HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

PART A
1. What is Fourier\'s Law of heat conduction?
2. What is temperature gradient?
3. What is coefficient of Thermal conductivity?
4. Give some examples of heat transfer in engineering.
5. Define Temperature field.
6. Define heat flux.
7. Define thermal Diffusivity.
8. What is Laplace equation for heat flow?
9. What is Poisson\'s equation for heat flow?
10. What critical radius of insulation?
11. Give examples for initial & boundary conditions.
12. What is a Fin?
13. Define efficiency of the fin.
14. Define effectiveness of the fin.
15. Give examples of use of fins in various engineering applications.
16. What is meant by Transient heat conduction?
17. Give governing differential equation for the one dimensional transient heat flow.
18. What is Biot number?
19. What is Newtonian heating or cooling process?
20. Give examples for Transient heat transfer.
21. What is meant by thermal resistance?
22. What is meant by periodic heat transfer?
23. What are Heisler chart?
24. What is the function of insulating materials?
PART - B
25. A pipe consists of 100 mm internal diameter and 8 mm thickness carries steam at 170C. The convective heat
transfer coefficient on the inner surface of pipe is 75 W/m2C. The pipe is insulated by two layers of insulation.
The first layer of insulation is 46 mm in thickness having thermal conductivity of 0.14 W/mC. The second layer
of insulation is also 46 mm in thickness having thermal conductivity of 0.46 W/mC. Ambient air temperature =
33C. The convective heat transfer coefficient from the outer surface of pipe = 12 W/m2C. Thermal conductivity
of steam pipe = 46 W/mC. Calculate the heat loss per unit length of pipe and determine the interface
temperatures. Suggest the materials used for insulation. (16)
26. A long rod is exposed to air at 298C. It is heated at one end. At steady state conditions, the temperatures at
two points along the rod separated by 120 mm are found to be 130C and 110C respectively. The diameter of the
rod is 25mm ID and its thermal conductivity is 116 W/mC. Calculate the heat transfer coefficient at the surface
of the rod and also the heat transfer rate. (16)
27. (i) A furnace wall consists of three layers. The inner layer of 10 cm thickness is made of firebrick (k =1.04
W/mK). The intermediate layer of 25 cm thickness is made of masonry brick (k = 0.69 W/mK) followed by a 5 cm
thick concrete wall (k = 1.37 W/mK). When the furnace is in continuous operation the inner surface of the furnace
is at 800C while the outer concrete surface is at 50C. Calculate the rate of heat loss per unit area of the wall, the
temperature at the interface of the firebrick and masonry brick and the temperature at the interface of the masonry
brick and concrete. (8)
(ii) An electrical wire of 10 m length and 1mm diameter dissipates 200Win air at 25C. The convection heat
transfer coefficient between the wire surface and air is 15W/m2K. Calculate the critical radius of insulation and
also determine the temperature of the wire if it is insulated to the critical thickness of insulation. (8)
28 (i) An aluminium rod (k =204 W/mK) 2 cm in diameter and 20 cm long protrudes from a wall which is
maintained at 300C. The end of the rod is insulated and the surface of the rod is exposed to air at 30C. The heat

transfer coefficient between the rod\'s surface and air is 10 W/m2K. Calculate the heat lost by the rod and the
temperature of the rod at a distance of 10 cm from the wall. (7)
(ii) A large iron plate of 10 cm thickness and originally at 800C is suddenly exposed to an environment at 0C
where the convection coefficient is 50 W/m2K. Calculate the temperature at a depth of 4 cm from one of the faces
100 seconds after the plate is exposed to the environment. How much energy has been lost per unit area of the
plate during this time? (9)
29 (i) Explain the different modes of heat transfer with appropriate expressions. (6)
(ii) A composite wall consists of 10 cm thick layer of building brick, k = 0.7 W/mK and 3 cm thick plaster, k = 0.5
W/mK. An insulating material of k = 0.08 W/mK is to be added to reduce the heat transfer through the wall by
40%. Find its thickness. (10)
30 Circumferential aluminium fins of rectangular profile (1.5cmwide and 1mm thick) are fitted on to a 90 mm
engine cylinder with a pitch of 10 mm. The height of the cylinder is 120 mm. The cylinder base temperature
before and after fitting the fins are 200C and 150C respectively. Take ambient at 30C and h(average) =100
W/m2K. Estimate the heat dissipated from the finned and the unfinned surface areas of cylinder (16)
31. (i) Derive the heat conduction equation in cylindrical co-ordinates using an elemental volume for a stationary
isotropic solid. (8)
(ii) A 3 cm OD steam pipe is to be covered with two layers of insulation each having a thickness of 2.5 cm. The
average thermal conductivity of one insulating material is 5 times that of the other. Determine the percentage
decrease in heat transfer if better insulating material is next to pipe than it is the outer layer. Assume that the
outside and inside temperatures of composite insulation are fixed. (8)
32. (i) Explain briefly the concept of critical thickness of insulation and state any two applications of the same.(8)
(ii) A 6 cm long copper rod (k = 300 W/mK) 6mm in diameter is exposed to an environment at 20C. The base
temperature of the rod is maintained at 160C. The heat transfer co-efficient is 20 W/m2K. Calculate the heat
given by the rod and efficiency and effectiveness of the rod.(8)
33. (i) Define the Biot and Fourier numbers. (4)
(ii) What is meant lumped capacity? What are the physical assumptions necessary for a lumped capacity unsteady
state analysis to apply? (4)
(iii) A slab of Aluminum 5 cm thick initially at 200C is suddenly immersed in a liquid at 70C for which the
convection heat transfer co-efficient is 525 W/m2K. Determine the temperature at a depth of 12.5 mm from one of
the faces 1 minute after the immersion. Also calculate the energy removed per unit area from the plate during 1
minute of immersion. Take p = 2700 bar, Cp = 0.9 kJ/kgK, k=215 W/mK, = 8.4X 10-5 m2/s. (8)
34. A composite wall is formed of a 2.5 cm copper plate (k = 355 W/mK), a 3.2 mm layer of asbestos (k = 0.110
W/mK) and a 5 cm layer of fiber plate (k = 0.049 W/mK). The wall is subjected to an overall temperature
difference of 560C (560C on the Cu plate side and 0C on the fiber plate side). Estimate the heat flux through
this composite all and the interface temperature between asbestos and fiber plate. (16)
35. A steel tube k=43.26 W/mK of 5.08 cm ID and 7.62 cm OD is covered with 2.54 cm thick of asbestos
insulation with k=0.208 W/mK. The inside surface of the tube receives heat by convection from a hot gas at a
temperature of 316C with heat transfer coefficient h=284 W/m2K while the outer surface of Insulation is exposed
to atmosphere air at 38C with heat transfer coefficient of 17 W/m2K. Calculate heat loss to atmosphere for 3 m
length of the tube and temperature drop across each layer. (16)
36. (i) A plane wall 20 cm thickness generates heat at the rate of 5 x 104 W/m3 when an electric current is passed
through it. The convective heat transfer coefficient between each face of the wall and the ambient air is 60
W/m2K. Determine (a) The surface temperature (4) (b) The maximum temperature in the wall. Assume ambient
air temperature to be 25C and the thermal conductivity of the wall material to be 16 W/mK. (4)
(ii) A steel ball 100 mm diameter was initially at 50C and is placed in air which is at 35C. Calculate time
required to attain 400C and 300C. ksteel = 35 W/mK, Cp = 0.46 kJ/kgK, = 7800 kg/m3, h = 10 W/m2K. (8)

UNIT-2
PART A
1. What is Convective heat transfer?
2. Sketch formation of boundary layer and show laminar, transition & turbulent flow.
3. Write down differential equation for Continuity of fluid flow.
4. State Newton\'s law of cooling.
5. Differentiate between Natural & Forced convection.
6. State Buckingham\'s theorem.
7. What is meant by Dimensional analysis?
8. Sketch boundary layer development in a circular pipe.
9. What is Reynolds analogy?
10. Define the Bulk temperature.
11. Define velocity boundary layer thickness.
12. Define thermal boundary layer thickness.
13. Distinguish between laminar and turbulent flow.
14. What is meant by critical Reynolds number?
15. Define skin friction coefficient.
16. Give examples for free convection.
17. Define Grashoff number.
18. Define momentum thickness
19. Define Displacement thickness.
20. List the dimensionless numbers.
21. What are the uses of dimensional analysis?
PART - B
22. Air at 200 kPa and 200C is heated as it flows through a tube with a diameter of 25 mm at a velocity of 10
m./sec. The wall temperature is maintained constant and is 20C above the air temperature all along the length of
tube. Calculate:
(i) The rate of heat transfer per unit length of the tube.
(ii) increase in the bulk temperature of air over a 3 m length of the tube. (16)
23. (i) Write down the momentum equation for a steady, two dimensional flow of an incompressible, constant
property Newtonian fluid in the rectangular coordinate system and mention the physical significance of each term.
(6)
(ii) A large vertical plate 5 m high is maintained at 100C and exposed to air at 30C Calculate the convection heat
transfer coefficient. (10)
24. (i) Sketch the boundary layer development of a flow over a flat plate and explain the significance of the
boundary layer. (6)
(ii) Atmospheric air at 275 K and a free stream velocity of 20 m/s flows over a flat plate 1.5 m long that is
maintained at a uniform temperature of 325 K. Calculate the average heat transfer coefficient over the region
where the boundary layer is laminar, the average heat transfer coefficient over the entire length of the plate and the
total heat transfer rate from the plate to the air over the length 1.5 m and width 1 m. Assume transition occurs at
Recr=2xl05 (10)
25. (i) What is Reynold\'s analogy? Describe the relation between fluid friction and heat transfer?(4)
(ii) Air at 25C flows over 1 m x 3 m (3 m long) horizontal plate maintained at 200C at 10 m/s. Calculate the
average heat transfer coefficients for both laminar and turbulent regions. Take Re (critical) = 3.5 x 105 (12)

26. (i) Define Reynolds, Nusselt and Prandtl numbers. (6)

(ii) A steam pipe 10 cm outside diameter runs horizontally in a room at 23C. Take the outside surface
temperature of pipe as 165C. Determine the heat loss per unit length of the pipe.(10)
27. (i) Explain for fluid flow along a flat plate:
(a) Velocity distribution in hydrodynamic boundary layer
(b) Temperature distribution in thermal boundary layer
(c) Variation of local heat transfer co-efficient along the flow. (8)
(ii) The water is heated in a tank by dipping a plate of 20 cm X 40 cm in size. The temperature of the plate surface
is maintained at 100C. Assuming the temperature of the surrounding water is at 30 C, Find the heat loss from the
plate 20 cm side is in vertical plane. (8)
28 Air at 400 K and 1 atm pressure flows at a speed of 1.5 m/s over a flat plate of 2 m long. The plate is
maintained at a uniform temperature of 300 K. If the plate has a width of 0.5 m, estimate the heat transfer
coefficient and the rate of heat transfer from the air stream to the plate. Also estimate the drag force acting on the
plate. (16)
29 Cylindrical cans of 150 mm length and 65 mm diameter are to be cooled from an initial temperature of 20C by
placing them in a cooler containing air at a temperature of 1C and a pressure of 1 bar. Determine the cooling rates
when the cans are kept in horizontal and vertical positions. (16)
30 A circular disc heater 0.2m in diameter is exposed to ambient air at 25C. One surface of the disc is insulated at
130C. Calculate the amount of heat transferred from the disc when it is.
(i) Horizontal with hot surface facing up. (5)
(ii) Horizontal with hot surface facing down. (5)
(iii) Vertical (6)
31 (i) Distinguish between free and forced convection giving examples. (4)
(ii) A steam pipe 10 cm OD runs horizontally in a room at 23 C. Take outside temperature of pipe as 165 C.
Determine the heat loss per unit length of the pipe. Pipe surface temperature reduces to 80 C with 1.5 cm
insulation. What is the reduction in heat loss? (12)
UNIT-3
PART A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

What is a Heat Exchanger?

How heat exchangers are Classified?
Give examples of non mixing type heat exchangers.
Sketch temperature distribution graph for condensers &
evaporators.
What is overall heat transfer coefficient in a heat
exchanger?
What is LMTD?
What is effectiveness of a heat exchanger?
Discuss the advantage of NTU method over the LMTD
method.
What are the assumptions made during LMTD analysis?
What are the factors are involved in designing a heat
exchangers?
In what way Boiling & Condensation differs from other

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
UNIT
III
(Part
B
Questi
ons)

22.

23.

types of heat exchange?

What is Excess temperature in boiling?
What is meant by sub cooled or local boiling?
What is Nucleate boiling?
Give expression for heat transfer coefficient in Nucleate
boiling.
What is flow boiling?
What is meant by condensation?
Draw heat flux curve for various regions of flow boiling.
Define Film wise condensation.
Define Drop wise condensation.
How is the Reynolds number in condensation defined?

A tube of 2 m length and 25 mm outer diameter is to be

used to condense saturated steam at 100C while the tube
surface is maintained at 92C. Estimate the average heat
transfer coefficient and the rate of condensation of steam if
the tube is kept horizontal. The steam condenses on the
outside of the
tube.
(16)
Steam condenses at atmospheric pressure on the external
surface of the tubes of a steam condenser. The tubes are 12
in number and each is 30 mm in diameter and 10 m long.
The inlet and outlet temperatures of cooling water flowing
inside the tubes are 25C and 60C respectively. If the
flow rate is 1.1 kg/s, calculate
(i)

The rate of condensation of steam

(ii)

The number of transfer units

(iii)
The effectiveness of the
condenser.
(16)

24.

(i)

(ii)

25.

(i)

(ii)

It is desired to boil water at atmospheric

pressure on a copper surface which
electrically heated. Estimate the heat flux
from the surface to the water, if the surface is
maintained at 100C and also the peak heat
flux.
(8)
A tube of 2 m length and 25 mm OD is
to be used to condense saturated steam at
100C while the tube surface is maintained at
92C. Estimate the average heat transfer
coefficient and the rate of condensation of
steam if the tube is kept horizontal. The steam
condenses on the outside of the
tube.
(8)
Give the classification of heat
exchangers.
(4)
It is desired to use a double pipe counter flow
heat exchanger to cool 3 kg/s of oil (Cp = 2.1
kJ/kgK) from 120C. Cooling water at 20C

26

(i)

(ii)

27.

(i)

(ii)

28.

(i)

(ii)

29.

(i)

(ii)

30.

Water is to be boiled at atmospheric pressure in a

enters the heat exchanger at a rate of 10 kg/s.

The overall heat transfer coefficient of the
heat exchanger is 600 W/m2Kand the heat
transfer area is 6 m2. Calculate the exit
temperatures of oil and
water.
(12)
Discuss the general arrangement of
parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow
heat exchangers.
(6)
In a Double pipe counter flow heat exchanger
10000 kg/h of an oil having a specific heat of
2095 J/kgK is cooled from 80C to 50C by
8000 kg/h of water entering at 25C.
Determine the heat exchanger area for an
overall heat transfer coefficient of 300
W/m2K. Take Cp for water as 4180
J/kgK.
(10)
Discuss the various regimes of pool boiling
heat transfer.
(8)
Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 2.45 bar
condenses on the surface of a vertical tube of
height 1 m. The tube surface temperature is
kept at 117C. Estimate the thickness of the
condensate film and the local heat transfer
coefficient at a distance of 0.2m from the
upper end of the
tube.
(8)
With a neat and labeled sketch explain
the various regimes in boiling heat
transfer.

(8)
A vertical plate 0.5 m2 in area at temperature
of 92C is exposed to steam at atmospheric
pressure. If the steam is dry and saturated
estimate the heat transfer rate and condensate
mass per hour. The vertical length of the
plate is 0.5m. Properties of water at film
temperatures of 96C can be obtained from
tables.
(8)
Compare LMTD and NTU method of heat
exchanger analysis.
(6)
Hot exhaust gases which enters a finned
tube cross flow heat exchanger at 300C
and leave at 100C, are used to heat
pressurized water at a flow rate of 1
kg/s from 35 to 125C. The exhaust gas
specific heat is approximately 1000 J/kgK,
and the overall heat transfer co-efficient
based on the gas side surface area is Uh=
100W/m2K. Determine the required gas
side surface area Ah using the NTU
method. Take Cpc at Tc = 80C is 4197
J/kg.K and Cph = 1000 J/kg.K
.
(10)

31.

32

mechanically polished stainless steel pan placed on top

of a heating unit. The inner surface of the bottom of
the pan is maintained at 108C. The diameter of
the bottom of the pan is 30 cm. Assuming Csf
= 0.0130. calculate (i) the rate of heat transfer to the
water and (ii) the rate of evaporation of
water.
(16)
Define effectiveness of a heat exchanger. Derive an
expression for the effectiveness of a double pipe parallel
flow heat exchanger. State the assumptions
made.
(16)
Water enters a cross flow Heat exchanger (both fluids
unmixed) at 5C and flows at the rate of 4600 kg/h to cool
4000 kg/h of air that is initially at 40C. Assume the
overall heat transfer
Coefficient value to be 150 W/m2K For an exchanger
surface area of 25m2, Calculate the exit temperature of air
and water.
(16)
(i)

33

Describe the principle of parallel flow and

counter flow heat exchangers showing the
axial temperature
distribution.
(8)
A parallel flow heat exchanger has hot and
cold water stream running through it, the flow
rates are 10 and 25 kg/min respectively. Inlet
temperatures are 75 C and 25 C on hot and
cold sides. The exit temperature on the hot
side should not exceed 50 C. Assume hi=h0=
600W/m2K. Calculate the area of heat
exchanger using NTU
approach.
(8)

(i)

(ii)

UNIT-4
PART A
1. Define Radiation heat transfer.
2. What is Stefan\'s Bolts Mann law?
3. What is Intensity of radiation?
4. Define Shape factor.
5. What is Radiation Shield?
6. Define Quantum theory.
7. Define Emissive power of a black surface.
8. Define concept of Black body.
9. Define Planck\'s distribution law.
10. Define Wien\'s distribution law.

11. Define Emissivity of a surface.

12. What is meant by Kirchhoff\'s law?
13. Define Irradiation.
14. Define Radiosity.
15. Distinguish between Absorptivity & Transmittivity of radiation.
16. What are the gases, which radiate heat?
17. What is mean beam length in Gas Radiation?
18. What is the equation for radiation between two gray bodies?
19. Distinguish between Reflectivity & Transmittivity.
20. Differentiate Opaque body & perfectly transparent surface.
21. Write down the Wien\'s formula.
22. Write down the heat transfer equation for Radiant exchange between infinite parallel gray planes.
UNIT IV (Part B Questions)
23. Liquid Helium at 4.2 K is stored in a dewar flask of inner diameter = 0.48 m and outer diameter = 0.5 m. The
dewar flask can be treated as a spherical vessel. The outer surface of the inner vessel and the inner surface of the
outer vessel are well polished and the emissivity of these surfaces is 0.05. The space between the two vessels is
thoroughly evacuated. The inner surface of the dewar flask is at 4.2 K while the outer surface is at 300 K. Estimate
the rate of heat transfer between the surfaces. (16)
24. A thin aluminium sheet with an emissivity of 0.1 on both sides is placed between two very large parallel plates
that are maintained at uniform temperatures T1 = 800 K and T2 = 500 K and have emissivities 1= 0.2 and 2 =
0.7 respectively. Determine the net rate of radiation heat transfer between the two plates per unit surface area of
the plates and compare the result to that without shield. (16)
25. (i) Discuss how the radiation from gases differ from that of solids. (6)
(ii) Two very large parallel plates with emissivities 0.5 exchange heat. Determine the percentage reduction in the
heat transfer rate if a polished aluminium radiation shield of = 0.04 is placed in between the plates. (10)
26. (i) Define emissivity, absorptivity and reflectivity. (6)
(ii) Describe the phenomenon of radiation from real surfaces. (10)
27 (i) What are the radiation view factors and why they are used? (4)
(ii) Determine the view factor (F14) for the figure shown below. (12)
28. (i) State and prove the following laws: (1) Kirchoffs law of radiation (2) Stefan - Boltzmann law. (8)
(ii) Show-from energy-balance consideration that the radiation heat transfer from a plane composite surface area
A4 and made up of plane surface areas A2 and A3 to a plane surface area Al is given by: A4F41=A3F31+A2F21
& F14=F12+F13. (8)
29. (i) Using the definition of radiosity and irradiation prove that the radiation heat exchange between two grey
bodies is given by the relation. (8)
(ii) A surface at 100 K with emissivity of 0.10 is protected from a radiation flux of 1250 W/m2 by a shield with
emissivity of 0.05. Determine the percentage cut off and the shield temperature. Assume shape factor as 1. (8)

30. Explain briefly the following:

(i) Specular and Diffuse reflection (5)
(ii) Reflectivity and Transmissivity (5)
(iii) Reciprocity rule and Summation rule (6)
31. (i) Two parallel, infinite grey surfaces are maintained at temperature of 127C and 227C respectively. If the
temperature of the hot surface is increased to 327C, by what factor is the net radiation exchange per unit area
increased? Assume the emissivities of cold and hot surface to be 0.9 and 0.7 respectively. (8)
(ii) Two equal and parallel discs of diameter 25 cm are separated by a distance of 50 cm. If the discs are
maintained at 600C and 250C. Calculate the radiation heat exchange between them. (8)
32. Two large parallel planes with emissivities 0.35 and 0.85 exchange heat by radiation. The planes are
respectively 1073K and 773K. A radiation shield having the emissivity of 0.04 is placed between them. Find the
percentage reduction in radiation heat exchange and temperature of the shield. (16)
UNIT-5
PART A
1. What is meant by mass transfer?
2. What is Diffusion mass transfer?
3. What is Convective mass transfer?
4. Give some examples of Diffusion mass transfer.
5. What is the governing equation for Diffusion mass transfer?
6. What is mass diffusion velocity?
7. What is the Molar Diffusion velocity?
8. Define the following: (a)Mass concentration b) Molar concentration
9. What is Counter diffusion?
10. Define mass transfer fluxes.
11. What is the governing equation for Transient Diffusion?
12. Give equation for Counter diffusion.
13. Define Fourier number & Biot number for mass transfer.
14. What are the factors considered in evaporation of water into air?
UNIT V (Part B Questions)
15. A steel sphere of radius 60 mm which is initially at a uniform temperature of 325C is suddenly exposed to an
environment at 25C; with convection heat transfer coefficient 500 W/m2K. Calculate the temperature at a radius
36 mm and the heat transferred 100 seconds after the sphere is exposed to the environment. (16)
16. The tire tube of a vehicle has a surface area 0.62 m2 and wall thickness 12 mm. The tube has air filled in it at a
pressure 2.4 x 105 N/m2. The air pressure drops to 2.3 x 105 N/m2 in 10 days. The volume of air in the tube is
0.034 m3. Calculate the diffusion coefficient of air in rubber at the temperature of 315K. Gas constant value =
287. Solubility of air in rubber tube = 0.075m3 of air/m3 of rubber tube at one atmosphere. (16)

17. (i) Define mass concentration, molar concentration, mass fraction and mole fraction. (4)
(ii) The diffusivity of CCl4 in air is determined by observing the steady state evaporation of CCl4 in a tube of 1
cm diameter exposed to air. The CCl4 liquid level is 10 cm below the top level of the tube. The system is held at
25C and 1 bar pressure. The saturation pressure of CCl4 at 25C is 14.76 kPa. If it is observed that the rate of
evaporation of CCl4 is 0.1 kg/hour determine the diffusivity of CC14 into air. (12)
18. (i) Dry air at 20C (p = 1.2 kg/m3, v = 15 x l0-6 m2/s, D = 4.2 x l0-5 m2/s) flows over a flat plate of length 50
cm which is covered with a thin layer of water at a velocity of 1 m/s. Estimate the local mass transfer coefficient at
a distance of 10 cm from the leading edge and the average mass transfer coefficient. (8)
(ii) Discuss the analogy between heat and mass transfer. (8)
19. (i) A mixture of O2 and N2 with their partial pressures in the ratio 0.21 to 0.79 is in a container at 25C.
Calculate the molar concentration, the mass density, the mole fraction and the mass fraction of each species for a
total pressure of 1 bar. What would be the average molecular weight of the mixture? (8)
(ii) Discuss the analogy between heat and mass transfer. (8)
20. (i) Explain Fick\'s first and second laws of diffusion. (8)
(ii) Explain the phenomenon of equimolar counter diffusion. Derive an expression for equimolar counter diffusion
between two gases or liquids. (8)
21. (i) Define the Schmidt, Sherwood and Lewis numbers. What is the physical significance of each? (8)
(ii) Dry air at 27C and 1 atm flows over a wet flat plate 50 cm long at a velocity of 50 m/s. Calculate the mass
transfer co-efficient of water vapour in air at the end of the plate. Take the diffusion coefficient of water vapour in
air is DAB = 0.26 x 10-4 m2/s. (8)
22. Discuss briefly the following
(i) Ficks law of diffusion (5)
(ii) Equimolar counter diffusion (5)
(iii) Evaporation process in the atmosphere (6)
23. (i) What are the assumptions made in the 1 D transient mass diffusion problems? (4)
(ii) An open pan, 20 cm diameter and 8 cm deep contains water at 25C and is exposed to dry atmospheric air.
Estimate the diffusion coefficient of water in air, if the rate of diffusion of water is 8.54X 10-4kg/hr. (16)
24. C02 and air experience equimolar counter diffusion in a circular tube whose length and diameter are 1m and
50mm respectively. The system is at a total pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 25C. The ends of the tube are
connected to large chambers in which the species concentrations are maintained at fixed values. The partial
pressure of CO2 at one end is 190mm of Hg while at other end is 95mm of Hg. Estimate the mass transfer rate of
CO2 and air through the tube. The diffusion coefficient for CO2 - air combination is 0.16 x 10-4 m2/s. (16)
25. (i) Define the non dimensional numbers in mass transfer (6)
(ii) Dry air at 27C and 1 atm flows over a wet flat plate 50cm long at a velocity of 50m/sec. Calculate the mass
transfer co-efficient of water vapour in air at the end of the plate. Take D=0.26x10-4m2/sec, =1.1614kg/m3,
=184.6 x 10-7 Ns/m2, Pr = 0.707 (10)
26. Atmospheric air at 40 C flows over a wet bulb thermometer and it shows 25 C. Calculate the concentration
of water vapour in the free stream and also its relative humidity. Take D (air-water) = 0.256 x 10-4m2/s. If
temperatures of dry and wet bulb are 30 C and 25 C respectively. What would be the corresponding values? (16)