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    Analysis Techniques Based On Radioactive Emission and Measurement

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    This document discusses several analytical techniques that use radioactive emissions and measurements. It describes radiotracer techniques, isotope dilution analysis, neutron activation analysis, radiometric titrations, radiochromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Radiotracer techniques involve using radioactive materials as tracers that do not damage systems but can be tracked over time. Isotope dilution analysis relies on radioactive isotopes maintaining their activity during chemical processing. Neutron activation analysis uses neutron irradiation to induce radioactivity for trace element detection. Radiometric titrations detect endpoints using radiotracers in titrants. Radiochromatography and radioimmunoassay use radioisotopes to separate and quantify analytes.

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    Analysis Techniques Based On Radioactive Emission and Measurement

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    This document discusses several analytical techniques that use radioactive emissions and measurements. It describes radiotracer techniques, isotope dilution analysis, neutron activation analysis, radiometric titrations, radiochromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Radiotracer techniques involve using radioactive materials as tracers that do not damage systems but can be tracked over time. Isotope dilution analysis relies on radioactive isotopes maintaining their activity during chemical processing. Neutron activation analysis uses neutron irradiation to induce radioactivity for trace element detection. Radiometric titrations detect endpoints using radiotracers in titrants. Radiochromatography and radioimmunoassay use radioisotopes to separate and quantify analytes.

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    Analysis Techniques Based on Radioactive Emission and Measurement

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    This document discusses several analytical techniques that use radioactive emissions and measurements. It describes radiotracer techniques, isotope dilution analysis, neutron activation analysis, radiometric titrations, radiochromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Radiotracer techniques involve using radioactive materials as tracers that do not damage systems but can be tracked over time. Isotope dilution analysis relies on radioactive isotopes maintaining their activity during chemical processing. Neutron activation analysis uses neutron irradiation to induce radioactivity for trace element detection. Radiometric titrations detect endpoints using radiotracers in titrants. Radiochromatography and radioimmunoassay use radioisotopes to separate and quantify analytes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    99 views3 pages

    Analysis Techniques Based On Radioactive Emission and Measurement

    Uploaded by

    Knowledge Seeker
    This document discusses several analytical techniques that use radioactive emissions and measurements. It describes radiotracer techniques, isotope dilution analysis, neutron activation analysis, radiometric titrations, radiochromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Radiotracer techniques involve using radioactive materials as tracers that do not damage systems but can be tracked over time. Isotope dilution analysis relies on radioactive isotopes maintaining their activity during chemical processing. Neutron activation analysis uses neutron irradiation to induce radioactivity for trace element detection. Radiometric titrations detect endpoints using radiotracers in titrants. Radiochromatography and radioimmunoassay use radioisotopes to separate and quantify analytes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Analysis Techniques based

    on Radioactive Emission and


    Measurement

    Radioactive Decay Basis of Radioanalytical Techniques

    Spectroscopic analysis based on changes in nuclear energy levels dealt with a couple of
    techniques based on excitation of nuclear energy levels by electromagnetically radiation.
    In the present article you will be introduced to analytical techniques involving excitation
    and emission of radioactivity
    Common techniques involving radioactive measurements are:

    Radiotracer techniques

    Isotope dilution analysis

    Nuclear activation analysis

    Radiometric titrations

    Radiochromatography

    Radioimmunoassay
    Radioactive measurements can be made on samples comprising of such components or
    alternately by inducing radioactivity into the system by external excitation

    Radiotracer Techniques

    A radiotracer is a radioactive material which is used as a marker which does not cause
    any radiation damage to the system into which it is introduced and helps locate itself
    over a period of time. The half life of the radio tracer plays an important role in its
    selection. It should be long enough to last the monitoring but longer half life will lead to
    problems of disposal or environmental contamination.

    Isotope Dilution Analysis


    Isotope dilution analysis is based on the principle that the activity of the radio isotopes in
    a mixture of compounds remains unchanged during chemical processing such as
    precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange separation, etc. Quantitative recovery of
    the radioactive isotope is not necessary for its estimation as radioactive strength will
    remain unchanged during the chemical processing.
    The technique has been used largely for trace element analysis in biological,
    environmental, geological and archaeological investigations.

    Neutron Activation Analysis


    Neutron activation analysis is a high sensitivity nondestructive technique for identification
    and quantitation of trace elements which become radioactive after irradiation with
    neutrons. The energy transitions responsible for generation of artificial radioisotopes
    takes place at the nuclear level and the emitted radiations are sensed by scintillation or a
    semiconductor detector.
    Nuclear activation analysis has been applied to compositional analysis of archaeological
    artifacts, soils, minerals and semiconductors when the amount of sample available is
    limited or nondestructive testing is necessary.

    Radiometric Titrations
    Radiometric titrations are based on addition of a radiotracer to the titrant. It has no role in
    the chemical reaction but serves to detect the endpoint. At the end point there is a spike
    in the radioactive level. The greatest advantage is titration even in those cases where
    conventional indicators are not available. The main area of application is precipitation
    reactions in which phase separations takes place during the titration

    Radiochromatography
    Radio chromatography has been applied to separations mainly based on thin layer
    chromatography or electrophoresis. A radiolabelled species such as cation, anion or
    organic compound is identified and quantified on the measurement of emitted radio
    activity. The distribution of radioactivity over the separation zones serves to monitor the
    separation

    Radioimmunoassay
    Radioimmunoassay is a highly specific and sensitive technique capable of measuring
    analytes down to femtomole levels. It is based on specific reaction between a

    radiolabelled antigen and an antibody. Such reactions form the basis of development of
    immunoassays for estimation of biomolecules such as steroids, harmones, viruses and
    bacteria in body fluids.
    Radioanalytical methods offer high sensitivity and specificity because of independence
    from chemical interferences. In subsequent articles you will be introduced to other group
    of techniques based on different physicochemical properties.

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