Beowulf

Beowulf begins with a history of the great Danish King Scyld (whose
funeral is described in the Prologue). King Hrothgar, Scyld's greatgrandson, is well loved by his people and successful in war. He
builds a lavish hall, called Heorot, to house his vast army, and when
the hall is finished, the Danish warriors gather under its roof to
celebrate.
Grendel, a monster who lives at the bottom of a nearby mere, is
provoked by the singing and celebrating of Hrothgar's followers. He
appears at the hall late one night and kills thirty of the warriors in
their sleep. For the next twelve years, the fear of Grendel's fury
casts a shadow over the lives of the Danes. Hrothgar and his
advisors can think of nothing to calm the monster's anger.
Beowulf, prince of the Geats, hears about Hrothgar's troubles,
gathers fourteen of the bravest Geat warriors, and sets sail from his
home in southern Sweden. The Geats are greeted by the members
of Hrothgar's court, and Beowulf boasts to the king of his previous
successes as a warrior, particularly his success in fighting sea
monsters. Hrothgar welcomes the arrival of the Geats, hoping that
Beowulf will live up to his reputation. During the banquet that
follows Beowulf's arrival, Unferth, a Danish thane, voices doubt
about Beowulf's past accomplishments, and Beowulf, in return,
accuses Unferth of killing his brothers. Before the night ends,
Hrothgar promises Beowulf great treasures if he meets with success
against the monster.
Grendel appears on the night of the Geats' arrival at Heorot.
Beowulf, true to his word, wrestles the monster barehanded.Click
here to see the fight! He tears off the monster's arm at the shoulder,
but Grendel escapes, only to die soon afterward at the bottom of his
snake-infested mere. The Danish warriors, who have fled the hall in
fear, return singing songs in praise of Beowulf's triumph. Hrothgar
rewards Beowulf with a great store of treasures. After another
banquet, the warriors of both the Geats and the Danes retire for the
night.
Unknown to the warriors, however, Grendel's mother is plotting
revenge (see "Grendel's Mother's Attack"). She arrives at the hall
when all the warriors are sleeping and carries off Aeschere,
Hrothgar's chief advisor along with her son's claw. (Click here to see
the infamous claw!) Beowulf offers to dive to the bottom of the lake,
find the monster and destroy her. He and his men follow the
monster's tracks to the cliff overlooking the lake where Grendel's
mother lives. They see Aeschere's bloody head sitting on the cliff.
While preparing for battle, Beowulf asks Hrothgar to protect his
warriors, and to send his treasures to his uncle, King Hygelac, if he
doesn't return safely.
Before Beowulf goes into the sea, Unferth offers him his
sword, Hrunting. During the ensuing battle Grendel's mother carries
Beowulf to her underwater home. After a terrible fight, Beowulf kills
the monster with a magical sword, probably put there by the AlWeilder, that he finds on the wall of her home. He also finds
Grendel's dead body, cuts off the head, and returns to land, where
the Geat and Danish warriors are waiting expectantly. Beowulf has
now abolished the race of evil monsters.
The warriors return to Hrothgar's court, where the Danes and Geats
prepare a feast in celebration of the death of the monsters. Beowulf
bids farewell to Hrothgar and tells the old king that if the Danes ever
again need help he will gladly come to their assistance. Hrothgar
presents Beowulf with more treasures, and they embrace,
emotionally, like father and son.
The Geats sail home. After recounting the story of his battles with
Grendel and Grendel's mother, Beowulf tells King Hygelac about the
feud between Denmark and their enemies, the Heatho-bards. He
describes the proposed peace settlement, in which Hrothgar will
give his daughter Freawaru to Ingeld, king of the Heatho-bards, but
predicts that the peace will not last long. Hygelac rewards Beowulf
for his bravery with land, swords, and houses.
The meeting between Hygelac and Beowulf marks the end of the
first part of the poem. In the next part, Hygelac is dead, and Beowulf
has been king of the Geats for fifty years. A thief steals a jeweled
cup from a sleeping dragon who avenges his loss by flying through
the night burning down houses, including Beowulf's own hall and
throne. Beowulf goes to the cave where the dragon lives, vowing to
destroy it single-handedly. He's an old man now, and he is not as
strong as he was when he fought Grendel. During the battle Beowulf
breaks his sword against the dragon's side; the dragon, enraged,
engulfs Beowulf in flames and wounds him in the neck. All of
Beowulf's followers flee except Wiglaf, who rushes through the

flames to assist the aging warrior. Wiglaf stabs the dragon with his
sword, and Beowulf, in a final act of courage, cuts the dragon in half
with his knife.
Yet the damage is done. Beowulf realizes that he's dying, that he
has fought his last battle. He asks Wiglaf to bring him the dragon's
storehouse of treasures; seeing the jewels and gold will make him
feel that the effort has been worthwhile. He instructs Wiglaf to build
a tomb to be known as "Beowulf's tower" on the edge of the sea.
After Beowulf dies, Wiglaf admonishes the troops who deserted their
leader when he was fighting against the dragon. He tells them that
they have been untrue to the standards of bravery, courage, and
loyalty that Beowulf has taught.
Wiglaf sends a messenger to a nearby camp of Geat soldiers with
instructions to report the outcome of the battle. Wiglaf supervises
the building of the funeral pyre. In keeping with Beowulf's
instructions, the dragon's treasure is buried alongside Beowulf's
ashes in the tomb. The poem ends as it began -- with the funeral of
a great warrior.

Beowulf

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Beowulf

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Beowulf begins with a history of the great Danish King Scyld (whose

Beowulf's followers flee except Wiglaf, who rushes through the

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