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    Fresnel Zone - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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    Md Irshad Alam
    The document discusses Fresnel zones, which are concentric ellipsoids that define volumes in the radiation pattern of a circular aperture resulting from diffraction. Fresnel zones determine whether reflected signals will be in or out of phase with direct signals. Obstacles within the first Fresnel zone can most significantly degrade signal strength.

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    Fresnel Zone - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

    Uploaded by

    Md Irshad Alam
    138 views4 pages
    The document discusses Fresnel zones, which are concentric ellipsoids that define volumes in the radiation pattern of a circular aperture resulting from diffraction. Fresnel zones determine whether reflected signals will be in or out of phase with direct signals. Obstacles within the first Fresnel zone can most significantly degrade signal strength.

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    The document discusses Fresnel zones, which are concentric ellipsoids that define volumes in the radiation pattern of a circular aperture resulting from diffraction. Fresnel zones determine whether reflected signals will be in or out of phase with direct signals. Obstacles within the first Fresnel zone can most significantly degrade signal strength.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    138 views4 pages

    Fresnel Zone - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

    Uploaded by

    Md Irshad Alam
    The document discusses Fresnel zones, which are concentric ellipsoids that define volumes in the radiation pattern of a circular aperture resulting from diffraction. Fresnel zones determine whether reflected signals will be in or out of phase with direct signals. Obstacles within the first Fresnel zone can most significantly degrade signal strength.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    5/25/2015

    FresnelzoneWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    Fresnelzone
    FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    Inopticsandradiocommunications(indeed,inanysituation
    involvingtheradiationofwaves,whichincludes
    electrodynamics,acoustics,gravitationalradiationand
    seismology),aFresnelzone(/frenl/frayNEL),namedfor
    physicistAugustinJeanFresnel,isoneofa(theoretically
    infinite)numberofconcentricellipsoidswhichdefine
    volumesintheradiationpatternofa(usually)circular
    aperture.Fresnelzonesresultfromdiffractionbythecircular
    aperture.[1]Thecrosssectionofthefirst(innermost)Fresnel
    zoneiscircular.SubsequentFresnelzonesareannular
    (doughnutshaped)in
    crosssection,and
    concentricwiththe
    first.

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    Contents
    1Importance
    ofFresnel
    zones
    2
    Determining
    Fresnelzone
    clearance
    3Seealso
    4References
    5External
    links

    Fresnelzone:Disthedistancebetweenthetransmitterandthereceiverristheradius
    ofthefirstFresnelzone(n=1)atpointP.Pisd1awayfromthetransmitter,andd2
    awayfromthereceiver.

    ImportanceofFresnelzones
    Ifunobstructed,radiowaveswilltravelinastraightlinefromthetransmittertothereceiver.Butifthere
    arereflectivesurfacesalongthepath,suchasbodiesofwaterorsmoothterrain,theradiowaves
    reflectingoffthosesurfacesmayarriveeitheroutofphaseorinphasewiththesignalsthattravel
    directlytothereceiver.WavesthatreflectoffofsurfaceswithinanevenFresnelzoneareoutofphase
    withthedirectpathwaveandreducethepowerofthereceivedsignal.Wavesthatreflectoffofsurfaces
    withinanoddFresnelzoneareinphasewiththedirectpathwaveandcanenhancethepowerofthe
    receivedsignal.Sometimesthisresultsinthecounterintuitivefindingthatreducingtheheightofan
    antennaincreasesthesignaltonoiseratio.
    Fresnelprovidedameanstocalculatewherethezonesarewhereagivenobstaclewillcausemostlyin
    phaseormostlyoutofphasereflectionsbetweenthetransmitterandthereceiver.Obstaclesinthefirst
    Fresnelzonewillcreatesignalswithapathlengthphaseshiftof0to180degrees,inthesecondzone
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_zone

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    theywillbe180to360degreesoutofphase,andsoon.Evennumberedzoneshavethemaximumphase
    cancellingeffectandoddnumberedzonesmayactuallyaddtothesignalpower.[2]
    Tomaximizereceiverstrength,oneneedstominimizetheeffectofobstructionlossbyremoving
    obstaclesfromtheradiofrequencylineofsight(RFLoS).Thestrongestsignalsareonthedirectline
    betweentransmitterandreceiverandalwayslieinthefirstFresnelzone.

    DeterminingFresnelzoneclearance
    TheconceptofFresnelzoneclearancemaybeused
    toanalyzeinterferencebyobstaclesnearthepathof
    aradiobeam.Thefirstzonemustbekeptlargely
    freefromobstructionstoavoidinterferingwiththe
    radioreception.However,someobstructionofthe
    Fresnelzonescanoftenbetolerated.Asaruleof
    thumbthemaximumobstructionallowableis40%,
    buttherecommendedobstructionis20%orless.
    ForestablishingFresnelzones,firstdeterminethe
    RFLineofSight(RFLoS),whichinsimpletermsis
    astraightlinebetweenthetransmittingandreceiving
    antennas.NowthezonesurroundingtheRFLoSis
    saidtobetheFresnelzone.[3]
    ThegeneralequationforcalculatingtheFresnel
    zoneradiusatanypointPinbetweentheendpoints
    ofthelinkisthefollowing:

    where,
    Fn=ThenthFresnelZoneradiusinmetres

    SeveralexamplesofhowtheFresnelzonecanbe
    disrupted.

    d1=ThedistanceofPfromoneendinmetres
    d2=ThedistanceofPfromtheotherendinmetres
    =Thewavelengthofthetransmittedsignalinmetres
    ThecrosssectionalradiusofeachFresnelzoneisthelongestatthemidpointoftheRFLoS,shrinkingto
    apointattheantennaoneachend.Forpracticalapplications,itisoftenusefultoknowthemaximum
    radiusofthefirstFresnelzone.Fromtheaboveformula,thefollowingformulascanbederived,using
    ,

    ,and

    .Nowwehaveaneasywaytocalculatetheradiusofthefirst

    Fresnelzone(F1intheaboveequation),knowingthedistancebetweenthetwoantennasandthe
    frequencyofthetransmittedsignal.
    InSI:
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_zone

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    where
    r=radiusinmetres
    D=totaldistanceinkilometres
    f=frequencytransmittedingigahertz.
    Orinimperialunits:

    where
    r=radiusinfeet
    D=totaldistanceinmiles
    f=frequencytransmittedinGigahertz.

    Seealso
    Diversityscheme
    Ellipse#Elliptical
    reflectorsandacoustics
    Fresneldiffraction
    Fresnelintegral

    Fresnelnumber
    Fresnelzoneplate
    Fresnelzoneantenna
    Microwave

    Nearfield
    Pathloss
    Rainfade
    Weissberger'sModel

    References
    1. "Fresnelzone"(http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs1037/dir016/_2398.htm).its.bldrdoc.gov.Retrieved
    20080221.
    2. "WirelessFresnelZonesandtheirEffect"(http://www.zytrax.com/tech/wireless/fresnel.htm).zytrax.com.
    Retrieved20080221.
    3. "FresnelZoneClearance"(http://www.softwright.com/faq/engineering/Fresnel%20Zone%20Clearance.html).
    softwright.com.Retrieved20080221.

    ThisarticleincorporatespublicdomainmaterialfromtheGeneralServicesAdministration
    document"FederalStandard1037C"(http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs1037/fs1037c.htm)(in
    supportofMILSTD188).

    Externallinks
    FresnelZoneCalculatorandElevationChart
    (http://www.geocontext.org/publ/2010/04/profiler/en/?
    a=51.493505021366715,0.010830760002136&b=51.476855897332214,0.000549852848053&a
    b=1&maptype=hybrid&f=240050m)
    FresnelZoneCalculator(http://www.afar.net/fresnelzonecalculator/)
    FENFresnelZoneCalculator(http://wisprouter.com/wirelesscalculators.php#fresnel)
    MoreFresnelZoneDetails(http://www.digi.com/support/kbase/kbaseresultdetl?id=2090)
    R.E.Sherriff,UnderstandingtheFresnelzone
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_zone

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    (http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/geophysical/sheriff/index.htm)
    VHF/UHF/MicrowaveRadioPropagation:APrimerforDigitalExperimenters
    (http://www.tapr.org/ve3jf.dcc97.html)
    Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_zone&oldid=650181320"
    Categories: Diffraction Radiofrequencypropagation
    Thispagewaslastmodifiedon6March2015,at18:53.
    TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionalterms
    mayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipediaisa
    registeredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_zone

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