The document discusses spanning tree implementation and configuration on Dell Force10 switches. It covers enabling spanning tree globally, modifying parameters, setting interface costs and priorities, and show commands for viewing spanning tree information. Rapid spanning tree protocol is also introduced, which converges faster than standard spanning tree protocol.
The document discusses spanning tree implementation and configuration on Dell Force10 switches. It covers enabling spanning tree globally, modifying parameters, setting interface costs and priorities, and show commands for viewing spanning tree information. Rapid spanning tree protocol is also introduced, which converges faster than standard spanning tree protocol.
The document discusses spanning tree implementation and configuration on Dell Force10 switches. It covers enabling spanning tree globally, modifying parameters, setting interface costs and priorities, and show commands for viewing spanning tree information. Rapid spanning tree protocol is also introduced, which converges faster than standard spanning tree protocol.
The document discusses spanning tree implementation and configuration on Dell Force10 switches. It covers enabling spanning tree globally, modifying parameters, setting interface costs and priorities, and show commands for viewing spanning tree information. Rapid spanning tree protocol is also introduced, which converges faster than standard spanning tree protocol.
Set Interface Parameters Layer 2 Protocols show commands
Debugging Implementing MSTP
5-2
FTOS Supports The Following
Layer 2 Spanning Tree Protocols Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Rapid Spanning Tree Protocols (RSTP) Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) Per VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST) Not covered in this module
5-3
Spanning Tree Protocol Overview
F
F F
F 5-4
Spanning Tree Protocol Support
FTOS supports one Spanning Tree instance, per 802.1d standard Spanning Tree Protocol is disabled by default When you enable Spanning Tree, all interfaces in L2 mode are added to the Spanning Tree group
5-5
STP Default Values
STG Parameter
5-6
Default Value
Forward Delay
15 seconds
Hello Time
2 seconds
Max Age
20 seconds
Port Cost
4 = 1-Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces
2 = 10-Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces 3 = Port Channel with 1-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 1 = Port Channel with 10-Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces 13 = Port Channel with SONET (OC3) interfaces 5 = Port Channel with SONET (OC12) interfaces 14 = SONET interface with speed at 155 (OC3) 6 = SONET interface with speed at 622 (OC12)
Port Priority
STP Configuration Configuration tasks for Spanning Tree Protocol
Disable STP on any unwanted L2 interfaces
Modify global STP parameters
Set interface parameters
Cost Priority Portfast
Set STP root bridge selection
1.
Enable STP globally
5-7
1. Disable STP on Interfaces
To disable STP on a single port , use the following interface command: Force10 (conf-interface)# no spanning-tree 0
Force10# (conf-interface-te-0/0)# show conf
! interface TenGigabitEthernet 0/0 no ip address switchport no spanning-tree 0 no shutdown
Note: VLAN, Loopback and Null interfaces do not participate in the Spanning Tree topology decisions
5-8
2. Modify Global STP Parameters
The forward-delay, hello-time and max-age parameters configure different BPDU send intervals, and are configurable in protocol spanning-tree mode using these commands: Force10(conf-span)# forward-delay seconds Force10(conf-span)# hello-time seconds Force10(conf-span)# max-age seconds
5-9
3. Set Interface Parameters
Specific port behaviors can be configured from interface mode using these commands: Force10(conf-interface)# spanning-tree 0 cost cost Force10(conf-interface)# spanning-tree 0 priority priority-value Force10(conf-interface)# spanning-tree 0 portfast The Portfast feature enables interfaces to begin forwarding packets immediately after they are connected With Portfast enabled, an interface does not go through the Learning and Listening states and forwards traffic approximately 30 seconds sooner Warning: Enable Portfast only on links connecting to an end station. Portfast can cause loops if it is enabled on an interface connected to another switched interface
5-10
4. Set STP Root Bridge Selection
In STP, the algorithm determines the root bridge, but you can assign priority to each of the bridges bridge with the lowest number identifier is elected to be the root To change the bridge priority, use the following command in the PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode:
There is only one spanning tree supported (Instance 0)
B.
To enable STP globally in FTOS, use these commands in the following
sequence in configuration mode Force10(conf)# protocol spanning-tree stp-id Force10(conf-span)# no disable
C.
After you enable the Spanning Tree group, all established VLANs and L2 mode interfaces with no shutdown automatically become part of the Spanning Tree group
D.
When STP is enabled the interfaces in L2 mode start sending Bridge
Protocol Data Units (BPDU)
5-13
5. Enable STP Globally
A.
There is only one spanning tree supported (Instance 0)
B.
To enable STP globally in FTOS, use these commands in the following
sequence in configuration mode Force10(conf)# protocol spanning-tree stp-id Force10(conf-span)# no disable
C.
After you enable the Spanning Tree group, all established VLANs and L2 mode interfaces with no shutdown automatically become part of the Spanning Tree group
D.
When STP is enabled the interfaces in L2 mode start sending Bridge
Protocol Data Units (BPDU)
5-14
Show spanning-tree 0 View STP information for the chassis Force10# show spanning-tree 0 Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 We are the root of the spanning tree Current root has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230 Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set Timers: hold 1, topology change 35 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Times: hello 1, topology change 0, notification 0, aging Normal Port 1 (TenGigabitEthernet 0/0) is Disabled Port path cost 2, Port priority 8, Port Identifier 8.1 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230 Designated port id is 8.1, designated path cost 0 Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 Number of transitions to forwarding state 0 BPDU: sent 0, received 0 The port is not in the portfast mode Port 482 (GigabitEthernet 5/1) is Disabled Port path cost 4, Port priority 8, Port Identifier 8.482 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230
5-15
Show spanning-tree 0 brief
View a snapshot of chassis state its interface configuration
Force10# show spanning-tree 0 brief
Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e805.7230 We are the root of the spanning tree Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e805.7230 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Interface Designated Name PortID Prio Cost Sts Cost Bridge ID -------------- ------ ---- ---- --- --------------------Te 0/0 8.1 8 2 DIS 0 32768 0001.e805.7230 Gi 5/1 8.482 8 4 DIS 0 32768 0001.e805.7230 Force10#
5-16
Show spanning-tree 0 interface
Use to see interface specific STP information
Force10# show spanning-tree 0 interface
Port 1 (TenGigabitEthernet 0/0) of STP 0 is Disable Port path cost 2, Port priority 8, Port Identifier 8.1 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230 Designated port id is 8.1, designated path cost 0 Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 Number of transitions to forwarding state 0 BPDU: sent 0, received 0 The port is not in the portfast mode Port 482 (GigabitEthernet 5/1) of STP 0 is Disable Port path cost 4, Port priority 8, Port Identifier 8.482 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e805.7230 Designated port id is 8.482, designated path cost 0 Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 Number of transitions to forwarding state 0 BPDU: sent 0, received 0 The port is not in the portfast mode Force10#
5-17
PortID -----8.1 8.482
Show spanning-tree 0 root
Use to see specific STP root information
Force10# show spanning-tree 0 root
Root ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e805.7230 We are the root of the spanning tree Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Force10#
5-18
Show spanning-tree 0 summary
Use to see a summary of the system STP information
Force10# show spanning-tree 0 summary
Root bridge for Spanning Tree 0 is this bridge Rapid root failover is disabled State Num of Ports Force10#
5-19
Blocking Listening Learning Forwarding STP Active
0, 0, 0, 3, 3
Layer-2 Protocols
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocols (RSTP) Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)
5-20
Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol
Standardized protocol, 802.1w Functionally similar to Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) Both will generate the same topology but RSTP will converge much faster Interoperable with STP and MSTP
5-21
RSTP: States and Roles are Different
RSTP merges states from STP STP States Forwarding Learning
RSTP States Forwarding
Disabled
STP Roles
RSTP Roles
Root
Root Designated
Learning
Listening Blocking
RSTP adds additional roles to STP
Designated
Alternate Backup
Discarding
Edge
5-22
RSTP Port Roles
Those that FORWARD Root Port The port that is the closest to the root bridge based on path cost, a bridge sends traffic on this port to the root Designated Port The port that is the closest to the root bridge based on path cost, a bridge receives traffic on this port from others on the segment
Root Bridge D
Those that DONT Forward
Alternate Port A port that is an alternate path to the root on a different bridge than the designated bridge Backup Port A port that is an alternate path to the root on the designated bridge Disabled Port A port that has no role in RSTP 5-23
R D B
RSTP Port Costs
Default port costs have changed Be aware of this when running RSTP with STP compatibility
Link Speed
STP (802.1d) Default Port Costs
RSTP (802.1w) Default Port Costs
100M
19
200000
1G
20000
10G
2000
100M LAG
18
180000
1G LAG
18000
10G LAG
1800
5-24
RSTP: BPDUs New BPDU format New Type 2 and version 2 so .1D bridges must drop PDU Expanded use from 802.1d Spanning Tree BPDU All bits of flags now used to communicate additional state Version 1 only used topology change bits (0 & 7) BPDUs sent every <hello-time> seconds (2 by default) Even if it does not receive BPDUs from the root bridge Acts as keep alive between bridges Allows much faster failure detection RSTP Flag Byte 0 Topology Change
5-25
1 Proposal
3 Port Role
4 Learning
Forwarding Agreement
7 Topology Change ACK
RSTP: Why Rapid?
STP based on timers to allow BPDUs to flow from root to all leaves
stays a set time in listening and
learning modes to gather all available BPDU information to decide port state
RSTP uses BPDUs as keepalives between adjacent switches
establishes state before passing
information to the downstream device
5-26
RSTP: Example Root
5-27
RSTP: Example Root
5-28
RSTP: Example Root
5-29
RSTP: Example Root
5-30
RSTP Configuration 1. 2.
Disable STP on any unwanted L2 interfaces
Modify other global bridge settings (bridge-priority, forward-delay, hellotime, max-age) 3. Set interface parameters a) Cost b) Priority c) Portfast 4. Configure edge ports, if needed Force10(conf)# interface g0/1 Force10(conf-interface-gi-0/1)# spanning-tree rstp edge-port
If a port is in edge-port mode it will behave as a normal port if a BPDU
is received 5. Enable RSTP globally, it will then run on all L2 ports Force10(conf)# protocol spanning-tree rstp Force10(conf-rstp)# no disable
5-31
Command: show spanning-tree rstp brief Force10# show spanning-tree rstp brief Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e802.bb7b Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e802.bb7b We are the root Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15
Command: show spanning-tree rstp interface <name> Force10# show spanning-tree rstp interface port-channel 2 Port-channel 2 is designated forwarding Edge port:no (default) port guard :none (default) Link type: point-to-point (auto) bpdu filter:disable (default) Bpdu guard :disable (default) Bpdus sent 3502, received 269 Interface Designated Name PortID Prio Cost Sts Cost Bridge ID PortID --------- -------- ---- ------- --- ------- -------------------- ------Po 2
5-33
128.3
128
18000
FWD 0
32768 0001.e802.bb7b 128.3
Command: show spanning-tree rstp Force10# show spanning-tree rstp Root Identifier has priority 32768, Address 0001.e802.bb7b Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15, max hops 0 Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, Address 0001.e802.bb7b Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15, max hops 0 We are the root Current root has priority 32768, Address 0001.e802.bb7b Number of topology changes 78, last change occured 03:38:08 Port 3 (Port-channel 2) is designated Forwarding Port path cost 18000, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.3 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0001.e802.bb7b Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e802.bb7b Designated port id is 128.3, designated path cost 0 Number of transitions to forwarding state 74 BPDU : sent 3628, received 302 The port is not in the Edge port mode <>
5-34
Confidential
RSTP Debugging Many debug options to trace RSTP PDUs and events
Force10# debug spanning-tree rstp ?
all RSTP all debug bpdu RSTP debug BPDU events RSTP debug events
5-35
Layer-2 Protocols
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocols (RSTP) Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)
5-36
Multiple Spanning-Tree Protocol (802.1s)
802.1q standard specified only one Spanning-Tree Instance for all VLANs Many vendors provide separate Spanning-Tree Instance for every VLAN Uses too much CPU time and sends too many BPDUs to be scalable MSTP uses the best of both systems to create a flexible and scalable solution Creates a finite number of Spanning-Tree Instances and maps each of the VLANs in the networks to one of the Instances Allows for all segments to be utilized while only requiring a few Instances of the Spanning-Tree Algorithm Uses RSTP as its convergence algorithm
5-37
STP: 802.1q Example
VLANs 1-4
VLANs 1-4
VLANs 1-4
5-38
PVST Example 1 2 3 4
3 4
5-39
3 4
MSTP: MSTP Example
1,3 2,4
1,3
1,3
2,4
2,4
5-40
MSTP: BPDUs There is only one MSTP Instance that sends and receives MSTP BPDUs The other Instance information is encapsulated in the MSTP BPDUs Similar to Per VLAN Spanning Tree Limits the number of BPDUs to 1 instead of to the number of VLANs
5-41
MSTP: Definitions MST Region Contiguous group of switches that share the same MSTP configuration Common Spanning-Tree (CST) The Spanning-Tree Instance external to the region
Internal Spanning-Tree (IST)
Special Spanning-Tree Instance that interacts with the CST MST Instance (MSTI) These are the Spanning-Tree Instances used internal to a region that the VLANs are mapped to
5-42
MSTP: Regions Each MSTP Region is configured with A mapping of VLANs to MSTIs mandatory Name (*optional) Revision number (*optional)
When a switch is connected to another
switch with different characteristics, it is considered to be in another Region Whenever possible, all switches in the network should be in the same Region
5-43
*Every switch in the Region
must be configured with these exact same 3 values
MSTP: Regions
5-44
MSTP: IST The IST is important because this is the Instance that interacts with the CST The IST allows the Region to appear to the CST as a single switch This allows MSTP to interoperate with legacy environments The IST is also present internal to the region VLANs can be mapped to the IST, but in general should not be The IST is the Instance that sends and receives BPDUs
5-45
MSTP: IST
IST
5-46
MSTP: IST
5-47
MSTP: MSTI The MSTIs are all internal to the Region All VLANs in the region will be mapped to one of the MSTIs Each Region can support up to 64 MSTIs, although in practice, only two or three are usually necessary There are not separate BPDUs for each MSTI A BPDU sent between two switches contains information about all of the MSTIs
5-48
MSTP: MSTI 1,3 2,4
5-49
1,3
1,3
2,4
2,4
MSTP: MSTI MSTI 1 VLANs 1,3
5-50
Confidential
MSTP: MSTI MSTI 2 VLANs 2,4
5-51
MSTP: Basic Configuration Steps
1.
Map VLANs to Instances (mandatory)
2. Modify global MSTP parameters (optional)
3. Disable MSTP on interfaces (optional) 4. Set MSTP interface parameters (optional) 5.
Enable MSTP globally (mandatory)
5-52
1. MSTIs to VLAN Mapping
All VLANs are mapped to Instance 0 when MSTP is enabled Instance 0 can not be used to carry internal VLAN information To change the VLAN mapping use the following command in MSTP mode: Force10(conf-mstp)# msti <instance-number> vlan <vlan-range> Note all mappings must be the same on every router in the region
5-53
2. Modify Global MSTP Parameters
(optional) The following MSTP parameters can be modified in MSTP configuration mode: Forward-delay Hello-timer Max-age Max-hop Bridge-priority (per MSTI) Force10(conf-mstp)# msti <msti_#> bridge-priority <priority> * Name Force10(conf-mstp)# name <name> * Revision Force10(conf-mstp)# revision <number> * If Name and Revision are configured they must be the same on every router in the region
5-54
3. Disable MSTP on interfaces (optional)
When MSTP is enabled globally, every layer-two interface is automatically enabled in MSTP
Layer-three interfaces are not enabled in MSTP
To disable MSTP: Force10(conf-interface)# no spanning-tree
5-55
4. Modify MSTP Interface Parameters
On each interface, the cost and priority for MSTP can be modified with the following interface commands: Force10(conf-interface)# spanning-tree msti <instance> cost <value> Force10(conf-interface)# spanning-tree msti <instance> priority <value> To make an interface an edge-port, use the following command in interface mode: Force10(conf-interface)# spanning-tree mstp edge-port
5-56
5. Enable MSTP Globally
By default, MSTP is not enabled in FTOS
Force10(conf)# protocol spanning-tree mstp Force10(conf-mstp)# no disable
Command: show spanning-tree msti <instance> Shows a particular MSTI and the interfaces configured in it Force10# sh spanning-tree msti 1 MSTI 1 VLANs mapped 1, 3 Bridge Identifier has priority 4096, Address 0001.e803.cf63 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15, max hops 20 Current root has priority 4096, Address 0001.e803.cf63 Number of topology changes 7, last change occured 21:39:18 Port 82 (GigabitEthernet 1/1) is designated Forwarding Port path cost 20000, Port priority 112, Port Identifier 112.82 Designated root has priority 4096, address 0001.e803.cf:63 Designated bridge has priority 4096, address 0001.e803.cf:63 Designated port id is 112.82, designated path cost Number of transitions to forwarding state 2 BPDU (Mrecords): sent 4229, received 7941 The port is not in the Edge port mode
5-60
Command: show spanning-tree mstp <instance> brief Shows a particular MSTI and the interfaces configured in it in a tabular format Force10# show spanning-tree msti 1 brief MSTI 1 VLANs mapped 1, 3 Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 4096, Address 0001.e803.cf63 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15, max hops 20 Bridge ID Priority 4096, Address 0001.e803.cf63 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15, max hops 20
