Ideal Gas
Ideal Gas
Ideal Gas
Date
Class
Value of R
0.0821
8.314
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L atm
mol K
L kPa
mol K
Name
Date
Class
Unknown
P, V, n, or T
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
An engineer pumps 5.00 mol of carbon monoxide gas into a
cylinder that has a capacity of 20.0 L. What is the pressure in
kPa of CO inside the cylinder at 25C?
SOLUTION
1. ANALYZE
What is given in the
problem?
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Name
Date
Class
Items
Data
Amount of gas, n
5.00 mol
20.0 L
Temperature of gas, t
25C
0.0821 L atm/mol K or
8.314 L kPa/mol K
Pressure in cylinder, P
? kPa
2. PLAN
What steps are needed to
calculate the new pressure
of the gas?
1
Ideal-gas-law
equation,
PV nRT
solve the idealgas-law equation
for pressure
2
P
nRT
V
the problem asks for
answer in kPa, so choose
the appropriate R,
substitute known values,
and solve
3
Unknown pressure,
P
PV nRT
Solve the ideal-gas-law equation for P, the unknown quantity.
P
nRT
V
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Name
Date
Class
4. EVALUATE
Are the units correct?
Yes; the ideal gas constant was selected so that the units canceled to
give kPa.
Yes; the number of significant figures is correct because data were
given to three significant figures.
Yes; the calculation can be approximated as (1/4) (8 300), or
2400/4, which equals 600. Thus,
619 kPa is in the right range.
PRACTICE
1. Use the ideal-gas-law equation to calculate the unknown quantity in
each of the following sets of measurements. You will need to convert Celsius temperatures to Kelvin temperatures and volume units
to liters.
P
a. 1.09 atm
?L
0.0881
mol
302 K
ans: 2.00 L
b. 94.9 kPa
0.0350 L ? mol
55C
c. ? kPa
15.7 L
0.815
mol
20.C
d. 0.500 atm
629 mL
0.0337
mol
?K
ans: 114 K
e. 0.950 atm
?L
0.0818
mol
19C
ans: 2.06 L
f. 107 kPa
39.0 mL
? mol
27C
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Name
Date
Class
m
M
Molar mass in grams per mole
Amount in moles
If you substitute the expression m/M for n in the ideal-gas-law equation, you get the following equation.
m
RT
M
PV
This version of the ideal gas law can be solved for any of the five variables P, V, m, M, or T. It is especially useful in determining the molecular mass of a substance. This equation can also be related to the density
of a gas. Density is mass per unit volume, as shown in the following
equation.
D
m
V
Solve for m:
m DV
Then, substitute DV for m in the gas law equation:
PV
DV
RT
M
or
PM
RT
This equation can be used to compute the density of a gas under any
conditions of temperature and pressure. It can also be used to calculate
the molar mass of an unknown gas if its density is known.
5 of 12
Name
Date
Class
1a
PV
Determine which
equation fits the
problem.
m
RT
M
1b
D
PM
RT
Unknown
P, V, m, M, D or T
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
Determine the molar mass of an unknown gas that has a volume of 72.5 mL at a temperature of 68C, a pressure of
0.980 atm, and a mass of 0.207 g.
SOLUTION
1. ANALYZE
What is given in the
problem?
What are you asked to nd?
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Name
Date
Class
Data
Volume of gas, V
72.5 mL
Temperature of gas, t
68C
Pressure of gas, P
0.980 atm
Mass of gas, m
0.207 g
8.314 L kPa/mol K or
0.0821 L atm/mol K
? g/mol
2. PLAN
What steps are needed to
calculate the new volume of
the gas?
m
RT
M
solve this
equation for
molar mass
2
M
mRT
PV
the problem gives
pressure in atm, so
choose the appropriate R,
substitute known values,
and solve
3
Unknown molar
mass, M
m
RT
M
1a
PV
mRT
PV
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Name
Date
Class
1L
0.0725 L
1000 mL
mRT
0.207 g 0.0821 L atm/mol K 341 K
PV
0.980 atm 0.0725 L
81.6 g/mol
4. EVALUATE
Are the units correct?
Is the number of signicant
gures correct?
Is the answer reasonable?
PRACTICE
1. A sample of an unknown gas has a mass of
0.116 g. It occupies a volume of 25.0 mL at a
temperature of 127C and has a pressure of
155.3 kPa. Calculate the molar mass of the gas.
2. Determine the mass of CO2 gas that has a
volume of 7.10 L at a pressure of 1.11 atm and
a temperature of 31C. Hint: Solve the equation
for m, and calculate the molar mass using the
chemical formula and the periodic table.
ans: 13.9 g
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
Determine the density of hydrogen bromide gas at 3.10 atm
and 5C.
SOLUTION
1. ANALYZE
What is given in the
problem?
What are you asked to nd?
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Name
Date
Class
Data
Temperature of HBr, t
5C
( 5 273) K 268 K
Pressure of HBr, P
3.10 atm
80.91 g/mol
8.314 L kPa/mol K or
0.0821 L atm/mol K
Density of HBr, D
? g/L
2. PLAN
What steps are needed to
calculate the density of HBr
under the conditions given?
1
PM
RT
equation is already
written correctly to solve
for the unknown
2
PM
RT
3
Unknown density, D
PM
RT
3. COMPUTE
The data give pressure in atm, so use R 0.0821 L atm/mol K.
PM
3.10 atm 80.91 g/mol
11.4 g/L
RT
0.0821 L atm/mol K 268 K
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Name
Date
Class
PRACTICE
1. What is the density of silicon tetrafluoride gas
at 72C and a pressure of 144.5 kPa?
2. At what temperature will nitrogen gas have a
density of 1.13 g/L at a pressure of 1.09 atm?
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
1. Use the ideal-gas-law equation to calculate the unknown quantity in
each of the following sets of measurements.
P
a. 0.0477 atm
15 200 L
? mol
15C
b. ? kPa
0.119 mL
0C
c. 500.0 kPa
250. mL
0.120 mol
?C
4.7 10 mol
300.C
d. 19.5 atm
a. 0.955 atm
3.77 L
8.23 g
? g/mol
25C
b. 105.0 kPa
50.0 mL
?g
48.02 g/mol
0C
c. 0.782 atm
?L
3.20 10
2.02 g/mol
5C
d. ? atm
2.00 L
7.19 g
159.8 g/mol
185C
e. 107.2 kPa
26.1 mL
0.414 g
? g/mol
45C
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Name
Date
Class
Molar mass
Density
a. 1.12 atm
? g/mol
2.40 g/L
2C
b. 7.50 atm
30.07 g/mol
? g/L
20.C
c. 97.4 kPa
104.09 g/mol
4.37 g/L
? C
d. ? atm
77.95 g/mol
6.27 g/L
66C
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Name
Date
Class
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