX CPS 3540T
10ms
BMX CPS 2010

BMX CPS 3020
1ms
Illustration
The following illustration shows the different power cycle phases.
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Operating Modes
Operation
The table describes the power outage processing phases.
Phase
Description
On power outage, the system saves the application context, the values of
application variables, and the state of the system on internal Flash memory.
The system sets all the outputs into fallback state (state defined in
configuration).
On power restoral, some actions and checks are done to verify if warm restart
is available:
restoring from internal Flash memory application context,
verification with memory card (presence, application availability),
verification that the application context is identical to the memory card
context,
If all checks are correct, a warm restart (see page 139) is done, otherwise a cold
start (see page 135) is carried out.
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Operating Modes
Processing on Cold Start for Modicon M340 PLCs

Cause of a Cold Start
The following table describes the different possible causes of a cold start.
Causes
Startup characteristics
Loading of an application
Cold start forced in STOP
Restore application from memory card,

when the application is different from the
one in internal RAM
Cold start forced in STOP or RUN mode as

defined in the configuration
Restore application from memory card, with

Unity Pro commands PLC Project
backup ....

RESET button pressed on supply

RESET button pressed on supply less than

500ms after a power down

RESET button pressed on supply after a

processor error, except in the case of a
watchdog error
Cold start forced in STOP. The start in RUN

mode as defined in the configuration is not
taken into account
Initialization from Unity Pro

Forcing the system bit %S0
Start in STOP or in RUN (retaining the

operating mode in progress at downtime),
initialization only of application
Restoral after power supply outage with loss Cold start forced in STOP or RUN mode as
of context
CAUTION
LOSS OF DATA ON APPLICATION TRANSFER
Loading or transferring an application to the PLC typically involves initialization of
unlocated variables.
To save the located variables:
Avoid the initialization of the %MWi by unchecking Initialize %MWi on cold start
in the configuration screen of the CPU.
It is necessary to assign a topological address to the data if the process requires
keeping the current values of the data when transferring the application.
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Operating Modes
CAUTION
Do not press the RESET button on the power supply. Otherwise, %MWi is reset
and initial values are loaded.
CAUTION
RISK OF LOSS OF APPLICATION
If there is no memory Card in the PLC during a cold restart the application is lost.
Illustration
The diagram below describes how a cold restart operates.
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Operating Modes
Operation
The table below describes the program execution restart phases on cold restart.
Phase
Description
The startup is performed in RUN or in STOP depending on the status of the

Automatic start in RUN parameter defined in the configuration or, if this is in
use, depending on the state of the RUN/STOP input.
Program execution is resumed at the start of the cycle.
The system carries out the following:

Deactivating tasks, other than the master task, until the end of the first master
task cycle.
Initializing data (bits, I/O image, words etc.) with the initial values defined in the
data editor (value set to 0, if no other initial value has been defined). For %MW
words, the values can be retrieved on cold restart if the two conditions are valid :
the Initialize of %MW on cold restart option (see Unity Pro, Operating
Modes) is unchecked in the processors configuration screen,
the internal flash memory has a valid backup (see %SW96 (see page 193)).
Note : If the number of %MW words exceeds the backup size (see the memory
structure of M340 PLCs (see page 117)) during the save operation the
remaining words are set to 0.
Initializing elementary function blocks on the basis of initial data.
Initializing data declared in the DFBs: either to 0 or to the initial value declared
in the DFB type.
Initializing system bits and words.
Positioning charts to initial steps.
Cancelling any forcing.
Initializing message and event queues.
Sending configuration parameters to all discrete input/output modules and
application-specific modules.
For this first restart cycle the system does the following:
Relaunches the master task with the %S0 (cold restart) and %S13 (first cycle
in RUN) bits set to 1, and the %SW10 word (detection of a cold restart during
the first task cycle) is set to 0.
Resets the %S0 and %S13 bits to 0, and sets each bit of the word %SW10 to
1 at the end of this first cycle of the master task.
Activates the fast task and event processing at the end of the first cycle of the
master task.
Processing a cold start by program

It is advisable to test the bit %SW10.0 to detect a cold start and start processing
specific to this cold start.
NOTE: It is possible to test the bit %S0, if the parameter Automatic start in
RUN has been selected. If this is not the case, the PLC starts in STOP, the bit %S0
then switches to 1 on the first cycle after restart but is not visible to the program
because it is not executed.
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Output Changes
As soon as a power outage is detected, the outputs are set in the fallback position:
either they are assigned the fallback value,
or the current value is maintained,
depending on the choice made in the configuration.

After power restoral, the outputs remain at zero until they are updated by the task.
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Processing on Warm Restart for Modicon M340 PLCs

Cause of a Warm Restart
A warm restart may be caused by a power restoral without loss of context.
CAUTION
RISK OF LOSS OF APPLICATION
If there is no Memory Card in the PLC during a warm restart the application is lost.
Illustration
The diagram below describes how a warm restart operates.
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Operating Modes
Operation
The table below describes the program execution restart phases on warm restart.
Phase
1
Description
Program execution doesnt resume from the element where the power outage
occurred. The remaining program is discarded during the warm start. Each
task will restart from the beginning.
At the end of the restart cycle, the system carries out the following:
restore the applications variable value,
set bit %S1 to 1,
the initialization of message and event queues,
the sending of configuration parameters to all discrete input/output and
application-specific modules,
the deactivation of the fast task and event processing (until the end of the
master task cycle).
The system performs a restart cycle during which it:

relaunches the master task from beginning of cycle,
resets bit %S1 to 0 at the end of this first master task cycle,
reactivates the fast task, event processing at the end of this first cycle of the
master task.
Processing a Warm Restart by Program

In the event of a warm restart, if you want the application to be processed in a
particular way, you must write the corresponding program to test that %S1 is set to
1 at the start of the master task program.
SFC Warm start specific features
The Warm start on M340 PLCs is not considered as a real warm start by the CPU.
SFC interpreter does not depend on tasks.
SFC publishes a memory area "ws_data" to the OS that contains SFC-sectionspecific data to be saved at a power fail. At the beginning of chart processing the
currently active steps are saved to "ws_data" and processing is marked to be in
"critical section". At the end of chart processing the "critical section" is unmarked.
If a power failure hits into "critical section" this could be detected if this state is active
at the beginning (as the scan is aborted and MAST task is restarted from the
beginning). In this case the workspace might be inconsistent and is restored from
the saved data.
Additional information from SFCSTEP_STATE in located data area is used to
reconstruct the state machine.
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When a power failure occurs:

during first scan %S1 =1 Mast is executed but Fast and Event tasks are not
executed.
On power restoral:
Clears chart, deregisters diagnostics, keeps set actions
sets steps from saved area
sets step times from SFCSTEP_STATE
restores elapsed time for timed actions
NOTE: SFC interpreter is independent, if the transition is valid, the SFC chart
evolves while %S1 is true.
Output Changes
either they are assigned the fallback value,
or the current value is maintained,
After power restoral, the outputs stay in security mode (equal to 0) until they are
updated by a running task.
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Automatic Start in RUN for Modicon M340 PLCs

Description
Automatic start in RUN is a processor configuration option. This option forces the
PLC to start in RUN after a cold restart (see page 135), except after an application
has been loaded onto the PLC.
For Modicon M340 this option is not taken into account when the power supply
RESET button is pressed after a processor error, except in the case of a watchdog
error.
WARNING
UNEXPECTED SYSTEM BEHAVIOR - UNEXPECTED PROCESS START
The following actions will trigger automatic start in RUN:
Restoring the application from memory card,
Unintentional or careless use of the reset button.
To avoid an unwanted restart when in RUN mode use:
The RUN/STOP input on Modicon M340
equipment damage.
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Processing of State RAM on STOP Mode for Modicon M340 PLCs

General
With Unity Pro 6.1 or later and Modicon M340 firmware 2.4 or later, you can access
the modules either via topological or State RAM addresses. Please also refer to
Memory Tab (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes).
NOTE: The State RAM is refreshed in PLC RUN mode only.
The State RAM is not refreshed in PLC STOP mode.
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5.2
Premium, Quantum PLCs Operating Modes

This section describes the operating modes of the Premium and Quantum PLCs.
Topic
144
Page
145
Processing on Cold Start for Premium/Quantum PLCs
147
Processing on Warm Restart for Premium/Quantum PLCs
152
Automatic Start in RUN for Premium/Quantum
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Operating Modes

General
If the duration of the outage is less than the power supply filtering time, it has no
effect on the program which continues to run normally. If this is not the case, the
program is interrupted and power restoral processing is activated.
Filtering time:
PLC
Alternating Current
Direct Current
Premium
10ms
1ms
Atrium
30ms
Quantum
10ms
1ms
Illustration
The illustration shows the different types of power restoral detected by the system.
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Operating Modes
Operation
The table below describes the power outage processing phases.
Phase
Description
On power outage the system stores the application context and the time of
outage.
It sets all the outputs in the fallback state (state defined in configuration).
On power restoral, the saved context is compared to the current one, which
defines the type of startup to be performed:
if the application context has changed (i.e. loss of system context or new
application), the PLC initializes the application: cold start,
if the application context is the same, the PLC carries out a restart without
initialization of data: warm restart.
Power Outage on a Rack, Other than Rack 0

All the channels on this rack are seen as in error by the processor, but the other
racks are not affected. The values of the inputs in error are no longer updated in the
application memory and are reset to zero in a discrete input module, unless they
have been forced, in which case they are maintained at the forcing value.
If the duration of the outage is less than the filtering time, it has no effect on the
program which continues to run normally.
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Processing on Cold Start for Premium/Quantum PLCs

Cause of a Cold Start
The following table describes the different possible causes of a cold start.
Causes
Startup characteristics
Loading of an application
RESET button pressed on processor

(Premium)

RESET button pressed on the processor

after a processor or system error (Premium).
Movement of handle or insertion/removal of
a PCMCIA memory card

Initialization from Unity Pro

Forcing the system bit %S0
Start in STOP or in RUN (retaining the

operating mode in progress at downtime),
without initialization of discrete input/output
and application-specific modules
Restoral after power supply outage with loss Cold start forced in STOP or RUN mode as
of context
CAUTION
Loading or transferring an application to the PLC typically involves initialization of
unlocated variables.
To save located variables with Premium and Quantum PLCs:
Save and restore %M and %MW by clicking PLC Transfer Data.
For Premium PLCs:
Avoid the initialization of %MW by unchecking Initialize %MWi on cold start in
the configuration screen of the CPU.
For Quantum PLCs:
Avoid the initialization of %MW by unchecking %MWi Reset in the configuration
screen of the CPU.
It is necessary to assign a topological address to the data if the process requires
keeping the current values of the data when transferring the application.
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Operating Modes
Illustration
The diagram below describes how a cold restart operates.
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Operation
The table below describes the program execution restart phases on cold restart.
Phase
1
Description
The startup is performed in RUN or in STOP depending on the status of the
Automatic start in RUN parameter defined in the configuration or, if this
is in use, depending on the state of the RUN/STOP input.
Program execution is resumed at the start of the cycle.
The system carries out the following:
the initialization of data (bits, I/O image, words etc.) with the initial values
defined in the data editor (value set to 0, if no other initial value has been
defined). For %MW words, the values can be retained on cold restart if the
Reset of %MW on cold restart option is unchecked in the Configuration
screen of the processor
the initialization of elementary function blocks on the basis of initial data
the initialization of data declared in the DFBs: either to 0 or to the initial
value declared in the DFB type
the initialization of system bits and words
the deactivation of tasks, other than the master task, until the end of the first
master task cycle
the positioning of charts to initial steps
the cancellation of any forcing
the initialization of message and event queues
the sending of configuration parameters to all discrete input/output modules
and application-specific modules
For this first restart cycle the system does the following:
relaunches the master task with the %S0 (cold restart) and %S13 (first cycle
in RUN) bits set to 1, and the %SW10 word (detection of a cold restart
during the first task cycle) is set to 0
resets the %S0 and %S13 bits to 0, and sets each bit of the word %SW10
to 1 at the end of this first cycle of the master task
activates the fast task and event processing at the end of the first cycle of
the master task
Processing a Cold Start by Program

It is advisable to test the bit %SW10.0 to detect a cold start and start processing
specific to this cold start.
NOTE: It is possible to test the bit %S0, if the parameter Automatic start in
RUN has been selected. If this is not the case, the PLC starts in STOP, the bit %S0
then switches to 1 on the first cycle after restart but is not visible to the program
because it is not executed.
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Operating Modes
Output Changes, for Premium and Atrium

either they are assigned the fallback value, or
the current value is maintained

Output Changes, for Quantum
As soon as a power outage is detected,
the local outputs are set to zero
the outputs of the remote or distributed extension racks are set in the fallback
position
NOTE: The behavior of forced outputs was changed between Modsoft/NxT/Concept
and Unity Pro.
With Modsoft/NxT/Concept, you cannot force outputs if the Quantum processor
memory protection switch is set to "On".
With Unity Pro, you can force outputs if the Quantum processor memory protection
switch is set to "On".
With Modsoft/NxT/Concept, forced outputs retain their status after a cold start.
With Unity Pro, forced outputs lose their status after a cold start.
CAUTION
UNEXPECTED APPLICATION BEHAVIOR - FORCED VARIABLES
Check your forced variables and memory protection switch when shifting
betweenModsoft/NxT/Concept and Unity Pro.
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For Quantum 140 CPU 31/41/51

These processors have a Flash EPROM memory of 1,435 KB which can be used to
save the program and the initial values of variables.
On power restoral, you can choose the desired operating mode using the PLC MEM
switch on the processor front panel. For detailed information on how this switch
works, you can consult the Quantum manual (see Quantum with Unity Pro,
Hardware, Reference Manual).
off position: The application contained in this zone is automatically transferred
to internal RAM when the PLC processor is powered up: cold restart of the
application.
on position: The application contained in this zone is not transferred to internal
RAM: warm restart of the application.
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Operating Modes
Processing on Warm Restart for Premium/Quantum PLCs

Cause of a Warm Restart
A warm restart may be caused:
by a power restoral without loss of context
by the system bit %S1 being set to 1 by the program
by Unity Pro from the terminal
by pressing the RESET button of the power supply module of rack 0 (on Premium
PLC)
Illustration
The diagram below describes how a warm restart operates.
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Operation
The table below describes the program execution restart phases on warm restart.
Phase
1
2
Description
Program execution resumes starting from the element where the power outage
occurred, without updating the outputs.
At the end of the restart cycle, the system carries out the following:
the initialization of message and event queues
the sending of configuration parameters to all discrete input/output and
application-specific modules
the deactivation of the fast task and event processing (until the end of the
master task cycle)

3
The system performs a restart cycle during which it:

re-acknowledges all the input modules
relaunches the master task with the bits %S1 (warm restart) set to 1
resets bit %S1 to 0 at the end of this first master task cycle
reactivates the fast task, the auxiliary tasks and event processing at the end
of this first cycle of the master task
Processing a Warm Restart by Program

In the event of warm restart, if you want the application to be processed in a
particular way, you must write the corresponding program conditional on the test that
%S1 is set to 1 at the start of the master task program.
For Quantum PLCs, the switch on the front panel of the processor can be used to
configure operating modes. For further details, see Quantum documentation
(see Quantum with Unity Pro, Hardware, Reference Manual).
Output Changes, for Premium and Atrium
either they are assigned the fallback value, or
the current value is maintained.
After power restoral, the outputs remain in the fallback position until they are
updated by the task.
NOTE: after a power on while the CPU is not started, outputs are in security mode
state (equal to 0). After the CPU start, if the module didnt stay powered on, the
maintain state is lost and the output stay in state 0.
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Operating Modes
Output Changes, for Quantum

As soon as a power outage is detected:
the local outputs are set to zero
the outputs of the remote or distributed extension racks are set in the fallback
position
After power restoral, the outputs remain in the fallback position until they are
updated by the task.
Output Changes, for Extension Rack
If power outage occurs on rack where CPU is located:
Fallback state as soon as CPU loss is detected
Security state during I/O configuration
State calculated by CPU after the first run of the task driving this output
After power is restored, the outputs remain in the fallback position until they are
updated by the task
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Automatic Start in RUN for Premium/Quantum

Description
Automatic start in RUN is a processor configuration option. This option forces the
PLC to start in RUN after a cold restart (see page 147), except after an application
has been loaded onto the PLC.
For Quantum PLCs, automatic start in RUN also depends on the position of the
switch on the front panel of the processor. For more details, refer to the Quantum
documentation (see Quantum with Unity Pro, Hardware, Reference Manual).
WARNING
UNEXPECTED SYSTEM BEHAVIOR - UNEXPECTED PROCESS START
The following actions will trigger "automatic start in RUN":
Inserting the PCMCIA card when the PLC is powered up (Premium, Quantum),
Replacing the processor while powered up (Premium, Quantum),
Unintentional or careless use of the reset button,
If the battery is found to be defective in the event of a power outage (Premium,
Quantum).
To avoid an unwanted restart when in RUN mode:
We stongly recommend to use the RUN/STOP input on Premium PLCs or the
switch on the front of the panel of the processor for Quantum PLCs
We strongly recommend not to use memorized inputs as RUN/STOP input of
the PLC.
equipment damage.
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5.3
PLC HALT Mode
PLC HALT Mode

At a Glance
The following actions switches the PLC to HALT mode:
using the HALT instruction

watchdog overflow
Program execution error (division by zero, overflow, etc.) if the bit %S78
(see page 170) is set to 1.
Precaution
WARNING
When the PLC is in Halt, all tasks are stopped. Check the behavior of the
associated I/Os to ensure that the consequences of the PLC Halt on the
application are acceptable.
equipment damage.
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Unity Pro
System Objects
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System Objects
6
This chapter describes the system bits and words of Unity Pro language.
Note: The symbols, associated with each bit object or system word, mentioned in
the descriptive tables of these objects, are not implemented as standard in the
software, but can be entered using the data editor.
They are proposed in order to ensure the homogeneity of their names in the different
applications.
Section
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Topic
Page
6.1
System Bits
6.2
System Words
179
6.3
Atrium/Premium-specific System Words
208
6.4
Quantum-specific System Words
221
6.5
Modicon M340-Specific System Words
238
158
157
System Objects
6.1
System Bits

This section describes the system bits.
WARNING
Do not use system objects (%Si, %SWi) as variable when they are not
documented.
equipment damage.
Topic
158
Page
System Bit Introduction
159
Description of System Bits %S0 to %S7
160
162
164
167
170
174
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System Bit Introduction

General
The Modicon M340, Premium, Atrium and Quantum PLCs use %Si system bits
which indicate the state of the PLC, or they can be used to control how it operates.
These bits can be tested in the user program to detect any functional development
requiring a set processing procedure.
Some of these bits must be reset to their initial or normal state by the program.
However, the system bits that are reset to their initial or normal state by the system
must not be reset by the program or by the terminal.
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System Objects

Detailed Description
Description of system bits %S0 to %S7:
Bit
Symbol
Function
%S0
Cold start
COLDSTART
Description
Normally on 0, this bit is set on 1 by:
power restoral with loss of data
(battery fault)
the user program
the terminal
a change of cartridge
Initial
state
Modicon Premium
M340
Atrium
Quantum
1
(1 cycle)
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety
PLCs)
This bit is set to 1 during the first complete

restored cycle of the PLC either in RUN or
in STOP mode. It is reset to 0 by the
system before the following cycle.
To detect the first cycle in run after cold
start, please refer to %SW10.
In Safe mode, this bit is not available on
Quantum safety PLCs.
%S0 is not always set in the first scan of
the PLC. If a signal set for every start of
the PLC is needed, %S21 should be used
instead.
For Premium and Quantum, Processing
on Cold Start for Premium/Quantum
PLCs (see page 149)
For Modicon M340, Processing on Cold
Start for Modicon M340 PLCs
(see page 137)
%S1
Warm
WARMSTART restart
Normally at 0, this bit is set to 1 by:

power is restored with data save,
the user program,
the terminal,
It is reset to 0 by the system at the end of
the first complete cycle and before the
outputs are updated.
This bit is not available on Quantum
safety PLCs.
%S1 is not always set in the first scan of
the PLC. If a signal set for every start of
the PLC is needed, %S21 should be used
instead.
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Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
%S4
TB10MS
Timebase
10 ms
An internal timer regulates the change in

status of this bit.
It is asynchronous in relation to the PLC
cycle.
Graph:
Initial
state
Modicon Premium
M340
Atrium
Quantum
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety
PLCs)

safety PLCs.
%S5
TB100MS
Timebase
100 ms
Idem %S4
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety
PLCs)
%S6
TB1SEC
Time
base 1 s
Idem %S4
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety
PLCs)
%S7
TB1MIN
Time base
1 min
Idem %S4
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety
PLCs)
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System Objects

Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
%S9
OUTDIS
Normally at 0, this bit is set to 1 by the program

Outputs
or the terminal:
set to the
fallback
set to 1: sets the bit to 0 or maintains the
position on
current value depending on the chosen
all buses
configuration (X bus, Fipio, AS-i, etc.).
set to 0: outputs are updated normally.
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
YES (1)
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
Note: The system bit acts directly on the

physical outputs and not on the image bits of
the outputs.
Note: On Modicon M340, ethernet I/O scanner
and Global Data are affected by the %S9 bit.
(1) Note: On Modicon M340, inputs/outputs
distributed via CANopen bus are not affected
by the %S9 bit.
On Modicon M340, after an operating mode,
outputs are in security mode state equal to 0
while the bit is set.
%S10
IOERR
162
Global I/O
detected
error
Normally at 1, this bit is set to 0 when an error

on an in-rack module or device on a network is
detected (e.g. non-compliant configuration,
exchange fault, hardware fault, etc.). The
%S10 bit is reset to 1 by the system when all
the detected errors have disappeared.
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Detected network communication errors with remote devices are not reported on
bits %S10, %S16 and %S119.
CAUTION
UNEXPECTED APPLICATION BEHAVIOR - SPECIFIC VARIABLE BEHAVIOR
Manage detected network communication errors with remote devices with a
method specific to each type of communication modules (NOM, NOE, NWM, CRA,
CRP) or motion modules (MMS):
communication function blocks status (if they are used
communication modules status (if they exist)
Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
%S11
WDG
Watchdog
overflow
Normally at 0, this is set to 1 by the

system as soon as the task execution
time becomes greater than the maximum
execution time (i.e. the watchdog)
declared in the task properties.
YES
YES
YES
%S12
PLCRUNNING
PLC in RUN This bit is set to 1 by the system when the

PLC is in RUN.
It is set to 0 by the system as soon as the
PLC is no longer in RUN (STOP, INIT,
etc.).
YES
YES
YES
Switching the PLC from STOP mode to

RUN mode (including after a cold start
with automatic start in run) is indicated by
setting system bit %S13 to 1. This bit is
reset to 0 at the end of the first cycle of
the MAST task in RUN mode.
YES
YES
YES
%S13
First cycle
1RSTSCANRUN after
switching to
RUN
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Initial
state
Modicon Premium Quantum

M340
Atrium
163
System Objects

Bit
Symbol
Function
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
Normally set to 0, this bit is set to 1 when the

destination zone for a character string
transfer is not of sufficient size (including the
number of characters and the end of string
character) to receive this character string.
The application stops in error state if the
%S78 bit has been to set to 1.
This bit must be reset to 0 by the application.
This bit is not available on Quantum safety
PLCs.
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety
PLCs)
Normally set to 1, this bit is set to 0 by the

Task
input/output system when a fault on an in-rack module or
device on Fipio is detected (e.g. nonfault
compliant configuration, exchange fault,
hardware fault, etc.).
This bit must be reset to 1 by the user.
YES
YES
YES
%S15
Character
STRINGERROR string fault
%S16
IOERRTSK
Description
CAUTION
UNEXPECTED APPLICATION BEHAVIOR - SPECIFIC VARIABLE BEHAVIOR
On Quantum, network communication errors with remote devices detected by
communication modules (NOM, NOE, NWM, CRA, CRP) and motion modules
(MMS) are not reported on bits %S10, %S16 and %S119.
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Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial Modicon Premium Quantum

state M340
Atrium
%S17
CARRY
Rotate shift Normally at 0.

output
During a rotate shift operation, this bit takes the
state of the outgoing bit.
YES
YES
YES
%S18
OVERFLOW
Overflow or Normally set to 0, this bit is set to 1 in the event

of a capacity overflow if there is:
arithmetic
error
a result greater than + 32 767 or less than 32 768, in single length,
result greater than + 65 535, in unsigned
integer,
a result greater than + 2 147 483 647 or
less than - 2 147 483 648, in double length,
result greater than +4 294 967 296, in
double length or unsigned integer,
real values outside limits,
division by 0,
the root of a negative number,
forcing to a non-existent step on a drum,
stacking up of an already full register,
emptying of an already empty register.
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
There is only one case for which bit %S18 is not

raised by the Modicon M340 PLCs when real
values are outside limits. It is only if
denormalized operands or some operations
which generate denormalized results are used
(gradual underflow).
It must be tested by the user program after
each operation where there is a risk of
overflow, then reset to 0 by the user if there is
indeed an overflow.
When the %S18 bit switches to 1, the
application stops in error state if the %S78 bit
has been to set to 1.
%S19
OVERRUN
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Task period
overrun
(periodical
scanning)

system in the event of a time period overrun
(i.e. task execution time is greater than the
period defined by the user in the configuration
or programmed into the %SW word associated
with the task). The user must reset this bit to 0.
Each task manages its own %S19 bit.
165
System Objects
Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
%S20
INDEXOVF
Index
overflow
Normally set to 0, this bit is set to 1 when the

address of the indexed object becomes less
than 0 or exceeds the number of objects
declared in the configuration.
In this case, it is as if the index were equal to 0.
It must be tested by the user program after
each operation where there is a risk of
overflow, then reset to 0 if there is indeed an
overflow.
When the %S20 bit switches to 1, the
application stops in error state if the %S78 bit
has been to set to 1.
PLCs.
YES
YES
YES
(except
for safety
PLCs)
Tested in a task (Mast, Fast, Aux0, Aux1, Aux2

Aux3), the bit %S21 indicates the first cycle of
this task, including after a cold start with
automatic start in run and a warm start. %S21
is set to 1 at the start of the cycle and reset to
zero at the end of the cycle.
Note: The bit %S21 does not have the same
meaning in PL7 as in Unity Pro.
YES
YES
YES
%S21
First task
1RSTTASKRUN cycle
166

state M340
Atrium
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
%S30
MASTACT
Activation/
deactivation
of the master
task
Normally set to 1. The master task is

deactivated when the user sets the bit to 0.
This bit is taken into consideration by the
system at the end of each MAST task cycle.
PLCs.
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety PLCs)
%S31
FASTACT
Activation/
deactivation
of the fast
task
Normally set to 1 when the user creates the

task. The task is deactivated when the user
sets the bit to 0.
PLCs.
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety PLCs)
%S32
AUX0ACT
Activation/
deactivation
of the
auxiliary
task 0

task. The auxiliary task is deactivated when
the user sets the bit to 0.
PLCs.
NO
YES
YES
(except for
safety PLCs)
%S33
AUX1ACT
Activation/
deactivation
of the
auxiliary
task 1

PLCs.
NO
YES
YES
(except for
safety PLCs)
%S34
AUX2ACT
Activation/
deactivation
of the
auxiliary
task 2

PLCs.
NO
YES
YES
(except for
safety PLCs)
%S35
AUX3ACT
Activation/d
eactivation of
the auxiliary
task 3

PLCs.
NO
YES
YES
(except for
safety PLCs)
%S38
ACTIVEVT
Enabling/
inhibition of
events
Normally set to 1. Events are inhibited when

PLCs.
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety PLCs)
35006144 07/2012
Initial Modicon Premium

state M340
Atrium
Quantum
167
System Objects
Bit
Symbol
Function
Description

state M340
Atrium
Quantum
%S39
EVTOVR
Saturation in This bit is set to 1 by the system to indicate

that one or more events cannot be
event
processed following saturation of the
processing
queues.
The user must reset this bit to 0.
PLCs.
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety PLCs)
%S40
RACK0ERR
Rack 0
input/output
fault
The %S40 bit is assigned to rack 0.

Normally set to 1, this bit is set to 0 when a
fault occurs on the racks I/Os.
In this case:
the %S10 bit is set to 0,
the I/O processor LED is on,
the %Ir.m.c.Err module bit is set to 1.
YES
YES
NO
This bit is reset to 1 when the fault

disappears.
%S41
RACK1ERR
Rack 1
input/output
fault
Idem %S40 for rack 1.
YES
YES
NO
%S42
RACK2ERR
Rack 2
input/output
fault
YES
YES
NO
%S43
RACK3ERR
Rack 3
input/output
fault
YES
YES
NO
%S44
RACK4ERR
Rack 4
input/output
fault
YES
YES
NO
%S45
RACK5ERR
Rack 5
input/output
fault
YES
YES
NO
%S46
RACK6ERR
Rack 6
input/output
fault
YES
YES
NO
%S47
RACK7ERR
Rack 7
input/output
fault
YES
YES
NO
168
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Bit
Symbol
Function
%S50
RTCWRITE
Updating of Normally set to 0, this bit is set to 1 or 0 by

time and date the program or the terminal.
via words
set to 0: update of system words %SW50
%SW50 to
to %SW53 by the date and time supplied
%SW53
by the PLC real-time clock.
set to 1: system words %SW50 to
%SW53 are no longer updated,
therefore making it possible to modify
them.
The switch from 1 to 0 updates the realtime clock with the values entered in
words %SW50 to %SW53.
YES
YES
YES
%S51
RTCERR
Time loss in
real time
clock
This system-managed bit set to 1 indicates

that the real-time clock is missing or that its
system words (%SW50 to %SW53) are
meaningless. In this case the clock must be
reset to the correct time.
YES
YES
YES
Normally set to 0, this bit can be set to 1 or

0 by the program or the terminal:
set to 0: the system does not manage the
system word %SW59,
set to 1: the system manages edges on
word %SW59 to adjust the date and
current time (by increment).
YES
YES
YES
%S59
Incremental
RTCTUNING update of the
time and date
via word
%SW59
35006144 07/2012
Description

state M340
Atrium
Quantum
169
System Objects

Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
%S65
CARDIS
memory
This bit is used to ensure information
card disable consistency when a memory card is
extracted from the CPU.
To do this, it is necessary to generate a
rising edge on the bit %S65 before
extracting the memory card.
On a rising edge detection, the card
accessing LED turns off when the
current accesses are finished (reading
and writing of files, application saving).
The CARDERR LED is unchanged.
Now the memory card can be extracted,
the CARDERR LED remains or turns
on.
When a memory card is inserted:
the accessing LED turns on
the CARDERR LED shows the
memory card status
%S65 remains unchanged
%S65 must reset to 0 to allow rising
edge detection.
Initial Modicon
state M340
0
YES
Premium Quantum
Atrium
NO
NO
NOTE: If a rising edge is generated on

the bit and the memory card is not
extracted, resetting the bit to 0 does not
make the memory card accessible.
To make the memory card accessible
again ether:
extract and re-insert the memory
card
re-initialize the PLC (using the power
supply reset button)
170
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System Objects
Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
%S66
LEDBATT
APPLIBCK
Application
backup
This bit is set to 1 by the user to start a

backup operation (transfer application
from RAM to card). The system will
detect the rising edge to start the
backup. The state of this bit is polled by
the system every second. A backup
takes place only if the application in
RAM is different from the one in the
card.
This bit is set to 0 by the system when
the backup is finished.
Warning: Before doing a new backup
by setting bit %S66 to 1, you must test
that bit %S66 has been set to 0 by the
system (meaning that the previous
backup has finished).Never use %S66 if
it is set to 1. This may lead to a loss of
data.
Bit %S66 is particularly useful after
replacement of initial value %S94 and
save-parameters.
YES
NO
NO
%S67
PCMCIABAT0
State of the
application
memory
card battery
This bit is used to monitor the status of

the main battery when the memory card
is in the upper PCMCIA slot. This
applies to Atriums, Premiums and
Quantums (CPU 140 CPU 671 60/60S,
140 CPU 672 61, 140 CPU 672 60,
140 CPU 651 60/60S, 140 CPU 652 60
and 140 CPU 651 50):
set to 1: main voltage battery is low.
The application is kept but the
battery must be replaced following
the predictive maintenance
(see Premium and Atrium using
Unity Pro, Processors, racks and
power supply modules,
Implementation manual) procedure),
set to 0: main battery voltage is
sufficient (application always kept).
Bit %S67 is supported by Unity
version 2.02.
NO
YES
YES
NOTE: With blue PCMCIAs (PV>=04),

bit %S67 is not set to 1 when main
battery is absent, though with green
PCMCIAs (PV<04), bit %S67 is set to 1
in the same condition.
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171
System Objects
Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
%S68
PLCBAT
State of
processor
battery
This bit is used to check the operating

state of the backup battery for saving
data and the program in RAM.
set to 0: battery present and
operational
set to 1: battery missing or nonoperational
NO
YES
YES
%S75
PCMCIABAT1
State of the
data storage
memory
card battery
This bit is supported by Unity Pro equal

or greater to version 2.02. It is used to
monitor the main battery status when
the memory card is in the lower
PCMCIA slot.
For Premium processors, %S75 is
supported by the following processors:
TSX P57 4, TSX P57 5 and
TSX P57 6.
NOTE: For all others Premium
processors, %S75 shows a low battery
level only when the battery is already at
a critical level.
NO
YES
YES
For Quantum processors, %S75 is

supported by the following processors:
140 CPU 672 61*, 140 CPU 672 60*,
140 CPU 671 60/60S*,
140 CPU 651 60/60S*,
140 CPU 652 60, and 140 CPU 651 50.
%S75 is:
set to 1 when the main battery
voltage is low. The application is
kept but the battery must be
replaced following the predictive
maintenance (see Premium and
Atrium using Unity Pro, Processors,
racks and power supply modules,
Implementation manual) procedure,
set to 0 when the main battery
voltage is sufficient (application
always kept).
* Data stored on a memory card in slot B
is not processed in safety projects.
172
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
%S76
Configured
DIAGBUFFCONF diagnostics
buffer

the diagnostics option has been
configured a diagnostics buffer for
storage of errors found by diagnostics
DFBs is then reserved.
This bit is read-only.
YES
YES
YES
%S77
DIAGBUFFFFULL
Full
diagnostics
buffer

the buffer that receives errors from the
diagnostics function blocks is full.
This bit is read-only.
YES
YES
YES
%S78
HALTIFERROR
Stop in the
event of
error
Normally at 0, this bit can be set to 1 by

the user, to program a PLC stop on
application fault: %S15, %S18, %20.
On Quantum safety PLCs, the Halt state
is replaced by the Error state when you
are in Safe mode. Note also that %S15
and %20 are not available.
YES
YES
YES
%S79
MBFBCTRL
Modbus
forced bit
control
This bit change the behavior of the

0
Quantum Modbus server regarding
forced bits:
at 0 (default value), standard
management: bit value is changed
even if the bit is forced.
if set to 1 by the user: write bits
request on forced bits do not change
their value. There is no error in the
response of the request.
NO
NO
YES
As other accesses, the history bit is

always updated, whatever the forcing
state.
35006144 07/2012
173
System Objects

Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
%S80
RSTMSGCNT
Reset
message
counters
Normally set to 0, this bit can be set to 1 by

the user to reset the message counters
%SW80 to %SW86.
YES
YES
YES
%S82
MB+PCMC This bit is used to change the request

exchange mode with MB+MBP100
IA polling
PCMCIA.
adjust
By default (value 0), the system sends a
request to the card and will poll for a
reponse in the next Mast cycle.This mode
is recommended for small Mast duration.
When set to 1, the system sends a request
to the card and waits for a response.This
mode is recommended for large Mast
duration.
NO
YES
NO
%S90
COMRFSH
Refresh
common
words
Normally set to 0, this bit is set to 1 on

receiving common words from another
network station.
This bit can be set to 0 by the program or
the terminal to check the common words
exchange cycle.
NO
YES
NO
%S91
LCKASYNREQ
Lock
asynchronous
request
When this bit is set to 1, the asynchronous

communication requests processed in the
monitoring task are entirely executed
without interruption from the other MAST or
FAST tasks, thus ensuring the data is read
or written consistently.
Reminder: the request server of the
monitoring task is addressed via gate 7 (XWay).
NO
YES
NO
%S92
EXCHGTIME
Measurement mode
of the communication
function
Normally set to 0, this bit can be set to 1 by

the user to set communication functions to
performance measurement mode.
The communication functions time-out
parameter (see Unity Pro, Communication,
Block Library) (in the management table)
then displays the round trip exchange time
in milliseconds.
Note: The communication functions are
executed with a time base of 100 ms.
YES
YES
NO
174

state M340
Atrium
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Bit
Symbol
Function
%S94
Saving
SAVECURRVAL adjustment
values
%S96
BACKUPPROGOK
Backup
program
OK
Description

state M340
Atrium
Normally at 0, this bit can be set to 1 by the

user to replace the initial values of the
declared variables with a Save attribute
(e.g.: DFB variables) with the current
values.
For Modicon M340, on a %S94 rising edge,
the internal RAM and the memory card
content are different (%S96 = 0 and the
CARDERR LED is on). On cold start, the
current values are replaced by the most
recent initial values only if a save to
memory card function (Backup Save or
%S66 rising edge) was done.
The system resets the bit %S94 to 0 when
the replacement has been made.
Note: this bit must be used with care: do not
set this bit permanently to 1 and use the
master task only.
PLCs.
When used with the TSX MFP or
TSX MCP flash PCMCIA memory the
saving adjustment values is not available.
YES
YES
YES
(except
for safety
PLCs)
This bit is set to 0 or 1 by the system.
YES
NO
NO
Set to 0 when the card is missing or
unusable (bad format, unrecognized

type, etc.), or the card content is
inconsistent with Internal Application
RAM.
Set to 1 when the card is correct and the
application is consistent with CPU
Internal Application RAM.
CAUTION
APPLICATION UPLOAD NOT SUCCESSFUL
The bit %S94 must not be set to 1 during an upload.
If the bit %S94 is set to 1 then the upload may be impossible.
35006144 07/2012
175
System Objects
CAUTION
LOSS OF DATA
The bit %S94 must not be used with the TSX MFP or the TSX MCP flash
PCMCIA memory. The function of this system bit is not available with this type of
memory.
176
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Bit
SYMBOL
Function
Description
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
%S100
PROTTERINL
Protocol on This bit is set to 0 or 1 by the system

according to the state of the INL/DPT shunt
terminal
on the console.
port
if the shunt is missing (%S100=0), then
the master Uni-Telway protocol is used,
if the shunt is present (%S100=1) then
the protocol used is the one indicated
by the application configuration.
NO
YES
NO
%S117
ERIOERR
Detected
RIO error
on Ethernet
I/O network

system when a detected error occurs in a
device on the Ethernet RIO.
This bit is reset to 1 by the system when all
the detected errors disappear.
No
No
YES
%S118
REMIOERR

General
Remote I/O system when a fault occurs on a device
connected to the RIO (Fipio for Premium or
fault
Drop S908 for Quantum) remote
input/output bus.
This bit is reset to 1 by the system when
the fault disappears.
This bit is not updated if an error occurs on
the other buses (DIO, ProfiBus, ASI).
YES
YES
YES
%S119
LOCIOERR
General inrack I/O

fault

system when a fault occurs on an I/O
module placed in one of the racks.
This bit is reset to 1 by the system when
the fault disappears.
YES
YES
YES
CAUTION
%S119 for Quantum PLCs
On Quantum, network communication errors with remote devices detected by
communication modules (NOM, NOE, NWM, CRA, CRP) and motion modules
(MMS) are not reported on bits %S10, %S16 and %S119.
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177
System Objects
Bit
Symbol
Function
Description
%S120
DIOERRPLC
DIO bus fault

(CPU)

system when a fault occurs on a device
connected to the DIO bus managed by
the Modbus Plus link built into the CPU.
safety PLCs.
In the Diagnostic viewer some
information are available (if the entry is
selected) to clarify error type on the bus.
This information can identify the correct
remote bus with the bus number (RIO,
DIO).
NO
NO
YES
(except
for safety
PLCs)
%S121
DIOERRNOM1
DIO bus fault Normally set to 1, this bit is set to 0 by the

(NAME No. 1) system when a fault occurs on a device
the first 140 NAME 2 module.
safety PLCs.
DIO).
NO
NO
YES
(except
for safety
PLCs)
%S122
DIOERRNOM2
DIO bus fault Normally set to 1, this bit is set to 0 by the

(NAME No. 2) system when a fault occurs on a device
the second 140 NAME 2 module.
safety PLCs.
DIO).
NO
NO
YES
(except
for safety
PLCs)
%S123
ADJBX
Adjust Bus X
YES
YES
NO
178
This bit is used by the system and cannot

be used by the user application.

state M340
Atrium
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
6.2
System Words

This section describes the Modicon M340, Atrium, Premium and Quantum system
words.
WARNING
documented.
equipment damage.
Topic
35006144 07/2012
Page
Description of System Words %SW0 to %SW11
180
184
189
191
193
205
206
179
System Objects

Description of system words %SW0 to %SW11.
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW0
MASTPERIOD
Master task This word is used to modify the period of

the master task via the user program or
scanning
via the terminal.
period
The period is expressed in ms
(1...255 ms)
%SW0=0 in cyclic operation.
On a cold restart: it takes the value
defined by the configuration.
This word is not available on Quantum
safety PLCs.
YES
YES
YES
(except
for safety
PLCs)
%SW1
FASTPERIOD
Fast task
scanning
period
This word is used to modify the period of

the fast task via the user program or via
the terminal.
The period is expressed in milliseconds
(1...255 ms).
On a cold restart, it takes the value
defined by the configuration.
safety PLCs.
YES
YES
YES
(except
for safety
PLCs)
%SW2
AUX0PERIOD
%SW3
AUX1PERIOD
%SW4
AUX2PERIOD
%SW5
AUX3PERIOD
Auxiliary
task
scanning
period
This word is used to modify the period of

the tasks defined in the configuration, via
the user program or via the terminal.
The period is expressed in tens of ms
(10ms to 2.55s).
NO
YES (1)
YES (1)
(except
for safety
PLCs)
%SW6
%SW7
IP Address
YES
NO
NO
180
Description
Initial
state

M340
Atrium
(1) only on 140 CPU 6 and TSX 57 5

PLCs.
These words are not available on
Gives the IP address of the CPU Ethernet
port. Modification is not taken into
account.
Is 0 if the CPU does not have an Ethernet
link.
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW8
TSKINHIBIN
Acquisition Normally set to 0, this bit can be set to 1

of task input or 0 by the program or the terminal.
monitoring It inhibits the input acquisition phase of
each task:
%SW8.0 = 1 inhibits the acquisition of
inputs relating to the MAST task.
%SW8.1 = 1 inhibits the acquisition of
inputs relating to the FAST task.
%SW8.2 to 5 = 1 inhibits the
acquisition of inputs relating to the
AUX 0...3 tasks.
Initial
state
0

M340
Atrium
YES(1)
YES (3)
YES(2)
(except
for safety
PLCs)
(1) Note: On Modicon M340,

inputs/outputs distributed via CANopen
bus are not affected by the word %SW8.
(2) Note: On Quantum, inputs/outputs
distributed via DIO bus are not affected
by the word %SW8.
(3) Note: On PREMIUM, inputs/outputs
distributed via ETY and ETY PORT are
not affected by the word %SW8. High End
CPU Ethernet Port is affected by the
word %SW8.
safety PLCs.
35006144 07/2012
181
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial
state
%SW9
TSKINHIBOUT
Monitoring
of task
output
update
Normally set to 0, this bit can be set to 1

or 0 by the program or the terminal.
Inhibits the output updating phase of
each task.
%SW9.0 = 1 assigned to the MAST
task; outputs relating to this task are
no longer managed.
%SW9.1 = 1 assigned to the FAST
task; outputs relating to this task are
no longer managed.
%SW9.2 to 5 = 1 assigned to the
AUX 0...3 tasks; outputs relating to
these tasks are no longer managed.

M340
Atrium
YES (3)
YES
YES (4)
(except
for safety
PLCs)
(3) Note: On Modicon M340,

inputs/outputs distributed via CANopen
bus are not affected by the word %SW9.
On Modicon M340, after an operating
mode, outputs are in security mode state
equal to 0 while the bit is set.
(4) Note: On Quantum, inputs/outputs
distributed via DIO bus are not affected
by the word %SW9.
safety PLCs.
CAUTION
Before setting the %SW9 value to 1, ensure that the output behavior will remain
appropriate:
On Premium/Atrium:
Module outputs located on the X Bus automatically switch to the configured mode
(fallback or maintain). On the Fipio bus, certain devices do not manage fallback
mode, then only maintain mode is possible.
On Quantum:
All outputs, as well as the local or remote rack (RIO) are maintained in the state
that preceded the switch to 1 of the %SW9 bit corresponding to the task.
The Distributed Inputs/Outputs (DIO) are not assigned by the system word %SW9.
182
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW10
TSKINIT
First cycle
after cold
start
If the value of the current task bit is set

to 0, this means that the task is
performing its first cycle after a cold
start.
%SW10.0: assigned to the MAST
task.
%SW10.1: assigned to the FAST
task.
%SW10.2 to 5: assigned to the AUX
0...3 tasks.
Initial
state
Modicon Premium
M340
Atrium
Quantum
YES
YES
YES
(except
for safety
PLCs)
YES
YES
YES

safety PLCs.
%SW11
WDGVALUE
35006144 07/2012
Watchdog
duration
Reads the duration of the watchdog.

The duration is expressed in
milliseconds (10...1500 ms).
This word cannot be modified.
NOTE: The duration range in Quantum
Safety PLCs is: 20...990 ms.
183
System Objects

Description of system words %SW12 to %SW29:
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial
state

M340
Atrium
%SW12
UTWPORTADDR
Processor
serial port
address
For Premium: Uni-Telway address

of terminal port (in slave mode) as
defined in the configuration and
loaded into this word on cold start.
The modification of the value of this
word is not taken into account by
the system.
For Modicon M340: Gives the
Modbus slave address of the CPU
serial port. Modification is not taken
into account. Is 0 if the CPU does
not have a Serial Port link.
YES
YES
NO
(see
%SW12
below)
%SW12
APMODE
Mode of the
application
processor
For Quantum safety PLC only, this

word indicates the operating mode
of the application processor of the
CPU module.
16#A501 = maintenance mode
16#5AFE = safe mode
16#A501
NO
NO
YES
Only on
safety
PLCs
254
(16#00FE)
NO
YES
NO
(see
%SW13
below)
Any other value is interpreted as an

error.
Note: In a HotStand By safety
system, this word is exchanged
from the primary to the standby PLC
to inform the standby PLC of the
safe or maintenance mode.
%SW13
Main
XWAYNETWADDR address of
the station
This word indicates the following for

the main network (Fipway or
Ethway):
the station number (least
significant byte) from 0 to 127,
the network number (most
significant byte) from 0 to 63,
(value of the micro-switches on the
PCMCIA card).
184
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW13
INTELMODE
Mode of the
Intel
processor
For Quantum safety PLC only, this

word indicates the operating mode
of the Intel Pentium processor of the
CPU module.
16#501A = maintenance mode
16#5AFE = safe mode
Initial
state

M340
Atrium
NO
NO
YES
Only on
safety
PLCs
Any other value is interpreted as an

error.
Note: In a HotStand By safety
system, this word is exchanged
from the primary to the standby PLC
to inform the standby PLC of the
safe or maintenance mode.
%SW14
OSCOMMVERS
Commercial
version of
PLC
processor
This word contains the current

Operating System (OS) version of
the PLC processor.
Example: 16#0135
version: 01
issue number: 35
YES
YES
YES
%SW15
OSCOMMPATCH
PLC
processor
patch
version
This word contains the commercial

version of the PLC processor patch.
It is coded onto the least significant
byte of the word.
Coding: 0 = no patch, 1 = A, 2 = B...
Example: 16#0003 corresponds to
patch C.
YES
YES
YES
%SW16
OSINTVERS
Firmware
version
number
This word contains the Firmware

version number in hexadecimal of
the PLC processor firmware.
Example: 16#0011
version: 2.1
VN: 17
YES
YES
YES
35006144 07/2012
185
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW17
FLOATSTAT
Error status
on floating
operation
When an error in a floating

arithmetic operation is detected, bit
%S18 is set to 1 and %SW17 error
status is updated according to the
following coding:
%SW17.0 = Invalid operation /
result is not a number,
%SW17.1 =Denormalized
operand / result is acceptable
(flag not managed by Modicon
M340 or Quantum Safety PLCs),
%SW17.2 = Division by 0 / result
is infinity,
%SW17.3 = Overflow / result is
infinity,
%SW17.4 = Underflow / result is
0,
%SW17.5 to 15 = not used.
Initial
state

M340
Atrium
YES
YES
YES
Only on
safety
PLCs
YES
YES
YES
This word is reset to 0 by the

system on cold start, and also by
the program for re-usage purposes.
Absolute
%SD18:
time counter
%SW18 and
%SW19
100MSCOUNTER
%SW18 represents the least

significant bytes and %SW19 the
most significant bytes of the double
word %SD18, which is incremented
by the system every 1/10th of a
second. The application can read or
write these words in order to
perform duration calculations.
%SD18 is incremented
systematically, even in STOP mode
and equivalent states. However,
times when the PLC is switched off
are not taken into account, since the
function is not linked to the real-time
scheduler, but only to the real-time
clock.
For Quantum safety PLC, knowing
that the 2 processors must process
exactly the same data, the value of
%SD18 is updated at the beginning
of the mast task, and then frozen
during the application execution.
186
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
%SD20:
%SW20 and
%SW21
MSCOUNTER
Absolute
For M340 and Quantum PLCs
time counter %SD20 is incremented every
1/1000th of a second by the system
(even when the PLC is in STOP,
%SD20 is no longer incremented if
the PLC is powered down). %SD20
can be read by the user program or
by the terminal.
%SD20 is reset on a cold start.
%SD20 is not reset on a warm start.
For Premium
TSX P57 14M/24M/34M/C024M/
024M and TSX PCI57 204M/354M
PLCs, %SD20 is incremented by 5
every 5/1000th of a second by the
system. For all the others Premium
PLCs, %SD20 is time counter at 1
ms like Quantum and M340 PLCs.
For Quantum safety PLC, knowing
that the 2 processors must process
exactly the same data, the value of
%SD18 is updated at the beginning
of the mast task, and then frozen
during the application execution.
YES
YES
YES
%SW23
Rotary
The least significant byte contains
switch value the Ethernet processor rotary
switch.
It can be read by the user program
or by the terminal.
YES
NO
NO
%SW26
Number of
requests
processed
YES
NO
NO
35006144 07/2012
Description
This system word allows to verifiy

on server side the number of
requests processed by PLC per
second.
Initial
state

M340
Atrium
187
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW27
%SW28
%SW29
System
overhead
time
%SW27 is the last system
Initial
state
-

M340
Atrium
YES
NO
NO
overhead time.
%SW28 contains the maximum
system overhead time.
%SW29 contains the minimum
system overhead time.
The system overhead time depends
on the configuration (number of
I/O...) and on the current cycle
requests (communication,
diagnostics).
System overhead time = Mast
Cycle Time - User code execution
time.
These can be read and written by
the user program or by the terminal.
188
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial
state
Modicon
M340
Premium
Quantum
%SW30
Master task
MASTCURRTIME execution
time
This word indicates the execution

time of the last master task cycle
(in ms).
YES
YES
YES
%SW31
MASTMAXTIME
Maximum
master task
execution
time
This word indicates the longest

master task execution time since
the last cold start (in ms).
YES
YES
YES
%SW32
MASTMINTIME
Minimum
master task
execution
time
This word indicates the shortest

master task execution time since
the last cold start (in ms).
YES
YES
YES
%SW33
Fast task
FASTCURRTIME execution
time
This word indicates the execution

time of the last fast task cycle (in
ms).
This word is not available on
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety
PLCs)
%SW34
FASTMAXTIME
Maximum
fast task
execution
time
This word indicates the longest fast

task execution time since the last
cold start (in ms).
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety
PLCs)
%SW35
FASTMINTIME
Minimum
fast task
execution
time
This word indicates the shortest

fast task execution time since the
last cold start (in ms).
YES
YES
YES
(except for
safety
PLCs)
NOTE: Execution time is the time elapsed between the start (input acquisition) and
the end (output update) of a scanning period. This time includes the processing of
event tasks, the fast task, and the processing of console requests. In a Quantum
HSBY configuration, %SW30,%SW31 and %SW32 include the time of Copro Data
exchange between Primary and Stand By CPU.
35006144 07/2012
189
System Objects

Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium
Quantum
%SW36
AUX0CURRTIME
%SW39
AUX1CURRTIME
%SW42
AUX2CURRTIME
%SW45
AUX3CURRTIME
Auxiliary
task
execution
time
Those words indicate the execution

time of the last cycle of the AUX
0...3 tasks (in ms).
NOTE: %SW36 and %SW39 words
have a different function in
Quantum Safety PLCs and the
other words are not available on
NO
YES (1)
YES (1)
(different
function in
Safety
PLCs)
%SW37
AUX0MAXTIME
%SW40
AUX1MAXTIME
%SW43
AUX2MAXTIME
%SW46
AUX3MAXTIME
Maximum
auxiliary task
execution
time
Those words indicate the longest

task execution time of AUX 0...3
tasks since the last cold start (in
ms).
NOTE: %SW37 word has a
different function in Quantum
Safety PLCs and the other words
are not available on Quantum
safety PLCs.
NO
YES (1)
YES (1)
(different
function in
Safety
PLCs)
%SW38
AUX0MINTIME
%SW41
AUX1MINTIME
%SW44
AUX2MINTIME
%SW47
AUX3MINTIME
Minimum
auxiliary task
execution
time
Those words indicate the shortest

task execution time of AUX 0...3
tasks since the last cold start (in
ms).
NOTE: %SW38 word has a
different function in Quantum
Safety PLCs and the other words
are not available on Quantum
safety PLCs.
NO
YES (1)
YES (1)
(different
function in
Safety
PLCs)
(1) Only on 140 CPU 6 and TSX P57 5 PLCs.
NOTE: %SW36 to %SW39 have a specific function in Quantum Safety PLCs, refer
to Unity_Pro_XLS Software Operating Modes Specifics guide for more details.
190
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial
state
Modicon
M340
%SW48
IOEVTNB
Number of
events
%SW49
DAYOFWEEK
%SW50
SEC
%SW51
HOURMIN
%SW52
MONTHDAY
%SW53
YEAR
Real-time
clock
function
Premium Quantum
Atrium
This word indicates the IO events and

telegram processed since the last cold
start. This word can be written by the
program or the terminal
safety PLCs.
NOTE: TELEGRAM is available only
for PREMIUM (not on Quantum or
M340).
YES
YES
YES
(except
for safety
PLCs)
System words containing date and

current time (in BCD):
%SW49: day of the week:
1 = Monday,
2 = Tuesday,
3 = Wednesday,
4 = Thursday,
5 = Friday,
6 = Saturday,
7 = Sunday,
YES
YES
YES
%SW50: Seconds (16#SS00),

%SW51: Hours and Minutes
(16#HHMM),
%SW52: Month and Day
(16#MMDD),
%SW53: Year (16#YYYY).
These words are managed by the

system when the bit %S50 is set to 0.
These words can be written by the user
program or by the terminal when the bit
%S50 is set to 1.
35006144 07/2012
191
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW54
STOPSEC
%SW55
STOPHM
%SW56
STOPMD
%SW57
STOPYEAR
%SW58
STOPDAY
Real-time
clock
function on
last stop
%SW59
ADJDATETIME
Adjustment
of current
date
192
Initial
state
Modicon
M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
System words containing date and

time of the last power failure or PLC
stop (in Binary Coded Decimal):
%SW54: Seconds (00SS),
%SW55: Hours and Minutes
(HHMM),
%SW56: Month and Day (MMDD),
%SW57: Year (YYYY),
%SW58: the most significant byte
contains the day of the week (1 for
Monday through to 7 for Sunday),
and the least significant byte
contains the code for the last stop:
1 = change from RUN to STOP
by the terminal or the dedicated
input,
2 = stop by watchdog (PLC task
or SFC overrun),
4 = power outage or memory
card lock operation,
5 = stop on hardware fault,
6 = stop on software fault.
Details on the type of software
fault are stored in %SW125.
YES
YES
YES
Contains two 8-bit series to adjust the

current date.
The action is always performed on the
rising edge of the bit.
This word is enabled by bit %S59=1.
In the following illustration, bits in the
left column increment the value, and
bits in the right column decrement the
value:
YES
YES
YES
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
%SW70
WEEKOFYEAR
Real-time clock
function
System word containing the

number of the week in the year: 1
to 52 (in BCD).
YES
YES
YES
%SW71
KEY_SWITCH
Position of the
switches on the
Quantum front
panel
This word provides the image of

the positions of the switches on
the front panel of the Quantum
processor. This word is updated
automatically by the system.
%SW71.0 = 1 switch in the
"Memory protected" position,
"STOP" position,
"START" position,
"MEM" position,
"ASCII" position,
"RTU" position,
%SW71.3 to 7 and 11 to 15
are not used.
NO
NO
YES
%SW75
TIMEREVTNB
Timer-type
event counter
This word contains the number of

timer-type events in the queue.
(1): Not available on the following
processors:
TSX 57 1/2/3/4/5.
Quantum Safety PLCs.
YES
YES (1)
YES
(except
for Safety
PLCs)
%SW76
DLASTREG
Diagnostics
function:
recording
Result of the last registration
YES
YES
YES
= 0 if the recording was
successful,
= 1 if the diagnostics buffer
has not been configured,

= 2 if the diagnostics buffer is
full.
35006144 07/2012
193
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW77
DLASTDEREG
Diagnostics
function:
non-recording
= 0 if the non-recording was
Result of the last de-registration
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
successful,
= 1 if the diagnostics buffer
has not been configured,

= 21 if the error identifier is
invalid,
= 22 if the error has not been
recorded.
%SW78
DNBERRBUF
194
Diagnostics
function:
number of
errors
Number of errors currently in the

diagnostics buffer.
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW80
MSGCNT0
%SW81
MSGCNT1
Message
management
These words are updated by the

system, and can also be reset
using %S80.
For Premium:
%SW80: Number of message
sent by the system to the
terminal port (Uni-Telway port)
received by the system to the
terminal port (Uni-Telway port)
Initial Modicon
state M340
0
YES
Premium Quantum
Atrium
YES
YES
For Modicon M340:

terminal port (Modbus serial
port),
received by the system to the
terminal port (Modbus serial
port).
For Quantum:
%SW80: Number of Modbus
messages sent by the system
as client on all communication
ports.
NOTE: Modbus messages sent
by the system as Master are not
counted in this word.
messages received by the

system as client on all
communication port.
NOTE: Modbus messages
received as response to the
requests sent by the system, as
Master, are not counted in this
word.
35006144 07/2012
195
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW82
%SW83
Message
management

using %S80.
For Premium:
%SW82: Number of messages
PCMCIA module,
%SW83: Number of messages
received by the system from
the PCMCIA module.
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
For Quantum:
messages sent or received on
serial port 1,
messages sent or received on
serial port 2.
%SW84
MSGCNT4
%SW85
MSGCNT5
Premium:
Telegram
management
Modicon M340:
Message
management

using %S80.
For Premium:
%SW84: Number of telegrams
sent by the system,
%SW85: Number of telegrams
received by the system.
For Modicon M340:
%SW84: Number of
messages sent to the USB
port,
%SW85: Number of
messages received by the
USB port.
196
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW86
MSGCNT6
Message
management
This word is updated by the

using %S80.
For Premium:
Number of messages refused
by the system.
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
For Modicon M340:

Number of messages refused
by the system, not treated
because of lack of resources
for example.If the message is
refused by Modbus Server
then it corresponds to Modbus
exception messages, sent by
the CPU to the remote
Modbus client.
%SW87
MSTSERVCNT
35006144 07/2012
Communication Number of requests processed by

synchronous server per master
flow manage(MAST) task cycle.
ment
The requests processed may
come from all communication
ports (having access to the server
Modbus/UNI-TE, each of them
having its own limitation). This
means also that requests from
other clients, then communication
EFs like IO Scanner, connected
HMI and so on should be
counted.
197
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW88
ASNSERVCNT
%SW89
APPSERVCNT
Premium: Communication flow

management
Modicon M340:
HTTP and FTP
requests
received by the
processors
Web server and
FTP server per
second
198
Description
For Premium:
Initial Modicon
state M340
0
YES
Premium Quantum
Atrium
YES
NO
%SW88: Number of requests
processed by asynchronous
server per master (MAST)
task cycle,
%SW89: Number of requests
processed by server functions
(immediately) per master
(MAST) task cycle.
For Modicon M340:
%SW88: Number of HTTP
requests received by the
processors Web server per
second,
%SW89: Number of FTP
requests received by the FTP
server per second.
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW90
MAXREQNB
Maximum
number of
requests
processed per
master task
cycle
This word is used to set a

maximum number of requests (all
protocols included: UNI-TE,
Modbus, etc.) which can be
processed by the server of the
PLC per master task
cycle.(Requests sent by the PLC
as client are not concerned.)
This number of requests must be
between a minimum and a
maximum (defined as N+4)
depending on the model.
For M340 range:
BMX P34 10/20/: N = 8
(minimum 2, maximum 8 + 4 =
12),
Initial Modicon
state M340
N
YES
Premium Quantum
Atrium
YES
YES
For Premium range:

TSX 57 0: N = 4 (minimum 2,
maximum 4 + 4 = 9),
maximum 4 + 4 = 8),
maximum 8 + 4 = 12),
TSX 57 3: N = 12 (minimum 2,
maximum 12 + 4 = 16),
TSX 57 4: N = 16 (minimum 2,
maximum 16 + 4 = 20),
TSX 57 5: N = 16 (minimum 2,
maximum 16 + 4 = 20)
For Quantum range:
140 CPU 31/43/53/: N =
10 (minimum 5, maximum
10 + 4 = 14),
140 CPU 6: N = 20
(minimum 5, maximum
20 + 4 = 24),
NOTE: Requests may come from
various modules or embedded
communication ports. The
communication exchange
capacity of each port is limited,
therefore the maximum request
value set in %SW90 might not be
reached.
35006144 07/2012
199
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial Modicon
state M340
Continued
%SW90
MAXREQNB
Maximum
number of
requests
processed per
master task
cycle
N
The Word is initialized by the
system with N (default value) If
the value 0 is entered, it is the
value N that is taken into account.
If a value between 1 and
minimum is entered, it is the
minimum value that is taken into
account. If a value greater than
maximum is entered, it is
maximum value that is taken into
account.
The number of requests to be
processed per cycle should take
into account requests from all
communication ports (having
access to the server.) This means
that requests from other clients
than communication EFs, like IO
Scanner, connected HMI and so
on should also be taken into
account.
%SW91-92
Function blocks %SW91: Number of function

message rates
blocks messages sent per
second,
%SW92: Number of function
block messages received per
second.
YES
YES
Premium Quantum
Atrium
YES
YES
YES
NO
Can be read by the user program

or by the terminal.
These counters does not include
other outgoing requests coming
from an IO Scanner for example.
200
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW93
Memory card
file system
format
command &
status
Can be read and written by the

user program or the terminal. This
word is used by the customer to
format or clean up the memory
card:
The format operation deletes the
web pages. To recover them,
perform one of the two following
actions
Use FTP.
Before performing the
format, save the web
pages using FTP.
Initial Modicon
state M340
0
YES
Premium Quantum
Atrium
NO
NO
After performing the
format, reload the web

pages via FTP.
Reinstall the firmware
operating system of the

processor.
The clean up operation deletes
the content of the data storage
directory.
Formatting or clean up is possible
only in Stop mode:
%SW93.0 = 1 a rising edge
starts the format operation.
%SW93.1 gives the file system
status after a format or a clean
Up operation request:
%SW93.1 = 0 invalid file
system or command under
progress,
%SW93.1 = 1 valid file
system.
%SW93.2 = 1 a rising edge
starts the clean up operation.
35006144 07/2012
201
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW94
%SW95
Application
modification
signature
These two words contain a 32-bit

value that changes at every
application modification except
when:
updating upload information,
replacing the initial value with
the current value,
saving the parameter
command.
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
They can be read by the user

program or by the terminal.
%SW96
CMDDIAGSAVEREST
Command and
Diagnostic of
Save and
Restore
This word is used to copy or

delete the current value of %MW to
or from internal flash memory
(see page 117) and to give the
actions status. It can be read by
the user program or by the
terminal:
%SW96.0: Request to copy
current value of %MW to internal
Flash memory. Set to 1 by the
user to request a save, and set
to 0 by the system when a
save is in progress.
NOTE: You must stop the
processor before copying via
%SW96.0.
%SW96.1 is set to 1 by the
202
system when a save is

finished, and set to 0 by the
system when a save is in
progress.
%SW96.2 = 1 indicates an
error on a save or restore
operation (see %SW96.8 to 15
for error code definitions).
%SW96.3 = 1 indicates that a
restore operation is in
progress.
%SW96.4 may be set to 1 by
the user to delete %MW area
in internal Flash memory.
%SW96.7 = 1 indicates that
internal memory has valid %MW
backup.
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW96
CMDDIAGSAVEREST
Command and
Diagnostic of
Save and
Restore
%SW96.8 to 15 are error codes

when %SW96.2 is set to 1:
%SW96.9 = 1 indicates that
the saved %MW number is less
than the configured number.
%SW96.8 = 1 and
%SW96.9 = 1 means that the
saved %MW number is
greater than the configured
number.
%SW96.8 = 1,
%SW96.9 = 1 and
%SW96.10 = 1 indicates a
detected write error in internal
flash memory.
YES
NO
NO
%SW97
CARDSTS
Card status
Can be read by the user program

or by the terminal. Indicates the
status of the card.
%SW97:
0000 = no error.
0001 = application backup or file
write sent to a write-protected
card.
0002 = card not recognized, or
application backup damaged.
0003 = backup of the application
requested, but no card available.
0004 = card access error, for
example after a card has been
removed not properly.
0005 = no file system present in
the card, or file system not
compatible. Use %SW93.0 to
format the card.
YES
NO
NO
35006144 07/2012
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
203
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW991
1
INPUTADR/SWAP
Description
Communication NOTE: This word is used for

Premium and Quantum module
redundancy
management(1) but has a different function.
Initial Modicon
state M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
NO
YES1
NO
NO
NO
YES2
NO
NO
YES
Word used to manage the

redundancy of network modules.
When a problem is detected on a
communication module used to
access a network number x (XWAY), it is possible to switch to
another communication module
(connected to the same network)
by entering the network number in
the %SW99 word.
%SW99 is reset to 0 by the system.
%SW992
CRA_COMPAT_
HIGH2
CRA
compatibility
high status
register
NOTE: This word is used for

Premium and Quantum module
but has a different function
(see Modicon Quantum, Change
Configuration On The Fly, User
Guide).
Word used to manage the
CCOTF compatibility when a new
module is inserted.
When a module is inserted in the
RIO drop the corresponding bit is
at 1 and indicates that the module
is connected on the drop and
CCOTF compatible.
%SW100
CCOTF_COUNT
204
CCOTF
counting status
register
Word is incremented each time a

CCOTF modification is performed
in a PLC.
%SW100 = XXYY where:
XX is incremented each time
an I/O configuration is done in
RUN state in a RIO drop,
YY is incremented each time
an I/O configuration is done in
RUN state in local rack.
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Word
Symbol
Function
%SW108
FORCEDIOIM
Forced bit
counting
status
register
Description
Word %SW108:
Initial Modicon
state M340
Quantum
Premium
Atrium
YES
YES
YES
increments each time an discrete bit
(%I,%Q or %M) is forced

decrements each time an discrete bit
is unforced
%SW109
FORCEDANA
Forced
analog
channel
counting
status
register
Word %SW109:
increment each time an analog
channel is forced
decrement each time an analog
channel is unforced
YES
YES1
YES
%SW116
REMIOERR
Fipio I/O
error
Normally set to 0, each bit for this word

signifies the Fipio exchange status of the
exchange in which it is being tested.
This word is to be reset to 0 by the user.
More details on bits of word %SW116:
%SW116.0 = 1 explicit exchange
error (variable has not been
exchanged on the bus)
%SW116.1 = 1 time-out on an explicit
exchange (no reply at the end of
time-out)
%SW116.2 = 1 maximum number of
explicit exchanges achieved at the
same time
%SW116.3 = 1 a frame is invalid
%SW116.4 = 1 the length of frame
received is greater than the length
that was declared
%SW116.5 = reserved on 0
%SW116.6 = 1 a frame is invalid, or
an agent is initializing
%SW116.7 = 1 absence of a
configured device
%SW116.8 = 1 channel fault (at least
one device channel is indicating a
fault)
%SW116.9 to 15 = reserved on 0
NO
NO
YES
Limited to analog channels of Modicon M340 Analog Modules in M340 remote I/O drops
35006144 07/2012
205
System Objects

Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW123
ADJBUSX
System
allowance
to BUS X
This system word is used by the system

and cannot be used by the user application
YES
YES
NO
%SW124
CPUERR
Type of
processor
or system
error
The last type of system fault encountered

is written into this word by the system
(these codes are unchanged on a cold
restart):
16#30: system code fault
16#53: time-out fault during I/O
exchanges
16#60 to 64: stack overrun
16#65: Fast task period of execution is
too low
16#81: detection of backplane
(see Premium and Atrium using Unity
Pro, Processors, racks and power
supply modules, Implementation
manual) error
NOTE: 16#81 system code is not
managed by Quantum PLCs
NOTE: If this error is detected, all racks
have to be re-initialized.
16#90: system switch fault:
Unforeseen IT
YES
YES
YES
206
Initial
state
Modicon
M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW125
Last fault
BLKERRTYPE detected
Description
The code of the last fault detected is given
in this word:
The following error codes cause the PLC
to stop if %S78 is set to 1. %S15, %S18
and %S20 are always activated
independently of %S78:
16#2258: execution of HALT instruction
16#DE87: calculation error on floatingpoint numbers (%S18, these errors are
listed in the word %SW17)
16#DEB0: Watchdog overflow (%S11)
16#DEF0: division by 0 (%S18)
16#DEF1: character string transfer
error (%S15)
16#DEF2: arithmetic error; %S18
16#DEF3: index overflow (%S20)
Initial
state
Modicon
M340
Premium Quantum
Atrium
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NOTE: The following codes 16#8xF4,

16#9xF4, and 16#DEF7 indicate an error
on Sequence Function Chart (SFC).
%SW126
ERRADDR0
%SW127
ERRADDR1
Blocking
error
instruction
address
Address of the instruction that generated

the application blocking error.
For 16 bit processors, TSX P57 1/2:
%SW126 contains the offset for this
address
%SW127 contains the segment
number for this address.
For 32 bit processors:
%SW126 contains the least significant
word for this address
%SW127 contains the most significant
word for this address
For a system STOP due a watchdog
overflow:
%SW126 contains the number of the
MAST task with the overflow
%SW127 contains the value of the
MAST task with the overflow
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207
System Objects
6.3
Atrium/Premium-specific System Words

This section describes the system words %SW128 to %SW167 for Premium and
Atrium PLCs.
WARNING
documented.
equipment damage.
Topic
208
Page
209
213
214
216
Description of System Word %SW153
217
219
Description of Premium/Atrium System Words %SW155 to %SW167
220
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Description of system words %SW60 to %SW65 on Premium and Atrium Hot
Standby.
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW60
HSB_CMD
Premium
Hot
Standby
command
register
%SW60.1
=0 sets PLC A to OFFLINE mode.
=1 sets PLC A to RUN mode.
Meaning of the different bits of the word %SW60:
Initial Premium Atrium

state
0
YES
NO
%SW60.2
=0 sets PLC B to OFFLINE mode.
=1 sets PLC B to RUN mode.
%SW60.4 OS Version Mismatch
=0 If OS Versions Mismatch with Primary, Standby
goes to Offline mode.

=1 If OS Versions Mismatch with Primary PLC,
Standby stays in standby mode.

Firmware OS Mismatch.This relate to main
processor OS version, embedded copro OS version,
monitored ETY OS version and enables a Hot
Standby system to operate with different versions of
the OS running on the Primary and Standby.
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209
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description

state
%SW61
HSB_STS
Premium
Hot
Standby
status
register
Meaning of the different bits of the word %SW61.0 to

%SW61.6:
%SW61.0 and %SW61.1 Status of local PLC.
%SW61.1=0 and %SW61.0=1: OFFLINE mode.
%SW61.1=1 and %SW61.0=0: Primary mode.
%SW61.1=1 and %SW61.0=1: Standby mode.
YES
NO
%SW61.2 and %SW61.3 Status of remote PLC.

%SW61.3=0 and %SW61.2=1: OFFLINE mode.
%SW61.3=1 and %SW61.2=0: Primary mode.
%SW61.3=1 and %SW61.2=1: Standby mode.
%SW61.3=0 and %SW61.2=0: the remote PLC is
not accessible (Power off, no communication).

%SW61.4 is set=1: whenever a logic mismatch is
detected between the Primary and Standby controllers.

%SW61.5 is set to 0 or 1, depending on the Ethernet
copro MAC address:

=0 the PLC with the lowest MAC dress becomes PLC
A.
=1 the PLC with the highest MAC address becomes
PLC B.
%SW61.6: this bit indicates if the CPU-sync link
between the two PLC is valid:

%SW61.6=0: the CPU-sync link is valid.The content
of bit 5 is significant.
%SW61.6=1: the CPU-sync link is not valid. In this
case, the contents of the bit 5 is not significant
because the comparison of the two MAC addresses
cannot be performed.
210
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description

state
%SW61
HSB_STS
Premium
Hot
Standby
status
register
Meaning of the different bits of the word %SW61.7 to

0
%SW61.9:
%SW61.7: this bit indicates if there is a Main Processor
OS version mismatch between Primary and Standby:
=0: no OS version firmware mismatch.
=1: OS version mismatch. If OS version mismatch is
not allowed in the command register (bit 4 = 0), the
system will not work as redundant as soon as the
fault is signaled.
YES
NO
YES
NO
%SW61.8: this bit indicates if there is a COPRO OS
version mismatch between Primary and Standby:

=0: no COPRO OS version mismatch.
=1: COPRO OS version mismatch. If OS version
mismatch is not allowed in the command register (bit
4 = 0), the system will not work as redundant as soon
as the fault is signaled.
%SW61.9: this bit indicates if at least one ETY module
does not have the minimum version:

=0: all the ETY modules have the minimum version.
=1: at least one ETY module doesnt have the
minimum version. In this case, no Primary PLC could
start.
%SW61
HSB_STS
Premium
Hot
Standby
status
register
Meaning of the different bits of the word %SW61.10 and

0
%SW61.15:
%SW61.10: this bit indicates if there is a Monitored ETY
OS version mismatch between Primary and Standby:
=0: no Monitored ETY OS version mismatch.
=1: Monitored ETY OS version mismatch. If OS
version mismatch is not allowed in the command
register (bit 4 = 0), the system will not work as
redundant as soon as the fault is signaled.
%SW61.15: If %SW 61.15 is set = 1, the setting
indicates that Ethernet Copro device is set up correctly

and working.
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System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW62
HSBY_
REVERSE0
%SW63
HSBY_
REVERSE1
%SW64
HSBY_
REVERSE2
%SW65
HSBY_
REVERSE3
Premium
Transfer
word
These four words are reverse registers reserved for the

Reverse Transfer process. These four reverse registers
can be written to the application program (first section) of
the Standby controller and are transferred at each scan to
the Primary controller.
212

state
0
YES
NO
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Description of system words %SW128 to SW143:
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial
state
%SW128...143
ERRORCNXi
where i = 0 to 15
Faulty Fipio Each bit in this group of words indicates the state of a device connected
connection to the Fipio bus.
Normally set to 1, the presence of a 0 in one of these bits indicates the
point
occurrence of a fault on this connection point. For a non-configured
connection point, the corresponding bit is always 1.
Table showing correspondence between word bits and connection point address:
Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8 Bit 9 Bit
10
Bit
11
Bit
12
Bit
13
Bit
14
Bit
15
%SW128
10
11
12
13
14
15
%SW129
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
%SW130
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
%SW131
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
%SW132
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
%SW133
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
%SW134
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
%SW135
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
%SW136
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
%SW137
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
%SW138
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
%SW139
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
%SW140
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
%SW141
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
%SW142
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
%SW143
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
35006144 07/2012
213
System Objects

Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial
state
%SW144
BAOPMOD
Fipio bus
arbiter function
operating
mode
This system word is used to start and stop the bus arbiter function and the
producer / consumer function. It can modify the starting, automatic and
manual modes of the bus in the event of a stop.
%SW144.0
= 1: producer / consumer function in RUN.
= 0: producer / consumer function in STOP (no variables are
exchanged on the bus).
%SW144.1
= 1: bus arbiter is in RUN 0.
= 0: bus arbiter is in STOP (no variables or message scanning is
carried out on the bus).

%SW144.2
= 1: automatic start in the event of an automatic bus stop.
= 0: manual start in the event of an automatic bus stop.
%SW144.3 to 15 reserved, %SW144.3 = 1, %SW144.4 to 15 = 0.
%SW145
BAPARAM
Modification of
Fipio Bus
Arbiter
Parameters
The bits are set to 1 by the user, and reset to 0 by the system when
initialization has been carried out.
%SW145.0 = 1: modification of the priority of the bus arbiter; the most
significant byte for this system word contains the value of the priority of
the bus arbiter which is to be applied to the bus.
%SW145.1 and %SW145.2 are reserved.
%SW145.3 to %SW145.7 reserved on 0.
%SW145.8 to %SW145.15: this byte contains the value which is applied
to the bus, according to the value of bit 0.
These parameters can be modified when the bus arbiter is in RUN, but for
them to be taken into account by the application, the BA must be stopped
then restarted.
%SW146 Fipio bus
BASTATUS arbiter function
display
214
The least significant byte indicates the status of the producer / consumer
function.
The most significant byte indicates the status of the bus arbiter function.
Byte value:
16#00: the function does not exist (no Fipio application).
16#70: the function has been initialized but is not operational (in STOP).
16#F0: the function is currently being executed normally (in RUN).
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
CAUTION
UNINTENDED SYSTEM BEHAVIOR
Modifying the %SW144 and %SW145 system words can cause the PLC to stop.
35006144 07/2012
215
System Objects

Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW147
TCRMAST
MAST network
cycle time
A value which is not zero indicates (in ms) the value of the MAST task
network cycle time (TCRMAST).
%SW148
TCRFAST
FAST network
cycle time
A value which is not zero indicates (in ms) the value of the first FAST
task network cycle time (TCRFAST).
%SW150
NBFRSENT
Number of
frames sent
This word indicates the number of frames sent by the Fipio channel
manager.
%SW151
NBFRREC
Number of
frames received
This word indicates the number of frames received by the Fipio

channel manager.
%SW152
Number of
This word indicates the number of messages resent by the Fipio
NBRESENTMSG messages resent channel manager.
216
Initial
state
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Description of system word %SW153:
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW153
FipioERR0
List of Fipio
channel
manager faults
Each bit is set to 1 by the system, and reset

to 0 by the user.
See the list below.
Initial
state
0
Description of the Bits
35006144 07/2012
bit 0 = "overrun station fault": corresponds to loss of a MAC symbol while

receiving this is linked to the receiver reacting too slowly.
bit 1 = "message refusal fault": indicates that a message with acknowledgment
was refused, or that it was not acknowledged in the first place. receiving MAC.
bit 2 = "interrupt variable refusal fault".
bit 3 = "underrun station fault": corresponds to the station being unable to respect
transfer speed on the network.
bit 4 = "physical layer fault": corresponds to a prolonged transmission absence in
the physical layer.
bit 5 = "non-echo fault": corresponds to a fault which occurs when the transmitter
is currently sending, with a transmission current in the operating range, and when
at the same time there is detection of an absence of signal on the same channel.
bit 6 = "talking fault": corresponds to a fault whereby the transmitter is controlling
the line for longer than the maximum set operating limit. This fault is caused, for
example, by deterioration of the modulator, or by a faulty data link layer.
bit 7 = "undercurrent fault": corresponds to a fault whereby the transmitter
generates, when solicited, a current weaker than the minimum set operating limit.
This fault is caused by increased line impedance (e.g. open line, etc.).
bit 8 = "pierced frame fault": indicates that a pause has been received in the frame
body, after identifying a delimiter at the start of the frame, and before identifying
a delimiter at the end of the frame. The appearance of a pause in normal
operating conditions takes place after a delimiter has been identified at the end
of a frame.
bit 9 = "Receiving frame CRC fault": indicates that the CRC calculated on a
normally received frame and the CRC contained within this frame have different
values.
bit 10 = "Receiving frame code fault": indicates that certain symbols, belonging
exclusively to delimitation sequences at the start and end of frames, have been
received within the body of the frame.
bit 11 = "received frame length fault": more than 256 bytes have been received
for the frame body.
217
System Objects
218
bit 12 = "unknown frame type received": within the frame body, the first byte
identifies the type of frame link. A set number of frame types are defined in the
WorldFip standard link protocol. Any other code found within a frame is therefore
an unknown frame type.
bit 13 = "a truncated frame has been received": a frame section is recognized by
a sequence of symbols delimiting the end of the frame, while the destination
station awaits the arrival of a delimiter sequence for the start of the frame.
bit 14 = "unused, non-significant value".
bit 15 = "unused, non-significant value"
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Description of system word %SW154:
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW154
FipioERR1
List of Fipio channel

manager faults
Each bit is set to 1 by the system and reset

to 0 by the user.
See the list below.
Initial
state
0
Description of the Bits
35006144 07/2012
bit 0 = "aperiodic sequence time-out": indicates that the messages or aperiodic

variables window has overflowed its limit within an elementary cycle of the macrocycle.
bit 1 = "refusal of messaging request": indicates that the message queue is
saturated - for the time being the bus arbiter is in no position to latch onto nor to
comply with a request.
bit 2 = "urgent update command refused": indicates that the queue for urgent
aperiodic variables exchange requests is saturated - for the time being the bus
arbiter is in no position to latch onto nor to comply with a request.
bit 3 = "non-urgent update command refused": indicates that the queue for nonurgent aperiodic variable exchange requests is saturated - for the time being the
bus arbiter is in no position to latch onto nor to comply with a request.
bit 4 = "pause fault": the bus arbiter has not detected any bus activity during a time
period larger than the standardized WorldFip time period.
bit 5 = "a network collision has occurred on identifier transmission": indicates
activity on the network during theoretical pause periods. Between a transmission
and awaiting a reply from the bus arbiter, there should be nothing circulating on
the bus. If the bus arbiter detects activity, it will generate a collision fault (for
example, when several arbiters are active at the same time on the bus).
bit 6 = "bus arbiter overrun fault": indicates a conflict on accessing the bus arbiter
station memory.
bit 7 = "unused, non-significant value".
bit 8 to bit 15 = reserved on 0.
219
System Objects
Description of Premium/Atrium System Words %SW155 to %SW167

Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW155
NBEXPLFIP
Number of explicit
exchanges on Fipio
Number of explicit exchanges currently being processed on Fipio,

carried out by instructions (READ_STS, REA_PARAM, etc.).
Also takes into account the explicit exchanges carried out by
requests (READ_IO_OBJECT, WRITE_IO_OBJECT, etc.)
Note: The number of explicit exchanges is always less than 24.
The words %SW160 to %SW167 are respectively associated with

racks 0 to 7.
Bits 0 to 15 of each of these words are associated with the modules
located in positions 0 to 15 of these racks.
The bit is set to 0 if the module is faulty, and set to 1 if the module is
operating correctly.
Example: %SW163.5 =0
The module located in slot 5 of rack 3 is faulty.
Operating status of
%SW160 to
the PLC modules
%SW167
PREMRACK0 to
PREMRACK7
220
Initial
state
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
6.4
Quantum-specific System Words

This section describes the system words %SW60 to %SW640 for Quantum PLCs.
WARNING
documented.
equipment damage.
Topic
Description of Quantum System Words %SW60 to %SW66
35006144 07/2012
Page
222
227
228
231
221
System Objects

System words description %SW60 to %SW66.
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial
state
%SW60
HSB_CMD
Quantum Hot Different bits meaning of the word %SW60:

Standby
%SW60.0 = 1 invalidates the commands entered in the display (keypad).
command
%SW60.1
register
0 sets PLC A to OFFLINE mode.
1 sets PLC A to ONLINE mode.
%SW60.2
0 sets PLC B to OFFLINE mode.
1 sets PLC B to ONLINE mode.
NOTE: The Primary CPU controller goes to RUN Offline only if the secondary
CPU is RUN Standby.
At Startup of the Secondary PLC, the secondary CPU goes to Online mode
(RUN Standby) only if both bits %SW60.1 and %SW60.2 are set to 1
(regardless of A/B assignment).
If bits %SW60.1 and %SW60.2 are set to 0 simultaneously, a switchover
occurs:
Primary controller goes RUN Offline, and,
Standby controller now operates as RUN Primary.
To complete the switchover, bits %SW60.1 and %SW60.2 must be set back
to 1. This makes the Offline CPU going back to Online mode (Run Standby).
The OFFLINE/ONLINE mode controlled by the %SW60.1 and %SW60.2 bits
is not linked to the LCD Keypad ONLINE/OFFLINE mode (see Modicon
Quantum, Hot Standby System, User Manual).
%SW60.3
0 If an application mismatch is detected, Standby CPU is forced to
OFFLINE mode.
1 Standby CPU operates normally even if a mismatch occurs.
%SW60.4
0 authorizes an update of the firmware only after the application has
stopped.
1 authorizes an update of the firmware without the application stopping.
%SW60.5
0 no action (default)
1 request for an application transfer from the Primary to the Standby
%SW60.8
0 address switch on Modbus port 1 during a primary swap.
1 no address switch on Modbus port 1 during a primary swap.
222
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW60
HSB_CMD
Quantum Hot continued:

Standby
%SW60.9
command
register
Initial
state
0
%SW60.10
%SW61
HSB_STS
Quantum
status
register
%SW61.0 and %SW61.1 PLC operating mode bits

%SW61.1 = 0, %SW61.0 = 1: OFFLINE mode.
%SW61.1 = 1, %SW61.0 = 0: primary mode.
%SW61.1 = 1, %SW61.0 = 1: secondary mode (Standby).
%SW61.2 and %SW61.3 operating mode bits from the other PLC
%SW61.3 = 0, %SW61.2 = 1: OFFLINE mode.
%SW61.3 = 1, %SW61.2 = 0: primary mode.
%SW61.3 = 1, %SW61.2 = 1: secondary mode (Standby).
%SW61.3 = 0, %SW61.2 = 0: the remote PLC is not accessible
(switched off, no communication).

%SW61.4 = 0 the applications are identical on both PLCs.
%SW61.5
0 the PLC is used as unit A.
1 the PLC is used as unit B.
%SW61.6 indicates if the CPU-sync link between the two PLC is valid
0 The CPU-sync link is operating properly. The contents of bit 5 are
significant.
1 the CPU-sync link is not valid. In this case, the contents of the bit 5 is
not significant because the comparison of the two MAC addresses

cannot be performed.
%SW61.7
0 Same PLC OS version.
1 Different PLC version.
%SW61.8
0 Same Copro OS version.
1 Different Copro version.
%SW61.12
0 Information given by bit 13 is not relevant
1 Information given by bit 13 is valid
%SW61.13
0 NOE address set to IP
1 NOE address set to IP + 1
%SW61.15
0 Hot Standby not activated.
1 Hot Standby activated.
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223
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW62
HSBY_
REVERSE0
%SW63
HSBY_
REVERSE1
%SW64
HSBY_
REVERSE2
%SW65
HSBY_
REVERSE3
Hot Standby These 4 words may be modified is the Hot Standby MAST task first section of
the user application program.
reverse
transfer word They are then transferred automatically from the Standby processor to update
the Primary PLC.
They may be read on the Primary PLC and used in the Hot Standby
application.
224
Description
Initial
state
0
35006144 07/2012
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW66
CCOTF_
STATUS
Status of an
Ethernet I/O
configuration
change
35006144 07/2012
Description
Meaning of the bytes of the word %SW66 (XXYY):
Initial
state
0
XX: The higher byte of the word is associated with the CCOTF status
codes 00 to 1F (in hex):

00: Idle
01: Request length invalid
02: Request header invalid
03: Request descriptor invalid
04: Request signature invalid
05: Request server invalid
06: FDR server invalid
07: Header request ID invalid
08: Header Drop ID invalid
09: Header device name invalid
0A: Descriptor length invalid
0B: Descriptor RTE invalid
0C: Descriptor offset invalid
0D: Signature length invalid
0E: Signature data invalid
0F: Signature count invalid
10: FDR IP invalid
11: FDR subnet mask invalid
12: FDR gateway invalid
13: EIP CID invalid
14: EIP device number invalid
15: EIP IP invalid
16: EIP vender ID invalid
17: EIP product type invalid
18: EIP product code invalid
19: EIP time-out invalid
1A: EIP OT RPI invalid
1B: EIP TO RPI
1C: EIP path invalid
1D: Process succeed
1E: Process busy
1F: Drop does not exist
225
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW66
CCOTF_
STATUS
Status of an
Ethernet I/O
configuration
change
Description
Initial
state
Continued:
XX: The higher byte of the word is associated with the CCOTF status
codes 20 to FF (in hex):

20: Drop already exists
21: Drop not reachable
22: Process device manager detected error
23: Process FDR builder detected error
24: Process FDR server detected error
25: Process EIP scanner detected error
26: Process EIP signature mismatch
27: Process EIP connection rejected
28: Process unknown detected error
29:...3F: Reserved
4C: Maximum CCOTF retries reached
4D: Invalid signature detected by CPU
4E: For CPU: Detected error for communication to CRP
4F: For CPU: IOPL error (build or swap)
50: CRA received wrong communication parameter detected error
51: FDR server did not respond
52: Detected error when downloading PRM file from server
53: CRA downloaded a zero size file from FDR server
54: Invalid configuration in PRM (for example, invalid CRC, invalid
Conf, or Signature mismatch: managed by MC)
55: PRM download time-out
56: All other detected error, for example, CCOTF count difference
between new and old conf more greater than 1)
57:...FE: Reserved
FF: Unknown detected error
YY: The lower byte of the word is associated with the CCOTF processing
status (in hex):

00: Idle
01: In progress
02: Completed
03: Did not complete, but can recover
04: Did not complete, cannot recover
05: Did not complete, CCOTF was rejected by the Drop
226
35006144 07/2012
System Objects

Description system words %SW98 to %SW109:
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW98
CRA_COMPAT_LOW

CRA
compatibility %SW98.0 is not used and is set to 0 by default.
low status
%SW98.1 to %SW98.15
register
=0 sets the drop 2 to 16 is not compatible.
=1 sets the drop 2 to 16 is compatible.
%SW99
CRA_COMPAT_HIGH

CRA
compatibility %SW99.0 to %SW99.15
high status
=0 sets the drop 17 to 32 is not compatible.
register
=1 sets the drop 17 to 32 is compatible.
%SW100
CCOTF_COUNT
CCOTF
counting
status
register

XXYY
XX increments each time an I/O configuration is done in
RUN state in a RIO drop,
YY increments each time an I/O configuration is done in
RUN state in the Local rack.
Initial state
NOTE: On a RUN-to-STOP mode transition, %SW100 is reset to 0.

NOTE: When a byte reaches its maximum value of 255, the
counter is reset to 1.
%SW101
ERIO_
CCOTF_COUNT
ERIO
CCOTF
counting
status
register
Meaning of the bytes of the word %SW101:

XXYY
XX Reserved
YY increments each time an Ethernet I/O configuration
changes.
NOTE: When the counter reaches its maximum value of 255, it is
reset to 1.
NOTE: On a cold-start, warm-start or application download,

%SW101 is reset to 0.
Forced bit
%SW108
FORCED_DISCRETE_ counting
status
COUNT
register
%SW109
FORCED_ANALOG_
COUNT
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Forced
analog
channel
counting
status
register
Word %SW108:
increments each time an discrete bit (%I,%Q or %M) is forced

decrements each time an discrete bit is unforced
Word %SW109:
increment each time an analog channel is forced
decrement each time an analog channel is unforced
NOTE:
NOTE: Limited to analog channels of Modicon M340 Analog
Modules in M340 remote I/O drops
227
System Objects

Description of system words %SW110 to %SW177; these words are active on
Quantum 140 CPU 6 PLCs.
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW110
This system word gives information on the size of the

number of
unrestricted memory unrestricted memory area for %M.
area for %M
%SW111
This system word gives information on the size of the

number of
unrestricted memory unrestricted memory area for %MW.
area for %MW
%SW128
NB_P502_CNX
Number of
connections open
The Most Significant Byte of this word indicates the number

of TCP connections open on the Ethernet link TCP/IP
port 502.
%SW129
NB_DENIED_CNX
Number of
connections refused
This word indicates the number of TCP connections

refused on the Ethernet link TCP/IP port 502.
%SW130
NB_P502_REF
Number of
messages refused
This word indicates the number of TCP messages refused

on the Ethernet link TCP/IP port 502.
%SW132 and %SW133

NB_SENT_MSG
Number of
messages sent
This double word %SD132 indicates the number of

messages sent on the Ethernet link TCP/IP port 502.
%SW134 and %SW135

NB_RCV_MSG
Number of
messages received
This double word %SD134 indicates the number of

messages received on the Ethernet link TCP/IP port 502.
%SW136
NB_IOS_CNX
Number of devices
scanned
This word indicates the number of devices scanned on the

Ethernet link TCP/IP port 502.
%SW137
NB_IOS_MSG
This word indicates the number of messages received per

Number of IO
Scanning messages second from the IO Scanning service on the Ethernet link
TCP/IP port 502.
received
%SW138
GLBD_ERROR
Global Data
coherence error
Global Data coherence error
%SW139
BW_GLBD_IOS
Global Data and IO

Scanning service
load
The Least Significant Byte of this word measures the

percentage of load relating to IO Scanning.
The Most Significant Byte of this word measures the
percentage of load relating to Global Data.
%SW140
BW_OTHER_MSG
Load for messaging

service and other
services
The Least Significant Byte of this word measures the

percentage of load relating to messaging.
The Most Significant Byte of this word measures the
percentage of load relating to other services.
%SW141 and %SW142

IP_ADDR
IP Address
This double word %SD141 receives the IP address of the

Ethernet link.
228
Description
Initial
state
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System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW143 and %SW144

IP_NETMASK
IP subnetwork mask This double word %SD143 receives the subnetwork mask
of the Ethernet link.
%SW145 and %SW146

IP_GATEWAY
Default Ethernet
gateway address
This double word %SD145 receives the address of the

default Ethernet gateway.
%SW147 to %SW149
MAC_ADDR1 to 3
MAC Addresses
The words %SW147, %SW148,%SW149 code the

addresses MAC 1, MAC 2 and MAC 3 respectively.
%SW150
Coprocessor version This word codes the coprocessor version for

140 CPU 671 60, 140 CPU 672 61 and 140 CPU 672 60
PLCs.
The version is displayed in hexadecimal format.
%SW151
BOARD_STS
Status of Ethernet
link
This word codes the status of the Ethernet link.

Bit 0 =0 if the Ethernet link is stopped
Bit 1 =0
Bit 2: 0= half duplex mode, 1=full duplex
Bit 3 =0
Bits 4 to 11: =7 for Quantum, =6 for Hot Standby
Quantum
Bit 12: 0 = 10 Mbits link, 1= 100 Mbits link
Bit 13: 0 = 10/100Base-TX link (twisted pair)
Bit 14: 0
Bit 15: 0 = Ethernet link inactive, 1= Ethernet link active
%SW152 to %SW153
ERIO_DROP_ERROR
Detected ERIO Drop The bits of words %SW152 to %SW153 are associated
error status
with the detected Ethernet RIO Drop status.
The bit is set to 0 if at least one I/O module in the drop has
detected error.
It is set to 1 if all modules are operating correctly.
%SW152.0: Drop No. 1
...........
%SW153.14: Drop No. 31
%SW160 to %SW167
REFRESH_IO
The bits of words %SW160 to %SW167 are associated

Device operating
status determined by with devices that have been IO scanned.
The bit is set to 0 if the device has a detected error.
IO scanning
It is set to 1 if the device is operating correctly.
%SW160.0: device No. 1.
...........
%SW167.15: device No. 128.
Note: These system words are only available for Quantum
coprocessors, and are unavailable for NOE modules.
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Description
Initial
state
229
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW168 to %SW171
VALID_GD
Operating status of
Global Data

with Global Data.
The bit is set to 0 if the device has a detected error.
It is set to 1 if the device is operating correctly.
...........
%SW172 to %SW173
ERIO_CONNECT_
STATUS
Standalone and Hot

Standby Primary
Detected Ethernet
RIO
Communications
Drop error status

with the Ethernet RIO Drop connection status.
The bit is set to 0 if the connection between the PLC and
the Drop is not operating correctly.
It is set to 1 if the connection is operating correctly.
...........
%SW173.14: Drop No. 31
NOTE: In a Hot Standby system, these are for the Primary
CPU.

with Ethernet RIO Drop connection status.
The bit is set to 0 if the connection is not operating
correctly.
It is set to 1 if the connection is operating correctly.
...........
%SW177.14: Drop No. 31
NOTE: In a Hot Standby system, these are for the Standby
CPU. They are not significant in a Standalone PLC.
Hot Standby
%SW176 to %SW177
SDBY_ERIO_CONNECT_ Detected Ethernet
RIO
STATUS
Communications
Drop error status
230
Initial
state
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System Objects

Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW180 to %SW339
IOHEALTHij
i=1..32, j=1..5
Health bits of the

PLC modules
Including Hot
Standby CPUs
Words %SW180 and %SW181 are associated with PLC stations

1 for Standalone and Hot Standby local PLCs main (1) and
extension (2) racks:
%SW180: module health bits of the station 1, rack 1
Initial
state
0

1 for only the Hot Standby peer PLCs main (1) and extension (2)
racks:
%SW183: module health bits of the station1, rack 2
NOTE: SW182 - %SW183 are not used in a Standalone PLC.
SW184 is reserved.

2 to 32. Each station has 5 words available but only the first 2 are
used:
%SW185: module health bits of the S908 station 2, rack 1
%SW187 is reserved.
%SW188 is reserved.
%SW189 is reserved.
...
%SW337 is reserved.
%SW338 is reserved.
%SW339 is reserved.
Bits 0 to 15 of each of these words are associated with the
modules located in positions 16 to 1 of these racks.
The bit equals 0 if the module is inoperative and equals 1 if the
module is operating correctly.
Example: %SW185.5 = 0: the module located in station 2, rack
1, slot 11 is inoperative.
NOTE: Modules 140 XBE 100 00 (see Quantum with Unity Pro,
Hardware, Reference Manual) require a special management.
NOTE: Extension racks are not used in Safety PLCs, only the
PLCs main rack system words (%SW180, %SW185,
%SW190...%SW335) are available in Safety PLCs.
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231
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW340
MB+DIOSLOT
Slot number of
the processor
with Modbus
Plus link
Slot number of the processor with the built-in Modbus Plus link for
connection to the first DIO network. The slot number is coded
from 0 to 15.
This word is not available on Quantum safety PLCs.
%SW341 to %SW404
MB+IOHEALTHi
i=1..64
Operating status
of the distributed
station modules
of the first DIO
network
The words %SW341 to %SW404 are associated with the

distributed stations (DIO): 64 words associated with the 64 DIO
stations of the first network.
%SW341: operating status of the station 1 modules.
...........
modules located in positions 16 to 1 of these stations.
The bit is set to 0 if the module is faulty, and set to 1 if the module
is operating correctly.
Example: %SW362.5 =0
The module located in station 22 slot 11 of the first DIO network
is faulty.
NOTE: For modules 140 CRA 2 the value of this bit is not
significant, and is always set to 0.
These words are not available on safety PLCs and Quantum
Ethernet I/O DIO network.
%SW405
NOM1DIOSLOT
Slot number of
the first interface
module of the
DIO network
Slot number of module 140 NAME 2 for connection to the

second DIO network.
The slot number is coded from 0 to 15.
%SW406 to %SW469
NOM1DIOHEALTHi
i=1..64
Operating status
of the distributed
station modules
of the second
DIO network

stations of the second network.
...........
Example: %SW412.5 = 0
The module located in station 7 slot 11 of the second DIO network
is faulty.
232
Initial
state
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System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW470
NOM2DIOSLOT
Slot number of
the second
interface module
of the DIO
network
Slot number of module 140 NAME 2 for connection to the third

DIO network.
The slot number is coded from 0 to 15.
%SW471 to %SW534
NOM2DIOHEALTHi
i=1..64
Operating status
of the distributed
station modules
of the third DIO
network

stations of the third network.
...........
Example: %SW520.5 = 0
The module located in station 86 slot 11 of the third DIO network
is faulty.
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Initial
state
233
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW535
RIOERRSTAT
RIO error on
start-up
This word stores the start-up error code. This word is always set
to 0 when the system is running; in the event of error, the PLC
does not start up, but generates a stop status code
01: I/O assignment length
02: Remote I/O link number
03: Number of stations in the I/O assignment
04: I/O assignment checksum
10: Length of the station descriptor
11: I/O station number
12: Station autonomy time
13: ASCII port number
14: Number of station modules
15: Station already configured
16: Port already configured
17: More than 1024 output points
18: More than 1024 input points
20: Module slot address
21: Module rack address
22: Number of output bytes
23: Number of input bytes
25: First reference number
26: Second reference number
28: Internal bits outside the 16 bit range
30: Unpaired odd output module
31: Unpaired odd input module
32: Unpaired odd module reference
33: Reference 1x after register 3x
34: Reference of dummy module already used
35: Module 3x is not a dummy module
36: Module 4x is not a dummy module
The words %SW536 to %SW538 are the communication error

words on cable A.
%SW536:
most significant byte: counts framing errors
least significant byte: counts overruns of the DMA receiver.
Communication
%SW536
status on
CAERRCNT0
cable A
%SW537
CAERRCNT1%SW538
CAERRCNT2
Initial
state
%SW537:
most significant byte: counts receiver errors
least significant byte: counts incorrect station receptions.
%SW538:
%SW538.15 = 1, short frame
%SW538.14 = 1, no end-of-frame
%SW538.3 = 1, CRC error
%SW538.2 = 1, alignment error
%SW538.1 = 1, overrun error
%SW538.13 to 4 and 0 are unused
234
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System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW539
CBERRCNT0
%SW540
CBERRCNT1 to
%SW541
CBERRCNT2
Communication The words %SW539 to %SW541 are the communication error

status on cable B words on cable B.
%SW539:
most significant byte: counts framing errors
least significant byte: counts overruns of the DMA receiver.
Initial
state
-
%SW540:
most significant byte: counts receiver errors
least significant byte: counts incorrect station receptions.
%SW541:
%SW541.15 = 1, short frame
%SW541.14 = 1, no end-of-frame
%SW541.3 = 1, CRC error
%SW541.2 = 1, alignment error
%SW541.1 = 1, overrun error
%SW541.13 to 4 and 0 are unused
%SW542
GLOBERRCNT0
%SW543
GLOBERRCNT1
%SW544
GLOBERRCNT2
Global
communication
status
The words %SW542 to %SW544 are the global communication

error words.
%SW542: displays the global communication status.
%SW542.15 = 1, communication operating correctly
%SW542.14 = 1, communication on cable A operating
correctly
%SW542.13 = 1, communication on cable B operating
correctly
%SW542.11 to 8 = lost communications counter
%SW542.7 to 0 = retry totalizer counter.
%SW543: is the global error totalizer counter for cable A:

most significant byte: counts the errors detected
least significant byte: counts "non-responses".
%SW544: is the global error totalizer counter for cable B:
%SW545 to %SW547
MODUNHEALTH1
IOERRCNT1
IORETRY1
Status of the
local station
For the PLCs where station 1 is reserved for local input/outputs,

the status words %SW545 to %SW547 are used in the following
way.
%SW545: status of the local station.
%SW545.15 = 1, all modules are operating correctly.
%SW545.14 to 8 = unused, always set to 0.
%SW545.7 to 0 = number of times the module has
appeared defective; the counter loops back at 255.
%SW546: this is used as a counter for 16-bit input/output bus
errors.
%SW547: this is used as a counter for 16-bit input/output bus
repetitions.
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235
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial
state
%SW548 to %SW640
MODUNHEALTHi
IOERRCNTi
IORETRYi
(i=2..32)
Status of
decentralized
stations
The words %SW548 to %SW640 are used to describe the status

of the decentralized stations. Three status words are used for
each station.
%SW548: displays the global communication status for
station 2:
%SW548.15 = 1, communication operating correctly
%SW548.14 = 1, communication on cable A operating
correctly
%SW548.13 = 1, communication on cable B operating
correctly
%SW548.11 to 8 = lost communications counter
%SW548.7 to 0 = retry totalizer counter.
%SW549: is the global error totalizer counter for cable A
station 2:
%SW550: is the global error totalizer counter for cable B
station 2:
The words:
%SW551 to 553 are assigned to station 3
.......
236
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System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
%SW641 to %SW702
ERIO_MOD_HEALTH
Ethernet RIO
Module Health
bit status
The words %SW641 to %SW702 are the Quantum Ethernet I/O

module health bits:
%SW641: health bits of the modules on rack 1, drop 1
%SW641:
rack 0 in BMX CRA 312 0 drop 1
rack 1 in 140 CRA 312 00 drop 1
Initial
state
0
%SW642:
NOTE:
for BMX CRA 312 0
Rack 0 is the main rack
Rack 1 is the extension rack
...........
%SW701:
%SW702:
modules located in positions:
16 to 1 of the 140 CRA 312 00 Drop module.
15 to 0 of the BMX CRA 312 0 Drop module.
The bit is set to 0 if the module has a detected error.
It is set to 1 if the module is operating correctly.
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237
System Objects
6.5
Modicon M340-Specific System Words
Description of System Words: %SW138 to %SW141, %SW142 to %SW145,

%SW146 and %SW147, %SW150 to %SW154, %SW160 to %SW167
Word
Symbol
Function
Description
Initial
State
%SW138 and
%SW140
Modicon M340
Base addresses for %I (discrete input) and %IW (input

register)
%SW139 and
%SW141
Modicon M340
Base addresses for %M (coil address) and %MW (holding

register)
The base address is the number of %M or %MW which
corresponds to Modbus address 0000.
Examples:
%SW140 contains 1000. When the Modbus server
receives a Read Input Registers request (code 04)
with starting address equal to 0000, it returns values from
%MW1000.
%SW138 contains 0001. When the Modbus server
receives a Read Discrete Inputs request (code 02)
with starting address equal to 0000, it returns values from
%M1.
WARNING
You must set the values of the 4 system words %SW138, %SW139, %SW140 and
%SW141 using the Initial value mechanism.
Do not use programming code to set the values.
Otherwise, when using the PLC init command or setting %S0 to 1 or
downloading an application, the 4 system words are set to 0000 and the behavior
of Modbus server is wrong.
equipment damage.
238
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System Objects
Description of system words %SW142 to %SW145, %SW146 and %SW147, %SW150 to

%SW154, %SW160 to %SW167:
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW142 to %SW145 Modicon M340
Description
Initial
State
Inhibit the I/O error raised by the system when a configured device on the CANopen bus is not present.
This inhibition can be managed with 4 system words
%SW142,143,144,145.
These System words implement a bit list indicating CANopen
node error to inhibit:
bit 0 of %SW142 concerns device at node address 1.
bit 1 of %SW142 concerns device at node address 2.
...
bit15 of %SW145 concerns device at node address 64.
Bit values:
If the bit is at 0 and device not present, then an error is
raised.
If the bit is at 1 and device not present, then no error is
raised.
NOTE: The default value is 0.
NOTE: This inhibition can be performed on the fly, but in
order for it to be taken into account, the CANopen Master
must be reset (by setting bit 5 of the output word
.%QW0.0.2.0 to 1).
NOTE: The system words %SW142 to %SW145 are
available since SV 2.1 of the CPU OS.
%SW146 and
%SW147
Modicon M340
%SW150 to %SW154 CANopen Modicon

M340
35006144 07/2012
Those 2 system words contain the unique SD card serial

number (32bits).If there is not an SD card or an unrecognized
SD card, the 2 system words are set to 0.This information
can be used to protect an application (see Modicon M340
Using Unity Pro, Processors, Racks, and Power Supply
Modules, Setup Manual) against duplication.
NOTE: The system words %SW146 and %SW147 are
available since SV 2.1 of the CPU OS.
Informations concerning the last SDO abort transfer:
%SW150: Low word of the SDO abort code.
%SW151: High word of the SDO abort code.
%SW152: Node number of the SDO transfer.
%SW153: Index number of the SDO transfer.
%SW154: Sub-index number of the SDO transfer.
239
System Objects
Word
Symbol
Function
%SW160 to %SW167 Premium and

Modicon M340
PREMRACK0 to
Rack 0 to 7 error
PREMRACK7
240
Description
Initial
State
Words %SW160 to %SW167 are associated, respectively, to

racks 0 to 7.
modules located in positions 0 to 15 of these racks.
The bit is at 0 if the module is in fault, and at 1 if the module
Example: %SW163.5=0 The module located in position 5 on
rack 3 is in fault.
In case of half racks, 2 contiguous half racks make a
complete normal rack, referenced by only one Swi.
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Unity Pro
Data Description
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Data Description
III
In This Part
This part describes the different data types that can be used in a project, and how
to implement them.
Chapter
7
Page
243
Data Types
251
Data Instances
311
Data References
327
10
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Chapter Name
General Overview of Data
241
Data Description
242
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Unity Pro
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7
This chapter provides a general overview of:
the different data types

the data instances
the data references

Topic
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Page
General
244
General Overview of the Data Type Families
245
Overview of Data Instances
247
Overview of the Data References
249
Syntax Rules for Type\Instance Names
250
243
General
Introduction
A data item designates an object which can beinstantiated such as:
a variable,
a function block.
Data is defined in three phases. These are:
the data types phase, which specifies the following:

its category,
its format.
the data instances phase, which defines its storage location and property, which
is:
located, or
unlocated.
the data references phase, which defines its means of access:

by immediate value,
by name,
by address.
Illustration
The following are the three phases that characterize the data:
Instantiating a data item consists in allocating it a memory slot according to its type.
Referencing a data item consists in defining a reference for it (name, address, etc.)
allowing it to be accessed in the memory.
244
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General Overview of the Data Type Families

Introduction
A data type is a piece of software information which specifies for a data item:
its structure
its format
a list of its attributes
its behavior
These properties are shared by all instances of the data type.
Illustration
The data type families are filed in different categories (dark gray).
Definitions
Data type families and their definitions.
35006144 07/2012
Family
Definition
EDT
Elementary data types, such as:

Bool
Int
Byte
Word
Dword
etc.
245
Family
DDT
Definition
Derived Data Types, such as:
Arrays, which contain elements of the same type:
Bool tables (EDT tables)
EBool tables (Device DDT Arrays)
tables of tables (DDT tables)
tables of structures (DDT tables)
structures, which contain elements of the different types:
Bool structures, Word structures, etc. (EDT structures)
EBool tables (Device DDT structure)
structures of tables, structures of structures, structures of
tables/structures (DDT structures)

Bool structures, table structures, etc. (EDT and DDT structures)
structures concerning input/output data (IODDT structures)
Device DDT Device Derived Data Types, such as:

tables, which contain elements of the same type:
Bool tables (EDT tables)
tables of tables (DDT tables)
tables of structures (DDT tables)
structures, which contain elements of the different types:
Bool structures, Word structures, etc. (EDT structures)
structures of tables, structures of structures, structures of
tables/structures (DDT structures)

Bool structures, table structures, etc. (EDT and DDT structures)
structures concerning input/output data
Structures containing variables that restore the status properties of an
action or transition of a Sequential Function Chart

EFB
Elementary Function Blocks written in C language. These comprise:

input variables
internal variables
output variables
a processing algorithm
DFB
246
Derived Function Blocks written in automation languages (Structured Text,

Instruction List, etc.). These comprise:
input variables
internal variables
output variables
a processing algorithm
35006144 07/2012
Overview of Data Instances

Introduction
A data instance is an individual functional entity, which has all the characteristics of
the data type to which it belongs.
One or more instances can belong to a data type.
The data instance can have a memory allocation that is:
unlocated or
located
Illustration
Memory allocation of instances (dark gray) belonging to the different types.
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247
Definitions
Definition of the memory allocations of data instances.
248
Data instance
Definition
Unlocated
The memory slot of the instance is automatically allocated by the

system and can change for each generation of the application.
The instance is located by a name (symbol) chosen by the user.
Located
The memory slot of the instance is fixed, predefined and never

changes.
The instance is located by a name (symbol) chosen by the user and a
topological address defined by the manufacturer, or by the topological
address of the manufacturer only.
35006144 07/2012
Overview of the Data References

Introduction
A data reference allows the user to access the instance of this data either by:
immediate value, true only for data of type EDT
address settings, true only for data of type EDT
name (symbol), true for all EDT, DDT, EFB, DFB data types, as well as for SFC
objects
Illustration
Possible data references according to data type (dark gray).
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249
Syntax Rules for Type\Instance Names

Introduction
The syntax of names of types and variables can be written up with or without the
extended character set. This option can be selected in the Language extensions
tab of the Tools->Project settings menu.
With Allow extended character set option selected, the application is compliant
with the IEC standard
With Allow extended character set option not selected, the user has a certain
degree of flexibility, but the application is not compliant with the IEC standard
The extended character set used for names entered into the application concerns:
DFB (Derived Function Block) user function blocks or DDT (Derived data type)
the internal elements composing a DFB/EFB function block data type or a derived
data type (DDT)
the data instances
If the "Allow extended ..." Checkbox is Selected

The names entered are strings made up of alphanumeric characters and the
Underscore character.
The rules are as follows:
the first character of the name is an alphabetic character or an Underscore

two Underscore characters cannot be used consecutively
If the "Allow extended ..." Checkbox is not Selected

The names entered are strings made up of alphanumeric characters and the
Underscore character.
Additional characters are authorized such as:
characters corresponding to ASCII codes 192 to 223 (except for code 215)
characters corresponding to ASCII codes 224 to 255 (except for code 247)
The rules are as follows:
250
the first character of the name is an alphanumeric character or an Underscore

Underscore characters can be used consecutively
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Unity Pro
Data Types
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Data Types
8
This chapter describes all the data types that can be used in an application.
Section
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Topic
Page
8.1
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Binary Format
252
8.2
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in BCD Format
263
8.3
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Real Format
269
8.4
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Character String Format
274
8.5
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Bit String Format
277
8.6
Derived Data Types (DDT/IODDT/Device DDT)
281
8.7
Function Block Data Types (DFB\EFB)
294
8.8
Generic Data Types (GDT)
302
8.9
Data Types Belonging to Sequential Function Charts (SFC)
304
8.10
Compatibility Between Data Types
306
251
Data Types
8.1
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Binary Format

This section describes Binary format data types. These are:
Boolean types
Integer types
Time types

Topic
252
Page
Overview of Data Types in Binary Format
253
Boolean Types
255
Integer Types
260
The Time Type
262
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Data Types
Overview of Data Types in Binary Format

Introduction
The data types in Binary format belong to the EDT (Elementary data type) family,
which includes single rather than derived data types (tables, structures, function
blocks).
Reminder Concerning Binary Format
A data item in binary format is made up of one or more bits, where each of these is
represented by one of the base 2 figures (0 or 1).
The scale of the data item depends on the number of bit(s) of which it is made.
Example:
A data item can be:
signed. Here the highest ranking bit is the sign bit:

0 indicates a positive value
1 indicates a negative value
The range of values is:
unsigned. Here all the bits represent the value

The range of values is:
Bits=number of bits (format).
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Data Types
Data Types in Binary Format

List of data types:
254
Type
Designation
Format
(bits)
Default
value
BOOL
Boolean
0=(False)
EBOOL
Boolean with forcing and edge 8

detection
0=(False)
INT
Integer
16
DINT
Double integer
32
UINT
Unsigned integer
16
UDINT
Unsigned double integer
32
TIME
Unsigned double integer
32
T=0s
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Data Types
Boolean Types
At a Glance
There are two types of Boolean. These are:
BOOL type, which contains only the value FALSE (=0) or TRUE (=1)
EBOOL type, which contains the value FALSE (=0) or TRUE (=1) but also
information concerning the management of falling or rising edges and forcing
Principle of the BOOL Type

This type takes up one memory byte, but the value is only stored in one bit.
The default value for this type is FALSE (=0).
It is accessible via an address containing the offset of the corresponding byte:
Address settings:
In the case of the word extracted bit, it is accessible via an address containing the
following information:
an offset of the corresponding byte

the rank defining its position in the word
Address settings:
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255
Data Types
Principle of the EBOOL Type

This type takes up one memory byte which contains:
the bit for the value (V),

the history bit (H) for managing rising or falling edges. Each time the objects
status changes, the value is copied to this bit,
the bit containing the forcing status (F). Equal to 0 if the object is not forced and
equal to 1 if the object is forced.
The default value for the bits associated with the EBOOL type is FALSE (=0).
It is accessible via an address specifying the offset of the corresponding byte:
Address settings:
Historical Trend Diagram

The trend diagram below shows the main statuses of the value and history bits
associated with the EBOOL type.
The rising edges of the value bit (1, 4) are copied to the history bit in the next PLC
cycle (2, 5). The falling edges of the value bit (2, 7) are copied to the history bit of
the next PLC cycle (3, 8).
256
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Data Types
Trend Diagram and Forcing

The trend diagram below shows the main statuses of the value, history and forcing
bits associated with the EBOOL type.
The rising edges of the value bit (1, 4) are copied to the history bit in the next PLC
cycle (2, 5). The falling edges of the value bit (2, 7) are copied to the history bit in
the next PLC cycle (3, 8). Between (4 and 5), the forcing bit equals 1, while the value
and history bits remain at 1.
PLC Variables Belonging to Boolean Types

List of variables
Variable
Type
Internal bit
EBOOL
System bit
BOOL
Word extracted bit
BOOL
%I inputs
Module error bit
BOOL
Channel error bit
BOOL
Input bit
EBOOL
%Q outputs
Output bit
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EBOOL
257
Data Types
Compatibility between BOOL and EBOOL

The operations authorized between these two types of variables are:
value copying
address copying
Copies between types

BOOL destination
EBOOL destination
BOOL source
Yes
Yes
EBOOL source
Yes
Yes
Compatibility between the parameters of elementary functions (EF)

Effective parameter
(external to EF)
Formal BOOL parameter

(internal to EF)
Formal EBOOL parameter

(internal to EF)
BOOL
Yes
No
EBOOL
In ->Yes
In-Out ->No
Out ->Yes
Yes
Compatibility between the parameters of block functions (EFB\DFB)

Effective parameter
(external to FB)
Formal BOOL parameter

(internal to FB)
Formal EBOOL parameter

(internal to FB)
BOOL
Yes
In ->Yes
In-Out ->No
Out -> Yes
EBOOL
In ->Yes
In-Out ->No
Out -> Yes
Yes
Compatibility between array variables

ARRAY[i..j) OF BOOL
destination
258
ARRAY[i..j) OF EBOOL
destination
ARRAY[i..j) OF BOOL Yes

source
No
ARRAY[i..j) OF
EBOOL source
Yes
No
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Data Types
Compatibility between static variables

BOOL (%MW:xi) direct
addressing
EBOOL (%Mi) direct

addressing
BOOL (Var:BOOL)
declared variable
Yes
No
EBOOL (Var:EBOOL)
declared variable
No
Yes
Compatibility
EBOOL data types follow the rules below:
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A EBOOL type variable cannot be passed as a BOOL type input/output

parameter.
EBOOL arrays cannot be passed as ANY type parameters of an FFB.
BOOL and EBOOL arrays are not compatible for instructing assignment (same
rule as for FFB parameters).
On Quantum:
EBOOL type located variables cannot be passed as EBOOL type input/output
parameters.
EBOOL arrays cannot be passed as parameters of a DFB.
259
Data Types
Integer Types
At a Glance
Integer types are used to represent a value in different bases. These are:
base 10 (decimal) by default. Here the value is signed or unsigned depending on

the integer type
base 2 (binary). Here the value is unsigned and the prefix is 2#
base 8 (octal). Here the value is unsigned and the prefix is 8#
base 16 (hexadecimal). Here the value is unsigned and the prefix is 16#
NOTE: In decimal representation, if the chosen type is signed, the value can be
preceded by the + sign or - sign (the + sign is optional).
Integer Type (INT)
Signed type with a 16-bit format.
This table shows the range in each base.
Base
from...
to...
Decimal
-32768
32767
Binary
2#1000000000000000
2#0111111111111111
Octal
8#100000
8#077777
Hexadecimal
16#8000
16#7FFF
Double Integer Type (DINT)

Signed type with a 32-bit format.
Base
from...
to...
Decimal
-2147483648
2147483647
Binary
2#10000000000000000000000000000000
2#01111111111111111111111111111111
Octal
8#20000000000
8#17777777777
Hexadecimal
16#80000000
16#7FFFFFFF
260
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Data Types
Unsigned Integer Type (UINT)

Unsigned type with a 16-bit format.
Base
from...
to...
Decimal
65535
Binary
2#0
2#1111111111111111
Octal
8#0
8#177777
Hexadecimal
16#0
16#FFFF
Unsigned Double Integer Type (UDINT)

Unsigned type with a 32-bit format.
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Base
from...
to...
Decimal
4294967295
Binary
2#0
2#11111111111111111111111111111111
Octal
8#0
8#37777777777
Hexadecimal
16#0
16#FFFFFFFF
261
Data Types
The Time Type

At a Glance
The Time type T# or TIME# is represented by an unsigned double integer (UDINT)
(see page 260) type.
It expresses a duration in milliseconds, which approximately represents a maximum
duration of 49 days.
The units of time authorized to represent the value are:
days (D)
hours (H)
minutes (M)
seconds (S)
milliseconds (MS)
Entering a Value
This table shows the possible ways of entering the maximum value of the Time type,
according the authorized units of time.
262
Diagram
Comment
T#4294967295MS
value in milliseconds
T#4294967S_295MS
value in seconds\milliseconds
T#71582M_47S_295MS
value in minutes\seconds\milliseconds
T#1193H_2M_47S_295MS
value in hours\minutes\seconds\milliseconds
T#49D_17H_2M_47S_295MS
value in days\hours\minutes\seconds\milliseconds
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Data Types
8.2
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in BCD Format
Subject of this section

This section describes BCD format (Binary Coded Decimal) data types. These are:
Date type
Time of Day type (TOD)
Date and Time (DT) type

Topic
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Page
Overview of Data Types in BCD Format
264
The Date Type
266
The Time of Day (TOD) Type
267
The Date and Time (DT) Type
268
263
Data Types
Overview of Data Types in BCD Format

Introduction
The data types in BCD format belong to the EDT (Elementary data type) family,
blocks).
Reminder Concerning BCD Format
The Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) format is used to represent decimal numbers
between 0 and 9 using a group of four bits (half-byte).
In this format, the four bits used to code the decimal numbers have a range of
unused combinations.
Correspondence table:
Decimal
Binary
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010 (unused)
1011 (unused)
1100 (unused)
1101 (unused)
1110 (unused)
1111 (unused)
Example of coding using a 16 bit format:
264
Decimal value
2450
Binary value
0010
0100
0101
0000
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Data Types
Example of coding using a 32 bit format:

Decimal value
78993016
Binary value
0111
1000
1001
1001
0011
0000
0001
0110
Data Types in BCD Format

Three data types:
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Type
Designation
Scale (bits)
Default value
DATE
Date
32
D#1990-01-01
TIME_OF_DAY
Time of day
32
TOD#00:00:00
DATE_AND_TIME
Date and Time
64
DT#1990-01-01-00:00:00
265
Data Types
The Date Type

At a Glance
The Date type in 32 bit format contains the following information:
the year coded in a 16-bit field (4 most significant half-bytes)

the month coded in an 8-bit field (2 half bytes)
the day coded in an 8-bit field (2 least significant half bytes)
Representation in BCD format of the date 2001-09-20:

Year (2001)
Month (09)
Day (20)
0010 0000 0000 0001
0000 1001
0010 0000
Syntax Rules
The Date type is entered as follows: D#<Year>-<Month>-<Day>
This table shows the lower/upper limits in each field.
Field
Limits
Comment
Year
[1990,2099]
Month
[01,12]
The left 0 is always displayed, but can be omitted at the

time of entry
Day
[01,31]
For the months 01\03\05\07\08\10\12
[01,30]
For the months 04\06\09\11
[01,29]
For the month 02 (leap years)
[01,28]
For the month 02 (non leap years)
Example:
266
Entry
Comments
D#2001-1-1
The left 0 of the month and the day can be omitted
d#1990-02-02
The prefix can be written in lower case
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Data Types
The Time of Day (TOD) Type

At a Glance
The Time of Day type coded in 32 bit format contains the following information:
the hour coded in an 8-bit field (2 most significant half-bytes)

the minutes coded in an 8-bit field (2 half bytes)
the seconds coded in an 8-bit field (2 half bytes)
NOTE: The 8 least significant bits are unused.

Representation in BCD format of the time of day 13:25:47:
Hour (13)
Minutes (25)
Seconds (47)
Least significant byte
0001 0011
0010 0101
0100 0111
Unused
Syntax Rules
The Time of Day type is entered as follows: TOD#<Hour>:<Minutes>:<Seconds>
Field
Limits
Comment
Hour
[00,23]
The left 0 is always displayed, but can be omitted at the time of entry
Minute
[00,59]
Second
[00,59]
Example:
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Entry
Comment
TOD#1:59:0
The left 0 of the hours and seconds can be omitted
tod#23:10:59
Tod#0:0:0
The prefix can be mixed (lower\upper case)
267
Data Types
The Date and Time (DT) Type

At a Glance
The Date and Time type coded in 64 bit format contains the following information:
The year coded in a 16-bit field (4 most significant half-bytes)

the month coded in an 8-bit field (2 half bytes)
the day coded in an 8-bit field (2 half bytes)
the hour coded in an 8-bit field (2 half bytes)
the minutes coded in an 8-bit field (2 half bytes)
the seconds coded in an 8-bit field (2 half bytes)

Example: Representation in BCD format of the date and Time 2000-09-20:13:25:47.
Year (2000)
Month (09) Day (20)
0010 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001
0010 0000
Hour (13)
Minute (25) Seconds (47)
Least significant
byte
0001 0011
0010 0101
Unused
0100 0111
Syntax Rules
The Date and Time type is entered as follows:
DT#<Year>-<Month>-<Day>-<Hour>:<Minutes>:<Seconds>
Field
Limits
Comment
Year
[1990,2099]
Month
[01,12]
The left 0 is always displayed, but can be omitted during entry
Day
[01,31]
For the months 01\03\05\07\08\10\12
[01,30]
[01,29]
[01,28]
Hour
[00,23]
Minute
[00,59]
Second
[00,59]
Example:
Entry
Comment
DT#2000-1-10-0:40:0
The left 0 of the month\hour\second can be omitted
dt#1999-12-31-23:59:59
Dt#1990-10-2-12:02:30
The prefix can be mixed (lower\upper case)
268
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Data Types
8.3
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Real Format
Presentation of the Real Data Type

Introduction
The data types in Binary format belong to the EDT (Elementary data type) family,
blocks).
Reminder Concerning Real Format
The Real format (floating point in ANSI/IEEE 754 standard) is coded in 32 bit format
which corresponds to the single decimal point floating numbers.
The 32 bits representing the floating point value are organized in three distinct fields.
These are:
S, the sign bit which can have the value:
0, for a positive floating point number
1, for a negative floating point number
e, the exponential coded in an 8 bit field (integer in binary format)

f, the fixed-point part coded in a 23 bit field (integer in binary format)
Representation:
The value of the fixed-point part (Mantissa) is between [0, 1[, and is calculated using
the following formula.
Number Types that Can Be Represented

These are the numbers which are:
normalized
denormalized
of infinite values
with values +0 and -0
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269
Data Types
This table gives the values in the different fields according to number type.
e
]0, 255[
[0, 1[
0 or 1
Number type
[0, 1[
normalized
E-45
near (1.4
denormalized DEN
255
+ infinity (INF)
255
- infinity (-INF)
255
]0,1[ and bit 22 = 0
0 or 1
SNAN
255
]0,1[ and bit 22 = 1
0 or 1
QNAN
+0
-0
NOTE:
Standard IEC 559 defines two classes of NAN (not a number): QNAN and SNAN.
QNAN: is a NAN whose bit 22 is set to 1
SNAN: is a NAN whose bit 22 is set to 0
They behave as follows:
QNAN do not trigger errors when they appear in operands of a function or an
expression.
SNAN trigger an error when they appear in operands of a function or an arithmetic
expression (See %SW17 (see page 184) and %S18 (see page 164)).
This table gives the calculation formula of the value of the floating-point number:
Floating-point number
Value
Normalized
Denormalized (DEN)
NOTE: A real number between -1.1754944e-38 and 1.1754944e-38 is a

denormalized DEN. When an operand is a DEN, the result is not guaranteed. The bits
%SW17 (see page 184) and %S18 (see page 164) are raised except for the
Modicon M340. The Modicon M340 PLCs are able to use the denormalized
operands but, due to the format, with a loss of precision. Underflow is signaled
depending on the operation only when the result is 0 (total underflow) or when the
result is a denormalized (gradual underflow, with loss of precision).
270
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Data Types
The Real Type

Presentation:
Type
Scale (bits)
Default value
REAL
32
0.0
Range of values (grayed out parts):
When a calculation result is:

between -1.1754944e-38 and 1.1754944e-38, it is a DEN
less than -3.4028234e+38, the symbol -INF (for -infinite) is displayed
greater than +3.4028234e+38, the symbol INF (for +infinite) is displayed
undefined (square root of a negative number), the symbol NAN is displayed
Examples of inaccuracy on normalized value
7.986 will be coded by the application as:
S
E=129
M=8359248
1000001
11111111000110101010000
Using the formula:
The number 7.986 should have a significant of:
As the significant is expressed as an integer, it can only be coded as 8359248

(rounded to the nearest limit).
No number can be coded between the significant 8359247 and 8359248, or
between the real number 7.985999584197998046875 and 7.98600006103515625
The weight of the less significant bit (gap) is, in absolute precision:
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271
Data Types
The gap becomes very important for big values as shown below:
Value
M=8359248
100 000 000
Between 226 and 227
2127
2127
NOTE: The gap corresponds to the weight of the less significant bit.
In order to get an expected resolution, it is necessary to define the maximum range
for the calculation according the following formula:
p being the accuracy and e the exponent (e = E-127)
For instance, if the accuracy needs to be = 0.001, the fixed-point part will be:
with:
Beyond of this limit F, the accuracy will be lost.

Typical case: Counters
Floating must be used carefully, especially when it needs to add a small number to
itself.
In case of small increments, the counter wont count properly, giving wrong results
and stopping to rise when the increment will be lower than the less significant bit of
the counter.
To get correct values, it is recommended to count on an double integer (UDINT) and
multiply the result by the increment.
272
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Data Types
Example:
Increment a value by 0.001 from 33000 to 1000000,
Count from 33000000 to 1000000000 (value times 1000) with 1 as increment,
Get the result multiplying the value by 0.001.
The accuracy F minimum per range will be:
From...to...
F (minimum)
3300...65536
0.004
65536...131072
0.008
...
...
524288...1000000
0.063
This counter can raise up to 4294967295 x 0.001 = 4294967.5 with a minimum

accuracy of 0.5
NOTE: The real value here are the binary value encoded. It may differs from the
display in an operator screen as rounding is done (4.294968e+006)
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273
Data Types
8.4
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Character String

Format
Overview of Data Types in Character String Format

Introduction
Data types in character string format belong to the EDT (Elementary data type)
family, which includes single rather than derived data types (tables, structures,
function blocks).
The Character String Type
The character string format is used to represent a string of ASCII characters, with
each character being coded in an 8 bit format.
The characteristics of character string types are as follows:
16 characters by default in a string (excluding end of string characters)
a string is composed of ASCII characters between 16#20 and 16#FF
(hexadecimal representation)
in an empty string, the end of string character (code ASCII "ZERO") is the first
character of the string
the maximum size of a string is 65535 characters
The size of the character string can be optimized during the definition of the type
using the STRING[<size>] command, <size> being an unsigned integer UINT
capable of defining a string of between 1 and 65535 ASCII characters.
NOTE: The ASCII characters 0-127 are common to all languages, but the
characters 128-255 are language dependent. Be careful is the language of the Unity
Pro is not the same as the OS language. If the two languages are not the same,
CHAR MODE communication can be disturbed and sending characters greater than
127 cannot be guaranteed to be correct. In particular, if the Stop on Reception
character is greater than 127, it is not taken into account.
274
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Data Types
Syntax Rules
The entry is preceded by and ends with the quote character "" (ASCII code 16#27).
The $ (dollar) sign is a special character, followed by certain letters which indicate:
$L or $l, go to the next line (line feed)
$N or $n, go to the start of the next line (new line)
$P or $p, go to the next page
$R or $r, carriage return
$T or $t tabulation (Tab)
$$, represents the character $ in a string
$, represents the quote character in a string
The user can use the syntax $nn to display, in a STRING variable, caracters which
must not be printed. It can be a carriage return (ASCII code 16#0D) for instance.
Examples
Entry examples:
Type
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Entry
Contents of the string

represents the end of string character
* represents empty bytes
STRING
ABCD
ABCD************ (16 characters)
STRING[4]
john
john
STRING[10]
It$s john
Its john*
STRING[5]
*****
STRING[5]
****
STRING[5]
the number
the no
STRING[13]
0123456789
0123456789***
STRING[5]
$R$L
<cr><lf>***
STRING[5]
$$1.00
$1.00
275
Data Types
STRING Type Variable Declaration

A STRING type variable can be declared in two different ways:
STRING and
STRING[<Number of elements>]
Behavior differs depending on usage:

Type
Variable
declaration
FFB input parameter
EF output parameter
FB output
parameter
STRING
Fixed size:
16 characters
The size is equal to the actual

size of the input parameter.

size of the input parameter.
Fixed size of
16 characters
STRING[<n>]
Fixed size:
n characters

size of the input parameter
limited to n characters.
The EF writes a maximum of

n characters.
The FB writes a
maximum of
n characters.
Strings and the ANY Pin

When you use a STRING type variable as an ANY type parameter, it is highly
recommended to check that the size of the variable is less than the maximum
declared size.
Example:
Use of STRING on the SEL function (Selector).
String1: STRING[8]
String2: STRING[4]
String3: STRING[4]
String1:= AAAAAAAA;
String3:= CC;
Scenario 1:
String2:= BBBB;
(* the size of the string is equal to the maximum declared size
*)
String1:= SEL(FALSE, String2, String3);
(* the result will be: BBBBAAAA *)
Scenario 2:
String2:= BBB;
(* the size of the string is less than the maximum declared
size *)
String1:= SEL(FALSE, String2, String3);
(* the result will be: BBB *)
276
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Data Types
8.5
Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Bit String Format

This section describes data types in bit string format. These are:
Byte type
Word type
Dword type

Topic
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Page
Overview of Data Types in Bit String Format
278
Bit String Types
279
277
Data Types
Overview of Data Types in Bit String Format

Introduction
Data types in bit string format belong to the EDT (Elementary data type) family,
which includes single rather than derived data types (tables, structure, function
blocks).
Reminder Concerning Bit String Format
The particularity of this format is that all of its component bits do not represent a
numerical value, but a combination of separate bits.
The data belonging to types of this format can be represented in three bases. These
are:
hexadecimal (16#)
octal (8#)
binary (2#)
Data Types in Bit String Format

Three data types:
Type
278
Scale (bits)
Default value
BYTE
WORD
16
DWORD
32
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Data Types
Bit String Types

The Byte Type
The Byte type is coded in 8 bit format.
This table shows the lower/upper limits of the bases which can be used.
Base
Lower limit
Upper limit
Hexadecimal
16#0
16#FF
Octal
8#0
8#377
Binary
2#0
2#11111111
Representation examples:
Data content
Representation in one of the bases
00001000
16#8
00110011
8#63
00110011
2#110011
The Word Type

The Word type is coded in 16 bit format.
Base
Lower limit
Upper limit
Hexadecimal
16#0
16#FFFF
Octal
8#0
8#177777
Binary
2#0
2#1111111111111111
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Data content
0000000011010011
16#D3
1010101010101010
8#125252
0000000011010011
2#11010011
279
Data Types
the Dword Type

The Dword type is coded in 32 bit format.
Base
Lower limit
Upper limit
Hexadecimal
16#0
16#FFFFFFFF
Octal
8#0
8#37777777777
Binary
2#0
2#11111111111111111111111111111111
280
Data content
00000000000010101101110011011110
16#ADCDE
00000000000000010000000000000000
8#200000
00000000000010101011110011011110
2#10101011110011011110
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Data Types
8.6
Derived Data Types (DDT/IODDT/Device DDT)

This section presents Derived Data Types. These are:
tables (DDT)
structures
structures concerning input/output data (IODDT)
structures concerning other data (DDT)
structures concerning input/output data of Modicon M340 Modules in Modicon
M340 remote I/O drops.
Topic
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Page
Arrays
282
Structures
285
Overview of the Derived Data Type family (DDT)
286
DDT: Mapping Rules
288
Overview of Input/Output Derived Data Types (IODDT)
291
Overview of Device Derived Data Types (Device DDT)
293
281
Data Types
Arrays
What Is an Array?
It is a data item that contains a set of data of the same type, such as:
elementary data (EDT),
for example:
a group of BOOL words,
a group of UINT integer words,
etc.
derived data (DDT),

for example:
a group of WORD tables,
a group of structures,
Device derived data (Device DDT)
etc.
Characteristics
An array is characterized by two parameters:
a parameter which defines its organization (array dimension(s)),
a parameter that defines the type of data it contains.
NOTE: The most complex organization is the array with six dimensions.
The syntax comprising these two parameters is:
282
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Data Types
Defining and Instancing an Array

Definition of an array type:
Instancing an array
The instances Tab_1 and Tab_2 are of the same type and the same dimension, the
only difference being that during instancing:
the Tab_1 type takes the name X,
the Tab_2 type must be defined (unnamed table).
NOTE: It is beneficial to name the type, as any modification that has to be made will
only be done so once, otherwise there will be as many modifications as there are
instances.
Examples
This table presents the instances of arrays of different dimensions:
Entry
Comments
Tab_1: ARRAY[1..2] OF BOOL
1 dimensional array with 2 Boolean words
Tab_2: ARRAY[-10..20] OF WORD
1 dimensional array with 31 WORD type

structures (structure defined by the user)
Tab_3: ARRAY[1..10, 1..20] OF INT
2 dimensional arrays with 10x20 integers
Tab_4: ARRAY[0..2, -1..1, 201..300, 0..1] OF

REAL
4 dimensional arrays with 3x3x100x2 reals
NOTE: Many functions (READ_VAR, WRITE_VAR for example) dont recognize the
index of an array of words starting by a number different from 0. If you use such an
index the functions will look at the number of words in the array, but not at the
starting index set in the definition of the array.
WARNING
UNEXPECTED APPLICATION BEHAVIOR - INVALID ARRAY INDEX
When applying functions on variables of array type, check that the functions are
compatible with the arrays starting index value when this value is greater than 0.
equipment damage.
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Data Types
Access to a data item in array Tab_1 and Tab_3:
Inter-Arrays Assignment Rules

There are the 4 following arrays:
284
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Data Types
Structures
What is a Structure?
It is a data item containing a set of data of a different type, such as:
a group of BOOL, WORD, UNINT, etc. , (EDT structure),

a group of tables (DDT structure),
a group of REAL, DWORD, tables, etc., (EDT and DDT structures).
NOTE: You can create nested structures (nested DDTs) over 8 levels. Recurring
structures (DDT) are not allowed.
Characteristics
A structure is composed of data which are each characterized by:
a type,
a name, which enables it to be identified,
a comment (optional) describing its role.
Definition of a structure type:
Definition of two data instances of an IDENT type structure:
Access to the Data of a Structure

Access to the data of the Person_1 IDENT-type instance:
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Data Types
Overview of the Derived Data Type family (DDT)

Introduction
The DDT (Derived Data Type) family includes "derived" data types such as:
tables
structures
Illustration:
Characteristics
A data item belonging to the DDT family is made up of:
the type name (see page 250) (32 characters maximum) defined by the user (not
obligatory for tables but recommended) (see page 283)
the type (structure or table)
an optional comment (of a maximum of 1024 characters). Authorized characters
correspond to the ASCII codes 32 to 255
the description (in the case of a structure) of these elements
the element name (see page 250) (32 characters maximum)
the element type
an optional comment (1024 characters maximum) describing its role. The

authorized characters correspond to the ASCII codes 32 to 255
information such as:

type version number
date of the last modification of the code or of the internal variables or of the
interface variables
an optional descriptive file (32767 characters) describing the block function
and its different modifications
NOTE: The total size of a table or of a structure does not exceed 64 Kbytes.
286
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Data Types
Examples
Definition of types
Access to the data of a DRAW-type structure instance
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287
Data Types
DDT: Mapping Rules

At a Glance
The DDTs are stored in the PLCs memory in the order in which its elements are
declared.
However, the following rules apply.
Principle for Premium and Quantum
The storage principle for Premium and Quantum is as follows:
the elements are stored in the order in which they are declared in the structure,
the basic element is the byte (alignment of data on the memory bytes),
each element has an alignment rule:
the BOOL and BYTE types are indiscriminately aligned on the odd or even
bytes,
all the other elementary types are aligned on the even bytes,
the structures and tables are aligned according to the alignment rule for the
BOOL and BYTE types if they only contain BOOL and BYTE elements, otherwise
they are aligned on the memorys even bytes.
WARNING
RISK OF INCOMPATIBILITY AFTER CONCEPT CONVERSION
With the Concept programming application, the data structures do not handle any
shift in offsets (each element is set one after the other in the memory, regardless
of its type). Consequently, we recommend that you check everything, in particular
the consistency of the data when using DDTs located on the "State RAM" (risk of
shifts) or functions for communication with other devices (transfers with a different
size from those programmed in Concept).
equipment damage.
Principle for Modicon M340
The storage principle for Modicon M340 PLCs is as follows:
elements are stored in the order in which they are declared in the structure,
the basic element is the byte,
one alignment rule and function of the element:
the BOOL and BYTE types are aligned on either even or uneven bytes,
the INT, WORD and UINT types are aligned on even bytes,
the DINT, UDINT, REAL, TIME, DATE, TOD, DT and DWORD are aligned on
double words,
structures and tables are aligned according to the rules of their elements.
288
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Data Types
WARNING
BAD EXCHANGES BETWEEN A MODICON M340 AND A PREMIUM OR
QUANTUM.
Check if the structure of the exchanged data have the same alignments in the two
projects.
Otherwise, the data will not be exchanged properly.
equipment damage.
NOTE: It is possible that the alignment of data are not the same when the project is
transferred from the simulator of Unity Pro to a M340 PLC. So check the structure
of the data of the project.
NOTE: Unity Pro (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes) indicates where the alignment
seems to be different. Check the corresponding instances in the data editor. See the
page of Project settings (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes) to know how enable this
option.
Examples
The table below gives some examples of data structures. In the following examples,
structure type DDTs are addressed to %MWi. The words 1st byte corresponds to the
least significant 8 bits and the words 2nd byte corresponds to the most significant
8 bits.
For all the following structures, the first variable is mapped to the address %MW100:
First Memory Address
Modicon M340
Description of the structure

Premium
Para_PWM1
%MW100 (1 byte)
%MW100 (1 byte)
t_period: TIME
%MW102 (1st byte)
%MW102 (1st byte)
t_min: TIME
%MW104 (1st byte)
%MW104 (1st byte)
in_max: REAL
st
st
Mode_TOTALIZER
byte)
%MW100 (1 byte)
hold: BOOL
%MW100 (2nd byte)
%MW100 (2nd byte)
rst: BOOL
%MW100
(1st
st
Info_TOTALIZER
%MW100
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(1st
byte)
st
%MW100 (1 byte)
outc: REAL
289
Data Types
%MW102 (1st byte)
%MW102 (1st byte)
cter: UINT
%MW103 (1st byte)
%MW103 (1st byte)
done: BOOL
%MW103 (2nd byte)
%MW103 (2nd byte)
Reserved for the alignment
The table below gives two examples of data structures with arrays:
Modicon M340
st
%MW100 (1 byte)
%MW100
(2nd
%MW104
(1st
byte)
byte)

Premium
EHC105_Out
%MW100
(1st
byte)
Quit: BYTE
%MW100
(2nd
byte)
Control: ARRAY [1..5] OF BYTE
%MW103
(1st
byte)
Final: ARRAY [1..5] OF DINT
CPCfg_ex
st
%MW100 (1 byte)
st
%MW101 (1 byte)
290
%MW102
(1st
%MW103
(1st
%MW104
(1st
byte)
byte)
byte)
st
Profile_type: INT
st
Interp_type: INT
%MW100 (1 byte)
%MW101 (1 byte)
%MW102
(1st
byte)
st
%MW103 (1 byte)
%MW104
(1st
byte)
Nb_of_coords: INT
Nb_of_points: INT
reserved: ARRAY [0..4] OF BYTE
%MW106 (2nd byte)
%MW106 (2nd byte)
Reserved for the alignment of

variable Master_offset on even
bytes
%MW108 (1st byte)
%MW107 (1st byte)
Master_offset: DINT
%MW110 (1st byte)
%MW109 (1st byte)
Follower_offset: INT
%MW111 (entire word)
Reserved for the alignment
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Data Types
Overview of Input/Output Derived Data Types (IODDT)

At a Glance
The IODDTs (Input Output Derived Data Types) are predefined by the
manufacturer, and contain language objects of the EDT family belonging to the
channel of an application-specific module.
Illustration:
The IODDT types are structures whose size (the number of elements of which they
are composed) depends on the channel or the input\output module that they
represent.
A given input\output module can have more than one IODDT.
The difference with a conventional structure is that:
the IODDT structure is predefined by the manufacturer

The elements comprising the IODDT structure do not have a contiguous memory
allocation, but rather a specific address in the module
Examples
IODDT structure for an input\output channel of an analog module
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Data Types
Access to the data of an instance of the ANA_IN_GEN type:
Access by direct addressing:
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Data Types
Overview of Device Derived Data Types (Device DDT)

At a Glance
A Device DDT is a DDT predefined by the manufacturer and not modifiable by user.
and contain the I/O language elements of an I/O Module.
Illustration:
Device DDT structures like DDT structures can contain:

EDT
DDT
Array of EDT and DDT
The DDT types are structures whose size (the number of elements of which they are
composed) depends on the channel or the input\output module that they represent.
In the current implementation, an I/O Module supports only one Device DDT type.
The difference with a conventional structure is that:
the DDT structure is predefined by the manufacturer
the DDT structure supports EBOOL
the DDT structure supports type with extracted bits
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Data Types
8.7
Function Block Data Types (DFB\EFB)

This section describes function block data types. These are:
user function blocks (DFB)

elementary function blocks (EFB)

Topic
294
Page
Overview of Function Block Data Type Families
295
Characteristics of Function Block Data Types (EFB\DFB)
297
Characteristics of Elements Belonging to Function Blocks
299
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Data Types
Overview of Function Block Data Type Families

Introduction
Function block data type families are:
the Elementary Function Block (EFB) (see page 245) type family
the User function block (DFB) (see page 245) type family
Illustration:
Function blocks are entities containing:
input and output variables acting as an interface with the application

a processing algorithm that operates input variables and completes the output
variables
private and public internal variables operated by the processing algorithm
Illustration
Function block:
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Data Types
User Function Block (DFB)

The user function block types (Derived Function Blocks) are developed by the user
using one or more languages (according to the number of sections). These
languages are:
Ladder language
Structured Text language
Instruction List language
Functional block language FBD
A DFB type can have one or more instances where each instance is referenced by
a name (symbol) and possesses DFB data types.
Elementary Function Block (EFB)
Elementary Function Blocks (EFBs) are provided by the manufacturer and are
programmed in C language.
The user can create his own EFB for which he will need an optional software tool
"SDKC".
An EFB type can have one or more instances where each instance is referenced by
a name (symbol) and possesses EFB type data.
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Data Types
Characteristics of Function Block Data Types (EFB\DFB)

Type Definition
The type of an EFB or DFB function block is defined by:
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the type name (see page 250), defined by the user for the DFBs,
an optional comment. The authorized characters correspond to the ASCII codes
32 to 255,
the application interface data:
the inputs, not accessible in read\write mode from the application, but read by
the function block code,
the inputs\outputs, not accessible in read\write mode from the application, but
read and written by the function block code,
the outputs, accessible in read only from the application and read and written
by the function block code.
the internal data:

public internal data, accessible in read\write mode from the application, and
read and written by the function block code,
private internal data, not accessible from the application, but read and written
by the function block code.
the code:
for DFBs, this is written by the user in PLC language (Structured Text,
Instruction List, Ladder language, function block language), and is structured
in a single section if the IEC option is active, or may be structured in several
sections if this option is inactive
for EFBs, this is written in C language.
information such as:

type version number,
date of the last modification of the code, or of the internal variables, or of the
interface variables.
an optional descriptive file (32767 characters), describing the block function
and its different modifications.
297
Data Types
Characteristics
This table gives the characteristics of the elements that make up a type:
Element
EFB
DFB
Name
32 characters
32 characters
Comment
1024 characters
1024 characters
Input Data
32 maximum
32 maximum
Input/Output data
32 maximum
32 maximum
Output data
32 maximum
32 maximum
Number of interfaces
(Inputs+Outputs+Inputs/Outputs)
32 maximum (2)
32 maximum (2)
Public data
No limits (1)
No limits (1)
Private data
No limits (1)
No limits (1)
Programming language
C language
Language:
Structured Text,
Instruction List,
Ladder language,
function block.
Section
A section is defined by:

a name (maximum 32
characters),
a validation condition,
a comment (maximum 256
characters),
a protection:
without,
read only,
read\write mode.
A section cannot access declared
variables in the application, except
for:
system double words %SDi,
system words %SWi,
system bits %Si.
(1): the only limit is the size of the PLCs memory.

(2): the EN input and ENO output are not taken into account.
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Data Types
Characteristics of Elements Belonging to Function Blocks

What is an element?
Each element (interface data or internal data) is defined by:
a name (see page 250) (maximum 32 characters), defined by the user,
a type,
which can belong to the following families:
Elementary Data Types (EDT),
Derived Data Type (DDT),
Device Derived Data Type (Device DDT)
Function Block data types (EFB\DFB).
an optional comment (maximum 1024 characters). The authorized characters

correspond to the ASCII codes 32 to 255,
an initial value,
an access right from the application program (sections of the application or
section belonging to the DFBs see "Definition of the function block type (interface
and internal variables)" (see page 297),
an access right from communication requests,
a public variables backup flag.
Authorized Data Types for an Element Belonging to a DFB

The authorized data types are:
Element of the DFB EDT
types
DDT types
IODDT
Unnamed
tables
ANY_ARRAY
ANY...
Function
block types
other
Input data
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes (2)
No
Input/output data
Yes (1)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes (2)
No
Output data
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes (2) (3)
No
Public data
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Private data
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
(1): not authorized for the EBOOL type static data used on Quantum PLCs
(2): not authorized for BOOL and EBOOL type data
(3): must be completed during the execution of the DFB, and not usable outside the
DFB
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Data Types
Authorized Data Types for an Element Belonging to an EFB

The authorized data types are:
Element of the EFB
Input data
EDT
types
Yes
DDT types
IODDT
Unnamed
tables
ANY_ARRAY
other
No
No
Yes
Yes
ANY...
Function block
types
Yes (1)
No
Input/output data
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes (1)
No
Output data
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes (1) (2)
No
Public data
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Private data
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
(1): not authorized for BOOL and EBOOL type data

(2): must be completed during the execution of the EFB, and not usable outside the
EFB
Initial Values for an Element Belonging to a DFB
This table specifies whether the initial values can be entered from the DFB type
definition or the DFB instance:
300
Element of the DFB
From the DFB type
From the DFB instance
Input data (no ANY... type)
Yes
Yes
Input data (of ANY... type)
No
No
Input/output data
No
No
Output data (no ANY... type)
Yes
Yes
Output data (of ANY... type)
No
No
Public data
Yes
Yes
Private data
Yes
No
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Data Types
Initial Values for an Element Belonging to an EFB

This table specifies whether the initial values can be entered from the EFB type
definition or the EFB instance:
Element of the EFB
From the EFB type
From the DFB instance
Input data (no ANY... type

See generic data types
(see page 302))
Yes
Yes
Input data (of ANY... type)
No
No
Input/output data
No
No
Output data (no ANY... type) Yes
Yes
Output data (of ANY... type)
No
No
Public data
Yes
Yes
Private data
Yes
No
WARNING
UNEXPECTED APPLICATION BEHAVIOR - INVALID ARRAY INDEX
When using EFBs and DFBs on variables of array type, only use arrays with
starting index=0.
equipment damage.
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Data Types
8.8
Generic Data Types (GDT)
Overview of Generic Data Types

At a Glance
Generic Data Types are conventional groups of data types (EDT, DDT) specifically
intended to determine compatibility among these conventional groups of data types.
These groups are identified by the prefix ANY_ARRAY, but these prefixes can
under no circumstances be used to instance the data.
Their field of use concerns function block (EFB\DFB) and elementary function (EF)
data type families, in order to define which data types are compatible with their
interfaces for the following :
inputs
input/outputs
outputs
Available Generic Data Types

The generic data types available in Unity Pro are the following types:
302
ANY_ARRAY_WORD
ANY_ARRAY_UINT
ANY_ARRAY_UDINT
ANY_ARRAY_TOD
ANY_ARRAY_TIME
ANY_ARRAY_STRING
ANY_ARRAY_REAL
ANY_ARRAY_INT
ANY_ARRAY_EBOOL
ANY_ARRAY_DWORD
ANY_ARRAY_DT
ANY_ARRAY_DINT
ANY_ARRAY_DATE
ANY_ARRAY_BYTE
ANY_ARRAY_BOOL
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Data Types
Example
This gives us the following DFB:
NOTE: The authorized objects for the various parameters are defined in this table
(see page 591).
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Data Types
8.9
Data Types Belonging to Sequential Function

Charts (SFC)
Overview of the Data Types of the Sequential Function Chart Family

Introduction
The Sequential Function Chart (SFC) data type family includes derived data types,
such as the structures that restore the properties and status of the chart and its
component actions.
Each step is represented by two structures. These are:
the SFCSTEP_STATE structure

the SFCSTEP_TIMES structure
Illustration:
NOTE: The two structure types SFCSTEP_STATE and SFCSTEP_TIMES are also
linked to each Macro step of the sequential function chart.
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Data Types
Definition of the SFCSTEP_STATE Structure Type

This structure includes all types of data linked to the status of the step or of the
Macro step.
These data types are:
x: BOOL elementary data type (EDT) containing the value TRUE when the step
is active,
t: TIME elementary data type (EDT) containing the activity time of the step. When
deactivated, the step value is maintained until the next activation,
tminErr: BOOL elementary data type (EDT) containing the value TRUE if the
activity time of the step is less than the minimum programmed activity time,
tmaxErr: BOOL elementary data type (EDT) containing the value TRUE if the
activity time of the step is greater than the maximum programmed activity time,
These data types are accessible from the application in read only mode.
Definition of the SFCSTEP_TIMES Structure Type
This structure includes all types of data linked to the definition of the runtime
parameters of the step or of the Macro step.
These data types are:
delay: TIME elementary data type (EDT), defining the polling delay time of the
transition situated downstream from the active step,
tmin: TIME elementary data type (EDT) containing the minimum value during
which the step must at least be executed. If this value is not respected the data
tmin.Err switches to the value TRUE,
tmax: TIME elementary data type (EDT) containing the maximum value during
which the step must at least be executed. If this value is not respected the data
tmax.Err switches to the value TRUE.
These data types are only accessible from the SFC editor.
Data Access Syntax of the Structure SFCSTEP_STATE
The instance names of this structure correspond to the names of the steps or macro
steps of the sequential function chart
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Syntax
Comment
Name_Step.x
Used to find out the status of the step (active\inactive)
Name_Step.t
Used to find out the current or total activation time for the step
Name_Step.tminErr
Used to find out if the minimum activation time of the step is less than
the time programmed in Name_Step.tmin
Name_Step.tmaxErr
Used to find out if the maximum activation time of the step is greater
than the time programmed in Name_Step.tmax
305
Data Types
8.10

Introduction
The following is a presentation of the different rules of compatibility between types
within each of the following families:
the Elementary Data Type (EDT) family
the Derived Data Type (DDT) family
the Generic Data Type (GDT) family
The Elementary Data Type (EDT) Family
The Elementary Data Type (EDT) family contains the following sub-families:
the binary format data type sub-family
the BCD format data type sub-family
the Real format data type sub-family
the character string format data type sub-family
the bit string format data type sub-family
There is no compatibility whatsoever between two data types, even if they belong to
the same sub-family.
Derived Data Type (DDT) Family
The Derived Data Type (DDT) family contains the following sub-families:
the table type sub-family
the structure type sub-family:
structures concerning input/output data (IODDT)
structures concerning input/output device (Device DDT)
structures concerning other data
Rules concerning the structures:
Two structures are compatible if their elements are:
of the same name
of the same type
organized in the same order
306
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Data Types
There are four types of structure:
Compatibility between the structure types

Types
ELEMENT_1
ELEMENT_1
ELEMENT_2
ELEMENT_3
ELEMENT_4
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
ELEMENT_2
YES
ELEMENT_3
NO
NO
ELEMENT_4
NO
NO
NO
NO
Rules concerning the tables

Two tables are compatible if:
their dimensions and the order of their dimensions are identical
each corresponding dimension is of the same type
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Data Types
There are five types of table:
Compatibility between the table types:

Type...
and type...
are...
TAB_1
TAB_2
incompatible
TAB_2
TAB_3
compatible
TAB_4
TAB_5
compatible
TAB_4[25]
TAB_5[28]
compatible
The Generic Data Type (GDT) Family

The Generic Data Type (GDT) family is made up of groups organized hierarchically
which contain data types belonging to the following families:
Elementary Data Types (EDT)
Rules:
A conventional data type is compatible with the genetic data types related to it
hierarchically.
A generic data type is compatible with the generic data types related to it
hierarchically.
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Data Types
Example:
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309
Data Types
310
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Unity Pro
Data Instances
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Data Instances
9
Whats in this Chapter?
This chapter describes data instances and their characteristics.
These instances can be:
unlocated data instances

located data instances
direct addressing data instances

Topic
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Page
Data Type Instances
312
Data Instance Attributes
316
Direct Addressing Data Instances
319
311
Data Instances
Data Type Instances

Introduction
What is a data type instance? (see page 247)
A data type instance is referenced either by:
a name (symbol), in which case we say the data is unlocated because its
memory allocation is not defined but is carried out automatically by the system,
a name (symbol) and a topological address defined by the manufacturer, in
which case we say the data is located since its memory allocation is known,
a topological address defined by the manufacturer, in which case we say the
data is direct addressing, and its memory allocation is known.
Unlocated Data Instances

Unlocated data instances are managed by the PLC operating system, and their
physical location in the memory is unknown to the user.
Unlocated data instances are defined using data types belonging to one of the
following families:
Device Derived Data Type (Device DDT)
Function Block data types (EFB\DFB)
Sequential Function Chart data types (SFC)
Examples:
NOTE: Sequential Function Chart (SFC) data type instances are created when they
are inserted in the application program, with a default name that the user can modify.
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Data Instances
Located Data Instances

Localizing a variable (defined by a symbol) consists in creating an address in the
variable editor.
Located data instances have a predefined memory location in the PLC, and this
location is known by the user:
Topological address for input/output modules
Global address (M340, Premium) or State RAM (M340, Quantum)
Located data instances are defined using data types belonging to one of the
following families:
Input/Output Derived Data Types (IODDT)
The list below shows the datas instances that should be located on a %MW, %KW
addresses type:
INT,
UINT,
WORD,
BYTE,
DATE,
DT,
STRING,
TIME,
TOD,
DDT structure type,
Table.
EBOOL or EBOOL tables, datas instances have to be located on a %M , %Q or %I
addresses type.
IODDT datas instances type have to be located by %CH module channel type.
NOTE: Double-type instances of located data (DINT, DUNIT, DWORD) or floating
(REAL) should be located by %MW, %KW addresses type. Only I/O objects instances
type localization is possible with %MD, %KD, %QD, %ID, %MF, %KF, %QF,
%IF type by using their topological address (for example %MD0.6.0.11,
%MF0.6.0.31).
NOTE: For Modicon M340, the index (i) value must be even (see page 288) for
double-type instances of located data (%MW and %KW).
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Data Instances
Examples:
NOTE: Sequential Function Chart (SFC) data type instances are created the
moment they are inserted in the application program, with a default name that the
user can modify.
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Data Instances

Direct addressing data instances have a predefined location in the PLC memory or
in an application-specific module, and this location is known to the user.
Direct addressing data instances are defined using types belonging to the
Elementary Data Type (EDT) family.
Examples of direct addressing data instances:
Internal
Constant
%M
System
Input/Output
%S
%Q, %I
%SW
%QW, %IW
%MW
%KW
%MD (1)
%KD (1)
%QD, %ID
%MF (1)
%KF (1)
%QF, %IF
Network
%NW
Legend:
(1) Not available for Modicon M340
NOTE: Located data instances can be used by a direct addressing in the program
Example:
Var_1: DINT AT %MW10
;%MW10 and %MW11 are both used. %MD10 direct addressing can be used or
Var_1 in the program.
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Data Instances
Data Instance Attributes

At a Glance
The attributes of a data instance are its defining information.
This information is:
its name (see page 250) (except for the direct addressing data instances
(see page 319))
its topological address (except for unlocated data type instances)
its data type, which can belong to one of the following families:
Elementary Data Type (EDT)
Derived Data Type (DDT)
Device derived Data type (Device DDT)
Function Block data type (EFB\DFB)
Sequential Function Chart data type (SFC)
an optional descriptive comment (1024 characters maximum). Authorized

characters correspond to the ASCII codes 32 to 255
Name of a Data Instance

This is a symbol (32 characters maximum) automatically instantiated with a defaut
name. This name can be modified by the user.
Certain names cannot be used, for example:
key words used in text languages
names of program sections
names of data types that are predefined or chosen by the user (structures, tables)
names of DFB/EFB data types that are predefined or chosen by the user
names of Elementary Functions (EF) that are predefined or chosen by the user
Names of Instances Belonging to the SFC Family
The names of instances are declared implicitly while the user drafts his sequential
function chart. They are default names supplied by the manufacturer which the user
can modify.
Manufacturer-supplied default names:
316
SFC object
Name
Step
S_<section name>_<step No.>
Step of Macro step
S_<section name>_<macro step No.>_<step No.>
Macro step
MS_<section name>_<step No.>
Nested macro step
MS_<section name>_<macro step No.>_<step No.>
Input step of Macro step
S_IN<section name>_<macro step No.>
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SFC object
Name
Output step of Macro step
S_OUT<section name>_<macro step No.>
Transition
T_<section name>_<transition No.>
Transition of Macro step
T_<section name>_<macro step No.>_<transition No.>
Names of Instances Belonging to the Function Block Family

Instance names are implicitly declared while the user inserts the instances into the
sections of the application program. They are default names supplied by the
manufacturer which the user may modify.
Syntax of manufacturer-supplied default names:
NOTE: Instance names do not include the name of the section in which the instance
is used, since it can be used in different sections of the application.
Access to an Element of a DDT Family Instance
The access syntax is as follows:
Rule:
The maximum size of the access syntax is 1024 characters, and the possible limits
of a derived data type are as follows:
10 nesting levels (tables/structures)
6 dimensions per table
4 digits (figures) to define the index of a table element
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Data Instances
Access to an Element of a Device DDT Family Instance

The access syntax is as follows:
Rule:
The maximum size of the access syntax is 1024 characters, and the possible limits
of a derived data type are as follows:
10 nesting levels (tables/structures)
6 dimensions per table
4 digits (figures) to define the index of a table element
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At a Glance
What is a direct addressing data instance? (see page 315)
Access Syntax
The syntax of a direct addressing data instance is defined by the % symbol followed
by a memory location prefix and in certain cases some additional information.
The memory location prefix can be:
M, for internal variables

K, for constants (Premium and Modicon M340)
S, for system variables
N, for network variables
I, for input variables
Q, for output variables
%M Internal Variables
Access syntax:
Syntax
Format
%M or
%MX
3 bits (EBOOL) %M1
Word
%MW
16 bits (INT)
%MW10
R/W
Word extracted
bit
%MW.<j>
1 bit (BOOL)
%MW15.5
R/W
Double word
%MD (1)
32 bits (DINT)
%MD8
R/W
Real (floating
point)
%MF (1)
32 bits (REAL)
%MF15
R/W
Bit
Example
Program
access rights
R/W
Legend
(1): Not available for Modicon M340.
 represents the instance number (starts a 0 for Premium and 1 for Quantum).
For Modicon M340 double-type instance (double word) or floating instance (real)
must be located in an integer type %MW. The index of the %MW has to be even.
NOTE: The %M or %MX data detect edges and manage forcing.
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Data Instances
Memory organization:
NOTE: The modification of %MW involves the corresponding modifications of

%MD and %MF.
%K Constants
Access syntax:
Syntax
Format
Program access
rights
Word constant
%KW
16 bits (INT)
Double word constant
%KD (1)
32 bits (DINT)
Real (floating point)

constant
%KF (1)
32 bits (REAL)
Legend
(1): Not available for Modicon M340.
 represents the instance number.

NOTE: The memory organization is identical to that of internal variables. It should
be noted that these variables are not available on Quantum PLCs.
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%I Constants
Access syntax:
Syntax
Format
Program access
rights
Bit constant
%I
3 bits (EBOOL)
Word constant
%IW
16 bits (INT)

NOTE: These data are only available on Quantum and Momentum PLCs.
%S System Variables
Access syntax:
Syntax
Format
Program
access rights
Bit
%S or %SX 1 bit (BOOL)
R/W or R
Word
%SW
R/W or R
32 bits (INT)

NOTE: The memory organization is identical to that of internal variables. The %S
and %SX data are not used for detection of edges and do not manage forcing.
%N Network Variables
These variables contain information, which has to be exchanged between several
application programs across the communication network.
Access syntax:
Syntax
Format
Program
access rights
Common word
%NW<n>.<s>.<d>
16 bits (INT)
R\W or R
Word extracted bit
%NW<n>.<s>.<d>.<j>
1 bit (BOOL)
R\W or R
<n> represents the network number.

<s> represents the station number.
<d> represents the data number.
<j> represents the position of the bit in the word.
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Data Instances
Case with Input/Output Variables

These variables are contained in the application-specific modules.
Access syntax:
Input/Output structure (IODDT)
Syntax
Example
Program
access rights
%CH<@mod>.<c>
%CH4.3.2
%I<@mod>.MOD.ERR
%I4.2.MOD.ERR
%I inputs
BOOL type module error bit
BOOL type channel error bit
%I<@mod>.<c>.ERR
%I4.2.3.ERR
BOOL or EBOOL type bit
%I<@mod>.<c>
%I4.2.3
%I<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%I4.2.3.1
INT type word
%IW<@mod>.<c>
%IW4.2.3
%IW<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%IW4.2.3.1
DINT type double word
%ID<@mod>.<c>
%ID4.2.3
%ID<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%ID4.2.3.2
%IF<@mod>.<c>
%IF4.2.3
%IF<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%IF4.2.3.2
Read type REAL (floating point)
%Q outputs
EBOOL type bit
INT type word
%Q<@mod>.<c>
%Q4.20.3
R/W
%Q<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%Q4.20.30.1
R/W
%QW<@mod>.<c>
%QW4.2.3
R/W
%QW<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%QW4.2.3.1
R/W
%QD<@mod>.<c>
%QD4.2.3
R/W
%QD<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%QD4.2.3.2
R/W
%QF<@mod>.<c>
%QF4.2.3
R/W
%QF<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%QF4.2.3.2
R/W
%MW<@mod>.<c>
%MW4.2.3
R/W
%MW<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%MW4.2.3.1
R/W
%MD<@mod>.<c>
%MD4.2.3
R/W
%MD<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%MD4.2.3.2
R/W
%MF<@mod>.<c>
%MF4.2.3
R/W
%MF<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%MF4.2.3.2
R/W
%M variables (Premium)
INT type word
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Syntax
Example
Program
access rights
%KW4.2.3
%K Constants (Modicon M340 and Premium)

INT type word
%KW<@mod>.<c>
%KW<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%KW4.2.3.1
%KD<@mod>.<c>
%KD4.2.3
%KD<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%KD4.2.3.12
%KF<@mod>.<c>
%KF4.2.3
%KF<@mod>.<c>.<d>
%KF4.2.3.12
<@mod = \.<e>\<r>.<m>
 bus number (omitted if station is local).
<e> device connection point number (omitted if station is local, the connection point
is also called Drop for Quantum users).
<r> rack number.
<m> module slot
<c> channel number (0 to 999) or MOD reserved word.
<d> data number (0 to 999) or ERR reserved word (optional if 0 value). For
Modicon M340 <d> is always even.
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Data Instances
Examples: local station and station on bus for Modicon M340 PLCs.
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Data Instances
Examples: local station and station on bus for Quantum and Premium PLCs.
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Data Instances
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Data References
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Data References
10
Whats in this Chapter?
This chapter provides the references of data instances.
These references can be:
value-based references,
name-based references,
address-based references.

Topic
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References to Data Instances by Value
328
References to Data Instances by Name
330
References to Data Instances by Address
333
Data Naming Rules
337
327
Data References
References to Data Instances by Value

Introduction
What is a data instance reference? (see page 249)
At a Glance
A reference to a data instance by a value is an instance which does not have a name
(symbol) or topological address.
This corresponds to an immediate value which can be assigned to a data type
instance belonging to the EDT family.
Standard IEC 1131 authorizes immediate values on instances of the following data
types:
Booleans
BOOL
EBOOL
integers
INT
UINT
DINT
UDINT
TIME
reals
REAL
dates and times

DATE
DATE AND TIME
TIME OF DAY
character strings
STRING
The programming software goes beyond the scope of the standard by adding the bit
string types.
328
BYTE
WORD
DWORD
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Data References
Examples of Immediate Values:

This table associates immediate values with types of instance
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Immediate value
Type of instance
I am a character string
STRING
T#1s
TIME
D#2000-01-01
DATE
TOD#12:25:23
TIME_OF_DAY
DT#2000-01-01-12:25:23
DATE_AND_TIME
16#FFF0
WORD
UINT#16#9AF (typed value)
UINT
DWORD#16#FFFF (typed value)
DWORD
329
Data References
References to Data Instances by Name

Introduction
References to Instances of the EDT Family
The user chooses a name (symbol) which can be used to access the data instance:
References to Instances of the DDT Family

Tables:
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Data References
Structures:
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331
Data References
References to Instances of the DFB\EFB Families

The user chooses a name (symbol) which can be used to access the data instance.
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Data References
References to Data Instances by Address

Introduction
At a Glance
It is only possible to reference a data instance by address for certain data instances
that belong to the EDT family. These instances are:
internal variables (%M, %MW, %MD, %MF)
constants (%KW, %KD, %KF)
inputs/outputs (%I<address>, %Q<address>)
NOTE: Instances %MD, %MF, %KD, and %KF are not available for
Modicon M340.
Reference by Direct Addressing
Addressing is considered direct when the address of the instance is fixed, or, in
other words, when it is written into the program.
Examples:
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Data References
References by Indexed Address

Addressing is considered indexed when the address of the instance is completed
with an index.
The index is defined either by:
a value belonging to an Integer type
an arithmetical expression made up of Integer types
An indexed variable always has a non-indexed equivalent:
The rules for calculating <j> are as follows.

Object[index]
Object<j>
%M[index]
<j>= + <index>
%MW[index]
<j>= + <index>
%KW[index]
<j>= + <index>
%MD[index]
<j>= + (<index> x 2)
%KD[index]
<j>= + (<index> x 2)
%MF[index]
<j>= + (<index> x 2)
%KF[index]
<j>= + (<index> x 2)
Examples:
During compilation of the program, a check verifies that:

the index is not negative
the index does not exceed the space in the memory allocated to each of these
three data types
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Data References
Word Extract Bits

It is possible to extract one of the 16 bits of single words (%MW, %SW; %KW, %IW,
%QW).
The address of the instance is completed with the rank of the extracted bit (<j>).
Examples:
Byte Extract Bits

It is possible to extract one of the bits of a byte
The address of the extracted bit is accessible via:
The name of the corresponding byte.
The rank defining its position in the byte. (a number between 0 and 7)
Example:
MyByte is a variable of type BYTE. MyByte.i is a valid BOOL if 0 <= i <= 7
MyByte.0, MyByte.3 and MyByte.7 are valid BOOL.
MyByte.8 is invalid.
Creating a Structure type with extracted bit
The user can create structure type using extracted bit (see Unity Pro, Operating
Modes).
The Bit Rank dialog box is accessible by right clicking on the instance or data type
which type must be:
WORD
UINT
INT
BYTE
an extracted bit with a compatible parent
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Data References
Bit and Word Tables

These are a series of adjacent objects (bits or words) of the same type and of a
defined length.
Presentation of bit tables:

Type
Address
Write access
Discrete I/O input bits
%Ix.:L
No
Discrete I/O output bits
%Qx.:L
Yes
Internal bits
%M:L
Yes
Presentation of word tables:

Type
Address
Write access
Internal words
%MW:L
%MD:L
%MF:L
Yes
Constant words
%KW:L
%KD:L
%KF:L
No
System words
%SW50:4
Yes
Examples:
%M2:65 Defines an EBOOL table from %M2 to %M66
%M125:30 Defines an INT table from %MW125 to %MW154
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Data Naming Rules

Introduction
In an application the user chooses a name to:
define a type of data

instantiate a data item (symbol)
identify a section
Some rules have been defined in order to avoid conflicts occurring. This means that
it is necessary to differentiate between the different domains of application of data
What is a Domain?
It is an area of the application from which a variable can or cannot be accessed, such
as:
the application domain which includes:

the various application tasks
the sections of which it is composed
the domains for each data type such as:

structures/tables for the DDT family
EFB/DFBs for the function block family
Rules
This table defines whether or not it is possible to use a name that already exists in
the application for newly-created elements:
Application
Content ->
New elements
(below)
Section
SR
DDT/IO
DDT
FB
type
FB
Instances
EF
Variable
Section
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SR
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
(1)
No
DDT/IODDT
No
No
No
No (4)
No
No (4) No
FB type
Yes
Yes
No
No
(3)
No
(3)
FB Instances
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
EF
Yes
(2)
No
No
No
No
No
Variable
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
(1)
No
(1): An instance belonging to the application domain cannot have the same name as
an EF.
(2): An instance belonging to the type domain (internal variable) can have the same
name as an EF. The EF in question cannot be used in this type.
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Data References
(3): The creation or import of EFB/DFBs with the same name as an existing instance
are prohibited.
(4): An DDT/IODDT element might have the same name of an FB/EF, however it is
not advised as the FB/EF should not be used in the application.
NOTE: A number of additional considerations to the rules given in the table are listed
below, specifying that:
338
Within a type, an instance (internal variable) cannot have the same name as the
type name of the object to which it belongs,
There is no conflict between the name of an instance belonging to a section of
the application and the name of the instance belonging to a section of a DFB,
There is no conflict between the name of a section belonging to a task and the
name of the section belonging to a DFB.
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Programming Language
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IV
Contents of this Part
This part describes the syntax of the programming languages that are available.
Chapter
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Chapter Name
Page
11
Function Block Language FBD
341
12
Ladder Diagram (LD)
369
13
SFC Sequence Language
413
14
475
15
527
339
340
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11
Overview
This chapter describes the function block language FBD which conforms to
IEC 61131.
Topic
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General Information about the FBD Function Block Language
342
Elementary Functions, Elementary Function Blocks, Derived Function Blocks

and Procedures (FFBs)
344
Subroutine Calls
354
Control Elements
355
Link
356
Text Object
358
Execution Sequence of the FFBs
359
Change Execution Sequence
362
Loop Planning
367
341
General Information about the FBD Function Block Language

Introduction
The FBD editor is used for graphical function block programming according to
IEC 61131-3.
Representation of an FBD Section
Representation:
Objects
The objects of the FBD programming language (Function Block Diagram) help to
divide a section into a number of:
EFs and EFBs (Elementary Functions (see page 344) and Elementary Function
Blocks (see page 345)),
DFBs (Derived Function Blocks) (see page 346),
Procedures (see page 346) and
Control Elements (see page 355).
These objects, combined under the name FFBs, can be linked with each other by:
Links (see page 356) or
Actual Parameters (see page 347).
Comments regarding the section logic can be provided using text objects (see Text
Object, page 358).
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Section Size
One FBD section consists of a window containing a single page.
This page has a grid background. A grid unit consists of 10 coordinates. A grid unit
is the smallest possible space between 2 objects in an FBD section.
The FBD programming language is not cell oriented but the objects are still aligned
with the grid coordinates.
An FBD section can be configured in number of cells (horizontal grid coordinates
and vertical grid coordinates).
IEC Conformity
For a description of the extent to which the FBD programming language conforms
to IEC, see IEC Conformity (see page 661).
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Introduction
FFB is the generic term for:
Elementary Function (EF) (see page 344)
Elementary Function Block (EFB) (see page 345)
DFB (Derived Function Block) (see page 346)
Procedure (see page 346)
Elementary Function
Elementary functions (EF) have no internal states. If the input values are the same,
the value on the output is the same every time the function is called. For example,
the addition of two values always gives the same result.
An elementary function is represented graphically as a frame with inputs and one
output. The inputs are always represented on the left and the output is always on the
right of the frame.
The name of the function, i.e. the function type, is displayed in the center of the
frame.
The execution number (see page 359) for the function is shown to the right of the
function type.
The function counter is shown above the frame. The function counter is the
sequential number of the function within the current section. Function counters
cannot be modified.
Elementary Function
With some elementary functions, the number of inputs can be increased.
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Elementary Function Block

Elementary function blocks (EFBs) have internal states. If the input values are the
same, the value on the output can be different each time the function is called. e.g.
for a counter the value on the output is incremented.
An elementary function block is represented graphically as a frame with inputs and
outputs. The inputs are always represented on the left and the outputs always on the
right of the frame.
Function blocks can have more than one output.
The name of the function block, i.e. the function block type, is displayed in the center
of the frame.
The execution number (see page 359) for the function block is shown to the right of
the function block type.
The instance name is displayed above the frame.
The instance name serves as a unique identification for the function block in a
project.
The EFB instance name is created automatically and has the following structure:
TYPE_n, where:
TYPE is the type of the function block.
n is the sequential number of the function block type in the project.
For exmple:
First instance of a type EFB type TON is named TON_1
First instance of a type EFB type MOTOR is named MOTOR_1
Second instance of a type EFB type TON is named TON_2
This automatically generated name can be modified for clarification. The instance
name (max. 32 characters) must be unique throughout the project and is not casesensitive. The instance name must conform to general naming conventions.
NOTE: To conform to IEC61131-3, only letters are permitted as the first character
of the name. If you want to use a numeral as your first character however, this must
be enabled explicitly.
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DFB
Derived function blocks (DFBs) have the same properties as elementary function
blocks. The user can create them in the programming languages FBD, LD, IL, and/or
ST.
The only difference to elementary function blocks is that the derived function block
is represented as a frame with double vertical lines.
Derived Function Block
Procedure
Procedures are functions viewed technically.
The only difference to elementary functions is that procedures can occupy more
than one output and they support data type VAR_IN_OUT.
Procedures are a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be enabled explicitly.
To the eye, procedures are no different than elementary functions.
Procedure
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Parameters
Inputs and outputs are required to transfer values to or from an FFB. These are
called formal parameters.
Objects are linked to formal parameters; these objects contain the current process
states. They are called actual parameters.
Formal and actual parameters:
At program runtime, the values from the process are transferred to the FFB via the
actual parameters and then output again after processing.
Only one object (actual parameter) of the following types may be linked to FFB
inputs:
Variable
Address
Literal
ST Expression (see page 529)
ST expressions on FFB inputs are a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be
enabled explicitly.
Link
The following combinations of objects (actual parameters) can be linked to FFB
outputs:
one variable
a variable and one or more connections (but not for VAR_IN_OUT
(see page 353) outputs)
an address
an address and one or more connections (but not for VAR_IN_OUT
one or more connections (but not for VAR_IN_OUT (see page 353) outputs)
The data type of the object to be linked must be the same as that of the FFB
input/output. If all actual parameters consist of literals, a suitable data type is
selected for the function block.
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Exception: For generic FFB inputs/outputs with data type ANY_BIT, it is possible to
link objects of data type INT or DINT (not UINT and UDINT).
This is a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be enabled explicitly.
Example:
Allowed:
Not allowed:
(In this case, AND_INT must be used.)

Not all formal parameters have to be assigned an actual parameter. However, this
does not apply in the case of negated pins. These must always be assigned an
actual parameter. This is also the case with some formal parameter types. These
types are shown in the following table.
Table of formal parameter types:
Parameter type
EDT
STRING
ARRAY
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
STRUCT FB
ANY
EFB: Input
EFB: VAR_IN_OUT +
EFB: Output
DFB: Input
DFB: VAR_IN_OUT +
DFB: Output
EF: Input
EF: VAR_IN_OUT
EF: Output
Procedure: Input
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Parameter type
EDT
STRING
ARRAY
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
STRUCT FB
ANY
Procedure:
VAR_IN_OUT
Procedure: Output
Actual parameter required
Actual parameter not required
not applicable
FFBs that use actual parameters on the inputs that have not yet received any value
assignment, work with the initial values of these actual parameters.
If no value is allocated to a formal parameter, then the initial value will be used for
executing the function block. If no initial value has been defined then the default
value ("0") is used.
If a formal parameter is not assigned a value and the function block/DFB instance is
invoked more than once, then the subsequently executed invocations are run with
the last effective actual value.
NOTE: Unassigned data structures will always be initialized with value "0", initial
values can not be defined.
Public Variables
In addition to inputs and outputs, some function blocks also provide public variables.
These variables transfer static values (values that are not influenced by the process)
to the function block. They are used for setting parameters for the function block.
Public variables are a supplement to IEC 61131-3.
The assignment of values to public variables is made using their initial values.
Public variables are read via the instance name of the function block and the names
of the public variables.
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Example:
Private Variables
In addition to inputs, outputs and public variables, some function blocks also provide
private variables.
Like public variables, private variables are used to transfer statistical values (values
that are not influenced by the process) to the function block.
Private variables can not be accessed by user program. These type of variables can
only be accessed by the animation table.
NOTE: Nested DFBs are declared as private variables of the parent DFB. So their
variables are also not accessible through programming, but trough the animation
table.
Private variables are a supplement to IEC 61131-3.
Programming Notes
Attention should be paid to the following programming notes:
FFBs are only executed if the input EN=1 or if the input EN is grayed out (see also
EN and ENO (see page 351)).
Boolean inputs and outputs can be inverted.
Special conditions apply when using VAR_IN_OUT variables (see page 353).
Function block/DFB instances can be called multiple times (see also Multiple
Function Block Instance Call (see page 351)).
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Multiple Function Block Instance Call

Function block/DFB instances can be called more than once; other than instances
from communication EFBs and function blocks/DFBs with an ANY output but no ANY
input: these can only be called once.
Calling the same function block/DFB instance more than once makes sense, for
example, in the following cases:
If the function block/DFB has no internal value or it is not required for further
processing.
In this case, memory is saved by calling the same function block/DFB instance
more than once since the code for the function block/DFB is only loaded once.
The function block/DFB is then handled like a "Function".
If the function block/DFB has an internal value and this is supposed to influence
various program segments, for example, the value of a counter should be
increased in different parts of the program.
In this case, calling the same function block/DFB means that temporary results
do not have to be saved for further processing in another part of the program.
EN and ENO
One EN input and one ENO output can be used in all FFBs.
If the value of EN is equal to "0" when the FFB is invoked, the algorithms defined by
the FFB are not executed and ENO is set to "0".
the FFB will be executed. After the algorithms have been executed successfully, the
value of ENO is set to "1". If an error occurs when executing these algorithms, ENO
is set to "0".
If the EN pin is not assigned a value, when the FFB is invoked, the algorithm defined
by the FFB is executed (same as if EN equals to "1"), Please refer to Maintain output
links on disabled EF (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes).
If ENO is set to "0" (caused by EN=0 or an error during execution):
Function blocks
EN/ENO handling with function blocks that (only) have one link as an output
parameter:
If EN of FUNCBLOCK_1 is set to "0", the link on output OUT of FUNCBLOCK_1

maintains the old status it had during the last correctly executed cycle.
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EN/ENO handling with function blocks that have one variable and one link as
output parameters:

maintains the old status it had during the last correctly executed cycle. The
OUT1 variable on the same pin either retains its previous status or can be
changed externally without influencing the link. The variable and the link are
saved independently of each other.
Functions/Procedures
As defined in IEC61131-3, the outputs from deactivated functions (EN input set to
"0") are undefined. (The same applies to procedures.)
Here nevertheless an explanation of the output statuses in this case:
EN/ENO handling with function/procedure blocks that (only) have one link as
an output parameter:
If EN of FUNC_PROC_1 is set to "0", the value of the link on output OUT of

FUNC_PROC_1 depends on the project setting Maintain output links on
disabled EF available since Unity Pro 4.1.
If this project setting is set to 0, the value of the link is set to 0.
If this project setting is set to 1, the link maintains the old value it had during
the last correctly executed cycle.
Please refer to Maintain output links on disabled EF (see Unity Pro, Operating
Modes).
EN/ENO handling with function/procedure blocks that have one variable and
one link as output parameters:

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Please refer to Maintain output links on disabled EF (see Unity Pro, Operating
Modes).
The OUT1 variable on the same pin either retains its previous status or can be
The output behavior of the FFBs does not depend on whether the FFBs are invoked
without EN/ENO or with EN=1.
NOTE: For disabled function blocks (EN = 0) with an internal time function (e.g.
function block DELAY), time seems to keep running, since it is calculated with the
help of a system clock and is therefore independent of the program cycle and the
release of the block.
VAR_IN_OUT Variable
FFBs are often used to read a variable at an input (input variables), to process it and
to output the altered values of the same variable (output variables).
This special type of input/output variable is also called a VAR_IN_OUT variable.
The link between input and output variables is represented by a line in the FFB.
VAR_IN_OUT variable
The following special features are to be noted when using FFBs with VAR_IN_OUT
variables.
All VAR_IN_OUT inputs must be assigned a variable.
Via graphical links only VAR_IN_OUT outputs with VAR_IN_OUT inputs can be
connected.
Only one graphical link can be connected to a VAR_IN_OUT input/output.
A combination of variable/address and graphical connections is not possible for
VAR_IN_OUT outputs).
No literals or constants can be connected to VAR_IN_OUT inputs/outputs.
No negations can be used on VAR_IN_OUT inputs/outputs.
Different variables/variable components can be connected to the VAR_IN_OUT
input and the VAR_IN_OUT output. In this case the value of the variables/variable
component on the input is copied to the at the output variables/variable
component.
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Subroutine Calls
Calling a Subroutine
In FBD, subroutines are called using the following blocks.
If the status of EN is 1, the respective subroutine (variable name inSR_Name) is

called.
The output ENO is not used to display the error status for this type of block. The
output ENO is always 1 for this type of block and is used to call multiple subroutines
simultaneously.
The following construction makes it possible to call multiple subroutines
simultaneously.
The subroutine to be called must be located in the same task as the FBD section
called.
Subroutines can also be called from within subroutines.
Subroutine calls are a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be enabled explicitly.
In SFC action sections, subroutine calls are only allowed when Multitoken Operation
is enabled.
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Control Elements
Introduction
Control elements are used for executing jumps within an FBD section and for
returning from a subroutine (SRx) or derived function block (DFB) to the main
program.
Control Elements
The following control elements are available.
Designation
Representation
Jump
Label
Return
Description
When the status of the left link is 1, a jump is made to a label (in the current
section).
To generate a conditional jump, a jump object is linked to a Boolean FFB
output.
To generate an unconditional jump, the jump object is assigned the value
1 for example, using the AND function.
LABEL:
Labels (jump targets) are indicated as text with a colon at the end.
This text is limited to 32 characters and must be unique within the entire
section. The text must conform to general naming conventions.
Jump labels can only be placed between the first two grid points on the left
edge of the section.
Note: Jump labels may not "cut through" networks, i.e. an assumed line
from the jump label to the right edge of the section may not be crossed by
any object. This is also valid for links.
RETURN objects can not be used in the main program.
In a DFB, a RETURN object forces the return to the program which called
the DFB.
The rest of the DFB section containing the RETURN object is not
executed.
The next sections of the DFB are not executed.
The program which called the DFB will be executed after return from the
DFB.
If the DFB is called by another DFB, the calling DFB will be executed
after return.
In a SR, a RETURN object forces the return to the program which called
the SR.
The rest of the SR containing the RETURN object is not executed.
The program which called the SR will be executed after return from
the SR.
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Link
Description
Links are vertical and horizontal connections between FFBs.
Representation
The link coordinates are identified by a filled circle.
Crossed links are indicated by a "broken" link.
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Programming Notes
Links can be used for any data type.
The data types of the inputs/outputs to be linked must be the same.
Several links can be connected with one FFB output. Only one may be linked with
an FFB input however.
Inputs and outputs may be linked to one-another. Linking more than one output
together is not possible. That means that no OR connection is possible using
links in FBD. An OR function is to be used in this case.
Overlapping links with other objects is permitted.
Links may not be used to create loops since the sequence of execution in this
case cannot be clearly determined in the section. Loops must be created using
actual parameters (see Loop Planning, page 367).
To avoid links crossing each other, links can also be represented in the form of
connectors.
The source and target for the connection are labeled with a name that is unique
within the section.
The connector name has the following structure depending on the type of source
object for the connection:
For functions: "Function counter/formal parameter" for the source of the
connection
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For function blocks: "Instance name/formal parameter" for the source of the
connection
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Text Object
Description
Text can be positioned as text objects using FBD Function Block language. The size
of these text objects depends on the length of the text. The size of the object,
depending on the size of the text, can be extended vertically and horizontally to fill
further grid units. Text objects may not overlap with FFBs; however they may
overlap with links.
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Execution Sequence of the FFBs

Introduction
The execution sequence is determined by the position of the FFBs within the section
(executed from left to right and from top to bottom). If the FFBs are then linked
graphically, the execution sequence is determined by the signal flow.
The execution sequence is indicated by the execution number (number in the top
right corner of the FFB frame).
Execution Sequence on Networks
For network execution sequences, the following rules apply:
Executing a section is completed network by network based on the FFB links
from above and below.
case cannot be clearly determined. Loops must be created using actual
parameters (see Loop Planning, page 367).
The execution sequence for networks that are not linked is determined by the
graphic sequence (from top-right to bottom-left). This execution sequence can be
influenced (see Change Execution Sequence, page 362).
Processing on a network is ended completely before the processing begins on
another network for which outputs are used on the previous network.
No element of a network is deemed to be processed as long as the status of all
inputs of this element are not calculated.
Processing on a network is only ended if all outputs on this network have been
processed.
Signal Flow within a Network
For execution sequences within a network, the following rules apply:
An FFB is only processed if all elements (FFB outputs etc.) with which its inputs
are linked are processed.
The execution sequence of FFBs that are linked with various outputs of the same
FFB runs from top to bottom.
The execution sequence of FFBs is not influenced by the location within the
network.
This does not apply if more than one FFB is linked to the same output of the
"calling" FFB. In this case, the execution sequence is determined by the graphic
sequence (from top to bottom).
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Priorities
Priorities in Defining the Signal Flow Within a Section.
360
Priority
Rule
Description
Link
Links have the highest priorities in defining the signal flow

within a FBD section.
User Definition
User Access to Execution Sequence.
Network by
Network
Processing on a network is ended completely before the

processing begins on another network.
Output Sequence
FFBs that are linked to the outputs of the same "calling"

FFB are processed from top to bottom.
Rung by Rung
Lowest priority. (Only applies if none of the other rules

apply).
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Example
Example of the Execution Sequence of Objects in an FBD Section:
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Introduction
The execution order of networks and the execution order of objects within a network
are defined by a number of rules (see page 360).
In some cases the execution order suggested by the system should be changed.
The procedure for defining/changing the execution sequence of networks is as
follows:
Using links instead of actual parameters
Network positions
Explicit execution sequence definition
follows:
FFB positions
Original Situation
The following diagram shows two networks for which the execution sequences are
simply defined by their positions within the section, without taking into account the
fact that blocks .4/.5 and .7/.8 require a different execution sequence.
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Link Instead of Actual Parameters

By using a link instead of a variable the two networks are executed in the proper
sequence (see also Original Situation, page 362).
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Network Positions
The correct execution sequence can be achieved by changing the position of the
networks in the section (see also Original Situation, page 362).
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Explicit Definition
The correct execution sequence can be achieved by explicitly changing the
execution sequence of an FFB. To indicate that which FFBs had their execution
order changed, the execution number is shown in a black field (see also Original
Situation, page 362).
NOTE: Only one reference of an instance is allowed, e.g. the instance ".7" may only
be referenced once.
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FFB Positions
The position of FFBs only influences the execution sequence if more than one FFB
is linked to the same output of the "calling" FFB (see also Original Situation,
page 362).
In the first network, block positions .4 and .5 are switched. In this case (common
origins for both block inputs) the execution sequence of both blocks is switched as
well (processed from top to bottom).
In the second network, block positions .7 and .8 are switched. In this case (different
origins for the block inputs) the execution sequence of the blocks is not switched
(processed in the order the block outputs are called).
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Loop Planning
Non-Permitted Loops
Configuring loops exclusively via links is not permitted since it is not possible to
clearly specify the signal flow (the output of one FFB is the input of the next FFB,
and the output of this one is the input of the first).
Non-permitted Loops via Links
Generating Via an Actual Parameter

This type of logic must be resolved using feedback variables so that the signal flow
can be determined.
Feedback variables must be initialized. The initial value is used during the first
execution of the logic. Once they have been executed the initial value is replaced by
the actual value.
Pay attention to the two different types of execution sequences (number in brackets
after the instance name) for the two blocks.
Loop generated with an actual parameter: Type 1
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
12
Overview
This chapter describes the ladder diagram language LD which conforms to
IEC 611311.
Topic
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Page
General Information about the LD Ladder Diagram Language
370
Contacts
373
Coils
374

376
Control Elements
387
Operate Blocks and Compare Blocks
388
Links
390
Text Object
393
Edge Recognition
394
Execution Sequence and Signal Flow
403
Loop Planning
405
407
369
Ladder Diagram (LD)
General Information about the LD Ladder Diagram Language

Introduction
This section describes the Ladder Diagram (LD) according to IEC 61131-3.
The structure of an LD section corresponds to a rung for relay switching.
The left power rail is located on the left-hand side of the LD editor. This left power
rail corresponds to the phase (L ladder) of a rung. With LD programming, in the
same way as in a rung, only the LD objects which are linked to a power supply, that
is to say connected to the left power rail, are "processed". The right power rail
corresponds to the neutral wire. However, all coils and FFB outputs are linked with
it directly or indirectly, and this creates a power flow.
A group of objects which are linked together one below the other, and have no links
to other objects (excluding the power rail), is called a network or a rung.
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Representation of an LD Section
Representation:
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Objects
The objects of the LD programming language help to divide a section into a number
of:
Contacts (see page 373)
Coils (see page 374)
EFs and EFBs (Elementary Functions (see page 376) and Elementary Function
Blocks (see page 377))
DFBs (Derived Function Blocks (see page 378))
Procedures (see page 379)
Control Elements (see page 387) and
Operation and Comparison blocks (see page 388) that represent an extension to
IEC 61131-3
These objects can be connected with each other by means of:
Links (see page 390) or
Actual Parameters (see page 379) (FFBs only).
Comments regarding the section logic can be provided using text objects (see Text
Object, page 393).
Section Size
One LD section consists of a window containing a single page.
This page has a grid that divides the section into rows and columns.
A width of 11-64 columns and 17-2000 lines can be defined for LD sections.
The LD programming language is cell oriented, i.e. only one object can be placed in
each cell.
Processing Sequence
The processing sequence of the individual objects in an LD section is determined by
the data flow within the section. Networks connected to the left power rail are
processed from top to bottom (link to the left power rail). Networks that are
independent of each other within the section are processed according to their
position (from top to bottom) (see also Execution Sequence and Signal Flow,
page 403).
IEC Conformity
For a description of IEC conformity for the LD programming language, see IEC
Conformity (see page 661).
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Contacts
Introduction
A contact is an LD element that transfers a status on the horizontal link to its right
side. This status is the result of a Boolean AND operation on the status of the
horizontal link on the left side with the status of the relevant Boolean actual
parameter.
A contact does not change the value of the relevant actual parameter.
Contacts take up one cell.
The following are permitted as actual parameters:
Boolean variables
Boolean constants
Boolean addresses (topological addresses or symbolic addresses)
ST expression (see page 529) delivering a Boolean result (e.g. VarA OR VarB)
ST expressions as actual parameters for contacts are a supplement to IEC
61131-3 and must be enabled explicitly
Contact Types
The following contacts are available:
Designation
Representation
Description
Normally open
In the case of normally open contacts, the status of the left link is
transferred to the right link if the status of the relevant Boolean
actual parameter (indicated with xxx) is ON. Otherwise, the status
of the right link is OFF.
Normally closed
In the case of normally closed contacts, the status of the left link is
transferred to the right link if the status of the relevant Boolean
actual parameter (indicated with xxx) is OFF. Otherwise, the status
of the right link is OFF.
Contact for detecting

positive transitions
With contacts for detection of positive transitions, the right link for
a program cycle is ON if a transfer of the relevant actual parameter
(labeled by xxx) goes from OFF to ON and the status of the left link
is ON at the same time. Otherwise, the status of the right link is 0.
Also see Edge Recognition, page 394.
Contact for detecting

negative transitions
With contacts for detection of negative transitions, the right link for
a program cycle is ON if a transfer of the relevant actual parameter
(labeled by xxx) goes from ON to OFF and the status of the left link
is ON at the same time. Otherwise, the status of the right link is 0.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Coils
Introduction
A coil is an LD element which transfers the status of the horizontal link on the left
side, unchanged, to the horizontal link on the right side. The status is stored in the
respective Boolean actual parameter.
Normally, coils follow contacts or FFBs, but they can also be followed by contacts.
Coils take up one cell.
The following are permitted as actual parameters:
Boolean variables
Boolean addresses (topological addresses or symbolic addresses)
Coil Types
The following coils are available:
Designation
Representation
Description
Coil
With coils, the status of the left link is transferred to the relevant Boolean
actual parameter (indicated by xxx) and the right link.
negated coil
With negated coils, the status of the left link is copied onto the right link. The
inverted status of the left link is copied to the relevant Boolean actual
parameter (indicated by xxx). If the left link is OFF, then the right link will
also be OFF and the relevant Boolean actual parameter will be ON.
Coil for
detecting
positive
transitions
With coils that detect positive transitions, the status of the left link is copied
onto the right link. The relevant actual parameter of data type EBOOL
(indicated by xxx) is 1 for a program cycle, if a transition of the left link from
0 to 1 is made.
Coil for
detecting
negative
transitions
With coils that detect negative transitions, the status of the left link is copied
onto the right link. The relevant actual Boolean parameter (indicated by xxx)
is 1 for a program cycle, if a transition of the left link from 1 to 0 is made.
Set coil
With set coils, the status of the left link is copied onto the right link. The
relevant Boolean actual parameter (indicated by xxx) is set to ON if the left
link has a status of ON, otherwise it remains unchanged. The relevant
Boolean actual parameter can be reset through the reset coil.
Reset coil
With reset coils, the status of the left link is copied onto the right link. The
relevant Boolean actual parameter (indicated by xxx) is set to OFF if the left
link has a status of ON, otherwise it remains unchanged. The relevant
Boolean actual parameter can be set through the set coil.
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Designation
Representation
Description
Stop coil
With halt coils, if the status of the left link is 1, the program execution is
stopped immediately. (With stop coils the status of the left link is not copied
to the right link.)
Call coil
With call coils, the status of the left link is copied to the right link. If the status
of the left link is ON then the respective sub-program (indicated by xxx) is
called.
The subroutine to be called must be located in the same task as the calling
LD section. Subroutines can also be called from within subroutines.
Subroutines are a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be enabled
explicitly.
In SFC action sections, call coils (subroutine calls) are only allowed when
Multitoken Operation is enabled.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)

Introduction
FFB is the generic term for:
Elementary Function (EF) (see page 376)
Elementary Function Block (EFB) (see page 377)
Derived Function Block (DFB) (see page 378)
Procedure (see page 379)
FFBs occupy 1 to 3 columns (depending on the length of the formal parameter

names) and 2 to 33 lines (depending on the number of formal parameter rows).
Elementary Function
Functions have no internal states. If the input values are the same, the value on the
output is the same every time the function is called. For example, the addition of two
values always gives the same result.
An elementary function is represented graphically as a frame with inputs and one
output. The inputs are always represented on the left and the output is always on the
right of the frame.
The name of the function, i.e. the function type, is displayed in the center of the
frame.
The execution number (see page 403) for the function is shown to the right of the
function type.
The function counter is shown above the frame. The function counter is the
sequential number of the function within the current section. Function counters
cannot be modified.
Elementary Function
With some elementary functions, the number of inputs can be increased.
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Elementary function blocks have internal states. If the input values are the same, the
value on the output can be different each time the function is called. e.g. for a
counter the value on the output is incremented.
An elementary function block is represented graphically as a frame with inputs and
outputs. The inputs are always represented on the left and the outputs always on the
right of the frame. The name of the function block, i.e. the function block type, is
displayed in the center of the frame. The instance name is displayed above the
frame.
Function blocks can have more than one output.
The name of the function block, i.e. the function block type, is displayed in the center
of the frame.
The execution number (see page 403) for the function block is shown to the right of
the function block type.
The instance name is displayed above the frame.
The instance name serves as a unique identification for the function block in a
project.
The instance name is created automatically and has the following structure: TYPE_n
where TYPE is the function block type name: TYPE_n
TYPE = Function block type name
n = sequential number of the function block in the project
NOTE: Prior to Unity Pro V6.0, the instance name was created automatically with
the structure FBI_n, where FBI = Function Block Instance
This automatically generated name can be modified for clarification. The instance
name (max. 32 characters) must be unique throughout the project and is not casesensitive. The instance name must conform to general naming conventions.
NOTE: To conform to IEC61131-3, only letters are permitted as the first character
of the name. If you want to use a numeral as your first character however, this must
be enabled explicitly.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
DFB
ST.
The only difference to elementary function blocks is that the derived function block
is represented as a frame with double vertical lines.
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Procedure
Procedures are functions viewed technically.
The only difference to elementary functions is that procedures can occupy more
than one output and they support data type VAR_IN_OUT.
To the eye, procedures are no different than elementary functions.
Procedure
Parameters
Inputs and outputs are required to transfer values to or from an FFB. These are
Objects are linked to formal parameters; these objects contain the current process
states. They are called actual parameters.
Formal and actual parameters:
At program runtime, the values from the process are transferred to the FFB via the
actual parameters and then output again after processing.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Only one object (actual parameter) of the following types may be linked to FFB
inputs:
Contact
Variable
Address
Literal
ST Expression
ST expressions on FFB inputs are a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be
enabled explicitly.
Link
The following combinations of objects (actual parameters) can be linked to FFB
outputs:
one or more coils
one or more contacts
one variable
a variable and one or more connections (but not for VAR_IN_OUT
an address
an address and one or more connections (but not for VAR_IN_OUT
one or more connections (but not for VAR_IN_OUT (see page 386) outputs)
The data type of the object to be linked must be the same as that of the FFB
input/output. If all actual parameters consist of literals, a suitable data type is
selected for the function block.
Exception: For generic FFB inputs/outputs with data type ANY_BIT, it is possible to
link objects of data type INT or DINT (not UINT and UDINT).
Example:
Allowed:
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Not allowed:

Not all formal parameters have to be assigned an actual parameter. However, this
does not apply in the case of negated pins. These must always be assigned an
actual parameter. This is also the case with some formal parameter types. These
types are shown in the following table.
Table of formal parameter types:
Parameter type
EDT
STRING
ARRAY
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
STRUCT FB
ANY
EFB: Input
DFB: Output
EFB: VAR_IN_OUT +
DFB: Input
DFB: VAR_IN_OUT +
EFB: Output
EF: Input
EF: VAR_IN_OUT
EF: Output
Procedure: Input
Procedure:
VAR_IN_OUT
Procedure: Output
not applicable
FFBs that use actual parameters on the inputs that have not yet received any value
assignment, work with the initial values of these actual parameters.
value (0) is used.
If a formal parameter is not assigned a value and the function block/DFB is
instanced more than once, then the subsequent instances are run with the old value.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Public Variables
In addition to inputs/outputs, some function blocks also provide public variables.
These variables transfer statistical values (values that are not influenced by the
process) to the function block. They are used for setting parameters for the function
block.
The assignment of values to public variables is made using their initial values.
Example:
Private Variables
private variables.
table.
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Programming Notes
FFBs will only be processed when they are directly or indirectly connected to the
left bus bar.
If the FFB will be conditionally executed, the EN input may be pre-linked through
contacts or other FFBs (also see EN and ENO (see page 383)).
Boolean inputs and outputs can be inverted.
Function block/DFB instances can be called multiple times (also see ).Multiple
Function Block Instance Call (see page 383)
Function block/DFB instances can be called more than once; other than instances
from communication EFBs and function blocks/DFBs with an ANY output but no ANY
input: these can only be called once.
processing.
EN and ENO
One EN input and one ENO output can be used in all FFBs.
the FFB are not executed and ENO is set to "0".
the FFB will be executed. After the algorithms have been executed successfully, the
is set to "0".
by the FFB is executed (same as if EN equals to "1"), Please refer to Maintain output
links on disabled EF (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes).
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If ENO is set to "0" (caused by EN=0 or an error during execution):

Function blocks
EN/ENO handling with function blocks that (only) have one link as an output
parameter:

maintains the old status it had during the last correctly executed cycle.
EN/ENO handling with function blocks that have one variable and one link as
output parameters:

maintains the old status it had during the last correctly executed cycle. The
OUT1 variable on the same pin either retains its previous status or can be
Functions/Procedures
As defined in IEC61131-3, the outputs from deactivated functions (EN input set to
"0") are undefined. (The same applies to procedures.)
Here nevertheless an explanation of the output statuses in this case:
EN/ENO handling with function/procedure blocks that (only) have one link as
an output parameter:

For detailed information, please refer to Maintain output links on disabled EF
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EN/ENO handling with function/procedure blocks that have one variable and
one link as output parameters:

For detailed information, please refer to Maintain output links on disabled EF
The OUT1 variable on the same pin either retains its previous status or can be
The output behavior of the FFBs does not depend on whether the FFBs are invoked
without EN/ENO or with EN=1.
NOTE: For disabled function blocks (EN = 0) with an internal time function (e.g.
function block DELAY), time seems to keep running, since it is calculated with the
help of a system clock and is therefore independent of the program cycle and the
release of the block.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
VAR_IN_OUT-Variable
FFBs are often used to read a variable at an input (input variables), to process it and
to output the altered values of the same variable (output variables).
The link between input and output variables is represented by a line in the FFB.
VAR_IN_OUT variable
The following special features are to be noted when using FFBs with VAR_IN_OUT
variables.
Via graphical links only VAR_IN_OUT outputs with VAR_IN_OUT inputs can be
connected.
Only one graphical link can be connected to a VAR_IN_OUT input/output.
A combination of variable/address and graphical connections is not possible for
VAR_IN_OUT outputs.
No literals or constants can be connected to VAR_IN_OUT inputs/outputs.
No negations can be used on VAR_IN_OUT inputs/outputs.
Different variables/variable components can be connected to the VAR_IN_OUT
input and the VAR_IN_OUT output. In this case the value of the variables/variable
component on the input is copied to the at the output variables/variable
component.
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Control Elements
Introduction
Control elements are used for executing jumps within an LD section and for
returning from a subroutine (SRx) or derived function block (DFB) to the main
program.
Control elements take up one cell.
Control Elements
The following control elements are available.
Designation
Representation
Jump
Label
Return
Description
When the status of the left link is 1, a jump is made to a label (in the current
section).
To generate an unconditional jump, the jump object must be placed directly
on the left power rail.
To generate a conditional jump, a jump object is placed at the end of a
series of contacts.
LABEL:
Labels (jump targets) are indicated as text with a colon at the end.
This text is limited to 32 characters and must be unique within the entire
section. The text must conform to general naming conventions.
Jump labels can only be placed in the first cell directly on the power rail.
Note: Jump labels may not "cut through" networks, i.e. an assumed line
from the jump label to the right edge of the section may not be crossed by
any object. This also applies to Boolean links and FFB links.
RETURN objects can not be used in the main program.
In a DFB, a RETURN object forces the return to the program which called
the DFB.
The rest of the DFB section containing the RETURN object is not
executed.
The program which called the DFB will be executed after return from the
DFB.
If the DFB is called by another DFB, the calling DFB will be executed
after return.
In a SR, a RETURN object forces the return to the program which called
the SR.
The rest of the SR containing the RETURN object is not executed.
The program which called the SR will be executed after return from
the SR.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Operate Blocks and Compare Blocks

Introduction
In addition to the objects defined in IEC 61131-3, there are several other blocks for
executing ST instructions (see page 529) and ST expressions (see page 529) and
for simple compare operations. These blocks are only available in the LD
programming language.
Objects
The following objects are available:
Designation
Operate block
Representation
Description
When the status of the left link is 1, the ST instruction in the block
is executed.
All ST instructions (see page 529) are allowed except the
control instructions:
(RETURN,
JUMP,
IF,
CASE,
FOR
etc.)
For operate blocks, the state of the left link is passed to the right
link (regardless of the result of the ST instruction).
A block can contain up to 4096 characters. If not all characters
can be displayed then the beginning of the character sequence
will be followed by suspension points (...).
An operate block takes up 1 line and 4 columns.
Example:
In the example, Instruction1 is executed if In1=1.

Instruction2 is executed if In1=1 and In2=1 (the result of
Instruction1 has no meaning for the execution of
Instruction2). Out1 becomes 1 if In1=1 and In2=1 (the
results of Instruction1 and Instruction2 have no
meaning for the status of Out1).
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Designation
Horizontal
Matching Block
Representation
Description
Horizontal compare blocks used to execute a compare
expression (<, >, <=, >=, =, <>) in the ST programming
language. (Note: The same functionality is also possible using
ST expressions (see page 529).)
A compare block performs an AND of its left In-pin and the result
of its compare condition and assigns the result of this AND
unconditionally to its right Out-pin.
For example, if the state of the left link is 1 and the result of the
comparison is 1, the state of the right link is 1.
A horizontal matching block can contain up to 4096 characters.
If not all characters can be displayed then the beginning of the
character sequence will be followed by suspension points (...).
A horizontal matching block takes up 1 line and 2 columns.
Example:
In the example, Compare1 is executed if In1=1. Compare2 is

executed if In1=1 , In2=1 a the result of Compare1=1. Out1
becomes 1 if In1=1, In2=1, the result of Compare1=1 and the
result of Compare2=1.
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Links
Description
Links are connections between LD objects (contacts, coils and FFBs etc.).
There are 2 different types of links:
Boolean Links
Boolean links consist of one or more segments linking Boolean objects (contacts,
coils) with one another.
There are different types of Boolean links as well:
Horizontal Boolean Links
Horizontal Boolean links enable sequential contacts and coil switching.
Vertical Boolean Links
Vertical Boolean links enable parallel contacts and coil switching.
FFB Links
FFB connections are a combination of horizontal and vertical segments that
connect FFB inputs/outputs with other objects.
Connections:
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General Programming Notes

Attention should be paid to the following general programming notes:
The data types of the inputs/outputs to be linked must be the same.
Links between parameters with variable lengths (e.g. ANY_ARRAY_INT) are not
allowed.
Several links can be connected with one output (right-hand side of one contact,
one coil or one FFB output). However, only one link can be connected with an
input (left-hand side of one contact, one coil or one FFB output).
Unconnected contacts, coils and FFB inputs are specified as "0" by default.
case cannot be clearly determined in the section. Loops must be created using
actual parameters (see Non-Permitted Loops, page 405).
Notes on Programming Boolean Links
Notes on Programming Boolean Links:
Overlapping Boolean links with other objects is not permitted.
The signal flow (power flow) is from left to right for Boolean links. Therefore,
backwards links are not allowed.
If two Boolean links are crossed, the links are connected automatically. Since
crossing Boolean links is not possible, links are not indicated in any special way.
Notes on Programming FFB Links

Notes on Programming FFB Links:
At least one side of an FFB link must be connected with an FFB input or output.
To differentiate them from Boolean links, FFB links are shown with a doubly thick
line.
The signal flow (power flow) in FFB links is from the FFB output to the FFB input,
no matter which direction they are made in. Therefore, backwards links are
allowed.
Only FFB inputs and FFB outputs may be linked to one-another. Linking more
than one FFB outputs together is not possible. That means that no OR
connection is possible in LD using FFB links.
Overlapping FFB links with other objects is permitted.
Crossing FFB links is also permitted. Crossed links are indicated by a "broken"
link.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Connection points between more FFB links are shown with a filled circle.
To avoid links crossing each other, FFB links can also be represented in the form
of connectors.
The source and target for the FFB connection are labeled with a name that is
unique within the section.
The connector name has the following structure depending on the type of source
object for the connection:
For functions: "Function counter/formal parameter" for the source of the
connection
For function blocks: "Instance name/formal parameter" for the source of the
connection
For contacts: "OUT1_sequential number"
Vertical Links
The "Vertical Link" is special. The vertical link serves as a logical OR. With this form
of the OR link, 32 inputs (contacts) and 64 outputs (coils, links) are possible.
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Text Object
Introduction
Text can be positioned as text objects in the Ladder Diagram (LD). The size of these
text objects depends on the length of the text. The size of the object, depending on
the size of the text, can be extended vertically and horizontally to fill further grid
units. Text objects may overlap with other objects.
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Edge Recognition
Introduction
During the edge recognition, a bit is monitored during a transition from 0 -> 1
(positive edge) or from 1 -> 0 (negative edge).
For this, the value of the bit in the previous cycle is compared to the value of the bit
in the current cycle. In this case, not only the current value, but also the old value,
are needed.
Instead of a bit, 2 bits are therefore needed for edge recognition (current value and
old value).
Because the data type BOOL only offers one single bit (current value), there is
another data type for edge recognition, EBOOL (expanded BOOL). In addition to edge
recognition, the data type EBOOL provides an option for forcing. It must also be
saved whether forcing the bit is enabled or not.
The data type EBOOL saves the following data:
the current value of the bit in Value bit
the old value of the bit in History bit
(the content of the value bit is copied to the History bit at the beginning of each
cycle)
Information whether forcing of the bit is enabled in Force-Bit
(0 = Forcing disabled, 1 = Forcing enabled)
Restrictions for EBOOL
CAUTION
To perform a good edge detection the %M must be updated at each task cycle.
When performing a unique writing, the edge will be infinite.
Using an EBOOL variable for contacts to recognize positive (P) or negative (N) edges
or with an EF called RE or FE, you have to adhere to the restrictions described
below.
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EBOOL with %M not written inside program

An EBOOL variable with a %M address, which is not written inside your program but
directly, for example by an animation table, an operator screen or an HMI, will not
work in the expected way. The edge is TRUE infinitely because the %M is only written
one time.
NOTE: To avoid this issue the %M has to be written at the end of the task to update
the old value information.
The old value is only updated, when the %M bit is written, so if you write the bit only
one time, the edge detection will be infinite.
Old Value
Current Value
Edge Detect
Description
state 0 (before writing the bit)
Write 1 in the bit (e.g. by animation

table).
If you do not write again, the edge

remains infinitely.
Write 1 again in the bit, the old value

is updated and the edge detection is
set to 0.
EBOOL with %M written inside program

For an EBOOL variable with a %M address, which is written inside your program, you
have to adhere to the restrictions described below:
Do not use the bit with a SET or RESET coil. In this case the old value is not
updated. So you can perform an infinite edge.
Do not write the bit conditionally. A simple logic as
IF NOT %M1 THEN %M1 := TRUE; END_IF leads to an infinite edge,
because it is written only one time.
EBOOL with %I
For an EBOOL variable with a %I address you have to adhere to the restriction
described below:
When using multitasking the test of %I edge must be performed in the task where
it is updated. The use of the edge detection of a %I scheduled in a task of higher
priority must be avoided.
Example: If you have a fast task, which updates a %I, do not use a edge detection
in the mast task. Depending on the scheduling you can detect the edge or not.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Recognizing Positive Edges

A contact to recognize positive edges is used to recognize positive edges. With this
contact, the right connection for a program cycle is 1 when the transition of the
associated actual parameter (A) is from 0 to 1 and, at the same time, the status of
the left connection is 1. Otherwise, the status of the right link is 0.
In the example, a positive edge of the variable A is supposed to be recognize and B
should therefore be set for a cycle.
Anytime the value bit of A equals 1 and the history bit equals 0, B is set to 1 for a
cycle (cycle 1, 4, and 9).
Recognizing Negative Edges

A contact to recognize negative edges is used to recognize negative edges. With
this contact, the right connection for a program cycle is 1 when the transition of the
associated actual parameter (A) is from 1 to 0 and, at the same time, the status of
the left connection is 1. Otherwise, the status of the right link is 0.
In the example, a negative edge of the variable A is supposed to be recognize and
B should therefore be set for a cycle.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Anytime the value bit of A equals 0 and the history bit equals 1, B is set to 1 for a
cycle (cycle 2 and 8).
Forcing Bits
When forcing bits, the value of the variable determined by the logic will be
overwritten by the force value.
In the example, a negative edge of the variable A is supposed to be recognized and
B should therefore be set for a cycle.
Anytime the value bit or force bit of A equals 0 and the history bit equals 1, B is set
to 1 for a cycle (cycle 1 and 8).
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Using BOOL and EBOOL Variables

Edge recognition behavior using BOOL or EBOOL variables types can be different:
When using a BOOL variable, the system manages the history by allowing edge
detection during the contact execution.
When using an EBOOL variable, the history bit is updated during the coil
execution.
The following examples show the different behavior depending on the variable type.
Variable A is define as BOOL, whenever A is set to 1, %MW1 is incremented by 1.
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Variable B is defined as EBOOL, the behavior is different when compared with

variable A. While B is set to 1, %MW2 is incremented by 1 because the history bit is
not updated.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Variable C is defined as EBOOL, the behavior is identical than variable A. The history
bit is updated.
Forcing of Coils Can Cause the Loss of Edge Recognition

Forcing of coils can cause the loss of edge recognition.
In the example, when A equals 1, B should equal 1, and with a rising edge from A,
the coil B will be set for a cycle.
In this example, the variable B is first assigned to the coil, and then to the link to
recognize positive edges.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
At the beginning of the second cycle, the value bit of B equals 0. When forcing B
within this cycle, the force bit and value bit are set to 1. While processing the first
line of the logic in the third cycle, the history bit of the coil (B) will also be set to 1.
Problem:
During edge recognition (comparison of the value bit and the history bit) in the
second line of the logic, no edge is recognized, because due to the updating, the
value bit and history bit on line 1 of B are always identical.
Solution:
In this example, the variable B is first assigned to the link to recognize positive edges
and then the coil.
At the beginning of the second cycle, the value bit of B equals 0. When forcing B
within this cycle, the force bit and value bit are set to 1. While processing the first
line of the logic in the third cycle, the history bit of the link (B) will remain set to 0.
Edge recognition recognizes the difference between value bits and history bit and
sets the coil (C) to 1 for one cycle.
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Using Set Coil or Reset Coil Can Cause the Loss of Edge Recognition
Using set coil or reset coil can cause the loss of edge recognition with EBOOL
variables.
The variable above the set/reset coil (variable C in the example) is always affected
by the value of the left link.
If the left link is 1, the value bit (variable C in the example) is copied to the history bit
and the value bit is set to 1.
If the left link is 0, the value bit (variable C in the example) is copied to the history bit,
but the value bit is not changed.
This means that whatever value the left link has before the set or reset coil, the
history bit is always updated.
In the example, a positive edge of the variable C should be recognized and set D for
a cycle.
Code
line
Behavior in LD
Corresponds to in ST
Original situation: C = 0, History bit = 0
IF A AND B
THEN C := 1;
ELSE C := C;
END_IF;
A = 1,
B = 1,
C = 1, History bit = 0
IF NOT(A) AND NOT(B)
THEN C := 0;
ELSE C := C;
END_IF;
A = 1,
B = 1,
C = 1, History = 1
-
C = 1, History = 1
D = 0, as the value bit and history bit of C are
identical.
The rising edge of C, shown in code line 1, is not
recognized by the code in line 2, as this forces the
history bit to be updated.
(If the condition is FALSE, the present value of C is
again assigned to C, see ELSE statement in code
line 2 in ST example.)
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Execution Sequence and Signal Flow

Execution Sequence of Networks
The following rules apply to network execution sequences:
Executing a section is completed network by network based on the object links
from above and below.
case cannot be clearly determined. Loops must be created using actual
parameters (see Loop Planning, page 405).
The execution sequence of networks which are only linked by the left power rail,
is determined by the graphical sequence (from top to bottom) in which these are
connected to the left power rail. This does not apply if the sequence is influenced
by control elements.
Processing on a network is ended completely before the processing begins on
another network.
No element of a network is deemed to be processed until the status of all inputs
of this element have been processed.
Processing on a network is only ended if all outputs on this network have been
processed. This also applies if the network contains one or more control
elements.
Signal Flow within a Network
For signal flow within a network (rungs), the following rules apply:
The signal flow for Boolean links is:
left to right with horizontal Boolean links and
from top to bottom with vertical Boolean links.
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The signal flow with FFB links is from the FFB output to the FFB input, regardless
of which direction they are made in.
An FFB is only processed if all elements (FFB outputs etc.) to which its inputs are
linked are processed.
The execution sequence of FFBs that are linked with various outputs of the same
FFB runs from top to bottom.
The execution sequence of objects is not influenced by their positions within the
network.
The execution sequence for FFBs is represented as execution number by the
FFB.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Priorities
Priorities when defining the signal flow within a section:
Priority
Rule
Description
Link
Links have the highest priorities in defining the signal flow

within an LD section.
Network by
Network
Processing on a network is ended completely before the

processing begins on another network.
Output sequence
Outputs of the same function block or outputs to vertical

links are processed from top to bottom.
Rung by Rung
Lowest priority. The execution sequence of networks which

are only linked by the left power rail, is determined by the
graphical sequence (from top to bottom) in which these are
connected to the left power rail. (Only applies if none of the
other rules apply).
Example
Example of the execution sequence of objects in an LD section:
NOTE: The execution numbers for contacts and coils is not shown. They are only
shown in the graphic to provide a better overview.
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Loop Planning
Non-Permitted Loops
Creating loops using links alone is not permitted because it is not possible to clearly
define the signal flow (the output of one FFB is the input of the next FFB, and the
output of this one is the input of the first again).
Non-permitted loops via links:
Generating Via an Actual Parameter

This type of logic must be generated using feedback variables so that the signal flow
can be determined.
Feedback variables must be initialized. The initial value is used during the first
execution of the logic. Once they have been executed the initial value is replaced by
the actual value.
Pay attention to the two different types of execution sequences (number in brackets
after the instance name) for the two blocks.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
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Introduction
The order of execution in networks and the execution order of objects within a
network are defined by a number of rules (see page 403).
In some cases the execution order suggested by the system should be changed.
follows:
Using Links Instead of Actual Parameters
Network Positions
follows:
Positioning of Objects
Original Situation
The following representation shows two networks for which the execution
sequences are only defined by their position within the section, without taking into
account that block 0.4/0.5 and 0.7/0.8 require another execution sequence.
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Link Instead of Actual Parameter

By using a link instead of a variable the two networks are run in the proper sequence
(see also Original Situation, page 407).
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Network Positions
The correct execution sequence can be achieved by changing the position of the
networks in the section (see also Original Situation, page 407).
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Ladder Diagram (LD)
Positioning of Objects
The position of objects can only have an influence on the execution order if several
inputs (left link of Contacts/Coils, FFB inputs) are linked with the same output of the
object "to be called" (right link of Contacts/Coils, FFB outputs) (see also Original
Situation, page 407).
Original situation:
In the first network, block positions 0.1 and 0.2 are switched. In this case (common
origins for both block inputs) the execution sequence of both blocks is switched as
well (processed from top to bottom). The same applies when switching coils C and
D in the second network.
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In the third network, block positions 0.4 and 0.5 are switched. In this case (different
origins for the block inputs) the execution sequence of the blocks is not switched
(processed in the sequence that the block outputs are called in). The same applies
when switching coils G and H in the last network.
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Unity Pro
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13
Overview
This chapter describes the SFC sequence language which conforms to IEC 611311.
Section
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Topic
Page
13.1
414
13.2
Steps and Macro Steps
420
13.3
Actions and Action Sections
428
13.4
Transitions and Transition Sections
435
13.5
Jump
440
13.6
Link
441
13.7
Branches and Merges
442
13.8
Text Objects
447
13.9
Single-Token
448
13.10
Multi-Token
459
413
13.1
General Information about SFC Sequence

Language
Overview
This section contains a general overview of the SFC sequence language.
Topic
414
Page
415
Link Rules
419
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Introduction
The sequence language SFC (Sequential Function Chart), which conforms to
IEC 61131-3, is described in this section.
Structure of a Sequence Controller
IEC conforming sequential control is created in Unity Pro from SFC sections (top
level), transition sections and action sections.
These SFC sections are only allowed in the Master Task of the project. SFC
sections cannot be used in other tasks or DFBs.
In Single Token, each SFC section contains exactly one SFC network (sequence).
In Multi-Token, an SFC section can contain one or more independent SFC networks.
Objects
An SFC section provides the following objects for creating a program:
Step (see page 421)
Macro Step (embedded sub-step) (see page 424)
Transition (transition condition) (see page 436)
Jump (see page 440)
Link (see page 441)
Alternative branch (see page 443)
Alternative junction (see page 443)
Parallel branch (see page 445)
Parallel junction (see page 445)
Comments regarding the section logic can be provided using text objects (related
topics Text Object, page 447).
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Representation of an SFC Section

Appearance:
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Structure of an SFC Section

An SFC section is a "Status Machine", i.e. the status is created by the active step
and the transitions pass on the switch/change behavior. Steps and transitions are
linked to one another through directional links. Two steps can never be directly
linked and must always be separated by a transition. The active signal status
processes take place along the directional links and are triggered by switching a
transition. The direction of the chain process follows the directional links and runs
from the end of the preceding step to the top of the next step. Branches are
processed from left to right.
Every step has zero or more actions. A transition condition is necessary for every
transition.
The last transition in the chain is always connected to another step in the chain (via
a graphic link or jump symbol) to create a closed loop. Step chains are therefore
processed cyclically.
SFCCHART_STATE Variable
When an SFC section is created, it is automatically assigned a variable of data type
SFCCHART_STATE. The variable that is created always has the name of the
respective SFC section.
This variable is used to assign the SFC control blocks to the SFC section to be
controlled.
Token Rule
The behavior of an SFC network is greatly affected by the number of tokens
selected, i.e. the number of active steps.
Explicit behavior is possible by using one token (single token). (Parallel branches
each with an active token [step] per branch as a single token). This corresponds to
a step chain as defined in IEC 61131-3).
A step chain with a number of maximum active steps (Multi Token) defined by the
user increases the degree of freedom. This reduces/eliminates the restrictions for
enforcing unambiguousness and non-blocking and must be guaranteed by the user.
Step chains with Multi Token do not conform to IEC 61131-3.
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Section Size
An SFC section consists of a single-page window.

Because of performance reasons, it is strongly recommended to create less than
100 SFC sections in a project (makro section are not counted).
The window has a logical grid of 200 lines and 32 columns.
Steps, transitions and jumps each require a cell.
Branches and links do not require their own cells, they are inserted in the
respective step or transition cell.
A maximum of 1024 steps can be placed per SFC section (including all their
macro sections).
A maximum of 100 steps can be active (Multi Token) per SFC section (including
all their macro sections) .
A maximum of 64 steps can be set manually at the same time per SFC section
(Multi Token).
A maximum of 20 actions can be assigned to each SFC step.
The nesting depth of macros, i.e. macro steps within macro steps, is to 8 levels.
IEC Conformity
For a description of the extent to which the SFC programming language conforms
to IEC, see IEC Conformity (see page 661).
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Link Rules
Link Rules
The table indicates which object outputs can be linked with which object inputs.
From object output of
To object input of
Step
Transition
Alternative Branch
Parallel joint
Transition
Step
Jump
Parallel Branch
Alternative joint
Alternative Branch
Transition
Alternative joint
Step
Jump
Parallel Branch
Alternative joint
Parallel Branch
Step
Jump
Alternative joint (only with Multi-Token
(see page 459))
Parallel joint
Transition
Alternative branch (only with Multitoken
(see page 459))
Alternative joint
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13.2
Steps and Macro Steps
Overview
This section describes the step and macro step objects of the SFC sequence
language.
Topic
420
Page
Step
421
Macro Steps and Macro Sections
424
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Step
Step Types
The following types of steps exist:
Type
Representation
Description
"Normal" Step
A step becomes active when the previous step becomes inactive (a delay
that may be defined must pass) and the upstream transition is satisfied. A
step normally becomes inactive when a delay that may be defined passes
and the downstream transition is satisfied. For a parallel joint, all previous
steps must satisfy these conditions.
Zero or more actions belong to every step. Steps without action are known
as waiting steps.
Initial step
The initial status of a sequence string is characterized by the initial step.

After initializing the project or initializing the sequence string, the initial step
is active.
Initial steps are not normally assigned with any actions.
With Single-Token (Conforming with IEC 61131-3) only one initial step is
allowed per sequence.
With Multi-Token, a definable number (0 to 100) of initial steps are possible.
Macro Step
See Macro Step, page 424
Input step
see Input Step, page 424
Output step
see Output Step, page 425
Step Names
When creating a step, it is assigned with a suggested number. The suggested
number is structured as follows S_i_j, whereas i is the (internal) current number
of the section and j is the (internal) current step number in the current section.
You can change the suggested numbers to give you a better overview. Step names
(maximum 32 characters) must be unique over the entire project, i.e. no other step,
variable or section etc. may exist with the same name. There are no case
distinctions. The step name must correspond with the standardized name
conventions.
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Step Times
Each step can be assigned a minimum supervision time, a maximum supervision
time and a delay time:
Minimum Supervision Time
The minimum supervision time sets the minimum time for which the step should
normally be active. If the step becomes inactive before this time has elapsed, an
error message is generated. In animation mode, the error is additionally identified
by a colored outline (yellow) around the step object.
If no minimum supervision time or a minimum supervision time of 0 is entered,
step supervision is not carried out.
The error status remains the same until the step becomes active again.
Maximum Supervision Time
The maximum supervision time specifies the maximum time in which the step
should normally be active. If the step is still active after this time has elapsed, an
error message is generated. In animation mode, the error is additionally identified
by a colored outline (pink) around the step object.
If no maximum supervision time or a maximum supervision time of 0 is entered,
step supervision is not carried out.
The error status remains the same until the step becomes inactive.
Delay Time
The delay time (step dwell time) sets the minimum time for which the step must
be active.
NOTE: The defined times apply for the step only, not for the allocated actions.
Individual times can be defined for these.
Setting the Step Times
The following formula is to be used for defining/determining these times:
Delay time< minimum supervision time< maximum supervision time
There are 2 ways to assign the defined values to a step:
As a duration literal
Use of the data structure SFCSTEP_TIMES
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SFCSTEP_TIMES Variable
Every step can be implicitly allocated a variable of data type SFCSTEP_TIMES. The
elements for this data structure can be read from and written to (read/write).
The data structure is handled the same as any other data structure, i.e. they can be
used in variable declarations and therefore accessing the entire data structure (e.g.
as FFB parameter) is possible.
Structure of the Data Structure:
Element Name
Data type
Description
"VarName".delay
TIME
Delay Time
"VarName".min
TIME
Minimum Supervision Time
"VarName".max
TIME
Maximum Supervision Time
SFCSTEP_STATE Variable
Every step is implicitly allocated a variable of data type SFCSTEP_STATE. This step
variable has the name of the allocated step. The elements for this data structure can
only be read (read only).
You can see the SFCSTEP_STATE variables in the Data Editor. The Comment for
a SFCSTEP_STATE variable is the comment entered as a property of the step itself.
Please refer to "Defining the properties of steps" (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes)
in the Unity Pro Operating Modes Manual.
The data structure cannot be used in variable declarations. Therefore, accessing the
entire data structure (e.g. as FFB parameter) is not possible.
Structure of the Data Structure:
Element Name
Data type
Description
"StepName".t
TIME
Current dwell time in the step. If the step is deactivated, the value of
this element is retained until the step is activated again.
"StepName".x
BOOL
1: Step active
0: Step inactive
"StepName".tminErr
BOOL
This element is a supplement to IEC 61131-3.

1: Underflow of minimum supervision time
0: No underflow of minimum supervision time
The element is automatically reset in the following cases:
If the step is activated again
If the sequence control is reset
If the command button Reset Time Error is activated
"StepName".tmaxErr
BOOL
This element is a supplement to IEC 61131-3.

1: Overflow of maximum supervision time
0: No overflow of maximum supervision time
The element is automatically reset in the following cases:
If the step is exited
If the sequence control is reset
If the command button Reset Time Error is activated
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Macro Steps and Macro Sections

Macro Step
Macro steps are used for calling macro sections and thus for hierarchical structuring
of sequential controls.
Representation of a Macro Step:
Macro steps have the following properties:

Macro steps can be positioned in "Sequence Control" sections and in macro
sections.
The number of macro steps is unlimited.
The nesting depth, i.e. macro steps within macro steps is to 8 levels.
Each macro step is implicitly allocated a variable of data type SFCSTEP_STATE,
see SFCSTEP_STATE Variable, page 423.
Macro steps can be allocated a variable of data type SFCSTEP_TIMES, see
SFCSTEP_TIMES Variable, page 423.
Macro steps can NOT be allocated with actions.
Each macro step can be replaced with the sequence string in the allocated macro
section.
Macro steps are a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be enabled explicitly.
Input Step
Every macro section begins with an input step.
Representation of an input step:
Input steps have the following properties:

Input steps are automatically placed in macro sections by the SFC editor.
Only 1 individual input step is placed for each macro section.
An input step cannot be deleted, copied or inserted manually.
Each input step is implicitly allocated a variable of data type SFCSTEP_STATE,
see SFCSTEP_STATE Variable, page 423.
Input steps can be allocated a variable of data type SFCSTEP_TIMES, see
SFCSTEP_TIMES Variable, page 423.
Input steps can be allocated actions.
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Output Step
Every macro section ends with an output step.
Representation of an output step:
Output steps have the following properties:

Output steps are automatically placed in macro sections by the SFC editor.
Only 1 individual output step is placed for each macro section.
An output step cannot be deleted, copied or inserted manually.
Output steps can NOT be allocated with actions.
Output steps can only be assigned a delay time. Assigning supervision times is
not possible, see Step Times, page 422.
Macro Section
A macro section consists of a single sequence string having principally the same
elements as a "sequence control" section (e.g. steps, initial step[s], macro steps,
transitions, branches, joints, etc.).
Additionally, each macro section contains an input step at the beginning and an
output step at the end.
Each macro step can be replaced with the sequence string in the allocated macro
section.
Therefore, macro sections can contain 0, 1 or more initial steps, see also Step
Types, page 421.
Single-Token
0 Initial steps
are used in macro sections, if there is already an initial step in the higher or
lower section.
1 Initial step
is used in macro sections, if there are no initial steps in the higher or lower
section.
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Multi-Token
A maximum of 100 initial steps can be placed per section (including all their
macro sections).
425
Using macro sections:
The name of the macro section is identical to the name of the macro step that it is
called from. If the name of the macro step is changed then the name of the
respective macro section is changed automatically.
A macro section can only be used once.
Macro Step Processing
Macro Step Processing:
Phase
426
Description
A macro step is activated if the previous transition condition is TRUE.

At the same time, the input step in the macro section is activated.
The sequence string of the macro section is processed.

The macro step remains active as long as at least one step in the macro section
is active.
If the output step of the macro section is active then the transitions following the
macro step are enabled.
The macro step becomes inactive when the output step is activated which
causes the following transition conditions to be enabled and the transition
condition to be TRUE. At the same time, the output step in the macro section is
activated.
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Step Names
When creating a step, it is assigned with a suggested number.
Meanings of the Suggested Numbers:
Step Type
Suggested Number Description
Macro Step
MS_i_j
MS = Macro Step
i = (internal) current (sequential) number of the current section
j = (internal) current (sequential) macro step number of the current
section
Input step
MS_k_l_IN
MS = Macro Step
k = (internal) current (sequential) number of the calling section
l = (internal) current (sequential) macro step number of the calling
section
IN = Input Step
Output step
MS_k_l_OUT
MS = Macro Step
l = (internal) current (sequential) macro step number of the calling
section
OUT = Output Step
"Normal" Step
(within a macro
section)
S_k_m
S = Step
m = (internal) current (sequential) step number of the calling section
You can change the suggested numbers to give you a better overview. Step names
(maximum 28 characters for macro step names, maximum 32 characters for step
names) must be unique within the entire project, i.e. no other step, variable or
section (with the exception of the name of the macro section assigned to the macro
step) etc. may exist with the same name. There are no case distinctions. The step
name must correspond with the standardized name conventions.
If the name of the macro step is changed then the name of the respective macro
section and the steps within it are changed automatically.
For example If MS_1_1 is renamed to MyStep then the step names in the macro
section are renamed to MyStep_IN, MyStep_1, ..., MyStep_n, MyStep_OUT.
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13.3
Actions and Action Sections
Overview
This section describes the actions and action sections of the SFC sequence
language.
Topic
428
Page
Action
429
Action Section
431
Qualifier
432
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Action
Introduction
Actions have the following properties:
An action can be a Boolean variable (action variable (see page 429)) or a section
(action section (see page 431)) of programming language FBD, LD, IL or ST.
A step can be assigned none or several actions. A step which is assigned no
action has a waiting function, i.e. it waits until the assigned transition is
completed.
If more than one action is assigned to a step they are processed in the sequence
in which they are positioned in the action list field.
Exception: Independent of their position in the action list field, actions with the
qualifier (see page 432) P1 are always processed first and actions with the
qualifier P0 are processed last.
The control of actions is expressed through the use of qualifiers (see page 432).
A maximum of 20 actions can be assigned to each step.
The action variable that is assigned to an action can also be used in actions from
other steps.
The action variable can also be used for reading or writing in any other section of
the project (multiple assignment).
Actions that are assigned an qualifier with duration can only be activated one
time.
Only Boolean variables/addresses or Boolean elements of multi-element
variables are allowed as action variables.
Actions have unique names.
The name of the action is either the name of the action variable or the name of
the action section.
Action Variable
The following are authorized as action variables:
Address of data type BOOL
An action can be assigned to a hardware output using an address. In this case,
the action can be used as enable signal for a transition, as input signal in another
section and as output signal for the hardware.
Simple variable or element of a multi-element variable of data type BOOL
The action can be used as an input signal with assistance from a variable in
another section.
Unlocated Variable
With unlocated variables, the action can be used as enable signal for a
transition and as input signal in another section.
Located Variable
With located variables the action can be used as an enabling signal for a
transition, as an input signal in another section and as an output signal for the
hardware.
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Action Names
If an address or a variable is used as an action then that name (e.g. %Q10.4,
Variable1) is used as the action name.
If an action section is used as an action then the section name is used as the action
name.
Action names (maximum 32 characters) must be unique over the entire project, i.e.
no other transition, variable or section etc. may exist with the same name. There are
no case distinctions. The action name must correspond with the standardized name
conventions.
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Action Section
Introduction
An action section can be created for every action. This is a section which contains
the logic of the action and it is automatically linked with the action.
Name of the Action Section
The name of the action section is always identical to the assigned action, see Action
Names, page 430.
FBD, LD, IL and ST are possible as programming languages for action sections.
Properties of Action Sections
Action sections have the following properties:
Action sections can have any amount of outputs.
Subroutine calls are only possible in action sections when Multitoken operation is
enabled.
Note: The called subroutines are not affected by the controller of the sequence
string, i.e.
the qualifier assigned to the called action section does not affect the
subroutine
the subroutine also remains active when the called step is deactivated
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No diagnosis functions, diagnosis function blocks or diagnosis procedures may

be used in action sections.
Action sections can have any amount of networks.
Action sections belong to the SFC section in which they were defined and can be
assigned any number of actions within this SFC section (including all of their
macro sections).
Action sections which are assigned an qualifier with duration, can only be
activated one time.
Action sections belong to the SFC section that they were defined in. If the
respective SFC section is deleted then all action sections of this SFC section are
also deleted automatically.
Action sections can be called exclusively from actions.
431
Qualifier
Introduction
Each action that is linked to a step must have a qualifier which defines the control
for that action.
Available Qualifiers
The following qualifiers are available:
Qualifier
Meaning
Description
N / None
Not Stored
If the step is active then action is 1 and if the step is inactive the action is 0.
Overriding
reset
The action, which is set in another step with the qualifier S, is reset. The activation of
any action can also be prevented.
Note: Qualifiers are automatically declared as unbuffered. This means that the value
is reset to 0 after stop and cold restart, e.g. when voltage is on/off. Should a buffered
output be required, please use the RS or SR function block from the standard block
library.
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Qualifier
Meaning
Description
Set (saved)
The set action remains active, even when the associated step becomes inactive. The
action only becomes inactive, when it is reset in another step of the current SFC
section, using the qualifier R.
Note: If an action variable is modified outside of the current SFC section, it may no
longer reflect the actions activation state.
Time limited
If the step is active, the action is also active. After the process of the time duration,
defined manually for the action, the action returns to 0, even if the step is still active.
The action also becomes 0 if the step is inactive.
Note: For this qualifier, an additional duration of data type TIME must be defined.
Delayed
If the step is active, the internal timer is started and the action becomes 1 after the
process of the time duration, which was defined manually for the action. If the step
becomes inactive after that, the action becomes inactive as well. If the step becomes
inactive before the internal time has elapsed then the action does not become active.
Pulse
If the step becomes active, the action becomes 1 and this remains for one program
cycle, independent of whether or not the step remains active.
Note: A maximum of 100 actions are permitted using the S qualifier per SFC Section.
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Qualifier
Meaning
Description
DS
Delayed and
saved
If the step becomes active, the internal timer is started and the action becomes active
after the process of the manually defined time duration. The action first becomes
inactive again when qualifier R is used for a reset in another step. If the step becomes
inactive before the internal time has elapsed then the action does not become active.
P1
Pulse (rising
edge)
If the step becomes active (0->1-edge), the action becomes 1 and this remains for
one program cycle, independent of whether or not the step remains active.
Note: Independent of their position in the action list field, actions with the qualifier P1
are always processed first. More information can be found in the Action
(see page 429) of the SFC sequence language.
P0
Pulse (falling
edge)
If the step becomes inactive (1->0-edge), the action becomes 1 and this remains for
one program cycle.
Note: Independent of their position in the action list field, actions with the qualifier P0
are always processed last. More information can be found in the Action
(see page 429) of the SFC sequence language.
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13.4
Transitions and Transition Sections
Overview
This section describes the transition objects and transition sections of the SFC
sequence language.
Topic
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Transition
436
Transition Section
438
435
Transition
Introduction
A transition provides the condition through which the checks of one or more pretransition steps pass on one or more consecutive steps along the corresponding
link.
Transition Condition
Every transition is allocated with a transition condition of data type BOOL.
The following are authorized as transaction conditions:
an address (input or output)
a variable (input or output)
a Literal or
a Transition Section (see page 438)
The type of transition condition determines the position of the name.

Transition Condition
Position of the Name
Address
Variable
Literal
Transition Section
Transition Name
If an address or a variable is used as a transition condition then the transition name
is defined with that name (e.g. %I10.4, Variable1).
If a transition section is used as a transition condition then the section name is used
as the transition name.
Transition names (maximum 32 characters) must be unique over the entire project,
i.e. no other transition, variable or section (with the exception of the assigned
transition section) etc., may exist with the same name. There are no case
distinctions. The transition name must correspond with the standardized name
conventions.
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Enabling a Transition
A transition is enabled if the steps immediately preceding it are active. Transitions
whose immediately preceding steps are not active are not normally analyzed.
NOTE: If no transition condition is defined, the transition will never be active.
Triggering a Transition
A transition is triggered when the transition is enabled and the associated transition
conditions are satisfied.
Triggering a transition leads to the disabling (resetting) of all immediately preceding
steps that are linked to the transition, followed by the activation of all immediately
following steps.
Trigger Time for a Transition
The transition trigger time (switching time) can theoretically be as short as possible,
but can never be zero. The transition trigger time lasts at least the duration of a
program cycle.
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Transition Section
Introduction
For every transition, a transition section can be created. This is a section containing
the logic of the transition condition and it is automatically linked with the transition.
Name of Transition Section
The name of the transition section is always identical to the assigned transition, see
Transition Name, page 436.
FBD, LD, IL and ST are possible as programming languages for transition sections.
Suggested Networks for Transition Section:
Language Suggested Network
Description
FBD
The suggested network contains an AND block with 2 inputs for

which the output is linked with a variable having the name of the
transition section.
The suggested block can either be linked or it can be deleted if
desired.
LD
The suggested network contains a coil which is linked with a

variable having the name of the transition section.
The suggested coil can either be linked or it can be deleted if
desired.
IL
438
The suggested network is empty.

The content may only be created of Boolean logic. The
assignment of the logic result on the output (the transition
variable) is done automatically, i.e. the memory assignment ST
is not allowed.
Example:
LD A
AND B
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Language Suggested Network
Description
ST
The suggested network is empty.

The content may only be created of Boolean logic in the form of
a (nested) expression. The assignment of the logic result on the
output (the transition variable) is done automatically, i.e. the
instruction assignment := is not allowed. The expression is not
terminated by a semicolon (;).
Example:
A AND B
or
A AND (WORD_TO_BOOL (B))
Properties of Transition Sections

Transition sections have the following properties:
Transition sections only have one single output (transition variable), whose data
type is BOOL. The name of these variables are identical to the names of the
transition sections.
The transition variable can only be used once in written form.
The transition variable can be read in any position within the project.
Only functions can be used, function blocks or procedures cannot.
Only one coil may be used in LD.
There is only one network, i.e. all functions used are linked with each other either
directly or indirectly.
Transition sections can only be used once.
Transition sections belong to the SFC section in which they were defined. If the
respective SFC section is deleted then all transition sections of this SFC section
are also deleted automatically.
Transition sections can be called exclusively from transitions.
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439
13.5
Jump
Jump
General
Jumps are used to indicate directional links that are not represented in their full
length.
Representation of a jump:
Properties of Jumps
Jumps have the following properties:
More than one jump may have the same target step.
In accordance with IEC 61131-3, jumps into a parallel sequence (see page 445)
or out of a parallel sequence are not possible.
If it should also be used again then it must be enabled explicitly.
With jumps, there is a difference between a Sequence Jump (see page 451) and
a Sequence Loop (see page 452).
The jump target is indicated by the jump target symbol (>).
Jump Name
Jumps do not actually have their own names. Instead, the name of the target step
(jump target) is shown inside of the jump symbol.
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13.6
Link
Link
Introduction
Links connect steps and transitions, transitions and steps etc.
Properties of Links
Links have the following properties:
Links between objects of the same type (step with step, transition with transition,
etc.) are not possible
Links are possible between:
unlinked object outputs and
unlinked or linked step inputs
(i.e. multiple step inputs can be linked)
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Overlapping links and other SFC objects (step, transition, jump, etc.) is not
possible
Overlapping links and links is possible
Crossing links with links is possible and is indicated by a "broken" link:
Links consist of vertical and horizontal segments

Standard signal flow in a sequence string is from top to bottom. To create a loop
however, links can be made from below to a step above. This applies to links from
transitions, parallel branches or alternative joints to a step. In these cases, the
direction of the link is indicated with an arrow symbol:
With links, there is a difference between a String Jump (see page 451) and a
String Loop (see page 452)
441
13.7
Branches and Merges
Overview
This section describes the branch and merge objects of the SFC sequence
language.
Topic
442
Page
Alternative Branches and Alternative Joints
443
Parallel Branch and Parallel Joint
445
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Alternative Branches and Alternative Joints

Introduction
The alternative branch offers the possibility to program branches conditionally in the
control flow of the SFC structure.
With alternative branches, as many transitions follow a step under the horizontal line
as there are different processes.
All alternative branches are run together into a single branch again with alternative
joints or Jumps (see page 440) where they are processed further.
Example of an Alternative Sequence
Example of an Alternative Sequence
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Properties of an Alternative Sequence

The properties of an alternative sequence mainly depend on whether the sequence
control is operating in single token or multi-token mode.
See
Properties of an Alternative Sequence in Single Token (see page 450)
Properties of an Alternative Sequence in Multi Token (see page 462)
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Parallel Branch and Parallel Joint

Introduction
With parallel branches, switching a single transition leads to a parallel activation of
more than one (maximum 32) step (branches). Execution is from left to right. After
this common activation, the individual branches are processed independently from
one another.
All parallel branches are grouped using a parallel joint according to IEC 61131-1.
The transition following a parallel joint is evaluated when all the immediately
preceding steps of the parallel joint have been set.
Combining a parallel branch with an alternative joint is only possible in Multi-Token
(see page 465) operation.
Example of a Parallel Sequence
Example of a Parallel Sequence
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445
Properties of a Parallel Sequence

see
Properties of a Parallel Sequence in Single Token (see page 450)
Properties of a Parallel Sequence in Multi-Token (see page 462)
446
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13.8
Text Objects
Text Object
Introduction
Text can be positioned in the form of text objects using SFC sequence language.
The size of these text objects depends on the length of the text. This text object is
at least the size of a cell and can be vertically and horizontally enlarged to other cells
according to the size of the text. Text objects can overlap with other SFC objects.
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447
13.9
Single-Token
Overview
This section describes the "Single-Token" operating mode for sequence controls.
Topic
448
Page
Execution Sequence Single-Token
449
Alternative String
450
Sequence Jumps and Sequence Loops
451
Parallel Strings
454
Asymmetric Parallel String Selection
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Execution Sequence Single-Token

Description
The following rules apply for single token:
The original situation is defined by the initial step. The sequence string contains
1 initial step only.
Only one step is ever active in the sequence string. The only exceptions are
parallel branches in which one step is active per branch.
The active signal status processes take place along the directional links,
triggered by switching one or more transitions. The direction of the string process
follows the directional links and runs from the under side of the predecessor step
to the top side of the successive step.
whose immediately preceding steps are not active are not normally analyzed.
A transition is triggered when the transition is enabled and the associated
transition conditions are satisfied.
Triggering a transition leads to the disabling (resetting) of all immediately
preceding steps that are linked to the transition, followed by the activation of all
immediately following steps.
If more than one transition condition in a row of sequential steps has been
satisfied then one step is processed per cycle.
Steps cannot be activated or deactivated by other non-SFC sections.
The use of macro steps is possible.
Only one branch is ever active in alternative branches. The branch to be run is
determined by the result of the transition conditions of the transitions that follow
the alternative branch. If a transition condition is satisfied, the remaining
transitions are no longer processed The branch with the satisfied transition is
activated. This gives rise to a left to right priority for branches. All alternative
branches are combined at the end by an alternative joint or jumps.
With parallel branches, switching a single transition leads to the activation of
more than one step (branch). After this common activation, the individual
branches are processed independent of one another. All parallel branches are
combined at the end by a parallel joint. Jumps into a parallel branch or out of a
parallel branch are not possible.
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Alternative String
Alternative Strings
According to IEC 61131-3, only one switch (1-off-n-select) can be made from the
transitions. The branch to be run is determined by the result of the transition
conditions of the transitions that follow the alternative branch. Branch transitions are
processed from left to right. If a transition condition is satisfied, the remaining
transitions are no longer processed The branch with the satisfied transition is
activated. This results in a left to right priority for branches.
If none of the transitions are switched, the step that is currently set remains set.
Alternative Strings:
If...
Then
If S_5_10 is active and transition condition a is true

(independent of b),
then a sequence is run from S_5_10 to S_5_11.
If S_5_10 is active and transition condition b is true and

a is false,
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Sequence Jumps and Sequence Loops

Sequence Jump
A sequence jump is a special type of alternative branch that can be used to skip
several steps of a sequence.
A sequence jump can be made with jumps or with links.
Sequence jump:
If...
Then
If transition condition a is true,
then a sequence is run from S_5_10 to S_5_11, S_5_12

and S_5_13.
If transition condition b is true,
then a jump is made from S_5_10 directly to S_5_13.
If transition condition e is true,
then a sequence is run from S_5_10 to S_5_14 and

S_5_13.
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Sequence Loop
A sequence loop is a special type of alternative branch with which one or more
branches lead back to a previous step.
A sequence loop can be made with jumps or with links.
Sequence loop:
If...
Then
then a sequence runs from S_1_11 to S_1_12.
If transition condition b is false and c is true,
If transition condition f is true,
then a jump is made from S_1_14 back to S_1_12.
The loop from S_1_12 by means of transition conditions c and f back to S_1_12 is repeated until transition condition
b is true or c is false and d is true.
If transition conditions b and c are false and d is true,
then a jump is made from S_1_12 directly back to

S_1_11.
The loop from S_1_11 to S_1_12 and back to S_1_11 via transition conditions a and d is repeated until transition
condition b or c is true.
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Infinite sequence loops are not permitted within an alternative sequence.

Infinite sequence loops:
If...
Then
If transition condition e is true,
then a jump is made to S_1_4.
If transition condition f is true,
The loop from S_1_3 via transition condition e, to S_1_4 via transition condition f and a jump back to S_1_3 again,
is now repeated infinitely.
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Parallel Strings
Parallel Strings
more than one (maximum 32) steps (branches). This applies with Single-Token as
well as with Multi-Token.
Processing Parallel Strings:
If...
Then
If S_5_10 is active and transition condition a, which

belongs to the common transition, is also true,
then a sequence runs from S_5_10 to S_5_11, S_5_12

and S_5_13.
If steps S_5_11, S_5_12 and S_5_13 are activated,
then the strings run independently of one another.
If S_5_14, S_5_15 and S_5_16 are active at the same

time and transition condition e, which belongs to the
common transition, is true,
then a sequence is run from S_5_14, S_5_15 and

S_5_16 to S_5_17.
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Using an Alternative Branch in a Parallel String

If a single alternative branch is used in a parallel string, it leads to blocking the string
with Single-Token.
Using an Alternative Branch in a Parallel String:
If...
Then
then a sequence is run to S_7_1 and S_7_2.
If steps S_7_1 and S_7_2 are activated,
If transition condition d is true,
then a sequence runs to S_7_5.
If transition condition b is true and c is false,
Since S_7_3, S_7_4 and S_7_5 are linked with a parallel merge, no sequence can follow to S_7_6 because S_7_3
and S_7_4 can never be active at the same time.
(Either S_7_3 is activated with transition condition b or S_7_4 with transition condition c, never both at the same
time.)
Therefore S_7_3, S_7_4 and S_7_5 can never be active at the same time either. The string is blocked.
The same problem occurs if transition condition b is false and c is true when entering the alternative branch.
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Asymmetric Parallel String Selection

Introduction
According to IEC 61131-3, a parallel branch must always be terminated with a
parallel merge. The number of parallel branches must not coincide with the number
of parallel merges however.
Greater Amount of Merges
String with 1 Parallel Branch and 2 Parallel Merges:
If...
Then
then a sequence runs to S_19_2, S_19_3 and S_19_4.
If steps S_19_2 and S_19_5 are active and transition

condition c, is true,
then the parallel string is departed.
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Greater Amount of Branches

String with 2 Parallel Branches and 1 Parallel Merge:
If...
Then
then a sequence runs to S_19_2 and S_19_3.
If steps S_19_2, S_19_4 and S_19_5 are active and

transition condition c is true,
then the parallel string is departed.
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Nested Parallel Strings

Nested Parallel Strings:
If...
Then
If transition condition c is true,
then a sequence runs to S_8_14, S_8_15 and S_8_16.

condition d, is true,

condition e, is true,
...
...
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Multi-Token
Overview
This section describes the "Multi-Token" operating mode for sequence controls.
Topic
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Page
Multi-Token Execution Sequence
460
Alternative String
462
Parallel Strings
465
Jump into a Parallel String
469
Jump out of a Parallel String
470
459
Multi-Token Execution Sequence

Description
The following rules apply for Multi-Token:
The original situation is defined in a number of initial steps (0 to 100) which can
be defined.
A number of steps which can be freely defined can be active at the same time in
a sequence string.
The active signal status processes take place along the directional links,
triggered by switching one or more transitions. The direction of the string process
follows the directional links and runs from the under side of the predecessor step
to the top side of the successive step.
whose immediately preceding steps are not active are not analyzed.
A transition is triggered when the transition is enabled and the associated
transition conditions are satisfied.
Triggering a transition leads to the disabling (resetting) of all immediately
preceding steps that are linked to the transition, followed by the activation of all
immediately following steps.
If more than one transition condition in a row of sequential steps has been
satisfied then one step is processed per cycle.
Steps and macro steps can be activated or deactivated by other non-SFC
sections or by user operations.
If an active step is activated and deactivated at the same time then the step
remains active.
The use of macro steps is possible. Whereas the macro step section can also
contain initial steps.
More than one branch can be active with alternative branches. The branches to
be run are determined by the result of the transition conditions of the transitions
that follow the alternative branch. Branch transitions are processed in parallel.
The branches with satisfied transitions are activated. All alternative branches do
not have to be combined at the end by an alternative joint or jumps.
If jumps are to be made into a parallel branch or out of a parallel branch then this
option can be enabled. All parallel branches do not have to be combined at the
end by a parallel joint in this case.
Subroutine calls be used in an action section.
Multiple tokens can be created with:
Multiple initial steps
Alternative or parallel branches that are not terminated
Jumps in combination with alternative and parallel strings
Activation of steps using the SFC control block SETSTEP from a non -SFC
section or with SFC control instructions
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Tokens can be ended with:

Simultaneous meeting of two or more tokens in a step
Deactivation of steps using the SFC control block RESETSTEP from a non SFC section or with SFC control instructions
461
Alternative String
Alternative Strings
The user can define the behavior for the evaluation of transition conditions in
alternative branches with Multi-Token.
The following are possible:
Processing is from left to right with a stop after the first active transition (1-off-nselect). This corresponds with the behavior of alternative strings with SingleToken (see page 450).
Parallel processing of all transitions of the alternative branch (x-off-n-select)
x-off-n-select
With Multi-Token, more than one parallel switch can be made from the transitions
(1-off-n-select). The branches to be run are determined by the result of the transition
conditions of the transitions that follow the alternative branch. The transitions of the
branches are all processed. All branches with satisfied transitions are activated.
If none of the transitions are switched, the step that is currently set remains set.
x-off-n-select:
If...
Then
If S_5_10 is active and transition condition a is true and

b is false,
If S_5_10 is active and transition condition a is false and

b is true,
If S_5_10 is active and transition conditions a and b are

true,
then a sequence is run from S_5_10 to S_5_11 and

S_5_12.
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A second token is created by the parallel activation of the two alternative branches. These two tokens are now running
parallel to one another, i.e. S_5_11 and S_5_12 are active at the same time.
Token 1 (S_5_11)
Token 2 (S_5_12)
If...
Then
If the transition condition c is

true,
then a sequence is run If transition condition d is

true,
from S_5_11 to
S_5_13.
If...
Then
then a sequence is run from
S_5_12 to S_5_13.
If S_5_13 is still active (token 1) because of the activation of transition condition c, then token 2 is ended and the
string will be further processed as Single-Token. If S_5_13 is no longer active (token 1), then it is reactivated by token
2 and both tokens continue running parallel (Multi-Token).
If alternative branches should only be switched exclusively in this mode of operation,

then this must be defined explicitly with the transition logic.
Example:
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Terminating an Alternative Branch with a Parallel Merge

If a parallel merge is used to terminate an alternative branch, it may block the string.
Terminating an Alternative Branch with a Parallel Merge:
If...
Then
If transition condition a is true and b is false,
Since S_6_1 and S_6_2 are linked by a parallel merge, the branch cannot be departed because S_6_1 and S_6_2
can never be active at the same time.
(Either S_6_1 is activated with transition condition a or S_6_2 with transition condition b.)
Therefore S_6_1 and S_6_2 can never be active at the same time either. The string is blocked.
This block can be removed, for example, by a second timed token that runs via transition b.
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Parallel Strings
Parallel Strings
more than one (maximum 32) steps (branches). This applies with Single-Token as
well as with Multi-Token
Processing Parallel Strings:
If...
Then
If S_5_10 is active and transition condition a, which

belongs to the common transition, is also true,
then a sequence runs from S_5_10 to S_5_11, S_5_12

and S_5_13.
If S_5_14, S_5_15 and S_5_16 are active at the same

time and transition condition e, which belongs to the
common transition, is true,
then a sequence is run from S_5_14, S_5_15 and

S_5_16 to S_5_17.
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Terminating a Parallel Branch with an Alternative Merge

Terminating a parallel branch can also be done with an alternative merge instead of
a parallel merge with Multi-Token.
Terminating a Parallel String with an Alternative Branch (variation 1):
If...
Then
If the transition condition a is true,
If transition condition b is true and c is false,
A second token is created by the sequence running on the alternative merge out of the parallel string. The two tokens
are running parallel to one another, i.e. S_5_2 and S_5_3 are active at the same time.
Token 1 (S_5_3)
If...
Step S_5_3 is active.
Token 2 (S_5_2)
Then
If...
Then

If the transition condition c
is true,
then a sequence runs to

S_5_3.
If S_5_3 is still active (token 1) then token 2 is ended and the string is further processed as Single-Token.
If S_5_3 is no longer active (token 1), then it is reactivated by token 2 and both tokens continue running parallel (MultiToken).
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Terminating a Parallel String with an Alternative Branch (variation 2):
If...
Then
A second token is created by the sequence running on the alternative merge out of the parallel string. These two
tokens are now running parallel to one another, i.e. S_5_1 and S_5_2 are active at the same time.
Token 1 (S_5_2)
If...
Token 2 (S_5_1)
Then
If...
Then

If transition condition b is
true,

S_5_2.
If S_5_2 is still active (token 1) then token 2 is ended and the string is further processed as Single-Token.
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Using an Alternative Branch in a Parallel String

If one single alternative branch is used in a parallel string, it may block the string.
Using an Alternative Branch in a Parallel String:
If...
Then
then a sequence is run to S_7_1 and S_7_2.
If transition condition d is true,
Since S_7_3, S_7_4 and S_7_5 are linked by a parallel merge, the parallel string cannot be departed because
S_7_3 and S_7_4 can never be active at the same time.
(Either S_7_3 is activated with transition condition b or S_7_4 with transition condition c.)
Therefore S_7_3, S_7_4 and S_7_5 cannot be active at the same time either. The string is blocked.
This block can be removed for example, by a second timed token that runs via transition c.
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Description
The ability to jump into a parallel string or out of a parallel string can be enabled
optionally with multi-token
A jump into a parallel string does not activate all branches. Since the transition after
the parallel joint is only evaluated if all steps which directly precede the transition are
set, the parallel string can no longer be departed, the string is blocking.
If...
Then
If S_1_2 is active and transition condition b, is true,
If S_1_1 and S_1_3 are active and transition condition c, then a sequence runs from S_1_1 and S_1_3 to a jump
which belongs to the common transition, is true,
to S_1_1.
If S_1_1 is activated by the jump,
then only the branch from S_1_1 is active. The branch

from S_1_2 is not active.
Since S_1_1 and S_1_3 are not active at the same time, the string cannot continue. The string is blocked.
This block can removed by e.g. a second timed token that is set to reactivate step S_1_2.
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Introduction
The ability to jump into a parallel string or out of a parallel string can be enabled
optionally with multi-token
Extra tokens are generated in all cases.
Jump out of a Parallel String:
If...
Then
If the transition condition a is true and b is false,
If the transition condition c is true,
A second token is created by the jump out of the parallel string. Both tokens are running parallel to one another, i.e.
S_2_1 and S_2_3 are active at the same time.
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Token 1 (S_2_1)
Token 2 (S_2_3)
If...
Then
If...
Then
If the transition condition e is

true,
then a sequence runs

to S_2_5.
If transition condition d is
true,

S_2_4.
If transition condition f is
true,

S_2_5.
If S_2_5 is still active (token 1) because of the activation of transition condition e, then token 2 is ended and the string
will be further processed as Single-Token.
Jump Between Two Branches of a Parallel String

Jump Between Two Branches of a Parallel String:
If...
Then
If the transition condition c is true,
A second token is created by the jump out of a branch string. Both tokens are running parallel to one another, i.e.
S_4_3 and S_4_1 are active at the same time.
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Token 1 (S_4_3)
Token 2 (S_4_1)
If...
Then
Step S_4_3 is processed
If...
Then
Step S_4_1 is processed

true,

S_4_3.
If step S_4_3 is still active (token 1) during the activation by token 2 then token 2 is ended and the string will continue
to be processed as Single-Token.
If step S_4_3 is no longer active (token 1) because of the activation by token 2 , then it is reactivated by token 2 and
both tokens continue running parallel (Multi-Token).
In both cases, true transition condition d causes the parallel string to be left.
Leaving a Parallel String with an Alternative Branch

Leaving a Parallel String with an Alternative Branch:
If...
Then
If transition condition b is false and c is true,
A second token is created by the sequence running on the alternative branch out of the parallel string. Both tokens
are running parallel to one another, i.e. S_3_1 and S_3_5 are active at the same time.
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Token 1 (S_3_1)
If...
Token 2 (S_3_5)
Then
Since S_3_4 cannot become active, S_3_1 remains

(token 1) active.
If...
Then
If transition condition d is
true,

S_3_6.
If transition condition a is true then a sequence runs to S_3_1 and S_3_2. This ends token 2 and the string is again
processed as Single-Token.
true and c is false,

S_3_4.
Since S_3_4 cannot become active, S_3_1 remains (token 1) active until a sequence appears on S_3_2 (token 2)
and the transition is b.
(Merging the two tokens can also be done in S_4_3.)
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14
Overview
This chapter describes the programming language instruction list IL which conforms
to IEC 61131.
Section
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Topic
Page
14.1
General Information about the IL Instruction List
476
14.2
Calling Elementary Functions, Elementary Function Blocks,

Derived Function Blocks and Procedures
500
475
14.1
Overview
This section contains a general overview of the IL instruction list.
Topic
476
Page
477
Operands
481
Modifier
484
Operators
486
Subroutine Call
496
Labels and Jumps
497
Comment
499
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Introduction
Using the Instruction list programming language (IL), you can call function blocks
and functions conditionally or unconditionally, perform assignments and make
jumps conditionally or unconditionally within a section.
Instructions
An instruction list is composed of a series of instructions.
Each instruction begins on a new line and consists of:
an Operator (see page 486),
if necessary with a Modifier (see page 484) and
if necessary one or more Operands (see page 481)
Should several operands be used, they are separated by commas. It is possible for
a Label (see page 497) to be in front of the instruction. This label is followed by a
colon. A Comment (see page 499) can follow the instruction.
Example:
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Structure of the Programming Language

IL is a so-called accumulator orientated language, i.e. each instruction uses or alters
the current content of the accumulator (a form of internal cache). IEC 61131 refers
to this accumulator as the "result".
For this reason, an instruction list should always begin with the LD operand ("Load
in accumulator command").
Example of an addition:
Command
Meaning
LD 10
Load the value 10 into the accumulator.
ADD 25
"25" is added to the contents of the accumulator.
ST A
The result is stored in the variable A.

The content of the variable A and the accumulator is now 35.
Any further instruction will work with accumulator contents
"35" if it does not begin with LD.
Compare operations likewise always refer to the accumulator. The Boolean result of
the comparison is stored in the accumulator and therefore becomes the current
accumulator content.
Example of a comparison:
Command
Meaning
LD B
The value B is loaded into the accumulator.
GT 10
10 is compared with the contents of the accumulator.
ST A
The result of the comparison is stored in the variable A.

If B is less than or equal to 10, the value of both variable A and
the accumulator content is 0 (FALSE). If B is greater than 10,
the value of both variable A and the accumulator content is 1
(TRUE).
Section Size
The length of an instruction line is limited to 300 characters.
The length of an IL section is not limited within the programming environment. The
length of an IL section is only limited by the size of the PLC memory.
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Syntax
Identifiers and Keywords are not case sensitive.
Spaces and tabs have no influence on the syntax and can be used as and when
required,
Exception: Not allowed - spaces and tabs
keywords
literals
values
identifiers
variables and
limiter combinations [e.g. (* for comments)]
Execution Sequence
Instructions are executed line by line, from top to bottom. This sequence can be
altered with the use of parentheses.
If, for example, A, B, C and D have the values 1, 2, 3 and 4, and are calculated as
follows:
LD A
ADD B
SUB C
MUL C
ST E
the result in E will be 0.
In the case of the following calculation:
LD A
ADD B
SUB(
LD C
MUL D
)
ST E
the result in E will be -9.
Error Behavior
The following conditions are handled as an error when executing an expression:
Attempting to divide by 0.
Operands do not contain the correct data type for the operation.
The result of a numerical operation exceeds the value range of its data type
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IEC Conformity
For a description of IEC conformity for the IL programming language, see IEC
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Operands
Introduction
Operators are used for operands.
An operand can be:
an address
a literal
a variable
a multi-element variable
an element of a multi-element variable
an EFB/DFB output or
an EFB/DFB call
Data Types
The operand and the current accumulator content must be of the same type. Should
operands of various types be processed, a type conversion must be performed
beforehand.
In the example the integer variable i1 is converted into a real variable before being
added to the real variable r4.
LD i1
INT_TO_REAL
ADD r4
ST r3
As an exception to this rule, variables with data type TIME can be multiplied or
divided by variables with data type INT, DINT, UINT or UDINT.
Permitted operations:
LD
timeVar1
DIV dintVar1
ST timeVar2
LD
timeVar1
MUL intVar1
ST timeVar2
LD
timeVar1
MUL 10
ST timeVar2
This function is listed by IEC 61131-3 as "undesired" service.
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Direct Use of Addresses

Addresses can be used directly (without a previous declaration). In this case the
data type is assigned to the address directly. The assignment is made using the
"Large prefix".
The different large prefixes are given in the following table.
Large prefix /
Symbol
Example
Data type
no prefix
%I10, %CH203.MOD, %CH203.MOD.ERR
BOOL
%MX20
BOOL
%QB102.3
BYTE
%KW43
INT
%QD100
DINT
%MF100
REAL
Using Other Data Types

Should other data types be assigned as the default data types of an address, this
must be done through an explicit declaration. This variable declaration takes place
comfortably using the variable editor. The data type of an address can not be
declared directly in an ST section (e.g. declaration AT %MW1: UINT; not permitted).
The following variables are declared in the variable editor:
UnlocV1: ARRAY [1..10] OF INT;
LocV1:
ARRAY [1..10] OF INT AT %MW100;
LocV2:
TIME AT %MW100;
The following calls then have the correct syntax:
%MW200 := 5;
LD LocV1[%MW200]
ST UnlocV1[2]
LD t#3s
ST LocV2
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Accessing Field Variables

When accessing field variables (ARRAY), only literals and variables of INT, DINT,
UINT and UDINT types are permitted in the index entry.
The index of an ARRAY element can be negative if the lower threshold of the range
is negative.
Example: Saving a field variable
LD var1[i]
ST var2.otto[4]
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Modifier
Introduction
Modifiers influence the execution of the operators (see Operators, page 486).
Table of Modifiers
Table of Modifiers:
484
Modifier
Use of
Operators of
data type
Description
BOOL, BYTE,
WORD, DWORD
The modifier N is used to invert the value of the operands bit

by bit.
Example: In the example C is 1, if A is 1 and B is 0.
LD A
ANDN B
ST C
BOOL
The modifier C is used to carry out the associated instruction,

should the value of the accumulator be 1 (TRUE).
Example: In the example, the jump after START is only
performed when A is 1 (TRUE) and B is 1 (TRUE).
LD A
AND B
JMPC START
CN
BOOL
If the modifiers C and N are combined, the associated

instruction is only performed if the value of the accumulator
be a Boolean 0 (FALSE).
Example: In the example, the jump after START is only
performed when A is 0 (FALSE) and B is 0 (FALSE).
LD A
AND B
JMPCN START
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Modifier
Use of
Operators of
data type
Description
all
The left bracket modifier (is used to move back the

evaluation of the operand, until the right bracket operator)
appears. The number of right parenthesis operations must
be equal to the number of left bracket modifiers. Brackets
can be nested.
Example: In the example E is 1, if C and/or D is 1 and A and
B are 1.
LD A
AND B
AND( C
OR D
)
ST E
The example can also be programmed in the following
manner:
LD A
AND B
AND(
LD C
OR D
)
ST E
485
Operators
Introduction
An operator is a symbol for:
an arithmetic operation to be executed,
a logical operation to be executed or
calling an elementary function block - DFBs or subroutines.
Operators are generic, i.e. they adapt automatically to the data type of the operands.
Load and Save Operators
IL programming language load and save operators:
Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
LD
N
(only for
operands of
data type
BOOL, BYTE,
WORD or
DWORD)
Loads the
operands
value into the
accumulator
The value of an operand is loaded into the

Literal, variable,
direct address of any accumulator using LD. The size of the
accumulator adapts automatically to the data type
data type
of the operand. This also applies to the derived
data types.
Example: In this example the value of A is loaded
into the accumulator, the value of B then added
and the result saved in E.
LD A
ADD B
ST E
486
Description
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Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
ST
N
(only for
operands of
data type
BOOL, BYTE,
WORD or
DWORD)
Saves the
accumulator
value in the
operand
Variable, direct
address of any data
type
The current value of the accumulator is stored in

the operand using ST. The data type of the
operand must be the same as the "data type" of
the accumulator.
and the result saved in E.
LD A
ADD B
ST E
The "old" result is used in subsequent
calculations, depending on whether or not an LD
follows an ST.
and the result saved in E. The value of B is then
subtracted from the value of E (current
accumulator content) and the result saved in C.
LD A
ADD B
ST E
SUB 3
ST C
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Set and Reset Operators

Set and reset operators of the IL programming language:
Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
Sets the
operand to 1,
when the
accumulator
content is 1
Variable, direct
address of BOOL
data type
S sets the operand to "1" when the current content

of the accumulator is a Boolean 1.
to the accumulator. If the content of the
accumulator (value of A) is 1, then OUT is set to 1.
LD A
S OUT
Usually this operator is used together with the
reset operator R as a pair.
Example: This example shows a RS flip-flop
(reset dominant) that is controlled through the two
Boolean variables A and C.
LD A
S OUT
LD C
R OUT
Sets the
operand to 0
when the
accumulator
content is 1
Variable, direct
address of BOOL
data type
R sets the operand to "0" when the current content

of the accumulator is a Boolean 1.
to the accumulator. If the content of the
accumulator (value of A) is 1, then OUT is set to 0.
LD A
R OUT
Usually this operator is used together with the set
operator S as a pair.
Example: This example shows a SR flip-flop (set
dominant) that is controlled through the two
Boolean variables A and C.
LD A
R OUT
LD C
S OUT
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Logical Operators
IL programming language logic operators:
Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
AND
N, N(, (
Logical AND
Literal, variable,
direct address of
BOOL, BYTE, WORD
or DWORD data types
The AND operator makes a logical AND link

between the accumulator content and the
operand.
In the case of BYTE, WORD and DWORD data types,
the link is made bit by bit.
Example: In the example D is 1 if A, B and C are 1.
LD A
AND B
AND C
ST D
OR
N, N(, (
Logical OR
Literal, variable,
direct address of
BOOL, BYTE, WORD
or DWORD data types
The OR operator makes a logical OR link between

the accumulator content and the operand.
Example: In the example D is 1 if A or B are 1 and
C is 1.
LD A
OR B
OR C
ST D
XOR
N, N(, (
Logical
exclusive OR
Literal, variable,
direct address of
BOOL, BYTE, WORD
or DWORD data types
The XOR operator makes a logical exclusive OR

link between the accumulator content and the
operand.
If more than two operands are linked, the result
with an uneven number of 1-states is 1, and is 0
with an even number of 1-states.
Example: In the example D is 1 if A or B is 1. If A
and B have the same status (both 0 or 1), D is 0.
LD A
XOR B
ST D
If more than two operands are linked, the result
with an uneven number of 1-states is 1, and is 0
with an even number of 1-states.
Example: In the example F is 1 if 1 or 3 operands
are 1. F is 0 if 0, 2 or 4 operands are 1.
LD A
XOR B
XOR C
XOR D
XOR E
ST F
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Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
NOT
Logical
negation
(complement)
Accumulator
contents of data
types BOOL, BYTE,
WORD or DWORD
The accumulator content is inverted bit by bit with

NOT.
Example: In the example B is 1 if A is 0 and B is 0
if A is 1.
LD A
NOT
ST B
Arithmetic Operators
IL programming language Arithmetic operators:
Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
ADD
Addition
Literal, variable,
direct address of
data types INT,
DINT, UINT, UDINT,
REAL or TIME
With ADD the value of the operand is added to the

value of the accumulator contents.
Example: The example corresponds to the
formula D = A + B + C
LD A
ADD B
ADD C
ST D
SUB
Subtraction
Literal, variable,
direct address of
data types INT,
DINT, UINT, UDINT,
REAL or TIME
With SUB the value of the operand is subtracted

from the accumulator content.
formula D = A - B - C
LD A
SUB B
SUB C
ST D
MUL
Multiplication
Literal, variable,
direct address of
data type INT,
DINT, UINT, UDINT
or REAL
The MUL operator multiplies the content of the

accumulator by the value of the operand.
formula D = A * B * C
LD A
MUL B
MUL C
ST D
Note: The MULTIME function in the obsolete
library is available for multiplications involving the
data type Time.
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Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
DIV
Division
Literal, variable,
direct address of
data type INT,
DINT, UINT, UDINT
or REAL
The DIV operator divides the contents of the

accumulator by the value of the operand.
formula D = A / B / C
LD A
DIV B
DIV C
ST D
Note: The DIVTIME function in the obsolete
library is available for divisions involving the data
type Time.
MOD
Modulo
Division
Literal, variable,
direct address of
INT, DINT, UINT or
UDINT data types
The MOD operator divides the value of the first

operand by the value of the second and returns
the remainder (Modulo) as the result.
Example: In this example
C is 1 if A is 7 and B is 2
C is 1 if A is 7 and B is -2
C is -1 if A is -7 and B is 2
C is -1 if A is -7 and B is -2
LD A
MOD B
ST C
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Comparison Operators
IL programming language comparison operators:
Operator
Modifier
Meaning
GT
Comparison: > Literal, variable,

direct address of
data type BOOL,
BYTE, WORD, DWORD,
STRING, INT, DINT,
UINT, UDINT, REAL,
TIME, DATE, DT or
TOD
The GT operator compares the contents of the

accumulator with the contents of the operand. If
the contents of the accumulator are greater than
the contents of the operands, the result is a
Boolean 1. If the contents of the accumulator are
less than/equal to contents of the operands, the
result is a Boolean 0.
Example: In the example the value of D is 1 if A is
greater than 10, otherwise the value of D is 0.
LD A
GT 10
ST D
GE
Comparison:
>=
Literal, variable,
direct address of
data type BOOL,
BYTE, WORD, DWORD,
STRING, INT, DINT,
UINT, UDINT, REAL,
TIME, DATE, DT or
TOD
The GE operator compares the contents of the

the contents of the accumulator are greater
than/equal to the contents of the operands, the
result is a Boolean 1. If the contents of the
accumulator are less than the contents of the
operands, the result is a Boolean 0.
greater than or equal to 10, otherwise the value of
D is 0.
LD A
GE 10
ST D
EQ
Comparison: = Literal, variable,

direct address of
data type BOOL,
BYTE, WORD, DWORD,
STRING, INT, DINT,
UINT, UDINT, REAL,
TIME, DATE, DT or
TOD
The EQ operator compares the contents of the

the contents of the accumulator is equal to the
contents of the operands, the result is a Boolean
1. If the contents of the accumulator are not equal
to the contents of the operands, the result is a
Boolean 0.
equal to 10, otherwise the value of D is 0.
LD A
EQ 10
ST D
492
Operands
Description
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Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
NE
Comparison:
<>
Literal, variable,
direct address of
data type BOOL,
BYTE, WORD, DWORD,
STRING, INT, DINT,
UINT, UDINT, REAL,
TIME, DATE, DT or
TOD
The NE operator compares the contents of the

the contents of the accumulator are not equal to
the contents of the operands, the result is a
Boolean 1. If the contents of the accumulator are
equal to the contents of the operands, the result is
a Boolean 0.
not equal to 10, otherwise the value of D is 0.
LD A
NE 10
ST D
LE
Comparison:
<=
Literal, variable,
direct address of
data type BOOL,
BYTE, WORD, DWORD,
STRING, INT, DINT,
UINT, UDINT, REAL,
TIME, DATE, DT or
TOD
The LE operator compares the contents of the

the contents of the accumulator are less
than/equal to the contents of the operands, the
result is a Boolean 1. If the contents of the
accumulator are greater than the contents of the
operands, the result is a Boolean 0.
smaller than or equal to 10, otherwise the value of
D is 0.
LD A
LE 10
ST D
LT
Comparison: < Literal, variable,

direct address of
data type BOOL,
BYTE, WORD, DWORD,
STRING, INT, DINT,
UINT, UDINT, REAL,
TIME, DATE, DT or
TOD
The LT operator compares the contents of the

the contents of the accumulator is less than the
contents of the operands, the result is a Boolean
1. If the contents of the accumulator is greater
than/equal to contents of the operands, the result
is a Boolean 0.
smaller than 10, otherwise the value of D is 0.
LD A
LT 10
ST D
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Call Operators
IL programming language call operators:
Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
CAL
C, CN
(only if the
accumulator
contents are
of the BOOL
data type)
Instance name of the

Call of a
function block, function block, DFB
or subprogram
DFB or
subprogram
FUNCTIO
NNAME
Executing a
function
A function is performed by specifying the name of

Literal, variable,
direct address (data the function.
type is dependent on see also Calling Elementary Functions, page 501
function)
PROCEDU
RENAME
Executing a
procedure
A procedure is performed by specifying the name

Literal, variable,
direct address (data of the procedure.
type is dependent on see also Calling Procedures, page 518
procedure)
A function block, DFB or subprogram is called up

conditionally or unconditionally with CAL.
see also Calling Elementary Function Blocks and
Derived Function Blocks, page 506 and
Subroutine Call, page 496
Structuring Operators
IL programming language structuring operators:
Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
JMP
C, CN
(only if the
accumulator
contents are
of the BOOL
data type)
Jump to label
LABEL
With JMP a jump to the label can be conditional or

unconditional.
see also Labels and Jumps, page 497
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Operator
Modifier
Meaning
Operands
Description
RET
C, CN
(only if the
accumulator
contents are
of the BOOL
data type)
Return to the
next highest
program
organization
unit
RETURN operators can be used in DFBs (derived

function blocks) and in SRs (subroutines).
RETURN operators can not be used in the main
program.
In a DFB, a RETURN operator forces the return
to the program which called the DFB.
The rest of the DFB section containing the
RETURN operator is not executed.
The next sections of the DFB are not
executed.
The program which called the DFB will be
executed after return from the DFB.
If the DFB is called by another DFB, the calling
DFB will be executed after return.
In a SR, a RETURN operator forces the return
to the program which called the SR.

The rest of the SR containing the RETURN
operator is not executed.
The program which called the SR will be
executed after return from the SR.
)
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Processing
deferred
operations
A right bracket ) starts the processing of the

deferred operator. The number of right bracket
operations must be equal to the number of left
bracket modifiers. Brackets can be nested.
Example: In the example E is 1 if C and/or D is 1
and A and B are 1.
LD A
AND B
AND( C
OR D
)
ST E
495
Subroutine Call
Call Subroutine
A subroutine call consists of the CAL operator, followed by the name of the
subroutine section, followed by an empty parameter list (optional).
Subroutine calls do not return a value.
The subroutine to be called must be located in the same task as the IL section called.
e.g.
ST A
CAL SubroutineName ()
LD B
or
ST A
CAL SubroutineName
LD B
Subroutines are a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be enabled explicitly.
is enabled.
496
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Labels and Jumps

Introduction
Labels serve as destinations for Jumps.
Label Properties:
Label properties:
Labels must always be the first element in a line.
The name must be clear throughout the directory, and it is not upper/lower case
sensitive.
Labels can be 32 characters long (max.).
Labels must conform to the IEC name conventions.
Labels are separated by a colon : from the following instruction.
Labels are only permitted at the beginning of "Expressions", otherwise an
undefined value can be found in the battery.
Example:
start: LD A
AND B
OR C
ST D
JMP start
Jump Properties:
Jump properties:
With JMP operation a jump to the label can be restricted or unrestricted.
JMP can be used with the modifiers C and CN (only if the battery content is data
type BOOL).
Jumps can be made within program and DFB sections.
Jumps are only possible in the current section.
Possible destinations are:

the first LD instruction of an EFB/DFB call with assignment of input parameters
(see start2),
a normal LD instruction (see start1),
a CAL instruction, which does not work with assignment of input parameters (see
start3),
a JMP instruction (see start4),
the end of an instruction list (see start5).
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Example
start2: LD A
ST counter.CU
LD B
ST counter.R
LD C
ST counter.PV
CAL counter
JMPCN start4
start1: LD A
AND B
OR C
ST D
JMPC start3
LD A
ADD E
JMP start5
start3: CAL counter (
CU:=A
R:=B
PV:=C )
JMP start1
LD A
OR B
OR C
ST D
start4: JMPC start1
LD C
OR B
start5: ST A
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Comment
Description
In the IL editor, comments always start with the string (* and end in the string *).
Any comments can be entered between these character strings.
Nesting comments is not permitted according to IEC 61131-3. If comments are
nested nevertheless, then they must be enabled explicitly.
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14.2
Calling Elementary Functions, Elementary

Function Blocks, Derived Function Blocks and
Procedures
Overview
Calling Elementary Functions, Elementary Function Blocks, Derived Function
Blocks and Procedures in the IL programming language.
Topic
500
Page
Calling Elementary Functions
501
Calling Elementary Function Blocks and Derived Function Blocks
506
Calling Procedures
518
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Using Functions
Elementary functions are provided in the form of libraries. The logic of the functions
is created in the programming language C and may not be modified in the IL editor.
Functions have no internal states. If the input values are the same, the value on the
output is the same every time the function is called. For example, the addition of two
values always gives the same result. With some elementary functions, the number
of inputs can be increased.
Elementary functions only have one return value (output).
Parameters
"Inputs" and one "output" are required to transfer values to or from a function. These
are called formal parameters.
The current process states are transferred to the formal parameters. These are
called actual parameters.
The following can be used as actual parameters for function inputs:
Variable
Address
Literal
The following can be used as actual parameters for function outputs:
Variable
Address
The data type of the actual parameters must match the data type of the formal
parameters. The only exceptions are generic formal parameters whose data type is
determined by the actual parameter.
When dealing with generic ANY_BIT formal parameters, actual parameters of the
INT or DINT (not UINT and UDINT) data types can be used.
Example:
Allowed:
AND (AnyBitParam := IntVar1, AnyBitParam2 := IntVar2)
Not allowed:
AND_WORD (WordParam1 := IntVar1, WordParam2 := IntVar2)
AND_ARRAY_WORD (ArrayInt, ...)
(In this case an explicit type conversion must be carried out using
INT_ARR_TO_WORD_ARR (...).
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501
Not all formal parameters must be assigned a value for formal calls. Which formal
parameter types must be assigned a value can be seen in the following table.
Parameter type
EDT
STRING
ARRAY
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
STRUCT FB
ANY
Input
VAR_IN_OUT
Output
not applicable
If no value is assigned to a formal parameter, the initial value will be used when the
function is executed. If no initial value has been defined, the default value (0) is
used.
Programming Notes
Functions are only executed if the input EN=1 or the EN input is not used (see also
All generic functions are overloaded. This means the functions can be called with
or without entering the data type.
E.g.
LD i1
ADD i2
ST i3
is identical to
LD i1
ADD_INT i2
ST i3
In contrast to ST, functions in IL cannot be nested.
There are two ways of invoking a function:
Formal call (calling a function with formal parameter names)
Informal call (calling a function without formal parameter names)
502
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Formal Call
With this type of call (call with formal parameter names), the function is called using
an instruction sequence consisting of the function name, followed by the bracketed
list of value assignments (actual parameters) to the formal parameters. The order in
which the formal parameters are listed is not significant. The list of actual
parameters may be wrapped immediately following a comma. After executing the
function the result is loaded into the accumulator and can be stored using ST.
EN and ENO can be used for this type of call.
Calling a function with formal parameter names:
or
LIMIT (
MN:=0,
IN:=var1,
MX:=var2
)
ST out
Calling the same function in FBD:
With formal calls, values do not have to be assigned to all formal parameters (see
also Parameter (see page 501)).
LIMIT (MN:=0, IN:=var1)
ST out
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Informal Call
With this type of call (call without formal parameter names), the function is called
using an instruction sequence made up by loading the first actual parameter into the
accumulator, followed by the function name and an optional list of actual
parameters. The order in which the actual parameters are listed is significant. The
list of actual parameters cannot be wrapped. After executing the function the result
is loaded into the accumulator and can be stored using ST.
EN and ENO cannot be used for this type of call.
NOTE: Note that when making an informal call, the list of actual parameters cannot
be put in brackets. IEC 61133-3 requires that the brackets be left out in this case to
illustrate that the first actual parameter is not a part of the list.
Invalid informal call for a function:
If the value to be processed (first actual parameter) is already in the accumulator,

the load instruction can be omitted.
LIMIT B,C
ST result
If the result is to be used immediately, the store instruction can be omitted.
LD A
LIMIT_REAL B,C
MUL E
If the function to be executed only has one input, the name of the function is not
followed by a list of actual parameters.
504
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Calling a function with one actual parameter:
EN and ENO
With all functions an EN input and an ENO output can be configured.
If the value of EN is equal to "0" when the function is called, the algorithms defined
by the function are not executed and ENO is set to "0".
If the value of EN is equal to 1 when the function is called, the algorithms defined by
the function are executed. After the algorithms have been executed successfully,
the value of ENO is set to "1". If an error occurred while executing the algorithms, ENO
is set to "0".
by the FFB is executed (same as if EN equals to "1").
If ENO is set to "0" (caused when EN=0 or an error occurred during execution), the
output of the function is set to "0".
The output behavior of the function does not depend on whether the function was
called up without EN/ENO or with EN=1.
If EN/ENO are used, the function call must be formal.
LIMIT (EN:=1, MN:=0, IN:=var1, MX:=5, ENO=>var2)
ST out
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Calling Elementary Function Blocks and Derived Function Blocks

Elementary function blocks have internal states. If the inputs have the same values,
the value on the output can have another value during the individual operations. For
example, with a counter, the value on the output is incremented.
Function blocks can have several output values (outputs).
ST.
Parameter
"Inputs and outputs" are required to transfer values to or from function blocks. These
The current process states are transferred to the formal parameters. They are called
actual parameters.
The following can be used as actual parameters for function block inputs:
Variable
Address
Literal
The following can be used as actual parameters for function block outputs:
Variable
Address
Exception:
When dealing with generic ANY_BIT formal parameters, actual INT or DINT (not
UINT and UDINT) parameters can be used.
Example:
Allowed:
506
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Not allowed:
Not all formal parameters need be assigned a value. You can see which formal
parameter types must be assigned a value in the following table.
Parameter type
EDT
STRING
ARRAY
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
STRUCT FB
ANY
EFB: Input
EFB: VAR_IN_OUT +
EFB: Output
DFB: Input
DFB: VAR_IN_OUT +
DFB: Output
not applicable
value (0) is used.
If a formal parameter is not assigned a value and the function block/DFB is
instanced more than once, then the following instances are run with the old value.
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507
Public Variables
block.
The assignment of values to public variables is made via their initial values or via the
load and save instructions.
Example:
Example:
Private Variables
private variables.
table.
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Programming Notes
The assignment of variables to ANY or ARRAY output types must be made using
the => operator (see also Formal Form of CAL with a List of the Input Parameters
(see page 510)).
Assignments cannot be made outside the function block call.
The instruction
My_Var := My_SAH.OUT
is invalid, if the output OUT of the SAH function block is of type ANY.
The instruction
Cal My_SAH (OUT=>My_Var)
is valid.
The use of function blocks consists of two parts:
the Declaration (see page 509)
calling the function block
There are four ways of calling a function block:

Formal Form of CAL with a list of input parameters (see page 510) (call with
formal parameter names)
In this case variables can be assigned to outputs using the => operator.
Informal form of CAL with a list of input parameters (see page 511) (call
without formal parameter names)
CAL and Load/Save (see page 512) the input parameter
Use of the input operators (see page 513)
Function block/DFB instances can be called multiple times; other than instances
of communication EFBs, these can only be called once (see Multiple Call of a
Function Block Instance (see page 515)).
Declaration
Before calling a function block it must be declared in the variables editor.
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509
Formal Form of CAL with a List of Input Parameters

With this type of call (call with formal parameter names), the function block is called
using a CAL instruction which follows the instance name of the function block and a
bracketed list of actual parameter assignments to the formal parameters. The
assignment of the input formal parameter is made using the := assignment and
the output formal parameter is made using the => assignment. The sequence in
which the input formal parameters and output formal parameters are enumerated is
not significant. The list of actual parameters may be continued immediately
following a comma.
Function block call in the formal form of CAL with a list of input parameters:
or
CAL MY_COUNT (CU:=var1,
R:=reset,
PV:=100,
Q=>out,
CV=>current)
Calling the same function block in FBD:
It is not necessary to assign a value to all formal parameters (see also Parameter
(see page 506)).
CAL MY_COUNT (CU:=var1, R:=reset, Q=>out, CV=>current)
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The value of a function block output can be stored and then saved by loading the
function block output (function block instance name and separated by a full stop or
entering the formal parameter).
Loading and saving function block outputs:
Informal Form of CAL with a List of Input Parameters

With this type of call (call without formal parameter names), the function block is
called using a CAL instruction, that follows the instance name of the function block
and a bracketed list of actual parameter for the inputs and outputs. The order in
which the actual parameters are listed in a function block call is significant. The list
of actual parameters cannot be wrapped.
Function block call in the informal form of CAL with a list of input parameters:
With informal calls it is not necessary to assign a value to all formal parameters (see
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511

An empty parameter field is used to omit a parameter.
Call with empty parameter field:
CAL MY_COUNT (var1, , 100, out, current)
An empty parameter field does not have to be used if formal parameters are omitted
at the end.
MY_COUNT (var1, reset)
CAL and Load/Save the Input Parameters

Function blocks may be called with an instruction list consisting of loading the actual
parameters, followed by saving into the formal parameter, followed by the CAL
instruction. The sequence of loading and saving the parameters is not significant.
Only load and save instructions for the function block currently being configured are
allowed between the first load instruction for the actual parameters and the call of
the function block. All other instructions are not allowed in this position.
(see page 506)).
512
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CAL with Load/Save the input parameters:
Use of the Input Operators

Function blocks can be called using an instruction list that consists of loading the
actual parameters followed by saving them in the formal parameters followed by an
input operator. The sequence of loading and saving the parameters is not
significant.
Only load and save instructions for the function block currently being configured are
allowed between the first load instruction for the actual parameters and the input
operator of the function block. All other instructions are not allowed in this position.
(see page 506)).
The possible input operators for the various function blocks can be found in the
table. Additional input operators are not available.
Input Operator
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FB type
S1, R
SR
S, R1
RS
CLK
R_TRIG
CLK
F_TRIG
CU, R, PV
CTU_INT, CTU_DINT, CTU_UINT, CTU_UDINT
CD, LD, PV
CTD_INT, CTD_DINT, CTD_UINT, CTD_UDINT
CU, CD, R, LD, PV
CTUD_INT, CTUD_DINT, CTUD_UINT, CTUD_UDINT
IN, PT
TP
IN, PT
TON
IN, PT
TOF
513
Use of the input operators:
Calling a Function Block without Inputs

Even if the function block has no inputs or the inputs are not to be parameterized,
the function block should be called before its outputs can be used. Otherwise the
initial values of the outputs will be transferred, i.e. "0".
E.g.
Calling the function block in the IL programming language:
CAL MY_CLOCK ()CAL MY_COUNT (CU:=MY_CLOCK.CLK1, R:=reset,
PV:=100)
LD MY_COUNT.Q
ST out
LD MY_COUNT.CV
ST current
514
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Function block/DFB instances can be called multiple times; other than instances of
communication EFBs, these can only be called once.
processing.
more than once since the code for the function block/DFB is only loaded one time.
EN and ENO
With all function blocks/DFBs, an EN input and an ENO output can be configured.
If the value of EN is equal to "0", when the function block/DFB is called, the
algorithms defined by the function block/DFB are not executed and ENO is set to "0".
If the value of EN is equal to "1", when the function block/DFB is invoked, the
algorithms which are defined by the function block/DFB will be executed. After the
algorithms have been executed successfully, the value of ENO is set to "1". If an error
occurs when executing these algorithms, ENO is set to "0".
If ENO is set to "0" (results from EN=0 or an error during execution), the outputs of
the function block/DFB retain the status from the last cycle in which they were
correctly executed.
The output behavior of the function blocks/DFBs does not depend on whether the
function blocks/DFBs are called without EN/ENO or with EN=1.
If EN/ENO are used, the function block call must be formal. The assignment of
variables to ENO must be made using the => operator.
CAL MY_COUNT (EN:=1, CU:=var1, R:=reset, PV:=value,
ENO=>error, Q=>out, CV=>current) ;
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VAR_IN_OUT Variable
Function blocks are often used to read a variable at an input (input variables), to
process it and to output the updated values of the same variable (output variables).
The following special features are to be noted when using function blocks/DFBs with
VAR_IN_OUT variables.
VAR_IN_OUT inputs may not have literals or constants assigned to them.
VAR_IN_OUT outputs may not have values assigned to them.
VAR_IN_OUT variables cannot be used outside the block call.
Calling a function block with a VAR_IN_OUT variable in IL:
CAL MY_FBLOCK(IN1:=V1, IN2:=V2, IO1:=V3,
OUT1=>V4, OUT2=>V5)
VAR_IN_OUT variables cannot be used outside the function block call.

The following function block calls are therefore invalid:
Invalid call, example 1:
516
LD V1
Loading a V1 variable in the accumulator
CAL InOutFB
Calling a function block with the VAR_IN_OUT parameter.

The accumulator now contains a reference to a VAR_IN_OUT
parameter.
AND V2
AND operation on accumulator contents and V2 variable.

Error: The operation cannot be performed since the
VAR_IN_OUT parameter (accumulator contents) cannot be
accessed from outside the function block call.
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LD V1
AND InOutFB.inout
AND operation on accumulator contents and a reference to a

VAR_IN_OUT parameter.
VAR_IN_OUT parameter cannot be accessed from outside the
function block call.
The following function block calls are always valid:

Valid call, example 1:
CAL InOutFB (IN1:=V1,inout:=V2 Calling a function block with the VAR_IN_OUT
parameter and assigning the actual parameter
within the function block call.
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LD V1
ST InOutFB.IN1
Assigning the accumulator contents to the IN1

parameter of the IN1 function block.
CAL InOutFB(inout:=V2)
Calling the function block with assignment of the

actual parameter (V2) to the VAR_IN_OUT
parameter.
517
Calling Procedures
Procedure
Procedures are provided in the form of libraries. The logic of the procedure is
created in the programming language C and may not be modified in the IL editor.
Procedures - like functions - have no internal states. If the input values are the same,
the value on the output is the same every time the procedure is executed. For
example, the addition of two values gives the same result every time.
In contrast to functions, procedures do not return a value and support VAR_IN_OUT
variables.
Parameter
"Inputs and outputs" are required to transfer values to or from procedures. These are
The following can be used as actual parameters for procedure inputs:
Variable
Address
Literal
The following can be used as actual parameters for procedure outputs:
Variable
Address
The data type of the actual parameter must match the data type of the formal
parameter. The only exceptions are generic formal parameters whose data type is
Example:
Allowed:
Not allowed:
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Not all formal parameters must be assigned a value for formal calls. Which formal
parameter types must be assigned a value can be seen in the following table.
Parameter type
EDT
STRING
ARRAY
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
STRUCT FB
ANY
Input
VAR_IN_OUT
Output
not applicable
executing the function block. If no initial value has been defined, the default value
(0) is used.
Programming Notes
Procedures are only executed if the input EN=1 or the EN input is not used (see
also EN and ENO (see page 523)).
There are two ways of calling a procedure:
In this case variables can be assigned to outputs using the => operator (calling
a function block in shortened form).
Formal Call
With this type of call (call with formal parameter names), the procedure is called
using an optional CAL instruction sequence followed by the name of the procedure
and a bracketed list of actual parameter to formal parameter assignments. The
the output formal parameter is made using the => assignment. The order in which
the input formal parameters and output formal parameters are listed is not
significant.
The list of actual parameters may be wrapped immediately following a comma.
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Calling a procedure with formal parameter names:
or
CAL PROC (IN1:=var1, IN2:=var1, OUT1=>result1,OUT2=>result2)
or
PROC (IN1:=var1,
IN2:=var1,
OUT1=>result1,
OUT2=>result2)
or
CAL PROC (IN1:=var1,
IN2:=var1,
OUT1=>result1,
OUT2=>result2)
Calling the same procedure in FBD:
With formal calls, values do not have to be assigned to all formal parameters (see
PROC (IN1:=var1, OUT1=>result1, OUT2=>result2)
or
CAL PROC (IN1:=var1, OUT1=>result1, OUT2=>result2)
520
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Informal Call without CAL Instruction

With this type of call (call without formal parameter names), procedures are called
using an instruction sequence consisting of the first actual parameter loaded into the
accumulator, followed by the procedure name, followed by a list of the input and
output actual parameters. The order in which the actual parameters are listed is
significant. The list of actual parameters cannot be wrapped.
NOTE: Note that when making an informal call, the list of actual parameters cannot
be put in brackets. IEC 61133-3 requires that the brackets be left out in this case to
illustrate that the first actual parameter is not a part of the list.
Invalid informal call for a procedure:
If the value to be processed (first actual parameter) is already in the accumulator,

the load instruction can be omitted.
EXAMP1 var2,result1,result2
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Informal Call with CAL Instruction

With this type of call, procedures are called using an instruction sequence consisting
of the CAL instruction, followed by the procedure name followed by a list of the input
and output actual parameters. The order in which the actual parameters are listed is
significant. The list of actual parameters cannot be wrapped.
Calling a procedure with formal parameter names using CAL instruction:
or
CAL PROC (var1,
var2,
result1,
result2)
NOTE: Unlike informal calls without a CAL instruction, when making informal calls
with a CAL instruction, the value to be processed (first actual parameter) is not
explicitly loaded in the battery. Instead it is part of the list of actual parameters. For
this reason, when making informal calls with a CAL instruction, the list of actual
parameters must be put in brackets.
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EN and ENO
With all procedures, an EN input and an ENO output can be configured.
If the value of EN is equal to "0" when the procedure is called, the algorithms defined
by the procedure are not executed and ENO is set to "0".
If the value of EN is "1" when the procedure is called, the algorithms defined by the
function are executed. After the algorithms have been executed successfully, the
is set to "0".
If ENO is set to "0" (caused when EN=0 or an error occurred during executing), the
outputs of the procedure are set to "0".
If EN/ENO are used, the procedure call must be formal. The assignment of variables
to ENO must be made using the => operator.
PROC (EN:=1, IN1:=var1, IN2:=var2,
ENO=>error, OUT1=>result1, OUT2=>result2) ;
VAR_IN_OUT Variable
Procedures are often used to read a variable at an input (input variables), to process
it and to output the updated values of the same variable (output variables). This
special type of input/output variable is also called a VAR_IN_OUT variable.
The following special features are to be noted when using procedures with
VAR_IN_OUT variables cannot be used outside of the procedure call.
Calling a procedure with VAR_IN_OUT variable in IL:
PROC3 (IN1:=V1, IN2:=V2, IO1:=V3,
OUT1=>V4, OUT2=>V5) ;
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523
VAR_IN_OUT variables cannot be used outside the procedure call.

The following procedure calls are therefore invalid:
LD V1
CAL InOutProc
Calling a procedure with the VAR_IN_OUT parameter.

The accumulator now contains a reference to a VAR_IN_OUT
parameter.
AND V2
AND operation on contents of accumulator with variable V2.

Error: The operation cannot be carried out since the
VAR_IN_OUT parameter (contents of accumulator) cannot be
accessed outside the procedure call.

LD V1
AND InOutProc.inout
AND operation on the contents of the accumulator and a

reference to a VAR_IN_OUT parameter.
Fehler: The operation cannot be carried out since the
VAR_IN_OUT parameter cannot be accessed outside the
procedure call.
524
LD V1
InOutFB V2
Calling the procedure with assignment of the actual

parameter (V2) to the VAR_IN_OUT parameter.
Error: The operation cannot be carried out as with this type
of procedure call only the VAR_IN_OUT parameter would be
stored in the accumulator for later use.
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The following procedure calls are always valid:

CAL InOutProc
(IN1:=V1,inout:=V2)
Calling a procedure with the VAR_IN_OUT parameter and

formal assignment of the actual parameter within the
procedure call.

InOutProc
(IN1:=V1,inout:=V2)

procedure call.

CAL InOutProc (V1,V2)
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informal assignment of the actual parameter within the
procedure call.
525
526
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Unity Pro
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15
Overview
This chapter describes the programming language structured text ST which
conforms to IEC 61131.
Section
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Topic
Page
15.1
General Information about the Structured Text ST
528
15.2
Instructions
539
15.3
Calling Elementary Functions, Elementary Function Blocks,

Derived Function Blocks and Procedures
559
527
15.1
General Information about the Structured Text ST
Overview
This section contains a general overview of the structured text ST.
Topic
528
Page
General Information about Structured Text (ST)
529
Operands
532
Operators
534
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General Information about Structured Text (ST)

Introduction
With the programming language of structured text (ST), it is possible, for example,
to call up function blocks, perform functions and assignments, conditionally perform
instructions and repeat tasks.
Expression
The ST programming language works with "Expressions".
Expressions are constructions consisting of operators and operands that return a
value when executed.
Operator
Operators are symbols representing the operations to be executed.
Operand
Operators are used for operands. Operands are variables, literals, FFB
inputs/outputs etc.
Instructions
Instructions are used to assign the values returned from the expressions to actual
parameters and to structure and control the expressions.
Representation of an ST Section
Representation of an ST section:
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Section Size
The length of an instruction line is limited to 300 characters.
The length of an ST section is not limited within the programming environment. The
length of an ST section is only limited by the size of the PLC memory.
Syntax
Identifiers and Keywords are not case sensitive.
Exception: Not allowed - spaces and tabs
keywords
literals
values
identifiers
variables and
limiter combinations [e.g. (* for comments)]
Execution Sequence
The evaluation of an expression consists of applying the operators to the operands
in the sequence as defined by the rank of the operators (see Table of Operators
(see page 534)). The operator with the highest rank in an expression is performed
first, followed by the operator with the next highest rank, etc., until the evaluation is
complete. Operators with the same rank are performed from left to right, as they are
written in the expression. This sequence can be altered with the use of parentheses.
If, for example, A, B, C and D have the values 1, 2, 3 and 4, and are calculated as
follows:
A+B-C*D
the result is -9.
In the case of the following calculation:
(A+B-C)*D
the result is 0.
If an operator contains two operands, the left operand is executed first, e.g. in the
expression
SIN(A)*COS(B)
the expression SIN(A) is calculated first, then COS(B) and only then is the product
calculated.
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Error Behavior
The following conditions are handled as an error when executing an expression:
Attempting to divide by 0.
Operands do not contain the correct data type for the operation.
The result of a numerical operation exceeds the value range of its data type
If an error occurs when executing the operation, the corresponding Systembit (%S)
is set (if supported by the PLC being used).
IEC Conformity
For a description of IEC conformity for the ST programming language, see IEC
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531
Operands
Introduction
An operand can be:
an address
a literal
a variable
a multi-element variable
an element of a multi-element variable
a function call
an FFB output
Data Types
Data types, which are in an instruction of processing operands, must be identical.
Should operands of various types be processed, a type conversion must be
performed beforehand.
In the example the integer variable i1 is converted into a real variable before being
added to the real variable r4.
r3 := r4 + SIN(INT_TO_REAL(i1)) ;
As an exception to this rule, variables with data type TIME can be multiplied or
divided by variables with data type INT, DINT, UINT or UDINT.
Permitted operations:
timeVar1 := timeVar2 / dintVar1;
timeVar1 := timeVar2 * intVar1;
timeVar := 10 * time#10s;
This function is listed by IEC 61131-3 as "undesired" service.
Direct Use of Addresses
Addresses can be used directly (without a previous declaration). In this case the
addresses data type is assigned directly. The assignment is made using the "Large
prefix".
The different large prefixes are given in the following table:
Large prefix / Symbol
532
Example
Data type
no prefix
%I10, %CH203.MOD, %CH203.MOD.ERR
BOOL
%MX20
BOOL
%QB102.3
BYTE
%KW43
INT
%QD100
DINT
%MF100
REAL
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Using Other Data Types

Should other data types be assigned as the default data types of an address, this
must be done through an explicit declaration. This variable declaration takes place
comfortably using the variable editor. The data type of an address can not be
declared directly in an ST section (e.g. declaration AT %MW1: UINT; not permitted).
For example, the following variables are declared in the variable editor:
UnlocV1: ARRAY [1..10] OF INT;
LocV1:
ARRAY [1..10] OF INT AT %MW100;
LocV2:
TIME AT %MW100;
The following calls then have the correct syntax:
%MW200 := 5;
UnlocV1[2] := LocV1[%MW200];
LocV2
:= t#3s;
Accessing Field Variables
When accessing field variables (ARRAY), only literals and variables of the INT,
UINT, DINT and UDINT data types are permitted in the index entry.
The index of an ARRAY element can be negative if the lower threshold of the range
is negative.
Example: Using field variables
var1[i] := 8 ;
var2.otto[4] := var3 ;
var4[1+i+j*5] := 4 ;
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Operators
Introduction
An operator is a symbol for:
an arithmetic operation to be executed or
a logical operation to be executed or
a function edit (call)
Operators are generic, i.e. they adapt automatically to the data type of the operands.
Table of Operators
Operators are executed in sequence according to priority, see also Execution
Sequence, page 530.
ST programming language operators:
Operator
Meaning
Order of
rank
possible operands
Description
()
Use of
Brackets:
1 (highest)
Expression
Brackets are used to alter the execution

sequence of the operators.
Example: If the operands A, B, C and D
have the values 1, 2, 3, and 4,
A+B-C*D
has the result -9 and
(A+B-C)*D
has the result 0.
FUNCNAME Function
processing
(Actual
parameter - (call)
list)
Expression, Literal,
Variable, Address (all data
types)
Function processing is used to execute

functions (see Calling Elementary
Functions, page 560).
Negation
Variable, Address of Data
TypeINT, DINT or REAL
During negation - a sign reversal for the

value of the operand takes place.
Example: In the example OUT is -4 if IN1
is 4.
OUT := - IN1 ;
NOT
Complement
Type BOOL, BYTE, WORD or
DWORD
In NOT a bit by bit inversion of the operands

takes place.
Example: In the example OUT is
0011001100 if IN1 is 1100110011.
OUT := NOT IN1 ;
**
Exponentiation 4
TypeREAL (Basis) and
INT, DINT, UINT, UDINT
or REAL (Exponent)
In exponentiation, ** the value of the first

operand (basis) is raised to the power of the
second operand (exponent).
Example: In the example OUT is 625.0 if
IN1 is 5.0 and IN2 is 4.0.
OUT := IN1 ** IN2 ;
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Operator
Meaning
Order of
rank
possible operands
Description
Multiplication
TypeINT, DINT, UINT,
UDINT or REAL
In multiplication, * the value of the first

operand is multiplied by the value of the
second operand (exponent) .
Example: In the example OUT is 20.0 if IN1
is 5.0 and IN2 is 4.0.
OUT := IN1 * IN2 ;
Note: The MULTIME function in the
obsolete library is available for
multiplications involving the data type
Time.
Division
TypeINT, DINT, UINT,
UDINT or REAL
In division, / the value of the first operand is

divided by the value of the second operand.
Example: In the example OUT is 4.0 if IN1
is 20.0 and IN2 is 5.0.
OUT := IN1 / IN2 ;
Note: The DIVTIME function in the
obsolete library is available for divisions
involving the data type Time.
MOD
Modulo
Type INT, DINT, UINT or
UDINT
For MOD the value of the first operand is

divided by that of the second operand and
the remainder of the division (Modulo) is
displayed as the result.
OUT is 1 if IN1 is 7 and IN2 is 2
OUT is 1 if IN1 is 7 and IN2 is -2
OUT is -1 if IN1 is -7 and IN2 is 2
OUT is -1 if IN1 is -7 and IN2 is -2
OUT := IN1 MOD IN2 ;
Addition
Type INT, DINT, UINT,
UDINT, REAL or TIME
In addition, + the value of the first operand

is added to the value of the second
operand.
OUT is 9, if IN1 is 7 and IN2 is 2
OUT := IN1 + IN2 ;
Subtraction
Type INT, DINT, UINT,
UDINT, REAL or TIME
In subtraction, - the value of the second

operand is subtracted from the value of the
first operand.
Example: In the example OUT is 6 if IN1 is
10 and IN2 is 4.
OUT := IN1 - IN2 ;
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Operator
Meaning
Order of
rank
possible operands
Description
<
Less than
comparison
Type BOOL, BYTE, INT,
DINT, UINT, UDINT, REAL,
TIME, WORD, DWORD,
STRING, DT, DATE or TOD
The value of the first operand is compared

with the value of the second using <. If the
value of the first operand is less than the
value of the second, the result is a Boolean
1. If the value of the first operand is greater
than or equal to the value of the second, the
less than 10 and is otherwise 0.
OUT := IN1 < 10 ;
>
Greater than
comparison
TIME, WORD, DWORD,

with the value of the second using >. If the
value of the first operand is greater than the
1. If the value of the first operand is less
greater than 10, and is 0 if IN1 is less
than 0.
OUT := IN1 > 10 ;
<=
Less than or
equal to
comparison
TIME, WORD, DWORD,

with the value of the second operand using
<=. If the value of the first operand is less
result is a Boolean 1. If the value of the first
operand is greater than the value of the
second, the result is a Boolean 0.
less than or equal to 10, and otherwise is 0.
OUT := IN1 <= 10 ;
>=
Greater than or 7
equal to
comparison
TIME, WORD, DWORD,

>=. If the value of the first operand is
greater than or equal to the value of the
second, the result is a Boolean 1. If the
value of the first operand is less than the
value of the second, the result is a
Boolean 0.
greater than or equal to 10, and otherwise
is 0.
OUT := IN1 >= 10 ;
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Operator
Meaning
Order of
rank
possible operands
Description
Equality
TIME, WORD, DWORD,

=. If the value of the first operand is equal to
the value of the second, the result is a
Boolean 1. If the value of the first operand
is not equal to the value of the second, the
equal to 10 and is otherwise 0.
OUT := IN1 = 10 ;
<>
Inequality
TIME, WORD, DWORD,

with the value of the second using <>. If the
value of the first operand is not equal to the
1. If the value of the first operand is equal to
the value of the second, the result is a
Boolean 0.
not equal to 10 and is otherwise 0.
OUT := IN1 <> 10 ;
&
Logical AND
DWORD
With &, there is a logical AND link between

the operands. In the case of BYTE, WORD
and DWORD data types, the link is made bit
by bit.
Example: In the examples OUT is 1 if IN1,
IN2 and IN3 are 1.
OUT := IN1 & IN2 & IN3 ;
AND
Logical AND
DWORD
With AND, there is a logical AND link

between the operands. In the case of BYTE,
WORD and DWORD data types, the link is
made bit by bit.
Example: In the examples OUT is 1 if IN1,
IN2 and IN3 are 1.
OUT := IN1 AND IN2 AND IN3 ;
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537
Operator
Meaning
Order of
rank
possible operands
Description
XOR
Logical
Exclusive OR
10
DWORD
With XOR, there is a logical Exclusive OR

link between the operations. In the case of
BYTE, WORD and DWORD data types, the link
is made bit by bit.
Example: In the example OUT is 1 if IN1
and IN2 are not equal. If A and B have the
same status (both 0 or 1), D is 0.
OUT := IN1 XOR IN2 ;
If more than two operands are linked, the
result with an uneven number of 1-states is
1, and is 0 with an even number of 1-states.
Example: In the example OUT is 1 if 1 or 3
operands are 1. OUT is 0 if 0, 2 or 4
operands are 1.
OUT := IN1 XOR IN2 XOR IN3 XOR
IN4 ;
OR
Logical OR
11 (lowest)
DWORD
With OR, there is a logical OR link between

the operands. With the BYTE and WORD,
DWORD data types, the link is made bit by bit.
Example: In the example OUT is 1 if IN1,
IN2 or IN3 is 1.
OUT := IN1 OR IN2 OR IN3 ;
538
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15.2
Instructions
Overview
This section describes the instructions for the programming language of structured
text ST.
Topic
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Page
Instructions
540
Assignment
541
Select Instruction IF...THEN...END_IF
544
Select Instruction ELSE
545
Select Instruction ELSIF...THEN
546
Select Instruction CASE...OF...END_CASE
547
Repeat Instruction FOR...TO...BY...DO...END_FOR
548
Repeat Instruction WHILE...DO...END_WHILE
551
Repeat Instruction REPEAT...UNTIL...END_REPEAT
552
Repeat Instruction EXIT
553
Subroutine Call
554
RETURN
555
Empty Instruction
556
Labels and Jumps
557
Comment
558
539
Instructions
Description
Instructions are the "Commands" of the ST programming language.
Instructions must be terminated with semicolons.
Several instructions (separated by semicolons) can be present in one line.
A single semicolon represents an Empty instruction (see page 556).
540
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Assignment
Introduction
When an assignment is performed, the current value of a single or multi-element
variable is replaced by the result of the evaluation of the expression.
An assignment consists of a variable specification on the left side, followed by the
assignment operator :=, followed by the expression to be evaluated.
Both variables (left and right sides of the assignment operator) must have the same
data type.
Arrays are a special case. After being explicitly enabled, assignment of two arrays
with different lengths can be made.
Assigning the Value of a Variable to Another Variable
Assignments are used to assign the value of a variable to another variable.
The instruction
A := B ;
is used, for example, to replace the value of the variable A with the current value of
variable B. If A and B are elementary data types, the individual value of B is passed
to A. If A and B are derived data types, the values of all B elements are passed to A.
Assigning the Value of a Literal to a Variable
Assignments are used to assign a literal to variables.
The instruction
C := 25 ;
is used, for example, to assign the value 25 to the variable C.
Assigning the Value of an Operation to a Variable
Assignments are used to assign to a variable a value which is the result of an
operation.
The instruction
X := (A+B-C)*D ;
is used, for example, to assign the result of the operation (A+B-C)*D to the variable
X.
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541
Assigning the Value of an FFB to a Variable

Assignments are used to assign a value returned by a function or a function block to
a variable.
The instruction
B := MOD(C,A) ;
is used, for example, to call the MOD (Modulo) function and assign the result of the
calculation to the variable B.
The instruction
A := MY_TON.Q ;
is used, for example, to assign the value of the Q output of the MY_TON function block
(instance of the TON function block) to the variable A. (This is not a function block
call) )
Multiple Assignments
Multiple assignments are a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be enabled
explicitly.
Even after being enabled, multiple assignments are NOT allowed in the following
cases:
in the parameter list for a function block call
in the element list to initialize structured variables
The instruction
X := Y := Z
is allowed.
The instructions
FB(in1 := 1, In2 := In3 := 2) ;
and
strucVar := (comp1 := 1, comp2 := comp3 := 2) ;
are not allowed.
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Assignments between Arrays and WORD-/DWORD Variables

Assignments between arrays and WORD-/DWORD variables are only possible if a type
conversion has previously been carried out, e.g.:
%Q3.0:16 := INT_TO_AR_BOOL(%MW20) ;
The following conversion functions are available (General Library, family Array):
MOVE_BOOL_AREBOOL
MOVE_WORD_ARWORD
MOVE_DWORD_ARDWORD
MOVE_INT_ARINT
MOVE_DINT_ARDINT
MOVE_REAL_ARREAL
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543
Select Instruction IF...THEN...END_IF

Description
The IF instruction determines that an instruction or a group of instructions will only
be executed if its related Boolean expression has the value 1 (true). If the condition
is 0 (false), the instruction or the instruction group will not be executed.
The THEN instruction identifies the end of the condition and the beginning of the
instruction(s).
The END_IF instruction marks the end of the instruction(s).
NOTE: Any number of IF...THEN...END_IF instructions may be nested to
generate complex selection instructions.
Example IF...THEN...END_IF
The condition can be expressed using a Boolean variable.
If FLAG is 1, the instructions will be executed; if FLAG is 0, they will not be executed.
IF FLAG THEN
C:=SIN(A) * COS(B) ;
B:=C - A ;
END_IF ;
The condition can be expressed using an operation that returns a Boolean result.
If A is greater than B, the instructions will be executed; if A is less than or equal to B,
they will not be executed.
IF A>B THEN
B:=C - A ;
END_IF ;
Example IF NOT...THEN...END_IF
The condition can be inverted using NOT (execution of both instructions at 0).
IF NOT FLAG THEN
C:=SIN_REAL(A) * COS_REAL(B) ;
B:=C - A ;
END_IF ;
See Also
ELSE (see page 545)
ELSIF (see page 546)
544
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Select Instruction ELSE

Description
The ELSE instruction always comes after an IF...THEN, ELSIF...THEN or CASE
instruction.
If the ELSE instruction comes after an IF or ELSIF instruction, the instruction or
group of instructions will only be executed if the associated Boolean expressions of
the IF and ELSIF instruction are 0 (false). If the condition of the IF or ELSIF
instruction is 1 (true), the instruction or group of instructions will not be executed.
If the ELSE instruction comes after CASE, the instruction or group of instructions will
only be executed if no tag contains the value of the selector. If an identification
contains the value of the selector, the instruction or group of instructions will not be
executed.
NOTE: Any number of IF...THEN...ELSE...END_IF instructions may be
nested to generate complex selection instructions.
Example ELSE
IF A>B THEN
B:=C - A ;
ELSE
C:=A + B ;
B:=C * A ;
END_IF ;
See Also
IF (see page 544)
ELSIF (see page 546)
CASE (see page 547)
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545
Select Instruction ELSIF...THEN

Description
The ELSE instruction always comes after an IF...THEN instruction. The ELSIF
instruction determines that an instruction or group of instructions is only executed if
the associated Boolean expression for the IF instruction has the value 0 (false) and
the associated Boolean expression of the ELSIF instruction has the value 1 (true).
If the condition of the IF instruction is 1 (true) or the condition of the ELSIF
instruction is 0 (false), the command or group of commands will not be executed.
The THEN instruction identifies the end of the ELSIF condition(s) and the beginning
of the instruction(s).
NOTE: Any number of IF...THEN...ELSIF...THEN...END_IF instructions
may be nested to generate complex selection instructions.
Example ELSIF...THEN
IF A>B THEN
C:=SIN(A) *
B:=SUB(C,A)
ELSIF A=B THEN
C:=ADD(A,B)
B:=MUL(C,A)
END_IF ;
COS(B) ;
;
;
;
For Example Nested Instructions

IF A>B THEN
IF B=C THEN
ELSE
B:=SUB(C,A) ;
END_IF ;
ELSIF A=B THEN
C:=ADD(A,B) ;
B:=MUL(C,A) ;
ELSE
C:=DIV(A,B) ;
END_IF ;
See Also
IF (see page 544)
ELSE (see page 545)
546
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Select Instruction CASE...OF...END_CASE

Description
The CASE instruction consists of an INT data type expression (the "selector") and a
list of instruction groups. Each group is provided with a tag which consists of one or
several whole numbers (INT, DINT, UINT, UDINT) or ranges of whole number
values. The first group is executed by instructions, whose tag contains the
calculated value of the selector. Otherwise none of the instructions will be executed.
The OF instruction indicates the start of the tag.
An ELSE instruction may be carried out within the CASE instruction, whose
instructions are executed if no tag contains the selector value.
The END_CASE instruction marks the end of the instruction(s).
Example CASE...OF...END_CASE
ExampleCASE...OF...END_CASE
See Also
ELSE (see page 545)
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547
Repeat Instruction FOR...TO...BY...DO...END_FOR

Description
The FOR instruction is used when the number of occurrences can be determined in
advance. Otherwise WHILE (see page 551) or REPEAT (see page 552) are
used.
The FOR instruction repeats an instruction sequence until the END_FOR instruction.
The number of occurrences is determined by start value, end value and control
variable.
The control variable, initial value and end value must be of the same data type (DINT
or INT).
The control variable, initial value and end value can be changed by a repeated
instruction. This is a supplement to IEC 61131-3.
The FOR instruction increments the control variable value of one start value to an
end value. The increment value has the default value 1. If a different value is to be
used, it is possible to specify an explicit increment value (variable or constant). The
control variable value is checked before each new loop. If it is outside the start value
and end value range, the loop will be left.
Before running the loop for the first time a check is made to determine whether
incrementation of the control variables, starting from the initial value, is moving
toward the end value. If this is not the case (e.g. initial value end value and
negative increment), the loop will not be processed. The control variable value is not
defined outside of the loop.
The DO instruction identifies the end of the repeat definition and the beginning of the
instruction(s).
The occurrence may be terminated early using the EXIT. The END_FOR instruction
marks the end of the instruction(s).
Example: FOR with Increment 1
FOR with increment 1
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FOR with Increment not Equal to 1

If an increment other than 1 is to be used, it can be defined by BY. The increment,
the initial value, the end value and the control variable must be of the same data type
(DINT or INT). The criterion for the processing direction (forwards, backwards) is
the sign of the BY expression. If this expression is positive, the loop will run forward;
if it is negative, the loop will run backward.
Example: Counting forward in Two Steps
Counting forward in two steps
Example: Counting Backwards

Counting backwards
FOR i:= 10 TO 1 BY -1 DO (* BY < 0 : Backwards.loop *)
C:= C * COS(B) ; (* Instruction is executed 10 x *)
END_FOR ;
Example: "Unique" Loops
The loops in the example are run exactly once, as the initial value = end value. In
this context it does not matter whether the increment is positive or negative.
FOR i:= 10 TO 10 DO (* Unique Loop *)
C:= C * COS(B) ;
END_FOR ;
or
FOR i:= 10 TO 10 BY -1 DO (* Unique Loop *)
C:= C * COS(B) ;
END_FOR ;
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Example: Critical Loops

If the increment is j > 0 in the example, the instruction is executed.
If j < is 0, the instructions are not executed because the situation initial value < only
allows the end value to be incremented by 0.
If j = 0, the instructions are executed and an endless loop is created as the end
value will never be reached with an increment of 0.
FOR i:= 1 TO 10 BY j DO
C:= C * COS(B) ;
END_FOR ;
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Repeat Instruction WHILE...DO...END_WHILE

Description
The WHILE instruction has the effect that a sequence of instructions will be executed
repeatedly until its related Boolean expression is 0 (false). If the expression is false
right from the start, the group of instructions will not be executed at all.
The DO instruction identifies the end of the repeat definition and the beginning of the
instruction(s).
The occurrence may be terminated early using the EXIT.
The END_WHILE instruction marks the end of the instruction(s).
In the following cases WHILE may not be used as it can created an endless loop
which causes the program to crash:
WHILE may not be used for synchronization between processes, e.g. as a
"Waiting Loop" with an externally defined end condition.
WHILE may not be used in an algorithm, as the completion of the loop end
condition or execution of an EXIT instruction can not be guaranteed.
Example WHILE...DO...END_WHILE
x := 1;
WHILE x <= 100 DO
x := x + 4;
END_WHILE ;
See Also
EXIT (see page 553)
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551
Repeat Instruction REPEAT...UNTIL...END_REPEAT

Description
The REPEAT instruction has the effect that a sequence of instructions is executed
repeatedly (at least once), until its related Boolean condition is 1 (true).
The UNTIL instruction marks the end condition.
The occurrence may be terminated early using the EXIT.
The END_REPEAT instruction marks the end of the instruction(s).
In the following cases REPEAT may not be used as it can create an endless loop
which causes the program to crash:
REPEAT may not be used for synchronization between processes, e.g. as a
"Waiting Loop" with an externally defined end condition.
REPEAT may not be used in an algorithm, as the completion of the loop end
condition or execution of an EXIT instruction can not be guaranteed.
Example REPEAT...UNTIL...END_REPEAT
x := -1
REPEAT
x := x + 2
UNTIL x >= 101
END_REPEAT ;
See Also
EXIT (see page 553)
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Repeat Instruction EXIT

Description
The EXIT instruction is used to terminate repeat instructions (FOR, WHILE, REPEAT)
before the end condition has been met.
If the EXIT instruction is within a nested repetition, the innermost loop (in which
EXIT is situated) is left. Next, the first instruction following the loop end (END_FOR,
END_WHILE or END_REPEAT) is executed.
Example EXIT
If FLAG has the value 0, SUM will be 15 following the execution of the instructions.
If FLAG has the value 1, SUM will be 6 following the execution of the instructions.
SUM : = 0 ;
FOR I := 1 TO 3 DO
FOR J := 1 TO 2 DO
IF FLAG=1 THEN EXIT;
END_IF ;
SUM := SUM + J ;
END_FOR ;
SUM := SUM + I ;
END_FOR
See Also
CASE (see page 547)
WHILE (see page 551)
REPEAT (see page 552)
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Subroutine Call
Subroutine Call
A subroutine call consists of the name of the subroutine section followed by an
empty parameter list.
Subroutine calls do not return a value.
The subroutine to be called must be located in the same task as the ST section
called.
For example:
SubroutineName () ;
Subroutine calls are a supplement to IEC 61131-3 and must be enabled explicitly.
is enabled.
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RETURN
Description
RETURN instructions can be used in DFBs (derived function blocks) and in SRs
(subroutines).
RETURN instructions can not be used in the main program.
In a DFB, a RETURN instruction forces the return to the program which called the
DFB.
The rest of the DFB section containing the RETURN instruction is not executed.
The program which called the DFB will be executed after return from the DFB.
If the DFB is called by another DFB, the calling DFB will be executed after return.
In a SR, a RETURN instruction forces the return to the program which called the
SR.
The rest of the SR containing the RETURN instruction is not executed.
The program which called the SR will be executed after return from the SR.
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Empty Instruction
Description
A single semicolon ; represents an empty instruction.
For example,
IF x THEN ; ELSE ..
In this example, an empty instruction follows the THEN instruction. This means that
the program exits the IF instruction as soon as the IF condition is 1.
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Labels and Jumps

Introduction
Labels serve as destinations for jumps.
Jumps and labels in ST are a supplement to the IEC 61131-3 and must be enabled
explicitly.
Label Properties
Label properties:
Labels must always be the first element in a line.
Labels may only come before instructions of the first order (not in loops).
The name must be clear throughout the directory, and it is not upper/lower case
sensitive.
Labels must conform to the general naming conventions.
Labels are separated by a colon : from the following instruction.
Properties of Jumps
Properties of jumps
Jumps can be made within program and DFB sections.
Jumps are only possible in the current section.
Example
IF var1 THEN
JMP START;
:
:START: ...
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Comment
Description
In the ST editor, comments always start with the string (* and end in the string *).
Any comments can be entered between these character strings. Comments can be
entered in any position in the ST editor, except in keywords, literals, identifiers and
variables.
Nesting comments is not permitted according to IEC 61131-3. If comments are
nested nevertheless, then they must be enabled explicitly.
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15.3
Calling Elementary Functions, Elementary

Function Blocks, Derived Function Blocks and
Procedures
Overview
Calling Elementary Functions, Elementary Function Blocks, Derived Function
Blocks and Procedures in the ST programming language.
Topic
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Page
560
Call Elementary Function Block and Derived Function Block
566
Procedures
574
559

Elementary Functions
Elementary functions are provided in the form of libraries. The logic of the functions
is created in the programming language C and may not be modified in the ST editor.
Functions have no internal states. If the input values are the same, the value at the
output is the same for all executions of the function. For example, the addition of two
values gives the same result at every execution.
Some elementary functions can be extended to more than 2 inputs.
Elementary functions only have one return value (Output).
Parameters
"Inputs" and one "output" are required to transfer values to or from a function. These
The following can be used as actual parameters for function inputs:
Variable
Address
Literal
ST Expression
The following can be used as actual parameters for function outputs:

Variable
Address
Example:
Allowed:
AND (AnyBitParam := IntVar1, AnyBitParam2 := IntVar2);
Not allowed:
AND_WORD (WordParam1 := IntVar1, WordParam2 := IntVar2);
AND_ARRAY_WORD (ArrayInt, ...);
INT_ARR_TO_WORD_ARR (...);.
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Not all formal parameters must be assigned with a value. You can see which formal
parameter types must be assigned with a value in the following table.
Parameter type
EDT
STRING
ARRAY
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
STRUCT FB
ANY
Input
VAR_IN_OUT
Output
not applicable
value (0) is used.
Programming Notes
All generic functions are overloaded. This means the functions can be called with
or without entering the data type.
E.g.
i1 := ADD (i2, 3);
is identical to
i1 := ADD_INT (i2, 3);
Functions can be nested (see also Nesting Functions, page 564).
EN and ENO, page 564).
There are two ways of calling a function:
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561
Formal Call
With formal calls (calls with formal parameter names), the call consists of the actual
parameter of the output, followed by the assignment instruction :=, then the function
name and then by a bracketed list of value assignments (actual parameters) to the
formal parameter. The order in which the formal parameters are enumerated in a
function call is not significant.
With formal calls it is not necessary to assign a value to all formal parameters (see
also Parameters, page 560).
out:=LIMIT (MN:=0, IN:=var1) ;
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Informal Call
With informal calls (calls without formal parameter names), the call consists of the
actual parameter of the output, followed by the symbol of the assignment instruction
:=, then the function name and then by a bracketed list of the inputs actual
parameters. The order that the actual parameters are enumerated in a function call
is significant.
Calling a function without formal parameter names:
also Parameters, page 560).
An empty parameter field is used to skip a parameter.
out:=LIMIT ( ,var1, 5 + var) ;
at the end.
out:=LIMIT (0, var1) ;
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563
Nesting Functions
A function call can include the call of further functions. The nesting depth is not
limited.
Nested call of array function:
out:=LIMIT (MN:=4, IN:=MUL(IN1:=var1, IN2:=var2), MX:=5) ;
Functions that return a value of the ANY_ARRAY data type can not be used within
a function call.
Unauthorized nesting with ANY_ARRAY:
ANY_ARRAY is permitted as the return value of the function called or as a

parameter of the nested functions.
Authorized nesting with ANY_ARRAY:
EN and ENO
With all functions an EN input and an ENO output can be configured.
If the value of EN is equal to "0", when the function is called, the algorithms defined
by the function are not executed and ENO is set to "0".
If the value of EN is equal to "1", when the function is called, the algorithms which
are defined by the function are executed. After successful execution of these
algorithms, the value of ENO is set to "1". If an error occurs during execution of these
algorithms, ENO will be set to "0".
output of the function is set to "0".
The output behavior of the function does not depend on whether the function was
called up without EN/ENO or with EN=1.
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If EN/ENO are used, the function call must be formal.

out:=LIMIT (EN:=1, MN:=0, IN:=var1, MX:=5, ENO=>var2) ;
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565
Call Elementary Function Block and Derived Function Block

Elementary function blocks have internal states. If the inputs have the same values,
the value on the output can have another value during the individual operations. For
example, with a counter, the value on the output is incremented.
Function blocks can have several output values (outputs).
Derived function blocks (DFBs) have the same characteristics as elementary
function blocks. The user can create them in the programming languages FBD, LD,
IL, and/or ST.
Parameter
"Inputs and outputs" are required to transfer values to or from function blocks. These
The current process states are transferred to the formal parameters. They are called
actual parameters.
The following can be used as actual parameters for function block inputs:
Variable
Address
Literal
The following can be used as actual parameters for function block outputs:
Variable
Address
Example:
Allowed:
Not allowed:
INT_ARR_TO_WORD_ARR (...);.)
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Not all formal parameters must be assigned with a value. Which formal parameter
types must be assigned a value can be seen in the following table.
Parameter type
EDT
STRING
ARRAY
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
STRUCT FB
ANY
EFB: Input
EFB: VAR_IN_OUT +
EFB: Output
DFB: Input
DFB: VAR_IN_OUT +
DFB: Output
not applicable
value (0) is used.
If a formal parameter is not assigned with a value and the function block/DFB is
instanced more than once, then the following instances are run with the old value.
Public Variables
block.
The assignment of values to public variables is made via their initial values or
assignments.
Example:
Example:
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Private Variables
private variables.
table.
Programming Notes
Functions blocks are only executed if the input EN=1 or the EN input is not used
(see also EN and ENO, page 572).
The assignment of variables to ANY or ARRAY output types must be made using
the => operator (see also Formal Call, page 569).
Assignments cannot be made outside of the function block call.
The instruction
My_Var := My_SAH.OUT;
is invalid, if the output OUT of the SAH function block is of type ANY.
The instruction
Cal My_SAH (OUT=>My_Var);
is valid.
The use of function blocks consists of two parts in ST:
the Declaration (see page 568)
calling the function block
There are two ways of calling a function block:

Formal call (see page 569) (calling a function with formal parameter names)
This way variables can be assigned to outputs using the => operator.
Informal call (see page 570) (call without formal parameter names)
Function block/DFB instances can be called multiple times; other than instances
of communication EFBs, these can only be called once (see Multiple Function
Block Instance Call, page 571).
Declaration
Before calling a function block it must be declared in the variables editor.
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Formal Call
With formal calls (call with formal parameter names), the function block is called
using an instruction sequence made from the function blocks instance names that
follows a bracketed list of actual parameter assignments to the formal parameters.
Assign input formal parameters via :=Assignment and the assignment of the input
formal parameter using the := assignment. The sequence in which the input formal
parameters and output formal parameters are enumerated is not significant.
Calling a function block with formal parameter names:
Assigning the value of a function block output is made by entering the actual
parameter name, followed by the assignment instruction :=followed by the instance
name of the function block and loading the formal parameter of the function block
output (separated by a full-stop).
E.g.
MY_COUNT (CU:=var1, R:=reset, PV:=100 + value);
Q := MY_COUNT.out ;
CV := MY_COUNT.current ;
NOTE: Type Array DDTs cannot be assigned this way. However, Type Structure
DDTs may be assigned.
It is not necessary to assign a value to all formal parameters (see also Parameter,
page 566).
MY_COUNT (CU:=var1, R:=reset, Q=>out, CV=>current);
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Informal Call
With informal calls (call without Formal parameter names), the function block is
called using an instruction made from the function block instance names, followed
by a bracketed list of the actual parameters for the inputs and outputs. The order in
which the actual parameters are listed in a function block call is significant.
Calling a function block without formal parameter names:
also Parameter, page 566). This does not apply for VAR_IN_OUT variables, for input
parameters with dynamic lengths and outputs of type ANY. It must always be
assigned a variable.
MY_COUNT (var1, , 100 + value, out, current) ;
at the end.
MY_COUNT (var1, reset) ;
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Calling a Function Block without Inputs

Even if the function block has no inputs or the inputs are not to be parameterized,
the function block should be called before its outputs can be used. Otherwise the
initial values of the outputs will be transferred, i.e. "0".
E.g.
Calling the function block in ST:
MY_CLOCK () ;MY_COUNT (CU:=MY_CLOCK.CLK1, R:=reset, PV:=100,
Q=>out, CV=>current) ;

Function block/DFB instances can be called multiple times; other than instances of
communication EFBs, these can only be called once.
processing.
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EN and ENO
With all function blocks/DFBs, an EN input and an ENO output can be configured.
If the value of EN is equal to "0", when the function block/DFB is called, the
algorithms defined by the function block/DFB are not executed and ENO is set to "0".
If the value of EN is equal to "1", when the function block/DFB is invoked, the
algorithms which are defined by the function block/DFB will be executed. After the
algorithms have been executed successfully, the value of ENO is set to "1". If an error
occurred while executing the algorithms, ENO is set to "0".
If ENO is set to "0" (results from EN=0 or an error during execution), the outputs of
the function block/DFB retain the status from the last cycle in which they were
correctly executed.
The output behavior of the function blocks/DFBs does not depend on whether the
function blocks/DFBs are called without EN/ENO or with EN=1.
If EN/ENO are used, the function block call must be formal. The assignment of
variables to ENO must be made using the => operator.
MY_COUNT (EN:=1, CU:=var1, R:=reset, PV:=100 + value,
ENO=>error, Q=>out, CV=>current) ;
VAR_IN_OUT-Variable
process it and to restate the altered values of the same variable (output variables).
VAR_IN_OUT variables cannot be used outside of the function block call.
Calling a function block with VAR_IN_OUT variable in ST:
MY_FBLOCK(IN1:=V1, IN2:=V2, IO1:=V3, OUT1=>V4, OUT2=>V5);
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InOutFB.inout := V1;
Assigning the variables V1 to a VAR_IN_OUT parameter.

Error: The operation cannot be executed since the
VAR_IN_OUT parameter cannot be accessed outside of the

V1 := InOutFB.inout;
Assigning a VAR_IN_OUT parameter to the V1 variable.


InOutFB (inout:=V1);
Calling a function block with the VAR_IN_OUT parameter and

formal assignment of the actual parameter within the function
block call.

InOutFB (V1);
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Calling a function block with the VAR_IN_OUT parameter and

informal assignment of the actual parameter within the function
block call.
573
Procedures
Procedure
Procedures are provided in the form of libraries. The logic of the procedure is
created in the programming language C and may not be modified in the ST editor.
Procedures - like functions - have no internal states. If the input values are the same,
the value on the output is the same for all executions of the procedure. For example,
the addition of two values gives the same result at every execution.
In contrast to functions, procedures do not return a value and support VAR_IN_OUT
variables.
Parameter
"Inputs and outputs" are required to transfer values to or from procedures. These are
The following can be used as actual parameters for procedure inputs:
Variable
Address
Literal
ST Expression
The following can be used as actual parameters for procedure outputs:
Variable
Address
Example:
Allowed:
Not allowed:
INT_ARR_TO_WORD_ARR (...);.
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Not all formal parameters must be assigned with a value. You can see which formal
parameter types must be assigned with a value in the following table.
Parameter type
EDT
STRING
ARRAY
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
STRUCT FB
ANY
Input
VAR_IN_OUT
Output
not applicable
value (0) is used.
Programming Notes
Procedures are only executed if the input EN=1 or the EN input is not used (see
also EN and ENO, page 577).
There are two ways of calling a procedure:
Formal call (see page 575) (calling a function with formal parameter names)
This way variables can be assigned to outputs using the => operator.
Informal call (see page 576) (call without formal parameter names)
Formal Call
With formal calls (call with formal parameter names), the procedures are called
using an instruction sequence made from the procedure name, followed by a
bracketed list of actual parameter assignments to the formal parameters. The
the output formal parameter is made using the => assignment. The sequence in
which the input formal parameters and output formal parameters are enumerated is
not significant.
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575
With formal calls it is not necessary to assign a value to all formal parameters (see
also Parameter, page 574).
PROC (IN1:=var1, OUT1=>result1, OUT2=>result2);
Informal Call
With informal calls (call without formal parameter names), procedures are called
using an instruction made from the procedure name, followed by a bracketed list of
the inputs and outputs actual parameters. The order that the actual parameters are
enumerated in a procedure call is significant.
Calling a procedure without formal parameter names:
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also Parameter, page 574).
PROC (var1, , result1, result2) ;
at the end.
PROC (var1, var2, result1) ;
EN and ENO
With all procedures, an EN input and an ENO output can be configured.
If the value of EN is equal to "0", when the procedure is called, the algorithms defined
by the procedure are not executed and ENO is set to "0".
If the value of EN is "1" when the procedure is called, the algorithms defined by the
function are executed. After successful execution of these algorithms, the value of
ENO is set to "1". If an error occurs during execution of these algorithms, ENO will be
set to "0".
outputs of the procedure are set to "0".
The output behavior of the procedure does not depend on whether the function is
called without EN or with EN=1.
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If EN/ENO are used, the procedure call must be formal. The assignment of variables
to ENO must be made using the => operator.
PROC (EN:=1, IN1:=var1, IN2:=var2,
ENO=>error, OUT1=>result1, OUT2=>result2) ;
VAR_IN_OUT Variable
Procedures are often used to read a variable at an input (input variables), to process
it and to restate the altered values of the same variable (output variables). This
special type of input/output variable is also called a VAR_IN_OUT variable.
The following special features are to be noted when using procedures with
Calling a procedure with VAR_IN_OUT variable in ST:
PROC2 (IN1:=V1, IN2:=V2, IO1:=V3,
OUT1=>V4, OUT2=>V5) ;
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The following procedure calls are therefore invalid:

InOutProc.inout :=
V1;
Assigning the variables V1 to a VAR_IN_OUT parameter.

procedure call.

V1 :=
InOutProc.inout;
Assigning a VAR_IN_OUT parameter to the V1 variable.

procedure call.
The following procedure calls are always valid:

InOutProc
(inout:=V1);

procedure call.

InOutProc (V1);
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informal assignment of the actual parameter within the
procedure call.
579
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Unity Pro
DFB
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User Function Blocks (DFB)
V
In This Part
This part presents:
The user function blocks (DFB)

The internal structure of DFBs
Diagnostics DFBs
The types and instances of DFBs
The instance calls using different languages

Chapter
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Chapter Name
Page
16
Overview of User Function Blocks (DFB)
583
17
Description of User Function Blocks (DFB)
589
18
User Function Blocks (DFB) Instance
601
19
Use of the DFBs from the Different Programming Languages
607
20
User Diagnostics DFB
625
581
DFB
582
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Unity Pro
Overview of DFBs
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Overview of User Function Blocks

(DFB)
16

This chapter provides an overview of the user function blocks (DFB), and the
different steps in their implementation.
Topic
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Page
Introduction to User Function Blocks
584
Implementing a DFB Function Block
586
583
Overview of DFBs
Introduction to User Function Blocks

Introduction
Unity Pro software enables you to create DFB user function blocks, using
automation languages. A DFB is a program block that you write to meet the specific
requirements of your application. It includes:
one or more sections written in Ladder (LD), Instruction List (IL), Structured Text
(ST) or Functional Block Diagram (FBD) language
input/output parameters
public or private internal variables
Function blocks can be used to structure and optimize your application. They can be
used whenever a program sequence is repeated several times in your application,
or to set a standard programming operation (for example, an algorithm that controls
a motor, incorporating local safety requirements).
By exporting then importing these blocks, they can be used by a group of
programmers working on a single application or in different applications.
Benefits of Using a DFB
Using a DFB function block in an application enables you to:
simplify the design and entry of the program

increase the legibility of the program
facilitate the debugging of the application (all of the variables handled by the
function block are identified on its interface)
reduce the volume of code generated (the code that corresponds to the DFB is
only loaded once - however many calls are made to the DFB in the program, only
the data corresponding to the instances are generated)
Comparison with a Subroutine

Compared to a subroutine, using a DFB makes it possible to:
set processing parameters more easily

use internal variables that are specific to the DFB and therefore independent from
the application
test its operation independently from the application
Furthermore, LD and FBD languages provide a graphic view of the DFBs, facilitating
the design and debugging of your program.
DFB Created with Previous Software Versions
DFBs created using PL7 and Concept must first be converted using the converters
that come with the product, before being used in the application.
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Overview of DFBs
Domain of Use
The following table shows the domain of use for the DFBs.
Function
Domain
PLCs for which DFBs can be used.
Premium\Atrium and Quantum
DFB creation software
Unity Pro
Software with which DFBs can be used.
Unity Pro or Unity Pro Medium
Programming language for creating the DFB

code.
IL, ST, LD or FBD (1)
Programming language with which DFBs can be

used.
IL, ST, LD or FBD (1)
(1) IL: Instruction List , ST: Structured Text, LD: LaDder, FBD: Functional Block
Diagram language.
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Overview of DFBs
Implementing a DFB Function Block

Implementation Procedure
There are 3 steps in the DFB function block implementation procedure:
Step
Action
Create your DFB model (called: DFB type).
Create a copy of this function block, called an instance, every time the DFB is
used in the application.
Use the DFB instances in your application program.
Creation of the DFB Type

This operation consists in designing a model of the DFB you want to use in your
application. To do this, use the DFB editor to define and code all the elements that
make up the DFB:
Description of the function block: name, type (DFB), activation of diagnostics,

comment.
Structure of the function block: parameters, variables, code sections.
NOTE: If you use a DFB that is already in the User-Defined Library and modify it,
the new modified type will be used for any additional instances in the open project.
However, the User-Defined Library remains unchanged.
Description of a DFB Type
The following diagram shows a graphic representation of a DFB model.
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Overview of DFBs
The function block comprises the following elements:
Name: name of the DFB type (max. 32 characters). This name must be unique in
the libraries, the authorized characters used depend on the choice made in the
Identifiers area of the Language extensions tab in the Project Settings
(see Unity Pro, Operating Modes):
Inputs: input parameters (excluding input/output parameters).
Outputs: output parameters (excluding input/output parameters).
Inputs/Outputs: input/output parameters.
Public variables: internal variables accessible by the application program.
Private variables: nested internal variables or DFBs, not accessible by the
application program.
Sections: DFB code sections in LD, IL, ST or FBD.
Comment of a maximum of 1024 characters. Formatting characters (carriage
return, tab, etc.) are not authorized.
For each type of DFB, a descriptive file is also accessible via a dialog box: size of
the DFB, number of parameters and variables, version number, date of last
modification, protection level, etc.
Online Help for DFB Types
It is possible to link an HTML help file to each DFB in the User-Defined Library. This
file must:
Have a name that is identical to the linked DFB,
Be located in the directory \Schneider
Electric\FFBLibset\CustomLib\MyCustomFam\ Language (where Language is
named Eng, Fre, Ger, Ita, Spa or Chs according to the language desired).
Creation of a DFB Instance
Once the DFB type is created, you can define an instance of this DFB via the
variable editor or when the function is called in the program editor.
Use of DFB Instances
A DFB instance is used as follows
as a standard function block in Ladder (LD) or Functional Block Diagram (FBD)

language,
as an elementary function in Structured Text (ST) or Instruction List (IL)
language.
A DFB instance can be used in all application program tasks, except event tasks and
Sequential Function Chart (SFC) transitions.
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Overview of DFBs
Storage
The DFB types the user creates can be stored (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes) in
the function and function block library.
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Description of DFBs
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Description of User Function

Blocks (DFB)
17

This chapter provides an overview of the different elements that make up the user
function blocks.
Topic
Definition of DFB Function Block Internal Data
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Page
590
DFB Parameters
592
DFB Variables
596
DFB Code Section
598
589
Description of DFBs
Definition of DFB Function Block Internal Data

At a Glance
There are two types of DFB internal data:
The parameters: Input, Output or Input/Output.
Public or Private variables.
The internal data of the DFB must be defined using symbols (this data cannot be
addressed as an address).
Elements to Define for Each Parameter
When the function block is created, the following must be defined for each
parameter:
Name: Name of DFB type (max. 32 characters). This name must be unique in the
libraries; the authorized characters used depend on the choice made in the
Identifiers area of the Language extensions tab in Project Settings (see Unity
Pro, Operating Modes):
A type of object (BOOL, INT, REAL, etc.).
A comment of a maximum of 1024 characters (optional). Formatting characters
(carriage return, tab, etc.) are not allowed.
An initial value.
The read/write attribute that defines whether the variable may or may not be
written in runtime: R (read only) or R/W (read/write). This attribute must only be
defined for public variables.
The backup attribute that defines whether the variable may or may not be saved.
Types of Objects
The types of objects that may be defined for the DFB parameters belong to the
following families:
Elementary data family: EDT. This family includes the following object types:
Boolean (BOOL, EBOOL), Integer (INT, DINT, etc.), Real (REAL), Character
string (STRING), Bit string (BYTE, WORD, etc.), etc.
Derived data family: DDT. This family includes table (ARRAY) and structure (user
or IODDT) object types.
Generic data families: ANY_ARRAY_xxx.
The function block family: FB. This family includes EFB and DFB object types.
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Description of DFBs
Authorized Objects for the Different Parameters

For performances reasons, the addressing mode of the DFB parameters must be
transferred by address for the following object families
Inputs
Inputs/Outputs
Outputs
The addressing mode of a Function Block element is linked to the element type. The
addressing modes are passed by:
Value (VAL)
Relocation table entry (RTE)
Logical address: RTE+Offset (L-ADR)
Logical address and number of elements (L-ADR-LG)
IO channel structure (IOCHS)
For each of the DFB parameters, the following object families may be used with its
associated addressing modes:
Object
families
EDT
Inputs
VAL
Inputs/out
puts
(2)
L-ADR
STRING
Anonymous
or DDT array
DDT (1)
IODDT
GDT:
ANY_ARRAY_x
FB
ANY...
L-ADR-LG
L-ADR-LG
L-ADR
No
L-ADR-LG
No
L-ADR-LG
L-ADR-LG
L-ADR-LG
L-ADR
IOCHS (see L-ADR-LG

page 611)
No
L-ADR-LG
Outputs
VAL
VAL
L-ADR-LG
VAL
No
L-ADR-LG
No
L-ADR-LG
Public
variables
VAL
VAL
VAL
VAL
No
No
No
No
Private
variables
VAL
VAL
VAL
VAL
No
No
RTE No
Key:
(1)
Derived data family, except input/output derived data types (IODDT).
(2)
Except for EBOOL-type static variables, with Quantum PLCs.
CAUTION
UNEXPECTED APPLICATION BEHAVIOR - ARRAY INDEX
Take into account the shift of the index for ARRAY variables that have a not null
start index on ANY_ARRAY_x entry (the shift equals the start index value).
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Description of DFBs
DFB Parameters
Illustration
This illustration shows some examples of DFB parameters
Description of the Parameters

This table shows the role of each parameter
Parameter
Maximum
number
Role
Inputs
32 (1)
These parameters can be used to transfer the values of the

application program to the internal program of the DFB. They are
accessible in read-only by the DFB, but are not accessible by the
application program.
Outputs
32 (2)
These parameters can be used to transfer the values of the DFB

to the application program. They are accessible for reading by
the application program except for ARRAY-type parameters.
Inputs/
Outputs
32
These parameters may be used to transfer data from the

application program to the DFB, which can then modify it and
return it to the application program. These parameters are not
accessible by the application program.
Legend:
(1) Number of inputs + Number of inputs/outputs less than or equal to 32
(2) Number of outputs + Number of inputs/outputs less than or equal to 32
NOTE: The IODDT related to CANopen devices for Modicon M340 cannot be used
as a DFB I/O parameter. During the analyse/build step of a project, the following
message:"This IODDT cannot be used as a DFB parameter" advises the limitations
to the user.
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Description of DFBs
Parameters that Can Be Accessed by the Application Program

The only parameters that can be accessed by the application program outside the
call are output parameters. To make this possible, the following syntax must be used
in the program: DFB_Name.Parameter_name
DFB_Name represents the name of the instance of the DFB used (maximum of 32
characters).
Parameter_Name represents the name of the output parameter (maximum 32
characters).
Example: Control.Accel indicates the output Accel of the DFB instance called
Control
EN and ENO Parameters
EN is an input parameter, and ENO is an output parameter. They are both of BOOL
type, and may or may not be used (optional) in the definition of a DFB type.
Where the user wishes to use these parameters, the editor sets them automatically:
EN is the first input parameter and ENO the first output parameter.
Example of implementation of EN\ENO parameters.
If the EN input parameter of an instance is assigned the value 0 (FALSE), then:
the section(s) that make up the code of the DFB is/are not executed (this is
managed by the system),
the ENO output parameter is set to 0 (FALSE) by the system.
If the EN input parameter of an instance is assigned the value 1 (TRUE), then:
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the section(s) that make up the code of the DFB is/are executed (this is managed
by the system),
the ENO output parameter is set to 1 (TRUE) by the system.
593
Description of DFBs
If an error is detected (for example a processing error) by the DFB instance, the user
has the option of setting the ENO output parameter to 0 (FALSE). In this case:
either the output parameters are frozen in the state they were in during the
previous process until the fault disappears,
or the user provides a function in the DFB code whereby the outputs are forced
to the required state until the fault disappears.
VAR_IN_OUT Variable
process it and to output the updated values of the same variable (output variables).
VAR_IN_OUT variables cannot be used outside the block call.
Calling a function block with a VAR_IN_OUT variable in IL:
CAL MY_FBLOCK(IN1:=V1, IN2:=V2, IO1:=V3,
OUT1=>V4, OUT2=>V5)

594
LD V1
CAL InOutFB
Calling a function block with the VAR_IN_OUT parameter.

The accumulator now contains a reference to a VAR_IN_OUT parameter.
AND V2
AND operation on accumulator contents and V2 variable.

Error: The operation cannot be performed since the VAR_IN_OUT
parameter (accumulator contents) cannot be accessed from outside the
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Description of DFBs

LD V1
AND InOutFB.inout
AND operation on accumulator contents and a reference to

a VAR_IN_OUT parameter.
VAR_IN_OUT parameter cannot be accessed from outside
the function block call.

CAL InOutFB
(IN1:=V1,inout:=V2
Calling a function block with the VAR_IN_OUT parameter

and assigning the actual parameter within the function
block call.
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LD V1
ST InOutFB.IN1
Assigning the accumulator contents to the IN1 parameter

of the IN1 function block.
CAL InOutFB(inout:=V2)
Calling the function block with assignment of the actual

parameter (V2) to the VAR_IN_OUT parameter.
595
Description of DFBs
DFB Variables
Description of the Variables
This table shows the role of each type of variable.
Variable
Maximum
number
Role
Public
unlimited
These internal variables of the DFB may be used by the DFB, by

the application program and by the user in adjust mode.
Private
unlimited
These internal variables of the DFB can only be used by this

function block, and are therefore not accessible by the application
program, but these type of variables can be accessed by the
animation table.
These variables are generally necessary to the programming of
the block, but are of no interest to the user (for example, the result
of an intermediate calculation, etc.).
table.
Variables that Can Be Accessed by the Application Program
The only variables that can be accessed by the application program are public
variables. To make this possible, the following syntax must be used in the program:
DFB_Name.Variable_Name
DFB_Name represents the name of the instance of the DFB used (maximum of 32
characters),
Variable_Name represents the name of the public variable (maximum of 8
characters).
Example: Control.Gain indicates the public variable Gain of the DFB instance
called Control
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Description of DFBs
Saving Public Variables

Setting the %S94 system bit to 1 causes the public variables you have modified to
be saved by program or by adjustment, in place of the initial values of these
variables (defined in the DFB instances).
Replacement is only possible if the backup attribute is correctly set for the variable.
NOTICE
APPLICATION UPLOAD NOT SUCCESSFUL
The bit %S94 must not be set to 1 during an upload.
If the bit %S94 is set to 1 upload then the upload may be impossible.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.
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Description of DFBs
DFB Code Section

General
The code section(s) define(s) the process the DFB is to carry out, as a function of
the declared parameters.
If the IEC option is set, a single section may be attached to the DFB. Otherwise, a
DFB may contain several code sections; the number of sections being unlimited.
To program DFB sections, you can use the following languages:

Ladder language (LD)
Functional Block Diagram (FBD)
Defining a Section
A section is defined by:
a symbolic name that identifies the section (maximum of 32 characters)

a validation condition that defines the execution of the section
a comment (maximum of 256 characters)
a protection attribute (no protection, write-protected section, read/write-protected
section)
Programming Rules
When executed, a DFB section can only use the parameters you have defined for
the function block (input, output and input/output parameters and internal variables).
Consequently, a DFB function block cannot use either the global variables of the
application, or the input/output objects, except the system words and bits (%Si,
%SWi and %SDi).
A DFB section has maximum access rights (read and write) for its parameters.
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Description of DFBs
Example of Code
The following program provides an example of Structured Text code
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Description of DFBs
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DFB instance
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User Function Blocks (DFB)

Instance
18

This chapter provides an overview of the creation of a DFB instance, and its
execution.
Topic
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602
Execution of a DFB Instance
603
Programming Example for a Derived Function Block (DFB)
604
601
DFB instance

DFB Instance
A DFB instance is a copy of the DFB model (DFB type):
It uses the DFB type code (the code is not duplicated).

It creates a data zone specific to this instance, which is a copy of the parameters
and variables of the DFB type. This zone is situated in the applications data area.
You must identify each DFB instance you create with a name of a maximum 32
characters, the authorized characters used depend on the choice made in the
Identifiers area of the Language extensions tab in the Project Settings
The first character must be a letter! Keywords and symbols are prohibited.
Creation of an Instance
From a DFB type, you can create as many instances as necessary; the only
limitation is the size of the PLC memory.
Initial Values
The initial values of the parameters and public variables that you defined when
creating the DFB type can be modified for each DFB instance.
Not all DFB parameters have an initial value.
Modification of the initial values of the elements in the DFB instances
EDT (except String
String type) Type
EDT
DDT
structure
FB
ANY_ARRAY IODDT
ANY_...
Inputs
Yes
No
No
No
No
Input/Output
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Outputs
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Public variables
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Private Variables
No
No
No
No
No
No
Modification of the initial values of the elements in the DFB type

EDT (except
String type)
String
Type
EDT
DDT
FB
structure
ANY_ARRAY
IODDT
ANY_...
Inputs
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Input/Output
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Outputs
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Public variables
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Private Variables
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
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DFB instance
Execution of a DFB Instance

Operation
A DFB instance is executed as follows.
Step
Action
Loading the values in the input and input/output parameters. On initialization

(or on cold restart), all non-assigned inputs take the initial value defined in the
DFB type. They then keep the last value assigned to them.
Execution of the internal program of the DFB.
Writing the output parameters.
NOTE: The internal variables of DFBs are not reinitialized when using Build project
online command after an input modification. To reinitialize all internal variables use
Rebuild all project command.
Debugging of DFBs
The Unity Pro software offers several DFB debugging tools:
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animation table: all parameters, and public and private variables are displayed
and animated in real-time. Objects may be modified and forced
breakpoint, step by step and program diagnostics
runtime screens: for unitary debugging
603
DFB instance
Programming Example for a Derived Function Block (DFB)

General
This example of programming a counter using a DFB is provided for instruction
purposes.
Characteristics of the DFB Type
The DFB type used to create the counter is as follows.
The elements of the Cpt_parts DFB type are as follows.
604
Elements
Description
Name of the DFB type
Cpt_parts
Input parameters
Reset: counter reset (EBOOL type)

Presel: Preset value of the counter (DINT type)
Count: upcounter input (EBOOL type)
Output parameters
Done: preset value reached output (BOOL type)
Public internal variable
V_cour: current value of the counter (DINT type)
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DFB instance
Operation of the Counter

The operation of the counter must be as follows.
Phase
Description
The DFB counts the rising edges on the Count input.
The number of edges it counts is then stored by the variable V_cour. This
variable is reset by a rising edge on the Reset input.
When the number of edges counted is equal to the preset value, the Done output
is set to 1. This variable is reset by a rising edge on the Reset input.
Internal Program of the DFB

The internal program of the DFB type Cpt_parts is defined in Structured Text as
follows.
Example of Use
Let us suppose your application needs to count 3 part types (for example, bolts, nuts
and screws). The DFB type Cpt_parts can be used three times (3 instances) to
perform these different counts.
The number of parts to be procured for each type is defined in the words %MD10,
%MD12 and %MD14 respectively. When the number of parts is reached, the
counter sends a command to an output (%Q1.2.1, %Q1.2.2 or %Q1.2.3) which then
stops the procurement system for the corresponding parts.
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DFB instance
The application program is entered in Ladder language as follows. The 3 DFBs

(instances) Cpt_bolts, Cpt_nuts and Cpt_screws are used to count the
different parts.
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Use of DFBs
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Use of the DFBs from the Different

19

This chapter provides an overview of DFB instance calls made using the different
programming languages.
Topic
Rules for Using DFBs in a Program
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Page
608
Use of IODDTs in a DFB
611
Use of a DFB in a Ladder Language Program
614
Use of a DFB in a Structured Text Language Program
616
Use of a DFB in an Instruction List Program
619
Use of a DFB in a Program in Function Block Diagram Language
623
607
Use of DFBs
Rules for Using DFBs in a Program

General
DFB instances can be used in all languages [Instruction List (IL), Structured Text
(ST), Ladder (LD) and Function Block Diagram (FBD)] and in all the tasks of the
application program (sections, subroutine, etc.), except for SFC program transition.
General Rules of Use
When using a DFB, you must comply with the following rules for whatever language
is being used:
It is not necessary to connect all the input, input/output or output parameters,

except the following parameters, which it is compulsory for you to assign:
generic data-type input parameters (ANY_INT, ANY_ARRAY, etc.)
input/output parameters
generic data-type output parameters (other than tables) (ANY_INT,
ANY_REAL, etc.)
STRING-type input parameters
unconnected input parameters keep the value of the previous call or the
initialization value defined for these parameters, if the block has never been
called
all of the objects assigned to the input, input/output and output parameters must
be of the same type as those defined when the DFB type was created (for
example: if the type INT is defined for the input parameter "speed", then you
cannot assign it the type DINT or REAL)
The only exceptions are BOOL and EBOOL types for input and output
parameters (not for input/output parameters), which can be mixed.
Example: The input parameter "Validation" may be defined as BOOL and
associated with a %Mi internal bit of type EBOOL. However, in the internal code
of the DFB type, the input parameter actually has BOOL-type properties (it cannot
manage edges).
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Use of DFBs
Assignment of Parameters
The following table summarizes the different possibilities for assigning parameters
in the different programming languages.
Parameter
Type
Assignment of the parameter (1) Assignment
Inputs
EDT (2)
Connected, value, object or

expression
Optional (3)
BOOL
Connected, value, object or

expression
Optional
DDT
Connected, value or object
Compulsory
Inputs/outputs
Outputs
ANY_...
Connected or object
Compulsory
ANY_ARRAY
Connected or object
Compulsory
EDT
Connected or object
Compulsory
DDT
Connected or object
Compulsory
IODDT
Connected or object
Compulsory
ANY_...
Connected or object
Compulsory
ANY_ARRAY
Connected or object
Compulsory
EDT
Connected or object
Optional
DDT
Connected or object
Optional
ANY_...
Connected or object
Compulsory
ANY_ARRAY
Connected or object
Optional
(1) Connected in Ladder (LD) or Function Block Diagram (FBD) language. Value or
object in Instruction List (IL) or Structured Text (ST) language.
(2) Except BOOL-type parameters
(3) Except for STRING-type parameters that is compulsory.
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Use of DFBs
Rules when using DFBs with arrays
WARNING
UNEXPECTED EQUIPMENT OPERATION
Check the size of arrays when copying from source into target arrays using DFBs.
equipment damage.
When using dynamic arrays, it is mandatory to check the sizes of arrays that are
identical. In specific case, using dynamic arrays as an output or input/output, an
overflow could lead to improper execution of the program and stop of the PLC.
This behavior occurs if the following conditions are fulfilled simultaneously:
Use of a DFB with at least one output or I/O parameter of dynamic array type
(ANY_ARRAY_XXX).
In the coding of a DFB, use of a function or function block (FFB of type FIFO,
LIFO, MOVE, MVX, T2T, SAH or SEL). Note that, the function or FFB needs two
ANY type parameters with at least one defined on the output.
The DFB parameter of the dynamic array is used in writting during the FFB call
(on the ANY type parameter). For other ANY parameters, an array with a fixed
size is used.
The size of the fixed size array is bigger than the size of the dynamic array
calculated to store the result.
Example for checking the size of arrays

The following example shows how to check the size of arrays using the function
LENGTH_ARWORD in a DFB.
In this example, Table_1 is an array with a fixed size, Table_2 is a dynamic array
of type ANY_ARRAY_WORD. This program checks the size of each array. The
functions LENGTH_ARWORD compute the size of each array in order to condition the
execution of the MOVE function.
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Use of DFBs
Use of IODDTs in a DFB

At a Glance
The following tables present the different IODDTs for the Modicon M340, Premium
and Quantum PLCs that can be used in a DFB (exclusively as input/output
(see page 591)) parameters.
IOODT that Can Be Used in a DFB
The following table lists the IODDTs of the differente application for Modicon M340,
Premium and Quantum PLCs that can be used in a DFB .
IODDT families
Modicon M340
Premium
Quantum
Discrete application
T_DIS_IN_GEN
No
No
No
T_DIS_IN_STD
No
No
No
T_DIS_EVT
No
No
No
T_DIS_OUT_GEN
No
No
No
T_DIS_OUT_STD
No
No
No
T_DIS_OUT_REFLEX
No
No
No
T_ANA_IN_GEN
No
No
No
T_ANA_IN_STD
No
No
No
T_ANA_IN_CTRL
No
Yes
No
Analog application
T_ANA_IN_EVT
No
Yes
No
T_ANA_OUT_GEN
No
No
No
T_ANA_OUT_STD
No
No
No
T_ANA_IN_BMX
Yes
No
No
T_ANA_IN_T_BMX
Yes
No
No
T_ANA_OUT_BMX
Yes
No
No
T_ANA_IN_VE
No
No
No
T_ANA_IN_VWE
No
No
No
T_ANA_BI_VWE
No
No
No
T_ANA_BI_IN_VWE
No
No
No
T_COUNT_ACQ
No
Yes
No
T_COUNT_HIGH_SPEED
No
Yes
No
T_COUNT_STD
No
Yes
No
Counting application
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Use of DFBs
IODDT families
Modicon M340
Premium
Quantum
T_SIGN_CPT_BMX
Yes
No
No
T_UNSIGN_CPT_BMX
Yes
No
No
T_CNT_105
No
No
No
Electronic cam application

T_CCY_GROUP0
No
No
No
T_CCY_GROUP1_2_3
No
No
No
T_AXIS_AUTO
No
Yes
No
T_AXIS_STD
No
Yes
No
T_INTERPO_STD
No
Yes
No
T_STEPPER_STD
No
Yes
No
Axis control application
Sercos application
T_CSY_CMD
No
Yes
No
T_CSY_TRF
No
Yes
No
T_CSY_RING
No
Yes
No
T_CSY_IND
No
Yes
No
T_CSY_FOLLOW
No
Yes
No
T_CSY_COORD
No
Yes
No
T_CSY_CAM
No
Yes
No
T_COM_STS_GEN
Yes
Yes
No
T_COM_UTW_M
No
Yes
No
T_COM_UTW_S
No
Yes
No
T_COM_MB
No
Yes
No
T_COM_CHAR
No
Yes
No
T_COM_FPW
No
Yes
No
T_COM_MBP
No
Yes
No
T_COM_JNET
No
Yes
No
Communication application
612
T_COM_ASI
No
Yes
No
T_COM_ETY_1X0
No
Yes
No
T_COM_ETY_210
No
Yes
No
T_COM_IBS_128
No
Yes
No
T_COM_IBS_242
No
Yes
No
T_COM_PBY
No
Yes
No
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Use of DFBs
IODDT families
Modicon M340
Premium
Quantum
T_COM_CPP100
No
Yes
No
T_COM_ETYX103
No
Yes
No
T_COM_ETHCOPRO
No
Yes
No
T_COM_MB_BMX
Yes
No
No
T_COM_CHAR_BMX
Yes
No
No
T_COM_CO_BMX
Yes
No
No
T_COM_ETH_BMX
Yes
No
No
Adjustment application
T_PROC_PLOOP
No
Yes
No
T_PROC_3SING_LOOP
No
Yes
No
T_PROC_CASC_LOOP
No
Yes
No
T_PROC_SPP
No
Yes
No
T_PROC_CONST_LOOP
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Weiging application
T_WEIGHING_ISPY101
Common to all applications
T_GEN_MOD
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Use of DFBs
Use of a DFB in a Ladder Language Program

Principle
In Ladder language, there are two possible ways of calling a DFB function block:
via a textual call in an operation block in which the syntax and constraints on the
parameters are identical to those of Structured Text language
via a graphic call
The inputs of the function blocks may be connected or assigned a value, an object
or an expression. In any case, the type of external element (value, evaluation of the
expression, etc.) must be identical to that of the input parameter.
A DFB block must have at least one connected Boolean input and an output (if
necessary). For this you may use the EN input parameters and the ENO output
parameter (see the description of these parameters below).
It is compulsory to connect or assign the ANY_ARRAY-type inputs, the generic datatype outputs (ANY_...) and the input/outputs of a DFB block.
Graphic Representation of a DFB Block
The following illustration shows a simple DFB programming example.
614
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Use of DFBs
Elements of the DFB Block

The following table lists the different elements of the DFB block, labeled in the above
illustration.
Label
Element
Name of the DFB (instance)
Input assigned by an expression
Input assigned by a value
Connected input
Input assigned by an object (address or symbol)
Input parameters
Output parameters
Input/output parameters
Use of EN\ENO Parameters

See EN and ENO Parameters, page 593
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615
Use of DFBs
Use of a DFB in a Structured Text Language Program

Principle
In Structured Text, a user function block is called by a DFB call: name of the DFB
instance followed by a list of arguments. Arguments are displayed in the list between
brackets and separated by commas.
The DFB call can be of one of two types:
a formal call, when arguments are assignments (parameter = value). In this case,
the order in which the arguments are entered in the list is not important.
The EN input parameter and the ENO output parameter can be used to control
the execution of the function block
an informal call, when arguments are values (expression, object or an immediate
value). In this case, the order in which the arguments are entered in the list must
follow the order of the DFB input parameters, including for non-assigned inputs
(the argument is an empty field)
It is not possible to use EN and ENO parameters.
DFB_Name (argument 1,argument 2,....,argument n)

NOTE: The ANY_ARRAY-type inputs, generic data-type outputs (ANY_...) and
input/outputs of a DFB must be assigned.
See EN and ENO Parameters, page 593
Example of a DFB
The following simple example explains the different DFB calls in Structured Text
language. This is the instance Cpt_1 of the Cpt_parts: type DFB.
616
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Use of DFBs
Formal DFB Call

The formal DFB call Cpt_1 is performed with the following syntax:
Cpt_1 (Reset:=Clear, Presel:=P_Select, Count:=100,
Done=>%Q1.2.1);
Where the input parameters assigned by a value (expression, object or immediate
value) are entered in the list of arguments, the syntax is:
Cpt_1 (Reset:=Clear, Presel:=P_Select, Count:=100);
...
%Q1.2.1:=Cpt_1.Done;
Elements of the Sequence
The following table lists the different elements of the program sequence, when a
formal DFB call is made.
Element
Meaning
Cpt_1
Name of the DFB instance
Reset, Presel, Count
Input parameters
:=
Assignment symbol of an input
Clear
Assignment object of an input (symbol)
100
Assignment value of an input
Done
Output parameter
=>
Assignment symbol of an output
%Q1.2.1
Assignment object of an output (address)
End of sequence symbol
Argument separation symbol
Informal DFB Call

The informal DFB call Cpt_1 is performed with the following syntax:
Cpt_1 (Clear, %MD10, , 100);
...
%Q1.2.1:=Cpt_1.Done;
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617
Use of DFBs
Elements of the Sequence

The following table lists the different elements of the program sequence, when a
formal DFB call is made.
618
Element
Meaning
Cpt_1
Clear, %MD10, ,100
Assignment object or value of the inputs. Non-assigned inputs

are represented by an empty field
End of sequence symbol
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Use of DFBs
Use of a DFB in an Instruction List Program

Principle
In Instruction List, a user function block is called by a CAL instruction, followed by
the name of the DFB instance as an operand and a list of arguments (optional).
Arguments are displayed in the list between brackets and separated by commas.
In Instruction List, there are three possible ways of calling a DFB:
The instruction CAL DFB_Name is followed by a list of arguments that are

assignments (parameter = value). In this case, the order in which the arguments
are entered in the list is not important.
The EN input parameter can be used to control the execution of the function
block.
The instruction CAL DFB_Name is followed by a list of arguments that are values
(expression, object or immediate value). In this case, the order in which the
arguments are entered in the list must follow the order of the DFB input
parameters, including for non-assigned inputs (the argument is an empty field).
It is not possible to use EN and ENO parameters.
The instruction CAL DFB_Name is not followed by a list of arguments. In this
case, this instruction must be preceded by the assignment of the input
parameters, via a register: loading of the value (Load) then assignment to the
input parameter (Store). The order of assignment of the parameters (LD/ST) is
not important; however, you must assign all the required input parameters before
executing the CAL command. It is not possible to use EN and ENO parameters.
CAL DFB_Name (argument 1,argument 2,...,argument n)

or
LD Value 1
ST Parameter 1
...
LD Value n
ST Parameter n
CAL DFB_Name
NOTE: The ANY_ARRAY-type inputs, generic data-type outputs (ANY_...) and
input/outputs of a DFB must be assigned.
See EN and ENO Parameters, page 593.
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Use of DFBs
Example of a DFB
The following example explains the different calls of a DFB in Instruction List. This
is the instance Cpt_1 of the Cpt_parts: type DFB
DFB Call when the Arguments Are Assignments

When the arguments are assignments, the DFB call Cpt_1 is performed with the
following syntax:
CAL Cpt_1 (Reset:=Clear, Presel:=%MD10, Count:=100,
Done=>%Q1.2.1)
Where the input parameters assigned by a value (expression, object or immediate
value) are entered in the list of arguments, the syntax is:
CAL Cpt_1 (Reset:=Clear, Presel:=%MD10, Count:=100)
...
LD Cpt_1.Done
ST %Q1.2.1
In order to make your application program more legible, you can enter a carriage
return after the commas that separate the arguments. The sequence then takes the
following syntax:
CAL Cpt_1(
Reset:=Clear,
Presel:=%MD10,
Count:=100,
Done=>%Q1.2.1)
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Use of DFBs
Elements of the DFB Call Program

The following table lists the different elements of the DFB call program.
Element
Meaning
CAL
DFB call instruction
Cpt_1
Reset, Presel, Count
Input parameters
:=
Assignment symbol of an input
Clear, %MD10, 100
Assignment object or value of the inputs
Done
Output parameter
=>
Assignment symbol of an output
%Q1.2.1
Assignment object of an output
DFB Call when the Arguments Are Values

When the arguments are values, the DFB call Cpt_1 is performed with the following
syntax:
CAL Cpt_1 (Clear, %MD10,, 100)
...
LD Cpt_1.Done
ST %Q1.2.1
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Element
Meaning
CAL
DFB call instruction
Cpt_1
Clear, %MD10, 100
Assignment object or value of the inputs
621
Use of DFBs
DFB Call with no Argument

When there is no argument, the DFB call Cpt_1 is performed with the following
syntax:
LD Clear
ST Cpt_1.Reset
LD %MD10
ST Cpt_1.Presel
LD 100
ST Cpt_1.Count
CAL Cpt_1(
...
LD Cpt_1.Done
ST %Q1.2.1
622
Element
Meaning
LD Clear
Load instruction to load the Clear value into a register
ST Cpt_1.Reset
Assign instruction to assign the contents of the register to the

input parameter Cpt_1.Reset
CAL Cpt_1(
Call instruction for the DFB Cpt_1
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Use of DFBs
Use of a DFB in a Program in Function Block Diagram Language

Principle
In FBD (Function Block Diagram) language, the user function blocks are
represented in the same way as in Ladder language and are called graphically.
The inputs of the user function blocks may be connected or assigned a value, an
immediate object or an expression. In any case, the type of external element must
be identical to that of the input parameter.
Only one object can be assigned (link to another block with the same variable) to an
input of the DFB. However, several objects may be connected to a single output.
A DFB block must have at least one connected Boolean input and an output (if
necessary). For this, you can use an EN input parameter and an ENO output
parameter.
It is compulsory to connect or assign the ANY_ARRAY-type inputs, the generic datatype outputs (ANY_...) and the input/outputs of a DFB block.
Graphic Representation of a DFB Block
The following illustration shows a simple DFB programming example.
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Use of DFBs
Elements of the DFB Block

The following table lists the different elements of the DFB block, labeled in the above
illustration.
Label
Element
Name of the DFB (instance)
Input assigned by an object (symbol)
Input assigned by a value
Connected input
Input parameters
Output parameter
Input assigned by an object (address)

See EN and ENO Parameters, page 593.
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Unity Pro
Diagnostics DFB
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User Diagnostics DFB
20
Presentation of User Diagnostic DFBs
General
The Unity Pro application is used to create your own diagnostic DFBs (see Unity
Pro, Operating Modes).
These diagnostic DFBs are standard DFBs that you will have configured beforehand
with the Diagnostic property and in which you will have used the following two
functions:
REGDFB (see Unity Pro, Diagnostics, Block Library) to save the alarm date
DEREG (see Unity Pro, Diagnostics, Block Library) to de-register the alarm
NOTE: It is strongly recommended to only program a diagnostic DFB instance once

within the application.
These DFBs enable you to monitor your process. They will automatically report the
information you will have chosen in the Viewer. You can thus monitor changes in
state or variations in your process.
Advantages
The main advantages inherent in this service are as follows:
35006144 07/2012
The diagnostic is integrated in the project, and can thus be conceived during
development and therefore better meets the users requirements.
The error dating and recording system is done at the source (in the PLC), which
means the information exactly represents the state of the process.
You can connect a number of Viewers (Unity Pro, Magelis, Factory Cast) which
will transcribe the exact state of the process to the user. Each Viewer is
independent, and any action performed on one (for example, an
acknowledgement) is automatically viewed on the others.
625
Diagnostics DFB
626
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Unity Pro
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Appendices
At a Glance
The appendix contains additional information.
What Is in This Appendix?
The appendix contains the following chapters:
Chapter
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Chapter Name
Page
EFB Error Codes and Values
629
IEC Compliance
661
627
628
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Unity Pro
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A
Introduction
The following tables show the error codes and error values created for the EFBs sort
by library and family.
Topic
Tables of Error Codes for the Base Library
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Page
630
Tables of Error Codes for the Diagnostics Library
632
Tables of Error Codes for the Communication Library
633
Tables of Error Codes for the IO Management Library
637
Tables of Error Codes for the CONT_CTL Library
644
Tables of Error Codes for the Motion Library
651
Tables of Error Codes for the Obsolete Library
653
Common Floating Point Errors
660
629
Tables of Error Codes for the Base Library

Introduction
The following tables show the error codes and error values created for the EFBs of
the Base Library.
Date & Time
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Date & Time family.
EFB name
Error code
ENO state Error

in case of value in
Dec
error
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
DIVTIME
E_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO
-30176
16#8A20
Divide by zero
DIVTIME
E_NEGATIVE_INPUT_
FOR_TIME_OPERATION
-30177
16#8A1F
A negative value cannot be

converted to data type TIME
DIVTIME
E_ARITHMETIC_ ERROR
-30170
16#8A26
Arithmetic error
DIVTIME
E_ERR_ARITHMETIC
-30003
16#8ACD
Arithmetic overflow (%S18 set)
DIVTIME
FP_ERROR
See table Common Floating Point

Errors, page 660
MULTIME
E_ERR_ARITHMETIC
-30003
16#8ACD
Arithmetic overflow (%S18 set)
MULTIME
E_ARITHMETIC_ERROR_
MUL_OV
-30172
16#8A24
Arithmetic error / Muliplication

overflow
MULTIME
E_ARITHMETIC_ERROR_
ADD_OV
-30173
16#8A23
Arithmetic error / Addition overflow
MULTIME
E_ARITHMETIC_ERROR_
BIG_PAR
-30171
16#8A25
Arithmetic error / Parameter

exceeds range
MULTIME
E_NEGATIVE_INPUT_
FOR_TIME_OPERATION
-30177
16#8A1F
A negative value cannot be

converted to data type TIME
MULTIME
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
630
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Statistical
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Statistical
family.
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
-30183
16#8A19
Input value is out of range
Error code
AVE
E_INPUT_VALUE_OUT_ F
OF_RANGE
AVE
E_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO
-30176
16#8A20
Divide by zero
AVE
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
AVE
E_ARITHMETIC_
ERROR
-30170
16#8A26
Arithmetic error
AVE
E_FP_STATUS_FAILED
-30150
16#8A3A
Illegal floating point operation
AVE
E_ARITHMETIC_
ERROR_MUL_OV
-30172
16#8A24
Arithmetic error / Muliplication overflow
AVE
E_ARITHMETIC_
ERROR_ADD_OV
-30173
16#8A23
Arithmetic error / Addition overflow
AVE
E_ARITHMETIC_
ERROR_BIG_PAR
-30171
16#8A25
Arithmetic error / Parameter exceeds

range
AVE
E_ARITHMETIC_
ERROR_UNSIGN_OV
-30174
16#8A22
Arithmetic error / Unsigned overflow
MAX
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
MIN
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
MUX
E_SELECTOR_OUT_
OF_RANGE
-30175
16#8A21
Selector is out of range
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ENO state
in case of
error
Error
value in
Dec
EFB
name
631
Tables of Error Codes for the Diagnostics Library

Introduction
the Diagnostics Library.
Diagnostics
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Diagnostics
family.
EFB name Error code
ONLEVT
632
ENO state in
case of error
E_EFB_ONLEVT T/F
Error value Error value Error description

in Dec
in Hex
-30196
16#8A0C
Error of EFB ONLEVT

ENO states
True = Error registration OK
False = Error registration failed
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Tables of Error Codes for the Communication Library

Introduction
the Communication Library.
Extended
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Extended family.
EFB name
Error code
Error
ENO state Error
in case of value in value in
Hex
Dec
error
Error description
CREAD_REG E_EFB_MSTR_ERROR
-30191
16#8A11 MSTR communication error
CREAD_REG E_EFB_NOT_STATE_
RAM_4X
-30531
16#88BD Variable not mapped to % MW (4x)

area
CREAD_REG -
8195
16#2003
Value displayed in status word.

(Comes together with
E_EFB_MSTR_ERROR)
CREAD_REG -
8206
16#200E
Value displayed in status word.

Comes together with
E_EFB_NOT_STATE_RAM_4X
CREAD_REG -
See tables of :
Modbus Plus and SY/MAX EtherNet
Error Codes (see Modicon

Quantum with Unity, Ethernet
Network Modules, User Manual)
SY/MAX specific Error Codes
(see Modicon Quantum with Unity,
Ethernet Network Modules, User
Manual)
TCP/IP EtherNet Error Codes
Manual)
CWRITE_REG E_EFB_MSTR_ERROR
-30191
CWRITE_REG -
8195
16#2003
Value displayed in status word

Comes together with
E_EFB_MSTR_ERROR
CWRITE_REG -
8206
16#200E

Comes together with
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Error
ENO state Error
Hex
Dec
error
Error description
CWRITE_REG -
See tables of :
Manual)
Manual)
MBP_MSTR
E_EFB_OUT_OF_
RANGE
-30192
16#8A10 Internal error: EFB has detected a

violation e.g. write exceeds %MW (4x)
boundaries
MBP_MSTR
E_EFB_NOT_STATE_
RAM_4X
-30531
16#88BD Variable not mapped to %MW (4x) area
MBP_MSTR
8195
16#2003

Comes together with
E_EFB_MSTR_ERROR in status of
control block
MBP_MSTR
8206
16#200E

Comes together with
E_EFB_NOT_STATE_RAM_4X in
status of control block
MBP_MSTR
See tables of :
Manual)
Manual)
READ_REG
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
16#759E Parameter out of range
READ_REG
E_EFB_NOT_STATE_
RAM_4X
-30531
EFB name
634
Error code
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Error description
EFB name
Error code
Error
ENO state Error
Hex
Dec
error
READ_REG
E_EFB_MSTR_ERROR
-30191
READ_REG
8195
16#2003

Comes together with
W_WARN_OUT_OF_RANGE
READ_REG
MBPUNLOC
8206
16#200E

Comes together with
READ_REG
See tables of :

Manual)
Manual)
WRITE_REG
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
WRITE_REG
E_EFB_NOT_STATE_
RAM_4X
-30531
WRITE_REG
E_EFB_MSTR_ERROR
-30191
WRITE_REG
8195
16#2003

Comes together with
W_WARN_OUT_OF_RANGE
WRITE_REG
8206
16#200E

Comes together with
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635
EFB name
Error code
Error
ENO state Error
Hex
Dec
error
Error description
WRITE_REG
See tables of :
Manual)
Manual)
636
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Tables of Error Codes for the IO Management Library

Introduction
the IO Management Library.
Analog I/O Configuration
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Analog I/O
Configuration family.
EFB name Error code
ENO state Error

Error
error
Dec
Hex
Error description
I_FILTER
E_EFB_NOT_CONFIGURED F
-30188
16#8A14 EFB configuration does not match

hardware configuration
I_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_1
-30200
16#8A08 The input IN_REG is not connected

with the number of an input word
(%IW).
I_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_2
-30201
16#8A07 The input IN_REG is connected with

an invalid number of an input word
(%IW).
I_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_3
-30202
16#8A06 MN_RAW MX_RAW
I_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_4
-30203
16#8A05 Unknown value for MN_PHYS
I_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_5
-30204
16#8A04 Unknown value for MX_PHYS
I_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_11
-30210
16#89FE ST_REG not entered
I_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_12
-30211
16#89FD ST_REG too large
I_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_13
-30212
16#89FC ST_CH not entered
O_FILTER E_EFB_NOT_CONFIGURED F
-30188
16#8A14 EFB configuration does not match

hardware configuration
O_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_1
-30200
16#8A08 The input OUT_REG is not

connected with the number of an
output word (%MW).
O_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_2
-30201
16#8A07 The input OUT_REG is connected

with an invalid number of an output
word (%MW).
O_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_3
-30202
16#8A06 MN_RAW MX_RAW
O_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_4
-30203
16#8A05 Unknown value for MN_PHYS
O_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_5
-30204
16#8A04 Unknown value for MX_PHYS
O_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_11
-30210
16#89FE ST_REG not entered
O_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_12
-30211
16#89FD ST_REG too large
O_SET
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_13
-30212
16#89FC ST_CH not entered
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Analog I/O Scaling

Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Analog I/O
Scaling family.
EFB name
Error code
ENO state
in case of
error
Error
value in
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
I_NORM
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
I_NORM
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14
EFB configuration does not

match hardware configuration
I_NORM_WARN
E_EFB_NO_WARNING_
STATUS_AVAILABLE
-30189
16#8A13
Module delivers no warning

status
I_NORM_WARN
E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
I_NORM_WARN
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
I_NORM_WARN
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

I_PHYS
E_EFB_NO_WARNING_
STATUS_AVAILABLE
-30189
16#8A13

status
I_PHYS
E_INPUT_VALUE_OUT_
OF_RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
I_PHYS
E_EFB_NO_
MEASURING_RANGE
-30185
16#8A17
Internal error
I_PHYS
E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
I_PHYS
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
I_PHYS
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

I_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_NO_WARNING_
STATUS_AVAILABLE
-30189
16#8A13

status
I_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_FILTER_SQRT_
NOT_AVAIL
-30195
16#8A0D
Filter SQRT is not available
I_PHYS_WARN
E_INPUT_VALUE_OUT_
OF_RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
I_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_NO_
MEASURING_RANGE
-30185
16#8A17
Internal error
I_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
638
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EFB name
Error code
ENO state
in case of
error
Error
value in
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
I_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
I_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

I_RAW
E_EFB_OUT_OF_
RANGE
-30192
16#8A10
Internal error: EFB has

detected a violation e.g. write
exceeds %MW (4x)
boundaries
I_RAW
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

I_RAWSIM
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

I_SCALE
E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
I_SCALE
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
I_SCALE
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

I_SCALE_WARN
E_EFB_NO_WARNING_
STATUS_AVAILABLE
-30189
16#8A13

status
I_SCALE_WARN
E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
I_SCALE_WARN
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
I_SCALE_WARN
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

O_NORM
E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
O_NORM
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
O_NORM
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

O_NORM_WARN E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
O_NORM_WARN E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
O_NORM_WARN E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

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639
EFB name
Error code
ENO state
in case of
error
Error
value in
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
O_PHYS
E_EFB_NO_
MEASURING_RANGE
-30185
16#8A17
Internal error
O_PHYS
E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
O_PHYS
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
O_PHYS
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

O_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_NO_
MEASURING_RANGE
-30185
16#8A17
Internal error
O_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
O_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
O_PHYS_WARN
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

O_RAW
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
O_RAW
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

O_SCALE
E_INPUT_VALUE_OUT_
OF_RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
O_SCALE
E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
O_SCALE
E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
O_SCALE
E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

O_SCALE_WARN E_INPUT_VALUE_OUT_
OF_RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
O_SCALE_WARN E_EFB_POS_OVER_
RANGE
-30186
16#8A16
Positive overflow
O_SCALE_WARN E_EFB_NEG_OVER_
RANGE
-30187
16#8A15
Negative overflow
O_SCALE_WARN E_EFB_NOT_
CONFIGURED
-30188
16#8A14

640
35006144 07/2012
Immediate I/O
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Immediate I/O
family.
EFB name
Error code
ENO state
in case of
error
Error value
in Dec
Error value Error description

in Hex
IMIO_IN
0000
0000
Operation OK
IMIO_IN
8193
2001
invalid operation type (e.g. the I/O module

addressed is not an input module)
IMIO_IN
8194
2002
Invalid rack or slot number (I/O map in the

configurator contains no module entry for this
slot)
IMIO_IN
8195
2003
invalid slot number
IMIO_IN
-4095
F001
Module not OK
IMIO_OUT
0000
0000
Operation OK
IMIO_OUT
8193
2001
invalid operation type (e.g. the I/O module

addressed is not an input module)
IMIO_OUT
8194
2002
Invalid rack or slot number (I/O map in the

configurator contains no module entry for this
slot)
IMIO_OUT
8195
2003
invalid slot number
IMIO_OUT
-4095
F001
Module not OK
35006144 07/2012
641
Quantum I/O Configuration

Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Quantum I/O
Configuration family.
EFB name
Error code
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
ACI030
-30188
16#8A14

ACI040
-30188
16#8A14

ACI040
E_EFB_CURRENT_MODE_
NOT_ALLOWED
-30197
16#8A0B
EFB error: Current mode is not

allowed
ACO020
-30188
16#8A14

ACO130
-30188
16#8A14

ACO130
E_EFB_CURRENT_MODE_
NOT_ALLOWED
-30197
16#8A0B

allowed
AII330
-30188
16#8A14

AII330
E_EFB_ILLEGAL_CONFIG_
DATA
-30198
16#8A0A
EFB error: Illegal configuration

data
AII33010
-30188
16#8A14

AII33010
E_EFB_CURRENT_MODE_
NOT_ALLOWED
-30197
16#8A0B

allowed
AIO330
-30188
16#8A14

AIO330
E_EFB_CURRENT_MODE_
NOT_ALLOWED
-30197
16#8A0B

allowed
AMM090
-30188
16#8A14

ARI030
-30188
16#8A14

ARI030
E_EFB_ILLEGAL_CONFIG_
DATA
-30198
16#8A0A
EFB error: Illegal configuration

data
ATI030
-30188
16#8A14

AVI030
-30188
16#8A14

AVO020
-30188
16#8A14

642
ENO state Error

in case of value in
error
Dec
35006144 07/2012
EFB name
Error code
ENO state Error

in case of value in
error
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
DROP
-30188
16#8A14

ERT_854_10
ES_WRONG_SLOT
ERT_854_10
E_WRONG_SLOT
20480
16#5000
-30215
16#89F9
Defined as
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_16
ERT_854_10
ES_HEALTHBIT
24576
16#6000
ERT_854_10
E_HEALTHBIT
-30216
16#89F8
Defined as
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_17
ERT_854_10
ES_TIMEOUT
32768
16#8000
ERT_854_10
E_TIMEOUT
-30210
16#89FE
Defined as
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_11
ERT_854_10
E_ERT_BASIC - values
-30199
16#8A09
Defined as
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_1 + 1
ERT_854_10
E_WRONG_ANSW
-30211
16#89FD
Defined as
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_12
ERT_854_10
ES_CBUF_OFLOW
28672
16#7000
ERT_854_10
E_CBUF_OFLOW
-30217
16#89F7
Defined as
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_18
ERT_854_10
ES_WRONG_PAKET
8192
16#2000
ERT_854_10
E_WRONG_PAKET
-30212
16#89FC
Defined as
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_13
ERT_854_10
ES_WRONG_FELD
12288
16#3000
ERT_854_10
E_WRONG_FELD
-30213
16#89FB
Defined as
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_14
QUANTUM
-30188
16#8A14

QUANTUM
E_EFB_UNKNOWN_DROP
-30190
16#8A12
Unknown drop / No Quantum

traffic cop
XBE
-30188
16#8A14

XBE
E_EFB_UNKNOWN_DROP
-30190
16#8A12
Unknown drop / No Quantum

traffic cop
XDROP
-30188
16#8A14

NOTE: For details about ERT_854_10, please refer to the ERT_854_10 description
(see Quantum with Unity Pro, 140 ERT 854 10 Time Stamp Module, Users manual)
in the IO Management Library.
35006144 07/2012
643
Tables of Error Codes for the CONT_CTL Library

Introduction
the CONT_CTL Library.
Conditioning
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Conditioning
family.
EFB name
Error code
ENO state
in case of
error
Error
value in
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
DTIME
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
16#759E
Parameter out of range
DTIME
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
DTIME
Status word values
T/F
For details about the DTIME

status word refer to the DTIME
desription (see Unity Pro, Control,
Block Library)
INTEGRATOR
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
16#8A38
Not a valid floating point number
INTEGRATOR
E_ERR_IB_MAX_MIN
-30102
16#8A6A
YMAX < YMIN
INTEGRATOR
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
LAG_FILTER
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
16#8A38
LAG_FILTER
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
LDLG
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
16#8A38
LDLG
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
LEAD
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
16#8A38
LEAD
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
MFLOW
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
16#759E
MFLOW
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
644
35006144 07/2012
EFB name
Error code
ENO state
in case of
error
Error
value in
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
MFLOW
Status word values
T/F
For details about the MFLOW

status word refer to the MFLOW
desription (see Unity Pro, Control,
Block Library)
QDTIME
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
16#8A38
SCALING
E_ERR_NULL_INPUT_S F
CALE
-30121
16#8A57
Null input scale: max and min limit

must be different
SCALING
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
SCALING
Status word values
T/F
For details about the SCALING

status word refer to the SCALING
description (see Unity Pro,
Control, Block Library)
TOTALIZER
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
16#759E
TOTALIZER
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
TOTALIZER
W_WARN_TOTALIZER_ T
CTER_MAX
30113
16#75A1
Maximum value of cter has been

reached
TOTALIZER
Status word values
T/F
For details about the TOTALIZER

status word refer to the
TOTALIZER description
(see Unity Pro, Control, Block
Library)
VEL_LIM
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
16#8A38
VEL_LIM
E_ERR_AB1_MAX_MIN
-30101
16#8A6B
YMAX < YMIN
VEL_LIM
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
35006144 07/2012
645
Controller
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Controller family.
EFB name
Error code
ENO state
in case of
error
Error
value in
Dec
AUTOTUNE
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
AUTOTUNE
E_ERR_NULL_INPUT_
SCALE
-30121
AUTOTUNE
W_WARN_AUTOTUNE_
FAILED
30111
AUTOTUNE
FP_ERROR
AUTOTUNE
E_ERR_AUTOTUNE_
ID_UNKNOWN
-30120
16#8A58 The tuned EFB is not allowed or has

not yet been called
AUTOTUNE
Status word values
T/F
PI_B
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
PI_B
E_ERR_NULL_INPUT_
SCALE
-30121
16#8A57 Null input scale: max and min limit

must be different
PI_B
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
PI_B
Status word values
T/F
For details about the PI_B status

word refer to the PI_B description
(see Unity Pro, Control, Block Library)
PIDFF
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
PIDFF
E_ERR_NULL_INPUT_
SCALE
-30121

must be different
PIDFF
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
PIDFF
Status word values
T/F
For details about the PIDFF status

word refer to the PIDFF description
SAMPLETM
E_EFB_SAMPLE_TIME_ F
OVERFLOW
-30184
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
STEP2
646
Error
value in
Hex
Error description

16#759E
must be different
AUTOTUNE has failed
16#759F
Errors, page 660
For details about the AUTOTUNE

status word refer to the AUTOTUNE
description (see Unity Pro, Control,
Block Library)
16#759E

16#759E
Internal error
16#8A18
16#759E
35006144 07/2012
EFB name
Error code
ENO state
in case of
error
Error
value in
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
STEP2
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
STEP2
Status word values
T/F
For details about the STEP2 status

word refer to the STEP2 description
STEP3
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
STEP3
FP_ERROR

Errors, page 660
STEP3
Status word values
T/F
For details about the STEP3 status

word refer to the STEP3 description

16#759E
Mathematics
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Mathematics
family.
EFB name
Error code
COMP_DB
W_WARN_OUT_OF_ T
RANGE
30110
COMP_DB
FP_ERROR
K_SQRT
W_WARN_OUT_OF_ T
RANGE
30110
K_SQRT
FP_ERROR
See table Common Floating Point Errors,

page 660
MULDIV_W
FP_ERROR

page 660
SUM_W
FP_ERROR

page 660
35006144 07/2012
ENO state Error

in case of value in
error
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description

page 660
647
Measurement
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Measurement
family.
Error code
ENO state Error

in case of value in
Dec
error
Error description
Error
value in
Hex
AVGMV
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
16#8A38 Not a valid floating point number
AVGMV
W_WARN_AVGMV
30108
EFB name
AVGMV: N must be <= 50

16#759C
AVGMV
FP_ERROR
AVGMV_K
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
AVGMV_K
W_WARN_AVGMV_K T
30109

Errors, page 660
AVGMV_K: N must be <= 10000

16#759D
AVGMV_K
FP_ERROR
DEAD_ZONE
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
DEAD_ZONE
E_ERR_DZONE
-30119
16#8A59 DZONE: DZ must be >= 0
DEAD_ZONE
FP_ERROR
LOOKUP_TABLE1 E_ERR_DEN
-30152
LOOKUP_TABLE1 E_ERR_POLY_
ANZAHL
-30107
16#8A65 number of inputs not even
LOOKUP_TABLE1 E_ERR_POLY_
FOLGE
-30108
16#8A64 base point x(i) <= x(i-1)
LOOKUP_TABLE1 FP_ERROR
648

Errors, page 660

Errors, page 660

Errors, page 660
35006144 07/2012
Output Processing
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Output
Processing family.
EFB
name
Error code
ENO state
in case of
error
Error
value in
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
MS
W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
16#759E
MS
FP_ERROR

page 660
MS
Status word values
T/F
For details about the MS status word refer

to the MS description (see Unity Pro,
PWM1
WAF_PBM_TMINMAX
-30113
16#8A5F t_min < t_max
PWM1
FP_ERROR

page 660
SERVO FP_ERROR

page 660
SERVO Status word values
T/F
For details about the SERVO status word

refer to the SERVO description (see Unity
Pro, Control, Block Library)
SPLRG W_WARN_OUT_OF_
RANGE
30110
16#759E
SPLRG E_ERR_NULL_INPUT_ F
SCALE
-30121
16#8A57
Null input scale: max and min limit must be

different
SPLRG FP_ERROR

page 660
SPLRG Status word values
T/F
For details about the SPLRG status word

refer to the SPLRG description (see Unity
35006144 07/2012
649
Setpoint Management
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the Setpoint
Management family.
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
30110
16#759E

page 660
Status word values
T/F
For details about the RAMP status word refer

to the RAMP description (see Unity Pro,
RATIO
FP_ERROR

page 660
RATIO
Status word values
T/F
For details about the RATIO status word

refer to the RATIO description (see Unity
SP_SEL W_WARN_OUT_OF_ T
RANGE
30110
16#759E
SP_SEL FP_ERROR

page 660
SP_SEL Status word values
T/F
For details about the SP_SEL status word

refer to the SP_SEL description (see Unity
ENO state Error

in case of value in
Dec
error
EFB
name
Error code
RAMP
W_WARN_OUT_OF_ T
RANGE
RAMP
FP_ERROR
RAMP
650
35006144 07/2012
Tables of Error Codes for the Motion Library

Introduction
the Motion Library.
MMF Start
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the MMF Start family.
EFB name
Error code
ENO state Error

in case of value in
Dec
error
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
CFG_CP_F
BAD_REVISION
16#8A08
defined as E_EFB_USER_ERROR_1
-30200
CFG_CP_F
MMF_BAD_4X
9010
16#2332
CFG_CP_F
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
SubNum/SubNumEcho handshake error
CFG_CP_V
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
CFG_CP_V
MMF_BAD_4X
9010
16#2332
CFG_CP_V
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
CFG_CS
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
CFG_CS
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
CFG_FS
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
CFG_FS
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
CFG_IA
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
CFG_IA
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
CFG_RA
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
CFG_RA
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
CFG_SA
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
CFG_SA
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
DRV_DNLD
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
DRV_DNLD
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
DRV_UPLD
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
DRV_UPLD
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
IDN_CHK
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
IDN_CHK
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
IDN_XFER
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
IDN_XFER
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
MMF_BITS
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
35006144 07/2012
651
EFB name
Error code
ENO state Error

in case of value in
Dec
error
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
MMF_ESUB
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
MMF_ESUB
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
MMF_IDNX
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
MMF_IDNX
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
MMF_JOG
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
MMF_JOG
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
MMF_JOG
MMF_SUB_TIMEO
UT
7005
16#1B5D
Subroutine does not complete in time
MMF_MOVE BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
MMF_MOVE MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
MMF_RST
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
MMF_SUB
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
MMF_SUB
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
MMF_USUB
BAD_REVISION
-30200
16#8A08
MMF_USUB
MMF_ABORT_SUB
7004
16#1B5C
NOTE: For details about MMF error codes and error values, please refer to the
Faults and Error Reporting (see Unity Pro, Drive control, Block Library) description
in the Motion Library.
652
35006144 07/2012
Tables of Error Codes for the Obsolete Library

Introduction
the Obsolete Library.
CLC
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the CLC family.
Error description
EFB name
Error code
Error
ENO state Error
Hex
Dec
error
DELAY
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
INTEGRATOR1
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
INTEGRATOR1
E_ERR_IB_MAX_MIN
-30102
16#8A6A YMAX < YMIN
INTEGRATOR1
FP_ERROR
See table Common Floating

Point Errors, page 660
LAG1
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
LAG1
FP_ERROR
LEAD_LAG1
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
LEAD_LAG1
FP_ERROR
LIMV
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
LIMV
E_ERR_AB1_MAX_MIN F
-30101
16#8A6B YMAX < YMIN
LIMV
FP_ERROR
PI1
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PI1
E_ERR_PI_MAX_MIN
-30103
16#8A69 YMAX < YMIN
PI1
FP_ERROR
PID1
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PID1
E_ERR_PID_MAX_MIN F
-30104
16#8A68 YMAX < YMIN
PID1
FP_ERROR
PIDP1
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PIDP1
E_ERR_PID_MAX_MIN F
-30104
16#8A68 YMAX < YMIN
PIDP1
FP_ERROR
35006144 07/2012






653
Error description
EFB name
Error code
Error
ENO state Error
Hex
Dec
error
SMOOTH_RATE
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
SMOOTH_RATE
FP_ERROR
THREE_STEP_CON1 E_ERR_DEN
-30152
THREE_STEP_CON1 W_WARN_DSR_TN
30101
16#7595 TN = 0
THREE_STEP_CON1 W_WARN_DSR_TSN
30102
16#7596 TSN = 0
THREE_STEP_CON1 W_WARN_DSR_KP
30103
16#7597 KP <= 0

THREE_STEP_CON1 E_ERR_DSR_HYS
-30105
16#8A67 2 * |UZ| < |HYS|
THREE_STEP_CON1 FP_ERROR
THREEPOINT_CON1 E_ERR_DEN
-30152
THREEPOINT_CON1 W_WARN_ZDR_XRR
30105
16#7599 DR: XRR < -100 or XRR > 100
THREEPOINT_CON1 W_WARN_ZDR_T1T2
30104
16#7598 T2 > T1
THREEPOINT_CON1 FP_ERROR


THREEPOINT_CON1 E_ERR_ZDR_HYS
-30106
16#8A66 2 * |UZ| < |HYS|
TWOPOINT_CON1
-30152
E_ERR_DEN
TWOPOINT_CON1
W_WARN_ZDR_XRR
30105
16#7599 DR: XRR < -100 or XRR > 100
TWOPOINT_CON1
W_WARN_ZDR_T1T2
30104
16#7598 T2 > T1
TWOPOINT_CON1
FP_ERROR
TWOPOINT_CON1
E_ERR_ZDR_HYS
-30106
16#8A66 2 * |UZ| < |HYS|
654

35006144 07/2012
CLC_PRO
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the CLC_PRO family.
EFB name
Error code
ENO state Error

in case of value in
error
Dec
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
ALIM
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
ALIM
WAF_AB2_VMAX
-30111
16#8A61
vmax <= 0
ALIM
WAF_AB2_BMAX
-30112
16#8A60
bmax <= 0
ALIM
FP_ERROR

page 660
COMP_PID
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
COMP_PID
WAF_KPID_KUZ
-30110
16#8A62
gain_red < 0 or gain_red > 1
COMP_PID
WAF_KPID_OGUG
-30104
16#8A68
YMAX < YMIN
COMP_PID
WAF_KPID_UZ
-30109
16#8A63
db < 0
COMP_PID
FP_ERROR

page 660
DEADTIME
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
DERIV
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
DERIV
FP_ERROR
FGEN
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
FGEN
WAF_SIG_TV_MAX
-30116
16#8A5C t_acc > t_rise / 2
FGEN
WAF_SIG_TH_MAX
-30117
16#8A5B t_rise too big
FGEN
WAF_SIG_TA_MAX
30106
16#759A t_off >= halfperiod

page 660
FGEN
WAF_SIG_T1_MIN
30107
16#759B t_max <= t_min
FGEN
WAF_SIG_FKT
-30118
16#8A5A func_no <= 0 or func_no > 8
FGEN
FP_ERROR
INTEG
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
INTEG
E_ERR_IB_MAX_MIN
-30102
16#8A6A YMAX < YMIN
INTEG
FP_ERROR
LAG
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
LAG
FP_ERROR
LAG2
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
LAG2
FP_ERROR
35006144 07/2012

page 660

page 660

page 660

page 660
655
Error description
EFB name
Error code
ENO state Error

in case of value in
Dec
error
Error
value in
Hex
LEAD_LAG
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
LEAD_LAG
FP_ERROR

page 660
PCON2
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PCON2
W_WARN_ZDR_XRR
30105
16#7599 DR: XRR < -100 or XRR > 100
PCON2
W_WARN_ZDR_T1T2
30104
16#7598 T2 > T1
PCON2
FP_ERROR
PCON2
E_ERR_ZDR_HYS
-30106
16#8A66 2 * |UZ| < |HYS|

page 660
PCON3
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PCON3
W_WARN_ZDR_XRR
30105
16#7599 DR: XRR < -100 or XRR > 100
PCON3
W_WARN_ZDR_T1T2
30104
16#7598 T2 > T1
PCON3
FP_ERROR
PCON3
E_ERR_ZDR_HYS
-30106
16#8A66 2 * |UZ| < |HYS|
PD_OR_PI
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PD_OR_PI
WAF_PDPI_OG_UG
-30103
16#8A69
YMAX < YMIN
PD_OR_PI
FP_ERROR

page 660

page 660
PDM
PDM_TMAX_TMIN
-30115
16#8A5D t_max <= t_min
PDM
PDM_OG_UG
-30114
16#8A69
|pos_up_x| > |pos_lo_x| or |neg_up_x| >

|neg_lo_x|
PDM
FP_ERROR

page 660
PI
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PI
E_ERR_PI_MAX_MIN
-30103
16#8A69 YMAX < YMIN
PI
FP_ERROR
PID
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PID
E_ERR_PID_MAX_MIN F
-30104
16#8A68 YMAX < YMIN
PID
FP_ERROR
PID_P
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PID_P
E_ERR_PID_MAX_MIN F
-30104
16#8A68 YMAX < YMIN
656

page 660

page 660
35006144 07/2012
EFB name
Error code
ENO state Error

in case of value in
Dec
error
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
PID_P
FP_ERROR

page 660
PIP
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PIP
E_ERR_PI_MAX_MIN
-30103
16#8A69 YMAX < YMIN
PIP
FP_ERROR
PPI
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
PPI
E_ERR_PI_MAX_MIN
-30103
16#8A69 YMAX < YMIN
PPI
FP_ERROR
PWM
WAF_PBM_TMINMAX
-30113
PWM
FP_ERROR
QPWM
WAF_PBM_TMINMAX
-30113
QPWM
FP_ERROR
SCON3
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
SCON3
W_WARN_DSR_TN
30101
16#7595 TN = 0
SCON3
W_WARN_DSR_TSN
30102
16#7596 TSN = 0
SCON3
W_WARN_DSR_KP
30103
16#7597 KP <= 0
SCON3
E_ERR_DSR_HYS
-30105
16#8A67 2 * |UZ| < |HYS|
SCON3
FP_ERROR
VLIM
E_ERR_DEN
-30152
VLIM
E_ERR_AB1_MAX_MIN F
-30101
16#8A6B YMAX < YMIN
VLIM
FP_ERROR
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page 660

page 660

page 660

page 660

page 660

page 660
657
Extension/Compatibility
Table of error codes and errors values created for EFBs of the
Extension/Compatibility family.
EFB name
Error code
ENO
Error
state in value in
case of Dec
error
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
AKF_TA
E_AKFEFB_TIMEBASE_IS_
ZERO
-30482
16#88EE
Time base is zero
AKF_TE
ZERO
-30482
16#88EE
Time base is zero
AKF_TI
ZERO
-30482
16#88EE
Time base is zero
AKF_TS
ZERO
-30482
16#88EE
Time base is zero
AKF_TV
ZERO
-30482
16#88EE
Time base is zero
FIFO
E_INPUT_VALUE_OUT_OF_ F
RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
GET_3X
RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
GET_4X
RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
GET_BIT
RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_1
-30200
16#8A08
Input value is invalid

register type
(SourceTable).
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_2
-30201
16#8A07
The input offset

(OffsetInSourceTable)
selects an address outside
acceptable limits.
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_3
-30202
16#8A06
The input offset (OFF_IN)

is not 1 or a multiple of
16+1.
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_4
-30203
16#8A05
Output value is invalid

register type
(DestinationTable).
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_5
-30204
16#8A04
The output offset

(OffsetInDestinationTable)
selects an address outside
acceptable limits.
658
35006144 07/2012
EFB name
Error code
ENO
Error
state in value in
case of Dec
error
Error
value in
Hex
Error description
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_6
-30205
16#8A03
The output offset

(OffsetInDestinationTable)
is not 1 or a multiple of
16+1.
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_7
-30206
16#8A02
The value for

(NumberOfElements) is 0.
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_8
-30207
16#8A01
The value for

(NumberOfElements)
addresses more than
1600 bits.
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_9
-30208
16#8A00
The value for

(NumberOfElements)
addresses more than 100
words.
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_10
-30209
16#89FF
The value for

(NumberOfElements)
selects a source address
outside the acceptable
limits.
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_11
-30210
16#89FE
The value for

(NumberOfElements)
selects a destination
address outside the
acceptable limits.
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_12
-30211
16#89FD
The value for

(NumberOfElements) is
not a multiple of 16.
IEC_BMDI
E_EFB_USER_ERROR_13
-30212
16#89FC
Warning: Address overlap

of input and output
addresses.
LIFO
RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
PUT_4X
RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
-30175
16#8A21
Selector is out of range
RANGE
-30183
16#8A19
MUX_DINTARR_125 E_SELECTOR_OUT_OF_
RANGE
SET_BIT
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659

Introduction
The following table shows the commen error codes and error values created for
floating point errors.
Table of common floating point errors
Error codes
Error value
in Dec
Error value
in Hex
Error description
FP_ERROR
-30150
16#8A3A
Base value (not apearing as an error value)
E_FP_STATUS_FAILED_IE
-30151
16#8A39
Illegal floating point operation
E_FP_STATUS_FAILED_DE
-30152
16#8A38
Operand is denormalized - not a valid REAL

number
E_FP_STATUS_FAILED_ZE
-30154
16#8A36
Illegal divide by zero
E_FP_STATUS_FAILED_ZE_IE
-30155
16#8A35
Illegal floating point operation / Divide by zero
E_FP_STATUS_FAILED_OE
-30158
16#8A32
Floating point overflow
E_FP_STATUS_FAILED_OE_IE
-30159
16#8A31
Illegal floating point operation / Overflow
E_FP_STATUS_FAILED_OE_ZE
-30162
16#8A2E
Floating point overflow / Divide by zero
E_FP_STATUS_FAILED_OE_ZE_IE -30163
16#8A2D
Illegal floating point operation / Overflow /

Divide by zero
E_FP_NOT_COMPARABLE
16#8A2A
Internal error
660
-30166
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Unity Pro
IEC Compliance
35006144 07/2012
IEC Compliance
B
Overview
This chapter contains the compliance tables required by IEC 61131-3.
Section
35006144 07/2012
Topic
Page
B.1
General Information regarding IEC 61131-3
662
B.2
IEC Compliance Tables
664
B.3
Extensions of IEC 61131-3
687
B.4
Textual language syntax
689
661
IEC Compliance
B.1
General Information regarding IEC 61131-3
General information about IEC 61131-3 Compliance

At a Glance
The IEC 61131-3 Standard (cf. its subclause 1.4) specifies the syntax and semantics
of a unified suite of programming languages for programmable controllers. These
consist of two textual languages, IL (Instruction List) and ST (Structured Text), and
two graphical languages, LD (Ladder Diagram) and FBD (Function Block Diagram).
Additionally, Sequential Function Chart (SFC) language elements are defined for
structuring the internal organization of programmable controller programs and
function blocks. Also, configuration elements are defined which support the
installation of programmable controller programs into programmable controller
systems.
NOTE: Unity Pro uses the English acronyms for the programming languages.
Further more, features are defined which facilitate communication among
programmable controllers and other components of automated systems.
Unity Pro compliance to IEC 61131-3
The current version of the Unity Pro Programming System supports a compliant
subset of the language elements defined in the Standard.
Compliance in this context means the following:
The Standard allows an implementer of an IEC Programming System to choose
or to drop specific language features or even complete languages out of the
Feature Tables which form an inherent part of the specifications; a system
claiming compliance to the Standard just has to implement the chosen features
according to the specifications given in the Standard.
Further on, the Standard allows an implementer to use the defined programming
language elements in an interactive programming environment. Since the
Standard explicitely states that the specification of such environments is beyond
its scope, the implementer has certain degrees of freedom in providing optimized
presentation and handling procedures for specific language elements to the
benefit of the user.
Unity Pro uses these degrees of freedom e.g. by introducing the notion of
"Project" for the combined handling of the IEC language elements "Configuration"
and "Resource". It also uses them e.g. in the mechanisms provided for handling
variable declarations or function block instantiations.
662
35006144 07/2012
IEC Compliance
IEC standards tables

The supported features and other implementation specific information is given in the
following compliance statement and the subsequent tables as required by the
Standard.
35006144 07/2012
663
IEC Compliance
B.2
IEC Compliance Tables
Overview
This system complies with the requirements of IEC 61131-3 for the language and
feature listed in the following tables.
Topic
664
Page
Common elements
665
IL language elements
677
ST language elements
679
Common graphical elements
680
LD language elements
681
Implementation-dependent parameters
682
Error Conditions
685
35006144 07/2012
IEC Compliance
Common elements
Common elements
IEC compliance table for common elements:
Table No. Feature No.
1
Lower case characters
3a
Number sign (#)
4a
Dollar sign ($)
5a
Vertical bar (|)
Upper case and numbers
Upper and lower case, numbers, embedded underlines
Upper and lower case , numbers, leading or embedded

underlines
Comments
3a
Pragmas
35006144 07/2012
Description of Feature
Integer literals
Real literals
Real literals with exponents
Base 2 literals
Base 8 literals
Base 16 literals
Boolean zero and one
Boolean FALSE and TRUE
Typed literals
Single-byte character strings
Single-byte typed string literals
Dollar sign
Single quote
Line feed
New line
Form feed (page)
Carriage return
Tab
Double quote
665
IEC Compliance

7
10
12
14
666
1a
Duration literals without underlines: short prefix
1b
long prefix
2a
Duration literals with underlines: short prefix
2b
long prefix
Date literals (long prefix)
Date literals (short prefix)
Time of day literals (long prefix)
Time of day literals (short prefix)
Date and time literals (long prefix)
Date and time literals (short prefix)
Data type BOOL
Data type INT
Data type DINT
Data type UINT
Data type UDINT
10
Data type REAL
12
Data type TIME
13
Data type DATE
14
Data type TIME_OF_DAY or TOD
15
Data type DATE_AND_TIME or DT
16
Data type STRING
17
Data type BYTE
18
Data type WORD
19
Data type DWORD
Array data types
Structured data types
Initialization of array data types
Initialization of derived structured data types
35006144 07/2012
IEC Compliance

15
17
18
19
19a
20
35006144 07/2012
Input location
Output location
Memory location
Single bit size (X Prefix)
Single bit size (No Prefix)
Word (16 bits) size
Double word (32 bits) size
Long (quad) word (64 bits) size
Declaration of locations of symbolic variables (Note 5,

page 674)
Array location assignment (Note 5, page 674)
Automatic memory allocation of symbolic variables
Array declaration (Note 11, page 676)
Retentive array declaration (Note 11, page 676)
Declaration for structured variables
Initialization of directly represented variables (Note 11,

page 676)
Location and initial value assignment to symbolic variables
Array location assignment and initialization
Initialization of symbolic variables
Array initialization (Note 11, page 676)
Retentive array declaration and initialization (Note 11,

page 676)
Initialization of structured variables
Initialization of constants
10
Initialization of function block instances
Negated input
Negated output
formal function / function block call
non-formal function / function block call
Use of EN and ENO shown in LD
Usage without EN and ENO shown in FBD
667
IEC Compliance

20a
21
22
23
24
25
668
In-out variable declaration (textual)
In-out variable declaration (graphical)
Graphical connection of in-out variable to different variables

(graphical)
Overloaded functions
Typed functions
*_TO_** (Note 1, page 673)
TRUNC (Note 2, page 673)
*_BCD_TO_** (Note 3, page 674)
**_TO_BCD_* (Note 3, page 674)
ABS function
SQRT function
LN function
LOG function
EXP function
SIN function
COS function
TAN function
ASIN function
10
ACOS function
11
ATAN function
12
ADD function
13
MUL function
14
SUB function
15
DIV function
16
MOD function
17
EXPT function
18
MOVE function
SHL function
SHR function
ROR function
ROL function
35006144 07/2012
IEC Compliance
26
AND function
OR function
XOR function
NOT function
SEL function
2a
MAX function
2b
MIN function
LIMIT function
MUX function
GT function
GE function
EQ function
LE function
LT function
27
28
29
35006144 07/2012
10
NE function
LEN function (Note 4, page 674)
LEFT function (Note 4, page 674)
RIGHT function (Note 4, page 674)
MID function (Note 4, page 674)
INSERT function (Note 4, page 674)
DELETE function (Note 4, page 674)
REPLACE function (Note 4, page 674)
FIND function (Note 4, page 674)
669
IEC Compliance
30
1a
ADD function (Note 6, page 676)
1b
ADD_TIME function
33
34
35
670
2b
ADD_TOD_TIME function
3b
ADD_DT_TIME function
4a
SUB function (Note 6, page 676)
4b
SUB_TIME function
5b
SUB_DATE_DATE function
6b
SUB_TOD_TIME function
7b
SUB_TOD_TOD function
8b
SUB_DT_TIME function
9b
SUB_DT_DT function
10a
MUL function (Note 6, page 676)
10b
MULTIME function
11a
DIV function function (Note 6, page 676)
11b
DIVTIME function
1a
RETAIN qualifier for internal variables (Note 11, page 676)
2a
RETAIN qualifier for output variables (Note 11, page 676)
2b
RETAIN qualifier for input variables (Note 11, page 676)
3a
RETAIN qualifier for internal function blocks (Note 11,

page 676)
4a
VAR_IN_OUT declaration (textual)
4b
VAR_IN_OUT declaration and usage (graphical)
4c
VAR_IN_OUT declaration with assignment to different

variables (graphical)
Bistable Function Block (set dominant)
Bistable Function Block (reset dominant)
Rising edge detector
Falling edge detector
35006144 07/2012
IEC Compliance
36
1a
CTU (Up-counter) function block
1b
CTU_DINT function block
1d
CTU_UDINT function block
2a
CTD (Down-counter) function block
2b
CTD_DINT function block
2d
CTD_UDINT function block
3a
CTUD (Up-down-counter) function block
3b
CTUD_DINT function block
37
CTUD_UDINT function block

TP (Pulse) function block
2a
TON (On delay) function block
3a
TOF (Off delay) function block
39
19
Use of directly represented variables
40
Step and initial step - Graphical form with directed links
3a
Step flag General form
Step elapsed time General form
Use of transition name
7a
Transition condition linked through transition name using LD

language
7b
Transition condition linked through transition name using FBD

language
7c
Transition condition linked through transition name using IL

language
7d
Transition condition linked through transition name using ST

language
Any Boolean variable declared in a VAR or VAR_OUTPUT

block, or their graphical equivalents, can be an action
2l
Graphical declaration of action in LD language
41
42
43
35006144 07/2012
3d
1
2f
Graphical declaration of action in FBD language
3s
Textual declaration of action in ST language
3i
Textual declaration of action in IL language
Action block physically or logically adjacent to the step (Note

7, page 676)
Concatenated action blocks physically or logically adjacent to

the step (Note 8, page 676)
671
IEC Compliance
44
Action qualifier in action block supported
Action name in action block supported
None - no qualifier
Qualifier N
Qualifier R
Qualifier S
Qualifier L
Qualifier D
Qualifier P
Qualifier DS
11
Qualifier P1
12
Qualifier P0
45
45a
Action control without "final scan"
46
Single sequence
2a
Divergence of sequence selection: left-to-right priority of

transition evaluations
Convergence of sequence selection
Simultaneous sequences - divergence and convergence
5a
Sequence skip: left-to-right priority of transition evaluations
6a
Sequence loop: left-to-right priority of transition evaluations
CONFIGURATION...END_CONFIGURATION construction
(Note 12, page 676)
49
50
672
5a
Periodic TASK construction
5b
Non-periodic TASK construction
6a
WITH construction for PROGRAM to TASK association (Note 9,

page 676)
6c
PROGRAM declaration with no TASK association (Note 10,

page 676)
5a
Non-preemptive scheduling (Note 13, page 676)
5b
Preemptive scheduling (Note 14, page 676)
35006144 07/2012
IEC Compliance
Note 1
List of type conversion functions:
BOOL_TO_BYTE, BOOL_TO_DINT, BOOL_TO_INT, BOOL_TO_REAL,
BOOL_TO_TIME, BOOL_TO_UDINT, BOOL_TO_UINT, BOOL_TO_WORD,
BOOL_TO_DWORD
BYTE_TO_BOOL, BYTE_TO_DINT, BYTE_TO_INT, BYTE_TO_REAL,
BYTE_TO_TIME, BYTE_TO_UDINT, BYTE_TO_UINT, BYTE_TO_WORD,
BYTE_TO_DWORD, BYTE_TO_BIT
DINT_TO_BOOL, DINT_TO_BYTE, DINT_TO_INT, DINT_TO_REAL,
DINT_TO_TIME, DINT_TO_UDINT, DINT_TO_UINT, DINT_TO_WORD,
DINT_TO_DWORD, DINT_TO_DBCD, DINT_TO_STRING
INT_TO_BOOL, INT_TO_BYTE, INT_TO_DINT, INT_TO_REAL, INT_TO_TIME,
INT_TO_UDINT, INT_TO_UINT, INT_TO_WORD, INT_TO_BCD, INT_TO_DBCD,
INT_TO_DWORD, INT_TO_STRING
REAL_TO_BOOL, REAL_TO_BYTE, REAL_TO_DINT, REAL_TO_INT,
REAL_TO_TIME, REAL_TO_UDINT, REAL_TO_UINT, REAL_TO_WORD,
REAL_TO_DWORD, REAL_TO_STRING
TIME_TO_BOOL, TIME_TO_BYTE, TIME_TO_DINT, TIME_TO_INT,
TIME_TO_REAL, TIME_TO_UDINT, TIME_TO_UINT, TIME_TO_WORD,
TIME_TO_DWORD, TIME_TO_STRING
UDINT_TO_BOOL, UDINT_TO_BYTE, UDINT_TO_DINT, UDINT_TO_INT,
UDINT_TO_REAL, UDINT_TO_TIME, UDINT_TO_UINT, UDINT_TO_WORD,
UDINT_TO_DWORD
UINT_TO_BOOL, UINT_TO_BYTE, UINT_TO_DINT, UINT_TO_INT,
UINT_TO_REAL, UINT_TO_TIME, UINT_TO_UDINT, UINT_TO_WORD,
UINT_TO_DWORD,
WORD_TO_BOOL, WORD_TO_BYTE, WORD_TO_DINT, WORD_TO_INT,
WORD_TO_REAL, WORD_TO_TIME, WORD_TO_UDINT, WORD_TO_UINT,
WORD_TO_BIT, WORD_TO_DWORD
DWORD_TO_BOOL, DWORD_TO_BYTE, DWORD_TO_DINT, DWORD_TO_INT,
DWORD_TO_REAL, DWORD_TO_TIME, DWORD_TO_UDINT, DWORD_TO_UINT,
DWORD_TO_BIT,
The effects of each conversion are described in the help text supplied with the Base
Library.
Note 2
List of types for truncate function:
REAL_TRUNC_DINT, REAL_TRUNC_INT, REAL_TRUNC_UDINT,
REAL_TRUNC_UINT
Library.
35006144 07/2012
673
IEC Compliance
Note 3
List of types for BCD conversion function:
BCD_TO_INT, DBCD_TO_INT, DBCD_TO_DINT
List of types for BCD conversion function:

INT_TO_BCD, INT_TO_DBCD, DINT_TO_DBCD
Library.
Note 4
List of types for String functions:
LEN_INT, LEFT_INT, RIGHT_INT, MID_INT, INSERT_INT, DELETE_INT,
REPLACE_INT, FIND_INT
Note 5
A variable can be mapped to a directly represented variable if they stricly have the
same type.
This means that a variable of type INT can only be mapped on a directly
represented variable of type INT.
But there is one exception to this rule: for internal word (%MW), Flat word
(%IW) and constant word (%KW) memory variables any declared variable
type is allowed.
Allowed mappings:
674
Syntax
Data type
Allowed variable types
Internal bit
%M or %MX
EBOOL
EBOOL
ARRAY [..] OF EBOOL
Internal word
%MW
INT
All types are allowed

except:
EBOOL
ARRAY [..] OF
EBOOL
Internal double word
%MD
DINT
No mapping, because of
overlapping between
%MW and %MD and
%MF.
Internal real
%MF
REAL
overlapping between
%MW and %MD and
%MF.
35006144 07/2012
IEC Compliance
Syntax
Data type
Allowed variable types
Constant word
%KW
INT

except:
EBOOL
ARRAY [..] OF
EBOOL
Constant double word
%KD
DINT
overlapping between
%KW and %KD and
%KF.
This kind of variables only
exists on Premium PLCs.
Constant real
%KF
REAL
overlapping between
%KW and %KD and
%KF.
exists on Premium PLCs.
System bit
%S or %SX
EBOOL
EBOOL
System word
%SW
INT
INT
System double word
%SD
DINT
DINT
Flat bit
%I
EBOOL
EBOOL
ARRAY [..] OF EBOOL
exists on Qantum PLCs.
Flat word
%IW
INT

except:
EBOOL
ARRAY [..] OF
EBOOL
exists on Qantum PLCs.
35006144 07/2012
Common word
%NWi.j.k
INT
INT
Topological variables
%I..., %Q..., ...
...
Same Type
(On some digital I/O
modules it is allowed to
map arrays of EBOOL on
%IX<topo> and
%QX<topo> objects.)
Extract bits
%MWi.j, ...
BOOL
BOOL
675
IEC Compliance
Note 6
Only operator "+" (for ADD), "-" (for SUB), "*" (for MUL) or "/" (for DIV) in ST
language.
Note 7
This feature is only presented in the "expanded view" of the chart.
Note 8
This feature is presented in the "expanded view" of the chart, but not as
concatenated blocks, but as a scrollable list of action names with associated
qualifiers inside one single block symbol.
Note 9
There is only a one-to-one mapping of program instance to task. The textual format
is replaced by a property dialog.
Note 10
The textual format is replaced by a property dialog.
Note 11
All variables are retentive (RETAIN qualifier implicitly assumed in variable
declarations).
Note 12
The textual format is replaced by the project browser representation.
Note 13
Using Mask-IT instruction, the user is able to get a non-preemptive behaviour. You
will find MASKEVT (Global EVT masking) and UNMASKEVT (Global EVT unmasking)
in the System functions of the libset.
Note 14
By default, the multi-task system is preemptive.
676
35006144 07/2012
IEC Compliance
IEC compliance table for IL language elements:
Feature description
51b
Parenthesized expression beginning with explicit operator
51b
Parenthesized expression (short form)
52
35006144 07/2012
LD operator (with modifier "N")
ST operator (with modifier "N")
S, R operator
AND operator (with modifiers "(", "N")
OR operator (with modifiers "(", "N")
XOR operator (with modifiers "(", "N")
7a
NOT operator
ADD operator (with modifier "(")
SUB operator (with modifier "(")
10
MUL operator (with modifier "(")
11
DIV operator (with modifier "(")
11a
MOD operator (with modifier "(")
12
GT operator (with modifier "(")
13
GE operator (with modifier "(")
14
EQ operator (with modifier "(")
15
NE operator (with modifier "(")
16
LE operator (with modifier "(")
17
LT operator (with modifier "(")
18
JMP operator (with modifiers "C", "N")
19
CAL operator (with modifiers "C", "N")
20
RET operator (with modifiers "C", "N") (Note, page 678)
21
(evaluate deferred operation)
677
IEC Compliance
Feature description
53
1a
CAL of Function Block with non-formal argument list
1b
CAL of Function Block with formal argument list
CAL of Function Block with load/store of arguments
Function invocation with formal argument list
Function invocation with non-formal argument list
Note
In DFB only.
678
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IEC Compliance
IEC compliance table for ST language elements:
55
56
Feature description
Parenthesization (expression)
Function evaluation: functionName(listOfArguments)
Exponentiation: **
Negation: -
Complement: NOT
Multiply: *
Divide: /
Modulo: MOD
Add: +
10
Subtract: -
11
Comparison: <, >, <=, >=
12
Equality: =
13
Inequality: <>
14
Boolean AND: &
15
Boolean AND: AND
16
Boolean Exclusive OR: XOR
17
Boolean OR: OR
Assignment
Function block invocation and function block output usage
RETURN statement (Note, page 679)
IF statement
CASE statement
FOR statement
WHILE statement
REPEAT statement
EXIT statement
10
Empty statement
Note
In DFB only.
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679
IEC Compliance

IEC compliance table for common graphical elements:
57
58
Feature description
Horizontal lines: Graphic or semigraphic
Vertical lines: Graphic or semigraphic
Horizontal/vertical connection: Graphic or semigraphic
Line crossings without connection: Graphic or semigraphic
10
Connected and non-connected corners: Graphic or

semigraphic
12
Blocks with connecting lines: Graphic or semi-graphic
Unconditional Jump: FBD Language
Unconditional Jump: LD Language
Conditional Jump: FBD Language
Conditional Jump: LD Language
Conditional Return: LD Language (Note, page 680)
Conditional Return: FBD Language (Note, page 680)
Unconditional Return from function or function block (Note,

page 680)
Unconditional Return: LD Language (Note, page 680)
Note
In DFB only.
680
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IEC Compliance
IEC compliance table for LD language elements:
Feature description
59
Left power rail
Right power rail
Horizontal link
Vertical link
60
61
62
Normally open contact (vertical bar) (Note, page 681)
Normally closed contact (vertical bar) (Note, page 681)
Positive transition-sensing contact (vertical bar) (Note,

page 681)
Negative transition-sensing contact (vertical bar) (Note,

page 681)
Coil
Negated coil
SET (latch) coil
RESET (unlatch) coil
Positive transition-sensing coil
Negative transition-sensing coil
Note
Only graphical representation.
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681
IEC Compliance
IEC compliance table for implementation-dependent parameters:
Parameters
Limitations/Behavior
Maximum length of identifiers
32 characters
Maximum comment length
Within the Unity Pro: 1024 characters for each

editor object.
Import: limited by XML constraints or
UDBString usage in the persistent layer.
Syntax and semantics of pragmas
Unity V1.0 only implements 1 pragma, used

for legacy convertor:
{ ConvError ( error text); }
any other pragma construct is ignored (a
warning message is given)
Syntax and semantics for the use of the

double-quote character when a particular
implementation supports Feature #4 but not
Feature #2 of Table 5.
(#2 of table 5 is supported)
for TIME : t#0ms .. t#4294967295ms

Range of values and precision of
(=t#49D_17H_2M_47S_295MS)
representation for variables of type TIME,
DATE, TIME_OF_DAY and DATE_AND_TIME for DATE: D#1990-01-01 ..
D#2099-12-31
for TOD: TOD#00:00:00 ..
TOD#23:59:59
682
Precision of representation of seconds in

types TIME, TIME_OF_DAY and
DATE_AND_TIME
TIME: precision 1 ms
TIME_OF_DAY: precision 1 s
Maximum number of enumerated values
Not applicable
Maximum number of array subscripts
Maximum array size
64 kbytes
Maximum number of structure elements
no limit
Maximum structure size
64 kbytes
Maximum range of subscript values
DINT range
Maximum number of levels of nested

structures
10
Default maximum length of STRING and

WSTRING variables
16 characters
Maximum allowed length of STRING and

WSTRING variables
64 kbytes
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IEC Compliance
Parameters
Maximum number of hierarchical levels

Logical or physical mapping
Premium: physical mapping (5 levels)

Quantum: logical mapping (1 level)
Maximum number of inputs of extensible

functions
The number of all input parameters (including

in-out parameters) is limited to 32. The
number of all output parameters (including inout parameters) is also limited to 32.
Thus the limit for extensible input parameters
is (32 - number of input parameters - number
of in-out parameters).
The limit for extensible output parameters is
(32 - number of output parameters - number
of in-out parameters).
Effects of type conversions on accuracy
See online help.
Error conditions during type conversions
Error conditions are described in the onlinehelp. Globally %S18 is set for overflow errors.
ENO is also set. The result is depending on the
specific function.
Accuracy of numerical functions
INTEL floating point processing or emulation.
See online help.

Effects of type conversions between time
data types and other data types not defined in
Table 30
Maximum number of function block
specifications and instantiations
Only limited by the maximum size of a

section.
Function block input variable assignment

when EN is FALSE
No assignment
Pvmin, Pvmax of counters
INT base counters:

Pvmin=-32768 (0x8000)
Pvmax=32767 (0x7FFF)
UINT base counters:

Pvmin=0 (0x0)
Pvmax=65535 (0xFFFF)
DINT base counters:
Pvmin= -2147483648 (0x80000000)
Pvmax=2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF)
UDINT base counters:
Pvmin=0 (0x0)
Pvmax=4294967295 (0xFFFFFFFF)
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Effect of a change in the value of a PT input

during a timing operation
The new PT values are immediatelytaken at

once into account, even during a running
timing operation immediately works with the
new values.
Program size limitations
Depends on controller type and memory
683
IEC Compliance
Parameters
Precision of step elapsed time
10 ms
Maximum number of steps per SFC
1024 steps per SFC section
Maximum number of transitions per SFC and Limited by the available area for entering
per step
steps/transitions and by the maximum
number of steps per SFC section (1024
Steps).
32 transition per step. Limited by the available
area for entering Alternative/Parallel
branches, maximum is 32 rows.
Maximum number of action blocks per step
20
Access to the functional equivalent of the Q or not applicable

A outputs
684
Transition clearing time
Target dependent;
always < 100 micro-seconds
Maximum width of diverge/converge

constructs
32
Contents of RESOURCE libraries
Not applicable
Effect of using READ_WRITE access to

function block outputs
Not applicable
Maximum number of tasks
Depends on controller type.

Maximum on most powerful controller: 9 tasks
Task interval resolution
10 ms
Maximum length of expressions
Practically no limit
Maximum length of statements
Maximum number of CASE selections
Value of control variable upon termination of

FOR loop
Undefined
Restrictions on network topology
No restrictions
Evaluation order of feedback loops
The block connected to the feedback variable

is executed first
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IEC Compliance
Error Conditions
Error Conditions
IEC standards table for error conditions:
Error conditions
Treatment (see Note, page 686)
Nested comments
2) error is reported during programming
Value of a variable exceeds the specified

subrange
4) error is reported during execution
Missing configuration of an incomplete

address specification ("*" notation)
Not applicable
Attempt by a program organization unit to

modify a variable which has been declared
CONSTANT
Improper use of directly represented or

external variables in functions
Not applicable
A VAR_IN_OUT variable is not "properly

mapped"
Type conversion errors
Numerical result exceeds range for data type 4) error is reported during execution
Division by zero
Mixed input data types to a selection function 2) error is reported during programming
Result exceeds range for data type
No value specified for an in-out variable
Zero or more than one initial steps in SFC

network
3) error is reported during

analyzing/loading/linking
User program attempts to modify step state or 2) error is reported during programming
time
Side effects in evaluation of transition
condition

Action control contention error

Simultaneously true, non-prioritized

transitions in a selection divergence
Not applicable
Unsafe or unreachable SFC

Data type conflict in VAR_ACCESS
Not applicable
A task fails to be scheduled or to meet its

execution deadline
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685
IEC Compliance
Error conditions
Treatment (see Note, page 686)
Current result and operand not of same data

type
Division by zero
Invalid data type for operation
Return from function without value assigned
Not applicable
Iteration fails to terminate
Same identifier used as connector label and

element name
Not applicable
Uninitialized feedback variable
1) error is not reported
Note
Identifications for the treatment of error conditions according to IEC 61131-3,
subclause 1.5.1, d):
1) error is not reported
3) error is reported during analyzing/loading/linking
686
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IEC Compliance
B.3
Extensions of IEC 61131-3
Extensions of IEC 61131-3, 2nd Edition

At a Glance
In addition to the standardized IEC features listed in the (see page 664), the Unity
Pro programming environment inherited a number of features from the PL7
programming environment. These extensions are optionally provided; they can be
checked or not in a corresponding options dialog. The dialog and the features are
described in detail in a chapter of the online help titled Data and Languages
Not included in the options dialog is another extension, which is inherited both from
the PL7 and the Concept programming environments: Unity Pro provides the
construct of the so-called Section in all programming languages, which allows to
subdivide a Program Organization Unit (POU). This construct introduces the
possibility to mix several languages (e.g. FBD sections, SFC sections) in a POU
body, a feature which, if used for this purpose, constitutes an extension of the IEC
syntax. A compliant POU body should contain a single section only. Sections do not
create a distinct name scope; the name scope for all language elements is the POU.
Purpose of Sections
Sections serve different purposes:
Sections allow to subdivide large POU bodies according to functional aspects:
the user has the possibility to subdivide his POU body into functionally
meaningful parts. The list of sections represents a kind of functional table of
contents of a large, otherwise unstructured POU body.
Sections allow to subdivide large POU bodies according to graphical aspects: the
user has the possibility to design substructures of a large POU body according to
an intended graphical presentation. He can create small or large graphical
sections according to his taste.
The subdivision of large POU bodies allows quick online changes: in Unity Pro,
the Section serves as the unit for online change. If a POU body is modified during
runtime at different locations, automatically all sections affected by the changes
are downloaded on explicit request.
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687
IEC Compliance
688
Sections allow to rearrange the execution order of specific, labeled parts of a

POU body: the section name serves as a label of that part of the body which is
contained inside the section, and by ordering these labels the execution order of
those parts is managable.
Sections allow to use different languages in parallel in the same POU: this feature
is a major extension of the IEC syntax, which allows only one single IEC language
to be used for a POU body. In a compliant body, SFC has to be used to manage
different languages inside a body (each transition and action may be formulated
in its own language).
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IEC Compliance
B.4
Textual language syntax
Textual Language Syntax

Description
The Unity Pro V1.0 programming environment does not yet provide support for an
import or export of text files complying with the full textual language syntax as
specified in Annex B of IEC 61131-3, 2nd Edition.
However, the textual syntax of the IL and ST languages, as specified in Annex B.2
and B.3 of IEC 61131-3, 2nd Edition, including all directly and indirectly referenced
productions out of Annex B.1, is supported in textual language sections.
Those syntax productions in Annex B of IEC 61131-3, 2nd Edition belonging to
features which are not supported by Unity Pro according to the compliance tables
(see page 664) are not implemented.
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689
IEC Compliance
690
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Unity Pro
Glossary
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Glossary
0-9
%I
According to the IEC standard, %I indicates a discrete input-type language object.
%ID
According to the IEC standard, %MW indicates an input double word-type language
object.
Only I/O objects make it possible to locate type instances (%MD, %KD, %QD,
%ID, %MF, %KF, %QF, %IF) by using their topological address (for example
%MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
%IF
According to the IEC standard, %MW indicates an input real-type language object.
%MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
%IW
According to the IEC standard, %IW indicates an analog input -type language object.
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Glossary
%KD
According to the IEC standard, %MW indicates a constant double word-type language
object.
For Premium/Atrium PLCs double-type instances of located data (%MD, %KD)
or floating (%MF, %KF) should be located by an integer type (%MW,
%KW). Only I/O objects make it possible to locate type instances (%MD,
%KD, %QD, %ID, %MF, %KF, %QF, %IF) by using their topological address
(for example %MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
For Modicon M340 PLCs, double-type instances of located data (%MD, %KD)
or floating (%MF, %KF) are not available.
%KF
According to the IEC standard, %MW indicates a constant real-type language object.
(for example %MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
%KW
According to the IEC standard, %KW indicates a constant word-type language object.
(for example %MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
%M
According to the IEC standard, %M indicates a memory bit-type language object.
692
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Glossary
%MD
According to the IEC standard, %MW indicates a memory double word-type language
object.
(for example %MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
%MF
According to the IEC standard, %MW indicates a memory real-type language object.
(for example %MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
%MW
According to the IEC standard, %MW indicates a memory word-type language object.
(for example %MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
%Q
According to the IEC standard, %Q indicates a discrete output-type language object.
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Glossary
%QD
According to the IEC standard, %MW indicates an output double word-type language
object.
%MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
%QF
According to the IEC standard, %MW indicates an output real-type language object.
%MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
%QW
According to the IEC standard, %QW indicates an analog output-type language
object.
A
Animating the links
This is also called power flow, and refers to a type of animation used with Ladder
language and the function blocks. The links are displayed in red, green or black
according to the variables connected.
694
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Glossary
ANY
There is a hierarchy between the different types of data. In the DFB, it is sometimes
possible to declare which variables can contain several types of values. Here, we
use ANY_xxx types.
The following diagram shows the hierarchically-ordered structure:
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Glossary
ARRAY
An ARRAY is a table of elements of the same type.
The syntax is as follows: ARRAY [<terminals>] OF <Type>
Example:
ARRAY [1..2] OF BOOL is a one-dimensional table made up of two BOOL-type
elements.
ARRAY [1..10, 1..20] OF INT is a two-dimensional table made up of 10x20
INT-type elements.
ASCII
ASCII is the abbreviation of American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
This is an American code (but which has become an international standard) that
uses 7 bits to define every alphanumerical character used in English, punctuation
symbols, certain graphic characters and other miscellaneous commands.
Auxiliary tasks
Optional periodic tasks used to process procedures that do not require fast
processing: measurement, adjustment, diagnostic aid, etc.
B
Base 10 literals
A literal value in base 10 is used to represent a decimal integer value. This value can
be preceded by the signs "+" and "-". If the character "_" is employed in this literal
value, it is not significant.
Example:
-12, 0, 123_456, +986
Base 16 literals
An literal value in base 16 is used to represent an integer in hexadecimal. The base
is determined by the number "16" and the sign "#". The signs "+" and "-" are not
allowed. For greater clarity when reading, you can use the sign "_" between bits.
Example:
16#F_F or 16#FF (in decimal 255)
16#F_F or 16#FF (in decimal 224)
696
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Glossary
Base 2 literals
A literal value in base 2 is used to represent a binary integer. The base is determined
by the number "2" and the sign "#". The signs "+" and "-" are not allowed. For greater
clarity when reading, you can use the sign "_" between bits.
Example:
2#1111_1111 or 2#11111111 (in decimal 255)
2#1110_0000 or 2#11100000 (in decimal 224)
Base 8 literals
A literal value in base 8 is used to represent an octal integer. The base is determined
by the number "8" and the sign "#". The signs "+" and "-" are not allowed. For greater
clarity when reading, you can use the sign "_" between bits.
Example:
8#3_77 or 8#377 (in decimal 255)
8#34_0 or 8#340 (in decimal 224)
BCD
between 0 and 9 using a group of four bits (half-byte).
Example of BCD coding:
the number 2450
is coded: 0010 0100 0101 0000
BIT
This is a binary unit for a quantity of information which can represent two distinct
values (or statuses): 0 or 1.
BOOL
BOOL is the abbreviation of Boolean type. This is the elementary data item in
computing. A BOOL type variable has a value of either: 0 (FALSE) or 1 (TRUE).
A BOOL type word extract bit, for example: %MW10.4.
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Glossary
Break point
Used in the "debug" mode of the application.
It is unique (one at a time) and, when reached, signals to the processor to stop the
program run.
Used in connected mode, it can be positioned in one of the following program
elements:
LD network,
Structured Text Sequence or Instruction List,
Structured Text Line (Line mode).
BYTE
When 8 bits are put together, this is callad a BYTE. A BYTE is either entered in
binary, or in base 8.
The BYTE type is coded in an 8 bit format, which, in hexadecimal, ranges from
16#00 to 16#FF
C
Constants
An INT, DINT or REAL type variable located in the constant field (%K), or variables
used in direct addressing (%KW, %KD or %KF). The contents of these cannot be
modified by the program during execution.
CPU
Is the abbreviation of Control Processing Unit.
This is the microprocessor. It is made up of the control unit combined with the
arithmetic unit. The aim of the control unit is to extract the instruction to be executed
and the data needed to execute this instruction from the central memory, to establish
electrical connections in the arithmetic unit and logic, and to run the processing of
this data in this unit. We can sometimes find ROM or RAM memories included in the
same chip, or even I/O interfaces or buffers.
Cyclic execution
The master task is executed either cyclically or periodically. Cyclical execution
consists of stringing cycles together one after the other with no waiting time between
the cycles.
698
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Glossary
D
DATE
The DATE type coded in BCD in 32 bit format contains the following information:
the year coded in a 16-bit field,
the month coded in an 8-bit field,
the day coded in an 8-bit field.
The DATE type is entered as follows: D#<Year>-<Month>-<Day>
This table shows the lower/upper limits in each field:
Field
Limits
Comment
Year
[1990,2099]
Year
Month
[01,12]
The left 0 is always displayed, but can be omitted at the

time of entry
Day
[01,31]
For the months 01\03\05\07\08\10\12
[01,30]
[01,29]
[01,28]
DATE_AND_TIME
see DT
DBCD
Representation of a Double BCD-format double integer.
between 0 and 9 using a group of four bits.
Example of DBCD coding:
the number 78993016
is coded: 0111 1000 1001 1001 0011 0000 0001 0110
DDT
DDT is the abbreviation of Derived Data Type.
A derived data type is a set of elements of the same type (ARRAY) or of various types
(structure)
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Glossary
DFB
DFB is the abbreviation of Derived Function Block.
DFB types are function blocks that can be programmed by the user ST, IL, LD or
FBD.
By using DFB types in an application, it is possible to:
simplify the design and input of the program,
increase the legibility of the program,
facilitate the debugging of the program,
reduce the volume of the generated code.
DFB instance
A DFB type instance occurs when an instance is called from a language editor.
The instance possesses a name, input/output interfaces, the public and private
variables are duplicated (one duplication per instance, the code is not duplicated).
A DFB type can have several instances.
DINT
DINT is the abbreviation of Double Integer format (coded on 32 bits).
The lower and upper limits are as follows: -(2 to the power of 31) to (2 to the power
of 31) - 1.
Example:
-2147483648, 2147483647, 16#FFFFFFFF.
Documentation
Contains all the information of the project. The documentation is printed once
compiled and used for maintenance purposes.
The information contained in the documentation cover:
the hardware and software configuration,
the program,
the DFB types,
the variables and animation tables,
the cross-references.
...
When building the documentation file, you can include all or some of these items.
700
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Glossary
Driver
A program indicating to your computers operating system the presence and
characteristics of a peripheral device. We also use the term peripheral device driver.
The best-known drivers are printer drivers. To make a PLC communicate with a PC,
communication drivers need to be installed (Uni-Telway, XIP, Fipway, etc.).
DT
DT is the abbreviation of Date and Time.
The DT type coded in BCD in 64 bit format contains the following information:
The year coded in a 16-bit field,
the month coded in an 8-bit field,
the day coded in an 8-bit field,
the hour coded in a 8-bit field,
the minutes coded in an 8-bit field,
the seconds coded in an 8-bit field.
The DT type is entered as follows:
DT#<Year>-<Month>-<Day>-<Hour>:<Minutes>:<Seconds>
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Field
Limits
Comment
Year
[1990,2099]
Year
Month
[01,12]
The left 0 is always displayed, but can be omitted at

the time of entry
Day
[01,31]
For the months 01\03\05\07\08\10\12
[01,30]
[01,29]
[01,28]
Hour
[00,23]

the time of entry
Minute
[00,59]

the time of entry
Second
[00,59]

the time of entry
701
Glossary
DWORD
DWORD is the abbreviation of Double Word.
The DWORD type is coded in 32 bit format.
This table shows the lower/upper limits of the bases which can be used:
Base
Lower limit
Upper limit
Hexadecimal
16#0
16#FFFFFFFF
Octal
8#0
8#37777777777
Binary
2#0
2#11111111111111111111111111111111
Data content
00000000000010101101110011011110
16#ADCDE
00000000000000010000000000000000
8#200000
00000000000010101011110011011110
2#10101011110011011110
E
EBOOL
EBOOL is the abbreviation of Extended Boolean type. A EBOOL type variable brings
a value (0 (FALSE) or 1 (TRUE) but also rising or falling edges and forcing
capabilities.
An EBOOL type variable takes up one byte of memory.
The byte split up into:
one bit for the value,
one bit for the history bit (each time the states object changes, the value is copied
inside the history bit),
one bit for the forcing bit (equals to 0 if the object isnt forced, equal to 1 if the bit
is forced.
The default type value of each bit is 0 (FALSE).
702
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Glossary
EDT
EDT is the abbreviation of Elementary Data Type.
These types are as follows:
BOOL,
EBOOL,
WORD,
DWORD,
INT,
DINT,
UINT,
UDINT,
REAL,
DATE,
TOD,
DT.
EF
Is the abbreviation of Elementary Function.
This is a block which is used in a program, and which performs a predefined
software function.
A function has no internal status information. Multiple invocations of the same
function using the same input parameters always supply the same output values.
Details of the graphic form of the function invocation can be found in the "[Functional
block (instance)]". In contrast to the invocation of the function blocks, function
invocations only have a single unnamed output, whose name is the same as the
function. In FBD each invocation is denoted by a unique [number] via the graphic
block, this number is automatically generated and can not be altered.
You position and set up these functions in your program in order to carry out your
application.
You can also develop other functions using the SDKC development kit.
EFB
Is the abbreviation for Elementary Function Block.
This is a block which is used in a program, and which performs a predefined
software function.
EFBs have internal statuses and parameters. Even where the inputs are identical,
the output values may be different. For example, a counter has an output which
indicates that the preselection value has been reached. This output is set to 1 when
the current value is equal to the preselection value.
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Glossary
Elementary Function
see EF
EN / ENO (enable / error notification)

EN means ENable, this is an optional block input.
If EN = 0, the block is not activated, its internal program is not executed and ENO it
is set to 0.
If EN = 1, the internal program of the block is executed, and ENO is set to 1 by the
system. If an error occurs, ENO is set to 0.
ENO means Error NOtification, this is the output associated to the optional input EN.
If ENO is set to 0 (caused by EN = 0 or in case of an execution error),
the outputs of function blocks remain in the status they were in for the last correct
executed scanning cycle and
the output(s) of functions and procedures are set to "0".
NOTE: If EN is not connected, it is automatically set to 1.
Event processing
Event processing 1 is a program section launched by an event. The instructions
programmed in this section are executed when a software application event (Timer)
or a hardware event (application specific module) is received by the processor.
Event processes take priority over other tasks, and are executed the moment the
event is detected.
The event process EVT0 is of highest priority. All others have the same level of
priority.
NOTE: For M340, IO events with the same priority level are stored in a FIFO and
are treated in the order in which they are received.
All the timers have the same priority. When several timers end at the same time, the
lowest timer number is processed first.
The system word %SW48 counts IO events and telegram processed.
NOTE: TELEGRAM is available only for PREMIUM (not on Quantum or M340)
F
Fast task
Task launched periodically (setting of the period in the PC configuration) used to
carry out a part of the application having a superior level of priority to the Mast task
(master).
704
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Glossary
FBD
FBD is the abbreviation of Function Block Diagram.
FBD is a graphic programming language that operates as a logic diagram. In
addition to the simple logic blocks (AND, OR, etc.), each function or function block of
the program is represented using this graphic form. For each block, the inputs are
located to the left and the outputs to the right. The outputs of the blocks can be linked
to the inputs of other blocks to form complex expressions.
FFB
Collective term for EF (Elementary Function), EFB (Elementary Function Block) and
DFB (Derived Function block)
Flash Eprom
PCMCIA memory card containing the program and constants of the application.
FNES
FNES is the abbreviation of Fichiers Neutres dEntres Sorties (Neutral I/O
Documentation).
FNES format describes using a tree structure the PLCs in terms of rack, cards and
channels.
It is based on the CNOMO standard (comit de normalisation des outillages de
machines outils).
Function
see EF
Function block
see EFB
Function view
View making it possible to see the program part of the application through the
functional modules created by the user (see Functional module definition).
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Glossary
Functional Module
A functional module is a group of program elements (sections, sub-programs, macro
steps, animation tables, runtime screen, etc.) whose purpose is to perform an
automation device function.
A functional module may itself be separated into lower-level functional modules,
which perform one or more sub-functions of the main function of the automation
device.
G
GRAY
Gray or "reflected binary" code is used to code a numerical value being developed
into a chain of binary configurations that can be differentiated by the change in
status of one and only one bit.
This code can be used, for example, to avoid the following random event: in pure
binary, the change of the value 0111 to 1000 can produce random numbers between
0 and 1000, as the bits do not change value altogether simultaneously.
Equivalence between decimal, BCD and Gray:
H
Hyperlink
The hyperlink function enables links to be created between your project and external
documents. You can create hyperlinks in all the elements of the project directory, in
the variables, in the processing screen objects, etc.
The external documents can be web pages, files (xls, pdf, wav, mp3, jpg, gif, etc.).
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Glossary
I
I/O Object
An I/O object is an implicit or explicit language object for an expert function module
or a I/O device on a fieldbus. They are of the following types: %Ch, %I, %IW, %ID,
%IF, %Q, %QW, % QD, QF, %KW, %KD, %KF, %MW, %MD, and %MF.
The objects topological address depends on the modules position on the rack or
the devices position on the bus.
(for example %MD0.6.0.11, %MF0.6.0.31).
IEC 61131-3
International standard: Programmable Logic Controls
Part 3: Programming languages.
IL
IL is the abbreviation of Instruction List.
This language is a series of basic instructions.
This language is very close to the assembly language used to program processors.
Each instruction is composed of an instruction code and an operand.
INF
Used to indicate that a number overruns the allowed limits.
For a number of Integers, the value ranges (shown in gray) are as follows:

less than -3.402824e+38, the symbol -INF (for -infinite) is displayed,
greater than +3.402824e+38, the symbol +INF (for +infinite) is displayed.
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Glossary
Instantiate
To instantiate an object is to allocate a memory space whose size depends on the
type of object to be instantiated. When an object is instantiated, it exists and can be
manipulated by the program.
INT
INT is the abbreviation of single integer format (coded on 16 bits).
The lower and upper limits are as follows: -(2 to the power of 31) to (2 to the power
of 31) - 1.
Example:
-32768, 32767, 2#1111110001001001, 16#9FA4.
Integer literals
Integer literal are used to enter integer values in the decimal system. The values can
have a preceding sign (+/-). Individual underlines (_ ) between numbers are not
significant.
Example:
-12, 0, 123_456, +986
IODDT
IODDT is the abbreviation of Input/Output Derived Data Type.
The term IODDT designates a structured data type representing a module or a
channel of a PLC module. Each application expert module possesses its own
IODDTs.
K
Keyword
A keyword is a unique combination of characters used as a syntactical programming
language element (See annex B definition of the IEC standard 61131-3. All the key
words used in Unity Pro and of this standard are listed in annex C of the IEC
standard 61131-3. These keywords cannot be used as identifiers in your program
(names of variables, sections, DFB types, etc.)).
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Glossary
L
LD
LD is the abbreviation of Ladder Diagram.
LD is a programming language, representing the instructions to be carried out in the
form of graphic diagrams very close to a schematic electrical diagram (contacts,
coils, etc.).
Located variable
A located variable is a variable for which it is possible to know its position in the PLC
memory. For example, the variable Water_pressure, is associated with%MW102.
Water_pressure is said to be localized.
M
Macro step
A macro step is the symbolic representation of a unique set of steps and transitions,
beginning with an input step and ending with an output step.
A macro step can call another macro step.
Master task
Main program task.
It is obligatory and is used to carry out sequential processing of the PLC.
Mono Task
An application comprising a single task, and so necessarily the Master task.
Multi task
Application comprising several tasks (Mast, Fast, Auxiliary, event processing).
The order of priority for the execution of tasks is defined by the operating system of
the PLC.
Multiple token
Operating mode of an SFC. In multitoken mode, the SFC may possess several
active steps at the same time.
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Glossary
N
Naming convention (identifier)
An identifier is a sequence of letters, numbers and underlines beginning with a letter
or underline (e.g., name of a function block type, an instance, a variable or a
section). Letters from national character sets (e.g., , , , ) can be used except in
project and DFB names. Underlines are significant in identifiers; e.g., A_BCD and
AB_CD are interpreted as different identifiers. Multiple leading underlines and
consecutive underlines are invalid.
Identifiers cannot contain spaces. Not case sensitive; e.g., ABCD and abcd are
interpreted as the same identifier.
According to IEC 61131-3 leading digits are not allowed in identifiers. Nevertheless,
you can use them if you activate the check box Allow leading digits in the Tools
Project settings Variables dialog .
Identifiers cannot be keywords.
NAN
Used to indicate that a result of an operation is not a number (NAN = Not A Number).
Example: calculating the square root of a negative number.
NOTE: The IEC 559 standard defines two classes of NAN: quiet NAN (QNAN) and
signaling NaN (SNaN) QNAN is a NAN with the most significant fraction bit set and a
SNAN is a NAN with the most significant fraction bit clear (Bit number 22). QNANs are
allowed to propagate through most arithmetic operations without signaling an
exception. SNAN generally signal an invalid-operation exception whenever they
appear as operands in arithmetic operations (See %SW17 and %S18).
Network
Mainly used in communication, a network is a group of stations which communicate
among one another. The term network is also used to define a group of interconnected graphic elements. This group forms then a part of a program which may be
composed of a group of networks.
O
Operator screen
This is an editor that is integrated into Unity Pro, which is used to facilitate the
operation of an automated process. The user regulates and monitors the operation
of the installation, and, in the event of any problems, can act quickly and simply.
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Glossary
P
Periodic execution
The master task is executed either cyclically or periodically. In periodic mode, you
determine a specific time (period) in which the master task must be executed. If it is
executed under this time, a waiting time is generated before the next cycle. If it is
executed over this time, a control system indicates the overrun. If the overrun is too
high, the PLC is stopped.
Procedure
Procedures are functions view technically. The only difference to elementary
functions is that procedures can take up more than one output and they support data
type VAR_IN_OUT. To the eye, procedures are no different than elementary
functions.
Procedures are a supplement to IEC 61131-3.
Protection
Option preventing the contents of a program element to be read (read protected), or
to write or modify the contents of a program element (read/write protected).
The protection is confirmed by a password.
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Glossary
R
REAL
Real type is a coded type in 32 bits.
The ranges of possible values are illustrated in gray in the following diagram:

between -1.175494e-38 and 1.175494e-38 it is considered as a DEN,
less than -3.4028234e+38, the symbol -INF (for - infinite) is displayed,
greater than +3.4028234e+38, the symbol INF (for +infinite) is displayed,
undefined (square root of a negative number), the symbol NAN or NAN is
displayed.
NOTE: The IEC 559 standard defines two classes of NAN: quiet NAN (QNAN) and
signaling NaN (SNaN) QNAN is a NAN with the most significant fraction bit set and a
SNAN is a NAN with the most significant fraction bit clear (Bit number 22). QNANs are
allowed to propagate through most arithmetic operations without signaling an
exception. SNAN generally signal an invalid-operation exception whenever they
appear as operands in arithmetic operations (See %SW17 and %S18).
NOTE: when an operand is a DEN (De-normalized number) the result is not
significant.
Real literals
An literal real value is a number expressed in one or more decimals.
Example:
-12.0, 0.0, +0.456, 3.14159_26
Real literals with exponent
An Literal decimal value can be expressed using standard scientific notation. The
representation is as follows: mantissa + exponential.
Example:
-1.34E-12 or -1.34e-12
1.0E+6 or 1.0e+6
1.234E6 or 1.234e6
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Glossary
RS 232C
Serial communication standard which defines the voltage of the following service:
a signal of +12 V indicates a logical 0,
a signal of -12 V indicates a logical 1.
There is, however, in the case of any attenuation of the signal, detection provided
up to the limits -3 V and +3 V.
Between these two limits, the signal will be considered as invalid.
RS 232 connections are quite sensitive to interference. The standard specifies not
to exceed a distance of 15 m or a maximum of 9600 bauds (bits/s).
RS 485
Serial connection standard that operates in 10 V/+5 V differential. It uses two wires
for send/receive. Their "3 states" outputs enable them to switch to listen mode when
the transmission is terminated.
RUN
Function enabling the startup of the application program of the PLC.
RUN Auto
Function enabling the execution of the PLC application program to be started
automatically in the case of a cold start.
Rung
A rung is the equivalent of a sequence in LD; other related terms are "Ladder
network" or, more generally, "Network". A rung is inscribed between two potential
bars of an LD editor and is composed of a group of graphic elements interconnected
by means of horizontal or vertical connections. The dimensions of a rung are 17 to
256 lines and 11 to 64 columns maximum.
S
Section
Program module belonging to a task which can be written in the language chosen
by the programmer (FBD, LD, ST, IL, or SFC).
A task can be composed of several sections, the order of execution of the sections
corresponding to the order in which they are created, and being modifiable.
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Glossary
SFC
SFC is the abbreviation of Sequential Function Chart.
SFC enables the operation of a sequential automation device to be represented
graphically and in a structured manner. This graphic description of the sequential
behavior of an automation device, and the various situations which result from it, is
performed using simple graphic symbols.
SFC objects
An SFC object is a data structure representing the status properties of an action or
transition of a sequential chart.
Single token
Operating mode of an SFC chart for which only a single step can be active at any
one time.
ST
ST is the abbreviation of Structured Text language.
Structured Text language is an elaborated language close to computer
programming languages. It enables you to structure series of instructions.
STRING
A variable of the type STRING is an ASCII standard character string. A character
string has a maximum length of 65534 characters.
Structure
View in the project navigator with represents the project structure.
Subroutine
Program module belonging to a task (Mast, Fast, Aux) which can be written in the
language chosen by the programmer (FBD, LD, ST, or IL).
A subroutine may only be called by a section or by another subroutine belonging to
the task in which it is declared.
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Glossary
T
Task
A group of sections and subroutines, executed cyclically or periodically for the MAST
task, or periodically for the FAST task.
A task possesses a level of priority and is linked to inputs and outputs of the PLC.
These I/O are refreshed in consequence.
TIME
The type TIME expresses a duration in milliseconds. Coded in 32 bits, this type
makes it possible to obtain periods from 0 to (2 to the power of 32)-1 milliseconds.
Time literals
The units of type TIME are the following: the days (d), the hours (h), the minutes (m),
the seconds (s) and the milliseconds (ms). A literal value of the type TIME is
represented by a combination of previous types preceded by T#, t#, TIME# or
time#.
Examples: T#25h15m, t#14.7S, TIME#5d10h23m45s3ms
Time Out
In communication projects, The Time out is a delay after which the communication
is stopped if there is no answer of the target device.
TIME_OF_DAY
see TOD
TOD
TOD is the abbreviation of Time of Day.
The TOD type coded in BCD in 32 bit format contains the following information:
the hour coded in a 8-bit field,
the minutes coded in an 8-bit field,
the seconds coded in an 8-bit field.
The Time of Day type is entered as follows: TOD#<Hour>:<Minutes>:<Seconds>
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Glossary

Field
Limits
Comment
Hour
[00,23]
The left 0 is always displayed, but can be omitted at the time of

entry
Minute
[00,59]

entry
Second
[00,59]

entry
Example: TOD#23:59:45.
Token
An active step of an SFC is known as a token.
U
UDINT
UDINT is the abbreviation of Unsigned Double Integer format (coded on 32 bits)
unsigned. The lower and upper limits are as follows: 0 to (2 to the power of 32) - 1.
Example:
0, 4294967295, 2#11111111111111111111111111111111, 8#37777777777,
16#FFFFFFFF.
UINT
UINT is the abbreviation of Unsigned integer format (coded on 16 bits). The lower
and upper limits are as follows: 0 to (2 to the power of 16) - 1.
Example:
0, 65535, 2#1111111111111111, 8#177777, 16#FFFF.
Unlocated variable
An unlocated variable is a variable for which it is impossible to know its position in
the PLC memory. A variable which have no address assigned is said to be
unlocated.
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Glossary
V
Variable
Memory entity of the type BOOL, WORD, DWORD, etc., whose contents can be modified
by the program during execution.
Visualization window
This window, also called a watch window, displays the variables that cannot be
animated in the language editors. Only those variables that are visible at a given
time in the editor are displayed.
W
Watch point
Used in the "debug" mode of the application.
It enables the display of animated variables to be synchronized with the execution
of a program element (containing the watch point) in order to ascertain their values
at this precise point of the program.
WORD
The WORD type is coded in 16 bit format and is used to carry out processing on bit
strings.
This table shows the lower/upper limits of the bases which can be used:
Base
Lower limit
Upper limit
Hexadecimal
16#0
16#FFFF
Octal
8#0
8#177777
Binary
2#0
2#1111111111111111
Representation examples
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Data content
0000000011010011
16#D3
1010101010101010
8#125252
0000000011010011
2#11010011
717
Glossary
718
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Unity Pro
Index
35006144 07/2012
B
AC
Index
Symbols
%S, 158
%SW
generic, 179
Modicon M340, 238
Premium, 208
Quantum, 221
CAL, 494
CASE...OF...END_CASE
ST, 547
channel data structure, 291, 293
cold start, 131, 142
comparison
IL, 486
LD, 388
ST, 534
compatibility
data types, 306
A
ADD
IL, 490
addressing
data instances, 319
input/output, 319
Alignment constraint, 288
AND
IL, 489
ST, 537
ANY_ARRAY, 302
ARRAY, 282
automatic start in RUN, 131
B
BOOL, 255
BYTE, 279
35006144 07/2012
D
D
SFC, 432
data instances, 311
data types, 251
DATE, 266
DDT, 281
derived data types (DDT), 281, 285
derived function block (DFB), 581
representation, 295, 586
Device derived data types (DDDT), 281
DFB
representation, 586
diagnostics DFB, 625
DINT, 260
DIV
IL, 491
719
Index
DS
SFC, 432
DT, 268
DWORD, 279
E
EBOOL, 255
EDT, 251
EFB, 294
elementary data types (EDT), 251
elementary function block (EFB), 294, 295
ELSE, 545
ELSIF...THEN, 546
EN/ENO
FBD, 351
IL, 505, 515, 523
LD, 383
ST, 564, 572, 577
EQ
IL, 492
error codes, 629
event processing, 97
EXIT, 553
I
IEC Compliance, 661
IF...THEN...END_IF
ST, 544
IN_OUT
FBD, 353
IL, 516, 523
LD, 386
ST, 572, 578
input/output
addressing, 319
instruction list (IL)
language, 475, 501, 506, 518
operators, 486
structure, 477
INT, 260
J
JMP
FBD, 355
IL, 494, 497
LD, 387
SFC, 440
ST, 557
F
FBD
language, 341, 344
structure, 342
floating point, 269
FOR...TO...BY...DO...END_FOR
ST, 548
forced bits, 255
G
GE
IL, 492
GT
IL, 492
L
L
SFC, 432
labels
FBD, 355
IL, 497
LD, 387
ST, 557
LD
language, 369, 376
structure, 370
LD operators
IL, 369
LE
IL, 493
LT, 493
HALT, 156
720
35006144 07/2012
Index
memory structures, 115

Modicon M340, 117
MOD
IL, 491
ST, 535
Modicon M340
memory structures, 117
State RAM, 117
MUL
IL, 490
IL, 488
LD, 374
SFC, 432
REAL, 269
REPEAT...UNTIL...END_REPEAT, 552
RETURN
FBD, 355
IL, 495
LD, 387
ST, 555
NE
IL, 493
NOT
IL, 490
O
operate, 388
OR
IL, 489
ST, 538
P
P
SFC, 432
P0
SFC, 432
P1
SFC, 432
private variables
DFB, 596
FBD, 350, 382, 508, 568
public variables
DFB, 596
FBD, 349
IL, 508
LD, 382
ST, 567
35006144 07/2012
S
IL, 488
LD, 374
SFC, 432
sections, 84, 85
SFC
language, 413, 429
structure, 415
SFCCHART_STATE, 417
SFCSTEP_STATE, 423
SFCSTEP_TIMES, 423
State RAM
Modicon M340, 117
state RAM of Modicon M340
RUN mode, 143
STOP mode, 143
STRING, 274
structure, 281
structured text (ST)
instructions, 539
language, 527, 560, 566, 574
operators, 534
structure, 529
SUB
IL, 490
subroutines, 84, 88
system bits, 158
721
Index
system words, 179

Modicon M340, 238
Premium, 208, 213
Quantum, 221, 228
T
tasks, 77, 81
cyclic, 92
periodic, 93
TIME, 262
TOD, 267
U
UDINT, 260
UINT, 260
W
warm start, 131
watchdogs
mono-task, 94
multi-task, 102
WHILE...DO...END_WHILE
ST, 551
WORD, 279
X
XOR
IL, 489
ST, 538
722
35006144 07/2012

Unity Pro Programming

Uploaded by

Unity Pro Programming

Uploaded by

Unity Pro

The information provided in this documentation contains general descriptions and/or

Part I General Presentation of Unity Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Capabilities of Unity Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Part II Application Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 2 Description of the Available Functions for Each Type of

Functions Available for the Different Types of PLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 3 Application Program Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2 Description of Sections and Subroutines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 4 Application Memory Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 5 Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.1 Modicon M340 PLCs Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 6 System Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.1 System Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Part III Data Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 7 General Overview of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 8 Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.1 Elementary Data Types (EDT) in Binary Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 9 Data Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Data Type Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 10 Data References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

References to Data Instances by Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Part IV Programming Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 12 Ladder Diagram (LD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General Information about the LD Ladder Diagram Language . . . . . . . . .

SFC Sequence Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.1 General Information about SFC Sequence Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Branches and Merges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 14 Instruction List (IL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General Information about the IL Instruction List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 15 Structured Text (ST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General Information about the Structured Text ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Repeat Instruction REPEAT...UNTIL...END_REPEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Part V User Function Blocks (DFB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 16 Overview of User Function Blocks (DFB). . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 17 Description of User Function Blocks (DFB). . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 18 User Function Blocks (DFB) Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 19 Use of the DFBs from the Different Programming

Chapter 20 User Diagnostics DFB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Presentation of User Diagnostic DFBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix A EFB Error Codes and Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tables of Error Codes for the Base Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tables of Error Codes for the CONT_CTL Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix B IEC Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General Information regarding IEC 61131-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

About the Book

General Presentation of Unity Pro

User Application and Project File Formats

Function Block Diagram FBD

Ladder Diagram (LD) Language

General Information about SFC Sequence Language

Capabilities of Unity Pro

Unity Pro XLS

Unity Pro XLS

BMX P34 1000

BMX P34 1000

BMX P34 1000

Unity Pro XLS

All CPUs except:

140 CPU 311 10

Software components contained in the software package

Menu bar (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes)

Toolbar (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes)

Project Browser (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes)

Editor window (programming language editors, data editor, etc.)

Register tabs for direct access to the editor window

Information window (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes) (provides information

Status bar (see Unity Pro, Operating Modes)

User Application and Project File Formats

The project can be saved at any stage

Not convenient when transferring project

(consistent or inconsistent) through the

entire internal database is present in the

due to the very large size of the file.

from one version to another.

Automatic creation of BAK files

Create Unity Pro Application Exchange File (.ZEF or .XEF)

Restoring Unity Pro Application Exchange File (.ZEF or .XEF)

Open the .ZEF or .XEF file from File Open menu.