WASA Code

Water Supply Code of Australia
WSA 032002-2.3
Melbourne Retail Water Agencies Edition

(Including City West Water, South East Water & Yarra Valley Water)
Version 1.0
Previous edition WSA 03: 1999
WSA 032002-2.3
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The WSAA Board would like to express its appreciation to WSAA Members, Associates
and staff for their contributions to the revision of the first edition of the Code. Contributions
from other industry organisations and individuals are also gratefully acknowledged. In
particular the following contributors deserve special mention for their productive work and
commitment to the revision of this Code:
Kevin Dawson
Yarra Valley Water Limited
Mike Hordern
Sydney Water Corporation
Gordon Logan
South East Water Limited
Greg Moore
South Australia Water Corporation
Barry Nelson
Sydney Water Corporation
Greg Rosser
SA Water Corporation
Ian Wight
Power and Water Corporation

Grogan Richards Pty Ltd
Standard drawings by Loburn Pty Ltd, West Lakes, South Australia.

DISCLAIMER
WSAA Codes are published by the Water Services Association of Australia Inc. on the
understanding that:
The Water Services Association of Australia Inc. and individual contributors are not
responsible for the results of any action taken on the basis of information in the Water
Supply Code of Australia, nor any errors or omissions.
The Water Services Association of Australia Inc. and individual contributors disclaim
all and any liability to any person in respect of anything, and the consequences of
anything, done or omitted to be done by a person in reliance upon the whole or any
part of the Water Supply Code of Australia.
PUBLICATION DETAILS
Published by:
Water Services Association of Australia Inc.
469 Latrobe Street
Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
ISBN 1 8760 8867 2
COPYRIGHT
Water Services Association of Australia will permit up to 10 percent of Parts 1 and 2 of this
Code to be copied for use exclusively in house by purchasers of this Code without payment
of a royalty or giving advice to Water Services Association of Australia Inc. Water Services
Association of Australia will also permit some or all of Parts 3 and 4 of the Code to be
copied for use in contract documentation.
Copyright 2002 by WATER SERVICES ASSOCIATION of Australia Inc. ALL RIGHTS
RESERVED.
MRWA EDITION VERSION 1.0
JULY 2004
WSA 032002-2.3
FOREWORD
It gives me great pleasure to present the second edition of the Water Supply Code of
Australia. An initiative of the Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA), this revised
edition brings together my members and associates collective experiences of adoption of
the first edition into their asset creation processes. This revised edition also now
addresses the design and construction of water supply, as distinct from reticulation only.
However, the clear benefits of this initiative extend beyond my members to the wider
Australian community. The performance of network infrastructure is fundamental to
achieving excellence in community health, customer service, environmental sustainability,
and delivering cost effective water and sewerage services. This revised Code will make a
practical contribution to better achieving those goals.
Cost savings in design and construction can deliver major benefits. Currently, water supply
networks accounts for 65% of the $26 billion current replacement costs of the total water
supply infrastructure in Australias major cities. Sewage collection systems account for
82% of the $28 billion current replacement cost of the total sewerage infrastructure. Water
utilities and the urban development industry are investing some $500 million annually in
water and sewerage networks.
Water supply and sewerage networks are made up of a multitude of components including
pipes, fittings, valves, connectors, access chambers and so on. Historically, Australias
urban water utilities have developed local standards and codes for the design and
construction of these networks. The wide variety of requirements for pipeline systems,
designed to achieve essentially the same objectives, has created small fragmented
markets for those components leading to higher costs. Standards have also focussed more
on prescription than the performance required. Costs are high, innovation is stifled and
export opportunities lost.
The Water Services Association of Australia is ideally positioned to provide national
leadership in actively prosecuting its National Codes Initiative. As an industry association
of the major urban water utilities in Australia, WSAAs 22 members supply some 14 million
Australians with water and sewerage services. In developing Codes of practice, WSAA is
working to provide a complete asset management framework to support the total life cycle
of our network infrastructure.
Best practice and strategic standardisation are the principal drivers to delivering living
codes and ensuring that water and sewerage assets are fit for purpose and cost effective.
Materials and product specifications, quality assurance policies, certification programs,
design and construction codes, research and development initiatives and competencybased training schemes will support and form a total package of industry practices that can
deliver the outcomes for an internationally competitive Australian water industry.
Dr John Langford BE (Ag) PhD FTSE FIE Aust
Executive Director of the Water Services Association of Australia
JULY 2004
WSA 032002-2.3
CONTENTS
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
PART 0: GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

I Glossary of Terms
13
II Abbreviations
25
III Referenced Documents
28
IV Other References
32
PART 1: PLANNING AND DESIGN

Contents
36
1 General
42
2 System Planning
52
3 Hydraulic Design
66
4 General Design
76
5 Structural Design
95
6 Appurtenances
105
7 Design Review and Drawings
123
PART 2: PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS

Contents
132
8 Products and Materials Overview
134
Appendix A Quality Assurance of Products and Materials
145
PART 3: CONSTRUCTION
Contents
152
9 General
157
10 Quality
159
11 General Construction
162
12 Products and Materials
173
13 Excavation
177
14 Bedding for Pipes
180
15 Pipe Laying and Jointing
182
16 Pipe Embedment and Support
189
17 Fill
192
18 Swabbing
194
19 Acceptance Testing
196
20 Disinfection
203
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21 Tolerances on As-Constructed Work
205
22 Connections to Existing Water Mains
207
23 Restoration
209
24 Work As Constructed Details
211
PART 4: STANDARD DRAWINGS

Contents
214
25 Introduction
216
26 Listing of Standard Drawings
218
27 Commentary on WAT-1100 Series Drawings
220
224
229
232
STANDARD DRAWINGS
235
WAT-1100 Series Drawings Pipeline Layout

WAT-1200 Series Drawings Embedment, Trench Fill And Restraints
WAT-1300 Series Drawings Installation Practices And Structures
WAT-1400 Series Drawings Fabrication Details
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WSA 032002-2.3
PREFACE
THE NEED FOR TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
The Water Supply Code of Australia, together with a Water Agency supplement and other
referenced documents, sets an Agencys requirements for:
Minimum acceptable technical criteria for design and construction of water supply and
reticulation networks; and
Manufacture and supply of associated products and materials.
This set of documentation has a number of benefits. It:
enables ready acquisition from different suppliers of assets of a recognised acceptable

quality;
ensures assets have acceptable levels of buildability, operability and maintainability;
takes account of whole-of-life costs;
facilitates efficient design and construction i.e. it obviates the need for Water Agencies
to develop and maintain their own standards;
limits risk exposure of both the principal and suppliers;
facilitates controlled improvements to asset designs, usage of products and materials,

and construction and acceptance testing methods; and
facilitates quality assurance and inspection.
THE BENEFITS OF NATIONAL CODES

Historically, Australias urban water authorities developed and enforced their own parochial
standards for design, construction, materials and products. The wide variety of
requirements for pipeline systems created small, fragmented markets and hindered the
mobility of suppliers, leading to higher costs than necessary.
National Codes, which commenced publication 1999:
facilitate consistent national reform and regulation of the water industry;
provide a transitional mechanism for sharing water-industry specialist expertise as

internal Water Agency resources diminish;
provide a common technical reference for the development of industry training and
skills accreditation programs for private sector suppliers;
enhance the mobility of suppliers e.g. designers and constructors by reducing parochial
technical impediments to trade; and
improve the Australian water industrys interface with international water companies.
WSAA members and associate members have adopted the first editions of the Codes with
supplementary requirements and technical variations. The second editions of the Codes
address many of the supplementary requirements and variations such that the extent of the
Agency supplements is expected to decrease markedly.
The Codes are presented in performance based terms together with deemed-to-comply
solutions. Alternative solutions may be accepted provided it can be demonstrated that they
meet the performance requirements.
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WSA 032002-2.3
INNOVATION
The word innovation has become a euphemism for doing anything differently, though not
necessarily better.
Dictionaries variously define innovation as to introduce novelties i.e. anything new or
strange; to make changes. On closer scrutiny, many changes may be shown to be
technically inferior and/or more costly in life cycle terms.
Standardisation and innovation are somewhat conflicting but associated concepts, some
characteristics of which are outlined below. Standardisation may generate a number of
benefits; however, without innovation, standards can lock in historical practice at the
expense of best practice.
STANDARDISATION
INNOVATION
In a changing market, standardisation may

not be practicable
Innovation is necessary in all markets and

precedes standardisation
Standardisation reduces complexity
Innovation thrives on complexity
Standardisation facilitates training
Innovation frustrates training
Standardisation requires pragmatism,

compromise and consensus
Innovation requires creativity and courage
Standardisation may lead to sub-optimisation
Innovation seeks optimisation
Standardisation aids in management of risk

and costs in a large market
Innovations risk and costs increase with the

scale of its initial implementation
Genuine innovative ideas and methods that enhance functionality and reduce life cycle
costs are to be encouraged but must be considered and adopted through an appropriate
screening process.
Designs/Construction Practices: WSAA members have agreed to inform each other of
innovative trials, to share information and to work with one another and with industry in
challenging accepted standards and practices and achieving more effective and efficient
outcomes.
Products: WSAA has developed a national product appraisal system that provides a
single point of entry into the market for strategic product manufacturers, developers and
innovators. Whilst a successfully appraised product will generally have universal appeal, it
should be clearly understood that a finding by WSAA that a product is fit for purpose and
has acceptable life expectancy does not automatically mean it is authorised for use by a
Water Agency. Other considerations may necessitate restrictions being placed on the
number or type of products accepted for use in a particular network.
HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF THE WATER SUPPLY CODE
When an agencys administrative and process requirements are contractually coupled with
this Code, the scenario outlined below illustrates a typical use of the Water Supply Code of
Australia in asset creation.
Concept Plan
The Agencys Concept Plan defines the broad water supply management objectives and
states the available system to which the planned scheme will connect, allowable pressures
and flows and, if necessary, augmentation requirements. For a small development, the
Plan may simply state the point of connection for a nominally sized reticulation system.
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WSA 032002-2.3
Agency / Development Agreement

The Agency, via a formal agreement or contract, instructs the Developer that all network
infrastructure shall comply with the deemed-to-comply technical requirements of the
Code. Special or alternative technical solutions would require formal approval by the
Agencys representative.
Project Manager
Accountability for the total project design, construction and connection is vested in a
Project Manager who is responsible for managing all facets of the project, including
procurement of design, construction and testing services. The Project Managers system
would include the necessary procedures, check lists etc addressing the Agencys process
and administrative requirements and technical elements of the Code. The Project Manager
is responsible for ensuring that all suppliers have the necessary technical
qualifications / accreditation.
Design
Under the control of the Project Managers management system and using the Code as the
principal design input, the Designer prepares Design Drawings in which the scheme layout,
component sizing, class and material options comply with the criteria of the Code.
Project Specification
The Designer (or Project Manager) prepares a project Specification, to accompany the
Design Drawings, for issue to the Constructor. The project Specification may be prepared
by cutting and pasting standard elements of Part 3: Construction, and including reference
to or attachment of the relevant Standard Drawings (Part 4) and Purchase Specifications
(WSAA website).
Constructor
The Constructor is engaged by the Project Manager to build the asset in accordance with
the project Specification. The Constructor works under the control of the Project Managers
management system, including adherence to ITPs, witness and hold points etc. The
Constructor is responsible for ensuring that all procured materials and products are listed
in an Agencys authorised products schedule and/or comply with the nominated Purchase
Specifications, as well as being stored and installed without damage and in accordance
with the Specification and Design Drawings. The Constructor provides details to the
Designer for preparation of work-as-constructed drawings.
Testing
Testers (compaction, pressure, etc) work under the Project Managers control and conduct
tests in accordance with the requirements of the Code.
THE WSAA WEBSITE
The first editions of the Codes contained a wide variety of product guidance and
information. A decision has been made to transfer most of that information to the WSAA
website www.wsaa.asn.au where it can more efficiently be managed and kept current.
The following information is now available from the website. More information may be
added over the life of this edition:
Purchase Specifications
Product and Material Information and Guidance
Water Industry Product Standards
Technical Notes
Product Appraisal Reports
JULY 2004
WSA 032002-2.3
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE OF CODE
The Water Supply Code of Australia covers the planning, design and construction of
transfer, distribution and reticulation mains and service pipes up to DN 1200 and larger.
The Code does not specifically address water reticulation used in private and community
title developments that are connected to a Water Agencys reticulation system. However,
where those mains are likely to be maintained by the Water Agency or its contractor, it is
recommended that the Water Supply Code be adopted as a deemed-to-comply solution
for the water services specified in the National Plumbing and Drainage Standard
AS/NZS 3500.1.1: Water supplyPerformance requirements.
CODE STRUCTURE
The Water Supply Code of Australia is made up of separate parts, which address the
technical requirements of the design and construction elements of the Water Agency asset
creation and renewal processes.
Each part of the Code is divided into sections and clauses with supporting figures and
tables. Part 4 of the Code also has commentaries relevant to each series of Standard
Drawings. A glossary of terms and interpretation of abbreviations is provided in Part 0,
together with a list of referenced documents.
CODE PURPOSE
The primary purpose of the Water Supply Code of Australia is to document technical best
practice for design and construction of quality water networks. The Code is an element of
the overall asset management framework that WSAA is developing for its members
network infrastructure. The Code focuses on asset creation, but it could be used for some
of the intervention options such as replacement and renewal that may be necessary with
aging assets.
The Code is intended for Planners, Designers and Constructors servicing the land
development industry and for contract work done on behalf of Water Agencies for asset
management.
The Code does not provide administrative or process guidance that is specific to each
Water Agency, which will be dependent on the nature of the works, whether they are
developer or capital works employing Deed of Agreement or contract documents.
The Water Supply Code of Australia Melbourne Retail Water Agencies Edition includes:
The Water Agencies requirements for specific detail which the Code anticipates
individual water agencies will address, and
additions, deletions and variations to the Code where the Codes requirements are
not compatible with the Water Agencies current requirements (due to local practice,
climatic, geographic and topographic conditions and statutory requirements, etc) or
where the Code is otherwise silent.
Any reference to the Water Supply Code of Australia (the Code) shall be deemed to refer
to the Melbourne Retail Water Agencies Edition of the Code. The Code specifies
mandatory requirements for the design and construction of water mains that are to become
the responsibility of the Water Agencies.
The Water Agencies reserve the right to specify or approve other design and/or
construction requirements for particular projects and/or developments.
Before
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WSA 032002-2.3
10
commencement of any construction, the Water Agencys approval shall be obtained to any
design and/or installation that does not comply with the Code.
MANDATORY AND INFORMATIVE
The Code provides a mixture of mandatory and informative statements.
The mandatory requirements are a mixture of both prescriptive and performance
requirements. Overall, the Code provides deemed-to-comply solutions to the planning,
design and construction of water supply and reticulation mains and service pipes. The
development of a fully performance-based code underpinned by a standard deemed-tocomply solution document is high on WSAAs agenda.
The information and guidance (informative text) contained in the Code has been
deliberately interspersed throughout the mandatory requirements to provide some context
and enable better understanding of the mandatory requirements. Informative text has been
italicised to enable clearer differentiation.
However, it is emphasised that the exact approach taken to all aspects of a particular
water supply or reticulation project is the decision of the Water Agency and Planners,
Designers and Constructors involved in each project. This Code provides technical
information to aid in that process.
PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS
The WSAA materials network, in conjunction with product suppliers, has developed a suite
of default Purchase Specifications to assist with preparation of contract documentation.
The Purchase Specifications have been kept as clear and simple as possible and do not
repeat the need for requirements that are already covered by the relevant product
standard.
A range of quality assurance options based on international practice and commensurate
with the risk of failure have been adopted.
The Purchase Specifications have been placed on the WSAA website for ease of access
and to enable regular updating and improvements. Each Purchase Specification is freely
downloadable.
It is anticipated that Purchase Specifications will be revised over the life of this edition to
reflect changes in Standards and advice from users. Similarly, additional Purchase
Specifications may be published.
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS
WSAA invites users of this Code and its supporting documentation to propose
amendments. An amendment proforma can be downloaded from www.wsaa.asn.au.
To increase the likelihood of suggested amendments being adopted, it is recommended
that users of the Code seek preliminary review by and support of a WSAA Member or
Associate or other relevant organisation, for example, CSIRO, Civil Contractors Federation
or PIPA for inclusion with the submission.
Amendments will be published from time to time on the WSAA website. Users may register
their interest so that published amendments can be emailed directly. To register, please
submit your name, position, company and contact details, together with the WSAA Code
titles in which you have an interest, to [email protected].
Users of the Melbourne Retail Water Agencies Edition of the Code are invited to suggest
amendments or improvements to the technical content and format or style of the document
by emailing suggestions to:
City West Water [email protected]
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WSA 032002-2.3
South East Water [email protected]

Yarra Valley Water [email protected]
USING THE HARD COPY VERSION OF THE CODE

As you read through the Code, you will note that a bold vertical line appears in the lefthand margin beside some clauses and paragraphs or parts thereof. The line indicates that
there has been an amendment made by the Water Agencies (or any one of them) to that
particular paragraph or clause of the WSAA edition i.e. material has been modified, added
and/or deleted. Where a short vertical marginal line appears beside a space or blank line
between paragraphs or clauses, it signifies that material has been deleted at that point.
A suffix -V has been added to any WSAA Standard Drawing modified or varied by the
Water Agencies and a suffix -M on the drawing number denotes an added or new Water
Agency drawing (Refer Clauses MRWA 25.3 and MRWA 25.4).
Provided the requirements of the Code as they appear in the Melbourne Retail Water Agencies
Edition are followed, it is not necessary that you understand what changes or where such
changes to the WSAA edition have been made.
USING THE ELECTRONIC VERSION OF THE CODE
As with the hard copy of the Code, a bold vertical black line in the left-hand margin beside
(or between) some paragraphs and clauses indicates that there is a Water Agency
variation to that particular part of the Code i.e. material has been modified, added and/or
deleted. In addition to the marginal marking, modified and/or added text appears in a violet
font.
If you utilise any hyperlinks within the documents, choose the Previous View (not
Previous Page) button to return to where you were when you first activated the hyperlink.
In addition to modified or added Water Agency drawings having a suffix (-V or M) on the
drawing number, such drawings also appear on screen in a violet colour.
CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY OF MELBOURNE RETAIL WATER AGENCY STANDARDS
MRWA Standards are supplied subject to the following understandings and conditions:
i.
MRWA Standards are copyright and apart from any use as permitted under the
Copyright Act 1968, no parts of the documents may be sold, reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior
permission in writing of MRWA.
ii.
MRWA Standards are intended for use in connection with MRWA related projects
only.
iii.
MRWA do not warrant the applicability of MRWA Standards to climates, topography,

soil types, water and sewage characteristics and other local conditions and factors
that may be encountered outside MRWAs area of operations.
iv.
The holder of MRWA Standards acknowledges that they may contain errors and/or
omissions.
v.
MRWA accepts no responsibility for any works or parts thereof which may contain
design and/or construction defects due to errors or omissions in any part of a MRWA
Standard which has not been prepared or formatted by MRWA.
vi.
MRWA accepts no responsibility for the incorrect application of MRWA Standards by

the holder or any other party.
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Water Supply Code of Australia

WSA 032002-2.3
Melbourne Retail Water Agencies Edition
(Including City West Water, South East Water & Yarra Valley Water)
Version 1.0
Part 0: Glossary of Terms,

Abbreviations and References
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WSA 032002-2.3
I GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The purpose of this glossary is to assist in interpreting terminology used in the various
parts of the Water Supply Code of Australia.
The terms and definitions are adopted from various sources including:
Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 2566.1, Buried flexible pipelines Part 1:

Structural design
British Standard BS EN 805:2000, Water supplyRequirements for systems and

components outside buildings
Glossary of Building Terms published jointly by National Committee on Rationalised

Building (NCRB), Standards Australia and Suppliers Index Pty Ltd
Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 3500 National Plumbing and Drainage

Code Part 0: Glossary of terms
A Guide to Testing of Water Supply Pipelines and Sewer Rising Mains, 1 st Edition,
June 1999, WRc plc
The Drinking Water Dictionary, 1st Edition, 2000, American Water Works Association
Water Agency documentation
Term
Definition
access chamber
A below-ground structure with a cover constructed in the line of a

water main to facilitate operation, testing and/or maintenance of
the system. It will generally contain appurtenances such as
valves
access cover
A removable cover that is installed at or above finished surface

level on an access chamber to allow access to appurtenances
aggressive soil
Soil which could have a corrosive or other adverse effect on a

pipeline component and which requires special consideration with
respect to protective measures. See also contaminated soil
alignment of mains
Positioning of mains relative to locations such as property

boundaries or the Water Agencys space allocation in the road
reserve
allotment
See lot
allowable operating
pressure, AOP
Pressure rating marked on a pipe, fitting or appurtenance

indicating the maximum pressure at which it can operate
throughout its design life at a specified reference temperature,
generally 20C. The rated pressure incorporates a safety factor.
The rated pressure for plastic materials must be adjusted for
temperature
allowable site test

pressure
Maximum hydrostatic pressure that a newly installed component

is capable of withstanding for short durations (generally<24 h), in
order to demonstrate the integrity and tightness of the water main
Authorised
Acceptable to, authorised by or approved by the Water Agency or

Owner or Regulator
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WSA 032002-2.3
14
Term
Definition
Australian Height
Datum, AHD
A level datum, uniform throughout Australia, derived from mean

sea level observations at 30 tide gauge locations located along
the Australian coastline and used as a base reference for
derived datum levels throughout Australia; replaces Australian
Levelling Survey
average day
demand
The total water demand per year for a given area or category of
development divided by 365
backfill
Material (including embedment and trench fill) and procedure

used to fill an excavation. See also engineered fill
balancing storage
See operating storage
bedding
Zone between the foundation and the bottom of a pipeline. See

also embedment
boring
A method of machine excavation working from a shaft or pit and

creating a cylindrical tunnel slightly larger than the pipeline
boundary
Survey line separating adjoining properties for the purposes of

defining ownership/title
bulkhead
A structural partition across a pipeline trench, built to minimise

longitudinal and lateral movement of the pipeline, to minimise
ground movement in the trench, and to restrict movement of fines
within and along the trench caused by infiltration and ground
water flow through the embedment and trench fill materials
cathodic protection
Partial or complete protection of a metal from corrosion by

making it the cathode, using either galvanic or impressed current.
It is usually applied to mitigate external corrosion of electrically
continuous welded steel buried pipelines and internal corrosion of
welded steel service reservoirs
carriageway
Portion of a road or bridge assigned to the movement of vehicles,

inclusive of any shoulders and auxiliary lanes. It is designated as
that part of a public road(way) between kerbs. See also local
road, major road, road, road reserve
coating
Additional organic or inorganic material applied to the internal

and/or external surface of a pipeline component at a specified
film thickness, which is intended to provide long-term protection
from corrosion, mechanical damage and/or chemical attack. Such
coatings require special surface preparation and application
techniques. See also lining
common trenching
See shared trenching
Concept Plan
A package of information provided to the designer by the Water

Agency to enable the appropriate planning / design of major
water system components to be performed
Constructor
An individual, corporation or legal entity including any contractors

and sub-contractors that is accountable at law for delivery of
Works under a specific contract or development agreement
contaminated soil
Soil that has been affected by previous land use or by direct or

indirect infiltration of chemicals or other substances such that it
requires special consideration. See also aggressive soil
controlled fill
See engineered fill
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WSA 032002-2.3
Term
Definition
control valve
A valve designed to alter flow and pressure in the pipework on

either side of the control valve to achieve the required operational
outcomes
corrosion
Deterioration of a material and alteration of its properties due to

chemical or electrochemical reaction between the material and its
environment
dead water
Water that is not useable. For example, water below the outlet
level of a reservoir or tank
demand
Volume of water used by customers during a certain time interval

from a water supply system
demand forecasting
Process of anticipating volumes of water required to meet

customers peak (maximum) hourly, daily and annual
requirements
Design Drawings
Plans and drawings required for the construction of the water

supply transfer, distribution or reticulation systems and showing
the locality including roads and water main details, the site plan
including lots, boundaries, roads, proposed and existing water
mains, proposed property services, sewers, drains, watercourses,
site contours, proposed aqueducts, proposed boreholes, a level
schedule or longitudinal elevation if the water main is to be
constructed prior to road or drainage construction and
construction details. Supplementary information may include
proposed buildings, existing services and groundwater and
watercourse levels
design period
Period of time a design analysis should cover in order to size

system facilities (such as service reservoirs, pumping stations
and water filtration plants). It is the number of consecutive days
that the daily demand factor exceeds the ratio of supply (or input)
capacity to maximum day demand
design pressures,
DP
Limiting pressures, both maximum and minimum, that the

designer allows for in the design of a pipeline system. These
pressures are used to determine:
(a) the extent of the proposed development that may be
serviced, in terms of elevation (acceptable range of
residual pressures) and distance (acceptable minimum
residual pressure after headlosses);
(b) a suitable pipe material to meet expected operating
pressures for the duration of the system life; and
(c) structural requirements associated with the pipeline
pressure
Designer
Person(s) or firm responsible for a design output. Such person or

firm may be accountable to a Project Manager or other person
having responsibility under a contract or otherwise
Developer
A person, organisation, local government authority or government

authority (other than the Water Agency) responsible for provision
of a water supply scheme or water reticulation system
diurnal pressure
variation
A daily variation in system pressure, at any location, between

periods of high and low water usage (normally between day and
night)
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Term
Definition
distribution main
A water main serving as the principal distributor within the supply

area, normally without direct consumer connections
distribution
network
A combination (network) of larger diameter water mains

necessary to ensure an adequate supply of water to, and within,
reticulation networks (systems)
dog leg
A prefabricated section of pipe incorporating bends to cater for a

variation in alignment
drinking water
Water that is suitable for human consumption, food preparation,

utensil washing and oral hygiene. For the purposes of this code,
drinking water is cold water at a temperature 40C (adapted
from AS/NZS 4020)
dual service
A service pipe that bifurcates to provide two property connections

from a single tapping of the water main
duplicate main
An additional main, laid parallel to the original main (usually on

the other side of the road), to service allotments that can not be
easily serviced from the original main. See also rider main
dynamic pressure
head
When a pump is operating, vertical distance from a reference

point (such as a pump centre line) to the hydraulic grade line
easement
A right held by one party to make use of the land of another for
certain purposes
embankment fill
Fill material placed over the overlay for the purpose of creating an
embankment
embedment
Zones around a pipe between the foundation, the trench or

embankment fill and the trench walls. See bedding, haunch
support, side support and overlay
end of pipe
A termination of a pipeline with no provision for access from the

surface
engineered fill
Fill that has been selected, placed and compacted to meet

specified performance criteria
existing surface
level
Undisturbed ground surface
fatigue de-rating
An allowance made, during the design process, for the reduced

performance of products (particularly plastics) as a result of
anticipated cyclic loadings within the system
ferrule
A component used to connect a service pipe to a main, usually

capable of shutting off the flow of water to the service pipe
finished surface
Paved or unpaved surface of a filled trench or an embankment
finished surface
level, FSL
Ground level at the completion of construction and landscaping
fire flow demand
Quantity of water required for fire fighting purposes often

expressed as a flow rate for a particular time period
fitting
A component of a pipeline, other than a pipe, which allows

pipeline deviation, change of direction or bore. In addition, valves,
flanged-socketed pieces, flanged-spigot pieces, collars and
couplings are also defined as fittings
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WSA 032002-2.3
Term
Definition
flexible joint
A joint that permits significant angular deflection, both during and

after installation, and which can accept a slight offset to the
centreline
flexible pipe
A pipe that relies primarily upon side support to resist vertical

loads without excessive deformation. Flexible pipe materials
include PVC, GRP, PE, steel and ductile iron
footpath
A formed pavement for pedestrians, especially one at the side of

a road in the footway. See also footway
footway
A strip of land between the front boundary of a lot and the kerb or
carriageway. Also known as nature strip or verge in some regions
of Australia. See also carriageway
foundation
A naturally occurring or replaced material beneath the bedding
gravity system
A system wherein flow and/or pressure are caused by the force of

gravity. There are two kinds of such systems:
Pressurised gravity system, where the pipeline operates full;

and
Non-pressurised gravity system, where the pipeline

operates partially full
haunch support
That part of the side support below the spring line of a pipeline
head, H
Pressure expressed in terms of the height of a column of water

(in metres). The head is a factor of 9.81 (nominally 10) lower than
the equivalent value in kPa, e.g. 800 kPa 80 m
hold point
A point beyond which an activity may not proceed without the

approval of a designated organisation or authority
hydraulic grade
line, HGL
A line (hydraulic profile) indicating the piezometric level of flow at

all points along a conduit, open channel or stream. In pipes under
pressure, each point on the hydraulic profile is an elevation
expressed as the sum of the height associated with the pipe
elevation and the pipe pressure (head)
Improvements
Pavements, shrubs, gardens, retaining walls, fences and all other

structures
joint
A connection between the ends of two pipeline components

including the means of sealing
k-value
Colebrook-White roughness coefficient; a measure of the interior

roughness of a pipe
layout of main
Nominal route of a main, generally shown in terms of specific

roads, reserves and/or easements
lining
Additional organic or inorganic material applied to the internal

surface of a pipeline component at a specified thickness, which is
intended to provide long-term protection from corrosion,
mechanical damage and/or chemical attack. Such linings require
special surface preparation and application techniques. See also
coating
local planning
authority
Local municipal council or local government body or appeals

board authorised to administer or arbitrate government town
planning legislation
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Term
Definition
local road
A road, under the control of the local government or council, with

load restriction, or one that carries less than 200 commercial
vehicles per day in each direction. See road, major road
lot
A property for which a separate title may be held or issued, and

which will be serviced by the water reticulation system
major road
A collective term for any freeway, expressway, arterial road or

distributor road. See road, local road
maximum allowable
operating pressure,
MAOP
Maximum hydrostatic pressure that can be sustained, with a

factor of safety, by the type or class of pipe for its estimated
useful life under anticipated operating conditions
maximum day
demand
See peak day demand
maximum design
pressure
Maximum operating pressure of the system or of the pressure

zone as fixed by the Designer, considering future developments,
all other foreseeable operating conditions and including an
allowance for surge
maximum hour
demand
Maximum demand which a system or part of a system is required

to supply in any one hour of the year (also called peak hour
demand). It is often expressed as a daily rate
maximum working
pressure
See maximum allowable operating pressure
Melbourne Retail
Water Agency
Standards
Nominated National Codes which may incorporate specific

Melbourne Water Retail Agency requirements for design and
construction of infrastructure and the manufacture and supply of
associated products and materials, and other documents
including supplements to National Codes prepared and published
or adopted by Melbourne Retail Water Agencies from time to
time, which further set out such requirements
minimum design
pressure
Lower limiting pressure that the Designer allows for in the design
of a pipeline system. This pressure is selected to ensure:
Acceptable minimum residual pressure for the types of

development; and
Acceptable range of residual pressures (between operating

pressure limits)
In the selection of pipe material, transient pressures below the
minimum design pressure should be taken into account
minor road
See local road
National Codes
The Water Supply Code of Australia, the Sewerage Code of

Australia and other codes and documents published from time to
time by the Water Services Association of Australia
network analysis
A process of analysing a water supply system by using a

computer software network modelling package. Also known as
dynamic system analysis
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WSA 032002-2.3
Term
Definition
nominal size, DN
An alphanumeric designation of size for components of a pipeline

system, which is used for reference purposes. It comprises the
letters DN followed by a dimensionless whole number, which is
indirectly related to the physical size, in millimetres, of the bore or
outside diameter of the end connections
offset
A distance specifying the location of the centreline of a pipeline,

generally measured perpendicular from a title boundary
operating pressure,
OP
Internal pressure that occurs at a particular time and at a

particular point in a water supply system
For gravity systems, maximum operating pressure is the full
supply level of the reservoir, less the lowest ground level
applicable to the pipeline, plus surge. For pumped systems,
maximum operating pressure is the greater of:
The surge HGL less the ground level, or
The maximum pump suction HGL plus the no discharge

head of the pump, less the lowest ground level.
Minimum operating pressure is due to maximum headloss
conditions i.e. minimum supply pressure to the zone combined
with peak demand in the zone (maximum water velocity through
the pipelines)
operating pressure
limit
Maximum pressure to which the Water Agency will permit a

pipeline of particular material and class to be subjected in
service. It typically results in a de-rating of the pipe pressure
class e.g. 1.2 MPa for a Class 16 pipe
operating storage
Amount of storage provided to accommodate diurnal fluctuations

in demand and to cater for demands exceeding the maximum
available inflow rate (also called balancing storage or equalising
storage)
overlay
Zone between the side support and either the trench fill or the
embankment fill
Owner
Agency, Authority, Board, Company, Controlling Authority,

Corporation, Council, Department, Individual, Regulator, Utility or
other legal entity who is the owner of the asset and/or who has
responsibility for the asset
peak day demand
Maximum demand in any one day of the year. A day is typically

taken as any 24 hour period ending at 07:00 (also called
maximum day demand)
pipe
A pipeline component of uniform bore, normally straight in axis,

having socket, spigot or flanged ends
per capita
consumption
An estimate of the water usage in a community, including

residential, industrial and commercial, determined by dividing the
total water used by the number of persons using it. It is the
average amount of water used by a person within a given period
of time and is most commonly expressed in units of litres per
capita per day
pipe barrel
Cylindrical part of the pipe with a uniform cross section excluding

socket and spigot or flanges where relevant
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Term
Definition
pitot point
A chlorination injection point. This assembly consists of a 20 mm

tapping and gate or ball valve. It is specified on designs for
mains in some cases where there is no hydrant adjacent to a
valve at the point of supply
potable water
See drinking water
pressure creep
A tendency for pressure, which is normally controlled at a

particular upper level, to rise toward a potential maximum
pressure when conditions necessary for the control are reduced.
Examples of this effect in pipelines are:
The pressure increase when flow rates reduce to less than

the usual (designed) minimum
The pressure increase downstream of a PRV when the flow

rate reduces to less than that required for the PRV to
operate effectively
pressure rating
See allowable operating pressure
pressure surge
See surge
pressure zone
A reticulated supply area connected to a controlled water

pressure source (typically a service reservoir or tank), covering a
limited area and range of elevations to enable supply within a
range of minimum and maximum operating pressures
property service
Portion of a property water service from main to meter location.

See also service pipe
pumped and gravity

system
A system where gravity and pumping are used, either separately

or in combination, to provide flow and/or pressure
pumped system
A system where flow and/or pressure are provided by means of

one or more pumps and where the pipe(s) operate full
rated pressure
See allowable operating pressure
reduced level, RL
Elevation of a point or mark related to a nominated datum (metric

or imperial). Some Water Agencies may use the term EL for
metric RLs
Regulator
Entity that has the power to enforce Regulations related to the

activities and responsibilities of a Commonwealth, state, territory
or local government. It applies to environmental management and
protection, occupational health and safety and the like
remote terminal
unit, RTU
An electronic hardware device used to collect, process and

transmit SCADA data and signals at a site
reserve storage
Amount of storage provided to cater for some continuing supply in

the event of a system component failure and depletion of the
operating storage
reserve storage
level, RSL
Top level of the reserve storage
reservoir
Bulk drinking water

distribution mains
reticulation main
A water main that connects a distribution main with service pipes.

Reticulation mains are generally sized DN 100 to DN 375
storage
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supplying
to
transfer
and/or
JULY 2004
21
WSA 032002-2.3
Term
Definition
reticulation submain
A water main that connects a reticulation main with service pipes

within discrete areas where the number of consumers is small,
thereby minimising deterioration of water quality. Reticulation
sub-mains are generally sized DN 40 to <DN 100
rider main
An additional main laid parallel to a transfer or distribution main to

provide for service connections. See also duplicate main
rigid pipe
A pipe that supports vertical loads primarily by virtue of its

inherent resistance to bending or deformation as a ring; when
rigid pipes are used, flexible joints must be used to ensure that
the pipeline installation is flexible. Pipe types include VC and RC
right of way
A specified right which gives a person or persons access across

certain land belonging to another person
road
A surface devoted to public travel and movement of goods by

vehicles; a road covers the entire width between opposite
property boundaries in a road reserve including the road
pavement, footways, cycleways (where appropriate) and verges
road reserve
Land set aside for the road pavement, footway(s) and verge(s)
roadway
See road
SCADA
An electronic supervisory control and data acquisition system for

compiling water system operations data and enabling automatic
and remote control/operation of specific facilities
service pipe
A water pipe that supplies water from the reticulation main to the
consumer. The portion of the service pipe under the control of a
Water Agency generally terminates at the water meter, or in the
case of fire services, the isolating valve of the fire protection
system
service pressure,
SP
Internal pressure delivered at the point of connection to a

consumers installation at zero flow in the service pipe. Service
pressure does not include surge pressure
side support
Embedment zone between the bottom and top of a pipe
shared trenching
Simultaneous installation of two or more services in one

(common) trench
socket
The end of the pipe or pipe fittings with an enlarged internal

diameter for the reception of the plain or spigot end of another
pipe fitting
Specification
The document detailing the work involved in the particular project

in hand
specifications
Precise standards of performance for construction work, materials

and manufactured products. Specifications make it possible to
express expected values when work or items are purchased or
contracted for, and they provide means of determining
conformance with expectations after purchase or construction
spigot
The plain or specifically formed end of a pipe fitting for insertion

in a socket or coupling to form a joint
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Term
Definition
splay corners
The section of the title boundary offset and at 45 degrees to the

point intersection of the title boundaries at intersecting streets
split service
See dual service
spring line
Projection of the horizontal centreline to the walls of a pipe
standards
(1) Documents that specify the minimum acceptable

characteristics of a product or material, a test procedure, an
installation method etc, issued by an organisation that develops
such documents e.g. Standards Australia. Such standards may or
may not be used as (or called) specifications
(2) A set numerical limit e.g. a contaminant limit set by a
regulatory agency
static head
When water is not moving, vertical distance from a specific point

in the water/pipeline to the free water surface. See dynamic
pressure head and static pressure
static pressure
Static head multiplied by the specific weight of water. See

dynamic pressure head and static head
street alignment
Plan shape of the boundary between a road reserve and the

adjoining lots. See also road
support type
A mode of pipe embedment
surge
A rapid fluctuation of pressure caused by flow alteration over a

short period of time
surge pressure
A short-duration pressure increase caused by a sudden

movement of water from such causes as a directional change in
flow, the starting or stopping of a pump, and opening or closing of
a valve or hydrant
Superintendent
The individual appointed by the contract principal as an

independent arbiter of contract directions, issues, claims and
variations
system
A combination of elements that together makes up a functioning

water supply
system planning
A process of examining the present, recognising trends, making

projections and developing plans to ensure water supply systems
have the capability to achieve agreed customer, stakeholder and
regulator outcomes
temperature
de-rating
An allowance made, during the design process, for the reduced

performance of products (particularly plastics) as a result of
anticipated operating temperatures above 20C within the system
test pressure
Hydrostatic pressure applied to a newly laid pipeline in order to

demonstrate its integrity and tightness. This pressure may be
greater than the operating pressure limit of a pipeline for a
relatively short duration
Tester
An individual, corporation or legal entity registered by the

National Association of Testing Authorities for the relevant
classes of tests and that is accountable at law for delivery of
testing services under a specific contract with the Constructor
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WSA 032002-2.3
Term
Definition
trafficable area
Any area where vehicular traffic is likely, e.g. road pavement,

driveways, etc
transfer main
A water main that interconnects source(s), treatment works,

reservoir(s) and/or supply areas, normally without direct
consumer connections
traverse line
A survey line fixed on the ground consisting of several connected

lines of known length which meet at measured angles or
bearings, and used for setting out the location of a proposed
water main
trench fill
Fill material placed over the overlay for the purpose of refilling a
trench
trench width
The clear width between the sides of an unsupported trench or

the width inside the internal faces of a trench support system
trenchstop
A non-structural partition across a pipeline trench built to restrict

movement of fines within and along the trench caused by
infiltration and ground water flow through the embedment and
trench fill materials
trunk main
See transfer main
underground
services
Underground assets, including those owned by other authorities

or companies, e.g. gas, telecommunications and electrical
useable capacity
Operating storage plus reserve storage (of a service reservoir)
valve
A mechanical device used for stopping or regulating flow and

controlling pressure e.g. gate valve, isolating valve, control valve,
pressure reducing valve, air valve and hydrant
verge
Areas between the boundaries of a road reserve and the

carriageway. This term is usually applied where there are no
formed footways
Water Agency
An authority, board, business, corporation, council or local

government body with the responsibility for planning or defining
planning requirements, for defining and authorising design
requirements, for defining and authorising construction
requirements and for operating and maintaining or defining
operation and maintenance requirements for a water supply
and/or sewerage system or systems
In particular, City West Water, South East Water, Yarra Valley
Water or any other water authority that may adopt this edition of
the Water Supply Code.
water distribution
system
Part of the water supply system comprising pipelines, service

reservoirs, pumping stations and other assets by which water is
distributed to the consumers. It generally begins at the outlet of a
water treatment works (or source, if there is no treatment) and
includes the reticulation system
water supply
system
See water distribution system
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WSA 032002-2.3
24
Term
Definition
water hammer
Any sudden pressure head change in a pipe caused whenever

the velocity in the pipe is changed from one steady state
condition to another (commonly caused by stopping flow too
rapidly). It is often characterised by pipe movement or noise. See
also surge pressure
working pressure
See operating pressure
Work As
Constructed (WAC)
Documentation showing details of work as actually constructed

(in contrast to Design Drawings). Also called Work As Executed
Works
All those Works being water mains, valves, hydrants and

accessories including valve chambers and storage facilities as
shown on the Design Drawings and including any part or parts of
the Works
witness point
A point in the work process at which an activity may be observed
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25
WSA 032002-2.3
II ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATION
INTERPRETATION
percentage
AC
asbestos cement
AHD
Australian Height Datum
AICV
automatic inlet control valves
AMG
Australian Map Grid
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
AOP
allowable operating pressure
AS
Australian Standard
AS/NZS
Australian/New Zealand Standard
ASTM
American Society for Testing Materials
AV
air (release) valve
AWWA
American Water Works Association
BSP
British standard pipe
CB
Certification Body
CBD
central business district
CCF
Civil Contractors Federation
CFA
Country Fire Authority
cfu
colony-forming unit
CI
cast iron
CL
cement lined
CP
cathodic protection
CWW
City West Water Limited
De
nominal external size designation (based on external diameter) of

plastic pipe and components and used to distinguish from DN
which is generally based on internal diameter
DI
ductile iron
DICL
ductile iron cement (mortar) lined
DN
nominal size
DP
design pressure
EF
electrofusion
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
EPDM
ethylene propylene diene monomer
FSL
finished surface level

full storage level (of a reservoir)
g/m2
grams/square metre
GDA
Geocentric Datum Australia
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WSA 032002-2.3
26
ABBREVIATION
INTERPRETATION
GIS
geographical information system
GRP
glass reinforced polyester
hour
head (in metres)
ha
hectare
HGL
hydraulic grade line
HP
hydrant path
HR
hydrant road
ID
Density Index
ISO
International Standards Organisation
ITP
inspection and test plan
JSA
Job Safety Analysis
ks
equivalent sand roughness size
kL
kilolitre
km
kilometre
kPa
kilopascal
kV
kilovolt
litre
LP
pipe length
metre
m/s
metres per second
MAOP
maximum allowable operating pressure
MFB
Metropolitan Fire Brigade
mg/L
milligrams/litre
mL
millilitre
mm
millimetre
MPa
megapascal
MRWA
Melbourne Retail Water Agencies
MSCL
mild steel cement lined
NATA
National Association of Testing Authorities
degree
degree Celsius
OCEI
Office of the Chief Electrical Inspector
OD
outside diameter
OH&S
occupational health and safety
OP
operating pressure
PDF
peak day factor
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27
ABBREVIATION
INTERPRETATION
PE
polyethylene
PHF
peak hour factor
PIPA
Plastics Industry Pipe Association of Australia Limited
PL
property line
PN
nominal pressure, in megapascals X 10
PRelV
pressure relief valve
PRV
pressure reducing valve
PSV
pressure sustaining valve
PVC
polyvinylchloride
PVC-M
polyvinylchloride modified
PVC-O
polyvinylchloride oriented
PVC-U
polyvinylchloride unplasticised
flow (in metres/second)
RD
density ratio
RL
reduced level
RRJ
rubber ring (seal) joint
RSL
reserve storage level
RTU
remote terminal unit
RV
reflux valve
second
spacing
Sc
scour
SCADA
supervisory control and data acquisition
SCL
steel cement (mortar) lined
SEW
South East Water Limited
SMP
Safety Management Plan
SN
nominal stiffness, in N/m/m X 10 -3
SP
service pressure
STP
system test pressure
SV
stop valve
TUP
tapping under pressure
UPCIC
under pressure cut-in connection
UV
ultraviolet
VC
vitrified clay
WAC
Work As Constructed
WSAA
Water Services Association of Australia Inc.
YVW
Yarra Valley Water
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WSA 032002-2.3
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WSA 032002-2.3
28
III REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The following documents are referred to in this Code.
STANDARD TITLE
CLAUSE / TABLE / DRAWING
ANSI/AWWAdownloadable from http://www.awwa.org/bookstore
C651
Standard for Disinfecting Water Mains
20.1
AS downloadable from http://www.standards.com.au/catalogue
1100
Technical drawing
27.1
1199
Sampling procedures and tables for inspection

by attributes
A3.2
1281
Cement mortar lining of steel pipes and fittings
WAT1403, WAT1404
1289
Methods for
purposes
1289.5.1
Soil compaction and density tests
1289.5.1.1
Determination of the dry density/moisture

content relation of a soil using standard
compactive effort
1289.5.4
Compaction control test
1289.5.4.1
Dry density ratio,

moisture ratio
1289.5.6
Compaction control test
1289.5.6.1
Density index
material
1379
Specification and supply of concrete
1432
Copper tubes for plumbing,

drainage applications
1579
Arc-welded steel pipes and fittings for water and

wastewater
1906
Retroreflective materials and devices for road

traffic control purposes
1906.3
Raised pavement markers (retroreflective and

non-retroreflective)
WAT1300
2124
General conditions of contract
9.1
2187
Explosivesstorage, transport and use
13.5
2200
Design charts for water supply and sewerage
3.2.5.2
2419
Fire hydrant installations
2419.2
Part 2: Fire hydrant valves
6.8.5
2490
Sampling procedures and charts for inspection

by variables for percent nonconforming
A3.2
2638
Gate valves for waterworks purposes
2638.1
Part 1: Resilient seated valves
6.2.1.2
2638.2
Part 2: Metal seated valves
8.4.1, WAT1406, WAT1407
testing
soils
for
moisture
method
for
engineering
variation
5.5.2, 17.2, 19.3.1, Table 19.1
and
19.3.1, Table 19.1
cohesionless
19.3.1, Table 19.1
gasfitting
COPYRIGHT
A4.3
and
WAT1104, WAT1106, WAT

1107, WAT1108, WAT1109,
4.13.1, 4.13.2, WAT1402,
WAT1404
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WSA 032002-2.3
29
STANDARD
TITLE
2700
Colour standards for general purposes
WAT1300
3500
National Plumbing and Drainage Code
3500.1
Water supply
3600
Concrete structures
12.5.4
3610
Formwork for concrete
12.5.3
3680
Polyethylene sleeving for ductile iron pipelines
15.9
3681
Guidelines for the application of polyethylene

sleeving to ductile iron pipelines and fittings
15.9, WAT1102
3688
Water supplyCopper and copper alloy body

compression and capillary fittings and threadedend connectors
WAT1104, WAT1107,
WAT1109
3996
Metal access covers, road grates and frames
WAT1303, WAT1304,
WAT1305, WAT1306,
WAT1308, WAT1309
4041
Pressure piping
15.18.2
4087
Metallic flanges for waterworks purposes
4.13.4, WAT1313,
WAT1403, WAT1405,
WAT1409
4321
Fusion-bonded medium-density polyethylene

coating and lining for pipes and fittings
WAT1401, WAT1403
4799
Installation of underground utility services and

pipelines within railway boundaries
Table 8.2, 4.3.9, WAT1213
AS/NZS downloadable from http://www.standards.com.au/catalogue/Script/search.asp
1260
PVC pipes and fittings for drain, waste and vent

applications
WAT1308
1477
PVC pipes and fittings for pressure applications
8.4.1
1554
Structural steel welding
1554.1
Welding of steel structures
15.18.1, WAT1400, WAT

1401, WAT1402, WAT
1403, WAT1404, WAT1405
1554.6
Welding stainless steels for structural purposes
WAT1401
2280
Ductile iron pressure pipes and fittings
3.7.1.2, 8.4.1, WAT1401,

WAT1407
2566
Buried flexible pipelines
2566.1
Part 1: Structural design of buried flexible pipe
2832
Cathodic protection of metals
2832.1
Part 1: Pipes and cables
4.12.3
2832.2
Compact buried structures
4.12.3
2845
Water supplyBackflow prevention devices
2845.1
Water supplyBackflow prevention devices

Materials,
design
and
performance
requirements
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5.1, 5.4.3, WAT1201
2.5.2
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WSA 032002-2.3
STANDARD
30
TITLE
3500.1.2
Acceptable solutions
12.6, 22.4
3678
Structural steelHot rolled plates, footplates

and slabs
WAT1401, WAT1402,
WAT1405
3679
Structural steel
3679.1
Hot-rolled bars and sections
4020
Testing of products for use in contact with

drinking water
4360
Risk management
2.7, 4.1.5
4536
Life cycle costing An application guide
8.6
4801
Occupational health and safety management

systems Specification with guidance for use
10.1.1
4853
Electrical hazards on metallic pipelines
4.3.11
WAT1311, WAT1312
PIPAdownloadable from http://www.pipa.com.au/Guidelines.html
POP006
Derating requirements for fittings
3.5.3.2
POP010A
Part 1 Polyethylene pressure pipes design for

dynamic stresses
3.5.2, 3.5.3.1, Table 3.2
POP010B
Part 2 Fusion fittings for use with polyethylene

pressure pipes design for dynamic stresses
3.5.3.2
BS ENdownloadable from http://www.bsonline.techindex.co.uk
295
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints

for drains and sewers
295-4
Requirements for special fittings, adaptors and

compatible accessories
8.4.3
545
Ductile pipes, fittings, accessories and their

joints for water pipelinesRequirements and
test methods.
8.4.1
ISO downloadable from http://www.standards.com.au/catalogue/Script/search.asp
9000
Quality management and quality assurance

standards
A1, A2.1, A2.2, A2.4, A4.2.2,

A4.2.3, A4.2.4, A4.3, A4.5
9001
Quality systemsModel for quality assurance in

design, development, production, installation
and servicing
A2.1, 10.1.1
9002
Quality systemsModel for quality assurance in

production, installation and servicing
A2.1
14001
Environmental management systems

Specification with guidance for use
10.1.1
WSA 01
Polyethylene Pipeline Code
3.2.2, 15.1.3, 19.4.1, 19.4.4,

19.4.5, WAT1108, WAT-1409
WSA 06
Code of Practice for Under Pressure Cut-Ins

(publication expected 2003)
4.7
WSAA
COPYRIGHT
JULY 2004
WSA 032002-2.3
31
PUBLISHER
TITLE
DIPRA
Thrust Restraint Design for Ductile

Pipelines,
4th Edition, 1997, downloadable from
http://www.dipra.org/publications/
CLAUSE
COPYRIGHT
Iron
5.9.3
JULY 2004
WSA 032002-2.3
32
IV OTHER REFERENCES
The following documents are published on the WSAA website. While not necessarily
specifically referred to in this Code, they may be used in process documentation permitting
the adoption of this Code and/or preparation of Contract documentation. The list of
documents is not complete as other documents may be published from time to time.
WSAA PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS

WSA PS No
TITLE
PRESSURE PIPE AND FITTINGS

200
Ductile Iron Pipe
201
Ductile Iron Fittings
202
Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings
203
Steel Pipe
204
Steel Fittings
205
Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Pressure Pipe
206
Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Pressure Fittings
207
Polyethylene (PE) Pipe
208
Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Fittings
209
Modified Polyvinylchloride (PVCM) Pressure Pipe
210
Oriented polyvinylchloride (PVCO) Pressure Pipe
211
Unplasticised Polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) Pressure Pipe
212
Ductile Iron Fittings for PVC Pressure Pipe
213
Moulded and Post-Formed PVC Pressure Fittings
214
Property Connection Pipe Copper
215
Property Connection Pipe Polyethylene
VALVES AND HYDRANTS

260
Resilient Seated Gate Valves
261
Metal Seated Gate Valves
262
Extension Spindle for Gate Valves
263
Butterfly Valves
264
Non-Return (Reflux) Valves
265
Kinetic Air Valves
266
Knife Gate Valves
267
Hydrants (Spring)
268
Pressure Reducing Valves
SURFACE FITTINGS
292
Access Covers Water Supply
ANCILLARY PRODUCTS
310
Mechanical Tapping Bands
COPYRIGHT
JULY 2004
33
311
Unrestrained Mechanical Couplings
312
Flange Gaskets and O-rings
313
Offtake Clamps for Under-Pressure Connection
318
Marking Tape, Non-Detectable
319
Marking Tape, Detectable
320
Polyethylene Sleeve for Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings
WSA 032002-2.3
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
350
Compaction Sand (For Pipe Embedment)
351
Single Size Coarse Aggregate (For Pipe Embedment)
352
Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM)
353
Fine Crushed Rock for Road Base
354
Coarse Crushed Rock for Road Base
355
Geotextile Filter Fabric
356
Piles
357
Pre-mixed Concrete, Normal Class
358
Pre-mixed Concrete, Special Class
360
Embedment/Concrete Sand
361
Embedment/5 mm Minus Crushed Rock
362
Well Graded Crushed Rock for Pipe Embedment
WSAA TECHNICAL NOTES

WSA TN No
TITLE
PE squeeze-off
COPYRIGHT
JULY 2004
WSA 032002-2.3
34
NOTES
COPYRIGHT
JULY 2004

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Water Supply Code of Australia

Melbourne Retail Water Agencies Edition

Previous edition WSA 03: 1999

Yarra Valley Water Limited

Sydney Water Corporation

South East Water Limited

South Australia Water Corporation

Sydney Water Corporation

Power and Water Corporation

Standard drawings by Loburn Pty Ltd, West Lakes, South Australia.

MRWA EDITION VERSION 1.0

MRWA EDITION VERSION 1.0

PART 0: GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

III Referenced Documents

PART 1: PLANNING AND DESIGN

7 Design Review and Drawings

PART 2: PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS

8 Products and Materials Overview

Appendix A Quality Assurance of Products and Materials

12 Products and Materials

14 Bedding for Pipes

15 Pipe Laying and Jointing

16 Pipe Embedment and Support

MRWA EDITION VERSION 1.0

21 Tolerances on As-Constructed Work

22 Connections to Existing Water Mains

24 Work As Constructed Details

PART 4: STANDARD DRAWINGS

26 Listing of Standard Drawings

27 Commentary on WAT-1100 Series Drawings

28 Commentary on WAT-1200 Series Drawings

29 Commentary on WAT-1300 Series Drawings

30 Commentary on WAT-1400 Series Drawings

WAT-1100 Series Drawings Pipeline Layout

MRWA EDITION VERSION 1.0

Manufacture and supply of associated products and materials.

This set of documentation has a number of benefits. It:

enables ready acquisition from different suppliers of assets of a recognised acceptable

ensures assets have acceptable levels of buildability, operability and maintainability;

takes account of whole-of-life costs;

limits risk exposure of both the principal and suppliers;

facilitates controlled improvements to asset designs, usage of products and materials,

facilitates quality assurance and inspection.

THE BENEFITS OF NATIONAL CODES

facilitate consistent national reform and regulation of the water industry;

provide a transitional mechanism for sharing water-industry specialist expertise as

MRWA EDITION VERSION 1.0

In a changing market, standardisation may

Innovation is necessary in all markets and

Standardisation reduces complexity

Innovation thrives on complexity

Standardisation facilitates training

Innovation frustrates training

Standardisation requires pragmatism,

Innovation requires creativity and courage

Standardisation may lead to sub-optimisation

Innovation seeks optimisation

Standardisation aids in management of risk

Innovations risk and costs increase with the

MRWA EDITION VERSION 1.0