Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

1
 (14+7)! 
This print-out should have 20 questions.
14!7!
Multiple-choice questions may continue on

= kb ln 
(14+5)!
the next column or page find all choices
14!5!


before answering.
21 20
= kb ln
76
001 10.0 points


21 10
Using the Einstein model of a solid, what
= kb ln
is the change in entropy when adding two
73
quanta of energy to a system of 5 atoms that
= kb ln (10)
already has 5 quanta of energy stored in it?


16!
1. S = kB ln
7! 7
 
10
002 10.0 points
2. S = kB ln
A ball of putty with mass m falls vertically
7
 
onto the outer rim of a turntable of radius
10!
3. S = kB ln
R and moment of inertia I0 that is rotating
7!
 
freely with angular speed i about its vertical
17
fixed symmetry axis, i.e. the turntable is
4. S = kB ln
6
horizontal.
What is the post-collision angular speed of
5. S = kB ln (10) correct
the
turntable plus putty?


21!
i
6. S = kB ln
1. f =
14! 7!


m R2
21
2+
7. S = kB ln
I0
75
i


correct
2. f =
20!
m R2
8. S = kB ln
1+
7! 5!
I0


i
20!
3. f =
9. S = kB ln
m R3
14! 5!
m
+


I0
21!
i
10. S = kB ln
4. f =
7! 5!
m R4
1
+
Explanation:
I0
i
Entropy is defined as S = kB ln where
5. f =
mR
is the number of possible microstates, which
1+
is the number of ways to arrange q quanta in
I0
i
n harmonic oscillators, i.e.
6. f =
mR
(n 1 + q)!
2+
=
I0
(n 1)! q!
i
7. f =
m R3
Here, n 1 = 3 5 1 = 14 and initially
1+
qi = 5, but in the final state qf = 7. Thus,
I0

i
the change in entropy is
8. f =
m R4
2+
I0
S = Sf Si
i




9. f =
(14 + 7)!
(14 + 5)!
m R3
= kb ln
kb ln
2m +
14! 7!
14! 5!
I0

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

i
10. f =
m R3
3m +
I0
Explanation:
The final rotational inertia of the turntableplus-putty is
If = I0 + Iblob = I0 + m R2 .
Since there is no external torque on the system
of the putty plus the turntable, we know Lf =
L i = I 0 i .

Initially, there are 90 quanta in block one

and 10 quanta in block 2, but the system is
not in equilibrium. At equilibrium, there are
60 quanta in block 1 and 40 quanta in block
2. The initial slopes of the entropy curves
are indicated in the figure as m1 and m2 ,
respectively. After the system reaches equilibrium, what will be the relationship between
the slopes of the two curves.
1. m1 = m2 = 0
2. m1 > m2
1
m2
2

I f f = I 0 0
I 0 i
f =
If
I 0 i
f =
I0 + m R 2
i
.
=
m R2
1+
I0

3. m1 =

003

8. m1 < m2

10.0 points

4. the slopes do not change

5. more information is needed
6. m1 = m2 correct
7. m1 = m2 =

Explanation:
The slope of the entropy curve gives the
temperature of each block with a given quanta
of energy in that block. When equilibrium is
reached, the temperatures will be the same
so the slopes should be the same. However,
the axis for block 2 is reversed so the correct
answer is m1 = m2 .

Consider an isolated system with 100

quanta of energy distributed between two
blocks in contact. Block 1 has 300 quantum
mechanical harmonic oscillators and Block 2
has 200 oscillators. The figure shows plots of
entropy of block 1 S1 and entropy of block 2
S2 versus quanta q. Note that the entropy of
block 2 is plotted with its x-axis reversed so
that m2 has a positive upward slope in the
figure.

004 10.0 points

A flywheel with a very low friction bearing
takes 1.4 h to stop after the motor power
is turned off. The flywheel was originally
rotating at = 5.23599 rad/s.
Assuming the angular deceleration is constant, how many revolutions does the flywheel
make before it stops? Remember that the
number of revolutions is given by the /2.
1. 2100.0
2. 2832.0
3. 1848.0
4. 1824.0
5. 1530.0

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

6. 2592.0
7. 2862.0
8. 3654.0
9. 3888.0
10. 2067.0

~ and P
~ correct
6. L

Correct answer: 2100 rev.

Explanation:
Let :

t = 1.4 h .

The angular acceleration of the flywheel is

=

0
,
t

so the angle through which it rotates before

stopping is given by


1 0
1
2
t2
= 0 t + t = 0 t +
2
2
t
1
= 0 t
2
1
3600 s 1 rev
= (5.23599 rad/s) (1.4 h)
2
1h
2
= 2100 rev .

005 10.0 points

A sticky blob strikes and sticks to a free rod,
which is initially at rest, as shown.

Explanation:
The mechanical energy of the system is not
conserved because this is not an elastic collision, but the linear momentum and angular
momentum are always conserved in such free
collisions.
006 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
A mass m is located at a distance R from
the center of a planet of mass M . The initial
speed of m is v0 and its velocity vector makes
an angle with respect to the line joining the
mass and the center of the planet. You can
assume that the planet remains stationary in
course of the motion of the projectile.
Find the magnitude of the angular momentum of the mass m relative to the center of
the plant.
1. mv0 R sin + M v0 R sin
2. M v0 R sin
3. 0
4. mv0 R sin correct
5. mv0 R cos M v0 R cos
6. M v0 R cos
7. mv0 R sin M v0 R sin

Let E be the mechanical energy of the sys~ the linear momentum of the system,
tem, P
~ the angular momentum of the system.
and L
What is conserved?
~ and E
1. L
~ only
2. L
~ P
~ , and E
3. L,
~ only
4. P
~ and E
5. P

8. mv0 R cos
Explanation:
The magnitude of the angular momentum
vector,
~ m | = |~r ~p| = mv0 R sin .
|L
~r is the position of the mass m w.r.t. center
of the planet and ~p is the momentum vector
of the mass.
007 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What is the magnitude of the net torque on
the mass m about the center of the planet?

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

1. 0 correct

4. v2 = 2

2. GmM sin /R

5. v2 = v1

3. GmM cos /R

6. v2 =

4. GmM/R
5. GmM cos /R2
6. GmM sin /R2
7. Need more information
Explanation:
The net torque on the mass m due to the
gravitational attraction of the planet,
~ grav .
~ = ~r F
~ grav are anti-parallel at all times,
Since ~r and F
~ = 0 always.
008 10.0 points
A small puck moves in a circle on a frictionless
airtable. The circular motion is enforced by
string tied to the puck and going through a
tiny hole in the middle of the table. Initially,
the puck moves in a circle of radius R1 at
speed v1 . But later the string is pulled down
through the hole forcing the puck to move in
1
a smaller circle of radius R2 = R1 .
2

2 v1

1
v1
2
1
7. v2 = v1
2 2

8. v2 = 2 v1 correct
1
v1
4

10. v2 = 2 v1
9. v2 =

Explanation:
Let the hole in the airtable be the origin
of our coordinate system. Because the hole
is tiny, the string always pulls the puck in
the radial direction. Consequently, the string
~ has zero torque (about the
tension force T
origin). The other two forces on the puck
~ and the normal force N
~ of the
the weight W
table cancel each other and each others
torques. Altogether, we have zero net torque,
so the angular momentum of the puck must
be conserved:
~ =R
~ m~v = const.
L
When the puck moves in a circle, the direction
of the angular momentum is vertically up, and
its magnitude is L = m v R . This is true both
before and after the string being pulled down,
so

L = m v1 R1 = m v2 R2
R1
v2 =
v1 = 2 v1 .
R2

009
A force
What is the new speed of the puck?
1
1. v2 = v1
2
2. v2 = 0
3. v2 = 4 v1

10.0 points

~ = (8 + 6) N
F

acts at a distance from the point of rotation

given by
~r = (5 + 3) m,
where and are unit vectors pointing in the
+x and +y directions respectively. What is

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

the torque about the point of rotation created

by this force? (Note that k is a unit vector
pointing in the +z direction.)

12 cm

Nm
1. (54k)

6 kg

2. (6) N m
N m correct
3. (54k)

22 kg
h

Nm
4. (54 + 63k)
5. (63 + 54) N m
Nm
6. (33 63k)
Nm
7. (33 + 63k)
Nm
8. (6k)
9. (54) N m
10. (63 6) N m
Explanation:
~ . Because both
Torque is defined as ~r F
vectors are in the xy plane, their cross product
must be in the z direction. So we only need
to look at the z-component of the cross product. The z component of the cross product
will be

rx Fy ry Fx = 54 N m.

Nm .
So the resultant vector is (54k)
010 10.0 points
Two masses of 22 kg and 17 kg are suspended
by a pulley that has a radius of 12 cm and
a mass of 6 kg. The cord has a negligible
mass and causes the pulley to rotate without
slipping. The pulley rotates without friction
1
its moment of inertia is given by I = M R2 .
2

17 kg
Determine the angular acceleration of the
pulley after the masses are released and before
they fall off of the pulley.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
1. 9.72222
2. 24.9277
3. 55.3672
4. 23.445
5. 19.3604
6. 8.68794
7. 19.963
8. 21.1755
9. 20.1873
10. 11.2
Correct answer: 9.72222 rad/s2 .
Explanation:
Let : M = 6 kg ,
R = 12 cm ,
m1 = 22 kg , and
m2 = 17 kg
The tension in the cord attached to the
first mass T1 is different than the tension in
the cord attached to the second mass T2 . We
must use both the Momentum Principle and
the Angular Momentum Principle to solve the
problem.
The Momentum Principle for m1 gives:
m1 (a) = T1 m1 g
T1 = m1 g m1 a
where we have taken care to make the acceleration negative since it will be positive for

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

m2
m2 (+a) = T2 m2 g
T2 = m2 g + m2 a
So far we have two equations and three unknown: T1 , T2 , and a. However, the Angular
Momentum Principle gives us another equation
I = net
= T1 R T2 R
where again we have taken care to get the
signs of alpha and the torque correct. We can
now plug in the expressions for tension while
making the substitution that a = R since
there the cord does not slip.

3. 93.1875
4. 76.125
5. 53.8125
6. 108.938
7. 89.25
8. 44.625
9. 98.4375
10. 30.1875
Correct answer: 89.25 kgm2 /s.

Explanation:
The rotational angular momentum is the
angular momentum of the system about its
center of mass. As the objects are of equal
mass, the center of mass of the system is
halfway between them. Summing the angular
momentum of each mass,

I = (m1 g m1 R)R (m2 g + m2 R)R

= +(m1 m2 )gR (m1 R2 + m2 R2 )
= [(m1 m2 )gR]/(I + m1 R2 + m2 R2 )
= 9.72222 rad/s2 .
011 10.0 points
In the figure, two objects of the same mass
m = 2.1 kg are connected by a massless rod
of length d = 1.25 m. At a particular instant
they have velocity magnitudes that are v1 =
19 m/s and v2 = 87 m/s, respectively. The
system is moving in outer space far from any
other objects. The x direction is to the right,
y is up, and z is out of the page toward you.
m
b

~ rot = ~r1,CM ~p1 + ~r2,CM ~p2

L
d
= h0, , 0i hm v1 , 0, 0i
2
d
+ h0, , 0i hm v2 , 0, 0i
2
= h0, 0, (0.625 m)[(2.1 kg)(87 m/s) (2.1 kg)(1
= h0, 0, 89.25 kg m2 /si .

v1
The magnitude is thus 89.25 kg m2 /s .

b
v2
m
What is the magnitude of the rotational
angular momentum Lrot of the system?
1. 97.125
2. 99.75

012 10.0 points

Consider a uniform ladder leaning against
a smooth wall and resting on a smooth floor
at point P . There is a rope stretched horizontally, with one end tied to the bottom of the
ladder essentially at P and the other end to
the wall. The top of the ladder is at a height
is h up the wall and the base of the ladder is
at a distance b from the wall.

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

7
F

W1

d
P

W1

W2 T

W2

P ivot

Nf

b
The weight of the ladder is W1 . 
Jill, with


a weight W2 , is one-fourth the way d =

4
up the ladder. The force which the wall exerts
on the ladder is F .
What is the torque equation about P ?
h
W2 + h W1 = F b
2
h
2. (W1 + W2 ) = F b
2
h
h
3. W2 + W1 = F b
4
2
b
4. W2 + b W1 = F h
2
b
5. (W1 + W2 ) = F h
2
b
b
6. W2 + W1 = F h correct
4
2
1.

Applying rotational equilibrium,

X

P = W2 d cos +W1

cos F sin = 0 ,
2

where d is the distance of the person from the

h
bottom of the ladder, sin =
and cos =

b
.

2 F sin = 2 W2 d cos + W1 cos

db
+ W1 b
2 F h = 2 W2

b
= 2 W2 + W1 b
4
b
b
F h = W2 + W1
4
2
013 10.0 points
A rod has a pivot at one end and is free to
rotate without friction at the other end, as
~ is applied to the free end
shown. A force F
at an angle to the rod creating a torque ~
about the pivot.
L

Explanation:

If instead the same force is applied perpendicular to the rod, at what distance d from the
pivot should it be applied in order to produce
the same net torque ~ about the pivot?

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

1. d = L sin correct
2. d = L/ cos

7. The rotational speeds are the same.

8. It depends on which tires have more angular momentum.

3. d = L/ tan
4. d = L
5. d = L/ sin

6. d = 2 L

7. d = 5 L

Explanation:
v = r . Tires with a smaller radius needs
a larger rotational speed to obtain the same
linear speed.
015 10.0 points
Two rigid rods of length and mass M are
rigidly attached as shown

8. d = L/2
9. d = L cos

10. d = L tan
Explanation:
The force generates a torque of
= F L sin ,
so the distance is L sin .
014 10.0 points
Harry and Beth cycle at the same speed, i.e.
their centers of mass move with the same
velocity. The bike tires all rotate without
slipping, but the tires on Harrys bike have a
larger radius than those on Beths bike.
Which tires have the greater rotational
speed?
1. It depends on the angular acceleration of
the wheels.
2. It depends on the center of mass speed.
3. It depends on which tires have more
mass.
4. It depends on the which tires have a larger
moment of inertia.
5. Beths tires correct
6. Harrys tires

pivot
What is the magnitude of the angular momentum L of this system when it is rotating at
an angular velocity about an axis through
the end of one rod, as indicated in the sketch?
The rotational inertia of a rod about an axis
1
M 2 , while the
through one end is I =
3
rotational inertia about an axis through the
1
center of mass is ICM =
M 2 .
12
9
1. L =
M 2 .
12
1
2. L = M 2 .
3
5
3. L =
M 2 .
12
11
4. L =
M 2 .
3
5. L = M 2 .
13
M 2 .
12
11
7. L =
M 2 .
12
2
8. L = M 2 .
3
6. L =

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

17
9. L =
M 2 . correct
12
5
10. L = M 2 .
4
Explanation:
Using the parallel axis theorem,
1
1
M 2 +
M 2 + M 2
3
12


4 + 1 + 12
17
=
M 2 =
M 2 .
12
12

I=

Therefore, the angular momentum is

L = I =

17
M 2
12

016 10.0 points

A mechanical lift is used to raise a heavy load.
The lift consists of a horizontal platform of
length L drawn by vertical cables on either
end of the platform. The load is placed on
the platform and drawn slowly upward at a
constant velocity so that acceleration is not
important. The platform has a mass m. The
load has mass 4m and is placed a distance L/4
from the right end of the lift. The acceleration
due to gravity is g. What is the tension in the
right vertical cable?
1. 1/3 mg
2. 2/3 mg
3. 3/2 mg

Explanation:
The net torque about any axis must be zero.
Since we want the tension in the right cable,
compute the net torque about the left end:
X

3
1
L = L(4 mg) L(mg)+L(TR)+0(TL ) = 0.
4
2

Therefore TR = 7/2 mg.

017 10.0 points
A length of light nylon cord is wound around
a uniform cylinder of radius 0.43 m and mass
1.32 kg. The cylinder is mounted on a frictionless axle and is initially at rest. The cord
is pulled from the cylinder with a constant
force of magnitude 5.75 N.
How fast will the spool be rotating after the
string has been pulled for t = 2.54 s?
The moment of inertia of the cylinder is
1
I = m r2.
2
1. 92.7626
2. 82.4554
3. 96.6064
4. 19.2861
5. 51.4623
6. 106.776
7. 30.55
8. 50.0072
9. 47.6642
10. 183.195
Correct answer: 51.4623 rad/s.
Explanation:

4. mg
Let :
5. 4/5 mg
6. 7/2 mg correct
7. 5/4 mg
8. 3 mg
9. 7/4 mg
10. 2/7 mg

F = 5.75 N ,
m = 1.32 kg ,
r = 0.43 m , and
t = 2.54 s .

The angular momentum after 2.54 s is

L = t
= F r t
= (5.75 N)(0.43 m)(2.54 s)
= 6.28015 kg m2 /s .

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

The moment of inertia of the cylinder is


1
2
=
mr
2
1
= (1.32 kg) (0.43 m)2
2
= 0.122034 kg m2 .

Explanation:
The equation of motion = I gives:
mgL
1
= I = mL2 ,
2
3
So

Therefore, the rotational velocity will be

= L/I
= (6.28015 kg m2 /s)/(0.122034 kg m2 )
= 51.4623 rad/s .
018 10.0 points
A uniform meter-stick with length L pivots
at point O. The meter stick can rotate freely
about O and is released from the horizontal
position at t = 0.
O

10

3g
.
2L

019 10.0 points

Two objects share a total energy E = E1 +E2 .
There are 10 ways to arrange an amount of
energy E1 in the first object and 15 ways to
arrange an amount of energy E2 in the second
object. How many different ways are there to
arrange the total energy E = E1 + E2 so that
there is E1 in the first object and E2 in the
other?

1. 1 1015
2. cannot be determined
3. 25
Determine the angular acceleration of the
meter stick at the moment it is released.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

7g
4L
g
4L
5g
4L
g
3L
5g
6L
3g
correct
2L
g
L
g
2L
3g
4L
2g
L

4. 15
5. 225
6. 150 correct
7. 10
Explanation:
The total number of microstates or number of ways of arranging energy in the system
is the product of the number of ways of arranging the energy in respective objects, i.e.
total = 1 2
020 10.0 points
A sizable quantity of soil is washed down
the Mississippi River and deposited in the
Gulf of Mexico each year. Thus, there is a
net movement of mass southward towards the
equator.
What effect does this tend to have on the
length of a day?

Version 001 Test 4 florin (57850)

1. no change
2. Impossible to determine
3. shorten the day
4. lengthen the day correct
Explanation:
Soil washed down the river is deposited at
a greater distance from the Earths rotational
axis. Just as a man on a turntable slows
down when one of the masses is extended, the
Earth slows down in its rotational motion,
extending the length of the day. The amount
of slowing, of course, is exceedingly small.
(Interestingly, the construction of many dams
in the Northern hemisphere has the opposite
effect; shortening our days!)

11